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2. Future Directions in Computational Mathematics, Algorithms, and Scientific Software. Report of the Panel.
- Author
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Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA.
- Abstract
The critical role of computers in scientific advancement is described in this panel report. With the growing range and complexity of problems that must be solved and with demands of new generations of computers and computer architecture, the importance of computational mathematics is increasing. Multidisciplinary teams are needed; these are found in most advanced and industrial laboratories, but rarely in universities. The existing educational opportunities are not producing the required personnel to meet substantial shortages. Therefore, the panel strongly recommends increased federal support for: (1) research in computational mathematics, methods, algorithms, and software for scientific computing; (2) the development of interdisciplinary research teams; (3) the establishment and continued operation of a suitable research infrastructure for the teams; (4) graduate and post-doctoral students directly involved in the research of some interdisciplinary team; and (5) young researchers and cross-disciplinary visitors. In the second section, research opportunities in a number of mathematical areas are described. New modes of research are discussed next, followed by comments on educational needs and a final section on funding considerations. Appendices contain a list of related reports, information on laboratory facilities for scientific computing, and letters and position papers. (MNS)
- Published
- 1985
3. Introduction to Programming in LISP.
- Author
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King, Margaret
- Abstract
The first section of this course on programming introduces LISP as a programming language designed to do symbol manipulation, with consequent prevalence in auto-instructional (AI) work. A programming language specifies in its description a number of primitive operations which the computer knows how to perform. An algorithm is the set of instructions which constitutes a description of the method by which the task can be performed. This algorithm must be written in the programming language which the computer can deal with. The constructs (elements of LISP) that work in algorithms are described and an example task provided. LISP is a functional language, in that its instructions consist of directives to apply some function to some argument. Part 1 of the course concludes with a description of some of LISP's functions, and Part 2 deals with its symbol manipulation functions, specifically in manipulating LISP constructs known as lists. Part 3 gives instruction in writing inherently recursive functions non-recursively. Practice exercises follow each section of the course. (CLK)
- Published
- 1976
4. Automatic Program Synthesis Reports.
- Author
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Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Computer and Information Science Research Center. and Biermann, A. W.
- Abstract
Some of the major results of future goals of an automatic program synthesis project are described in the two papers that comprise this document. The first paper gives a detailed algorithm for synthesizing a computer program from a trace of its behavior. Since the algorithm involves a search, the length of time required to do the synthesis of nontrivial programs can be quite large. Techniques are given for preprocessing the trace information to reduce enumeration, for pruning the search using a failure memory technique, and for utilizing multiple traces to the best advantage. The results of numerous tests are given to demonstrate the value of the techniques. The other paper gives a brief overview of the automatic programming system within which the above algorithm is being used. This system is still under development. (Author/CH)
- Published
- 1973
5. Solving the Quadratic Capacitated Facilities Location Problem by Computer.
- Author
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Cote, Leon C. and Smith, Wayland P.
- Abstract
Several computer programs were developed to solve various versions of the quadratic capacitated facilities location problem. Matrices, which represent various business costs, are defined for the factors of sites, facilities, customers, commodities, and production units. The objective of the program is to find an optimization matrix for the lowest cost, given the restrictions of the problem. The algorithms, COMPAT and SWITCH, are devised to solve portions of the problem with the subroutines, CHANGE and MUNKRES. These programs are tried on several different problems, and the different results are compared. Suggestions for future research, particularly using Gilmore's branch and bound technique, are made. (WH)
- Published
- 1973
6. Information Storage and Retrieval Scientific Report No. ISR-22.
- Author
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Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Dept. of Computer Science. and Salton, Gerard
- Abstract
The twenty-second in a series, this report describes research in information organization and retrieval conducted by the Department of Computer Science at Cornell University. The report covers work carried out during the period summer 1972 through summer 1974 and is divided into four parts: indexing theory, automatic content analysis, feedback searching, and dynamic file management. Twelve individual papers are presented. (Author/DGC)
- Published
- 1974
7. Knowledge Acquisition from Structural Descriptions.
- Author
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Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA., Hayes-Roth, Frederick, and McDermott, John
- Abstract
The learning machine described in this paper acquires concepts representable as conjunctive forms of the predicate calculus and behaviors representable as productions (antecedent-consequent pairs of such conjunctive forms): these concepts and behavior rules are inferred from sequentially presented pairs of examples by an algorithm that is probably effective for a wide variety of problems. A method for inducing knowledge by abstracting such representations from a sequence of training examples is described. The proposed learning method, interference matching, induces abstractions by finding regional properties common to two or more exemplars. Three tasks solved by a program that performs an interference matching algorithm are presented. Several problems concerning the relational representation of examples and the induction of knowledge by interference matching are also discussed. The similarities between this task and other computer science problems are indicated, and directions for future research are considered. (Author/JEG)
- Published
- 1976
8. The Structure-Mapping Engine.
- Author
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Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Computer Science. and Falkenhainer, Brian
- Abstract
This paper describes the Structure-Mapping Engine (SME), a cognitive simulation program for studying human analogical processing. SME is based on Gentner's Structure-Mapping theory of analogy, and provides a "tool kit" for constructing matching algorithms consistent with this theory. This flexibility enhances cognitive simulation studies by simplifying experimentation. Furthermore, SME is very efficient, making it a candidate component for machine learning systems as well. The Structure-Mapping theory is reviewed and the design of the engine described. Some examples of its operation are then demonstrated. Finally, plans for using SME in cognitive simulation studies are discussed. Appendices list detailed examples of definitions according to various analogies, as well as sample outputs. (Author/MNS)
- Published
- 1986
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