Search

The miniseries When They See Us constitutes an example of how a based-on-real-events fiction work can add to its poetic role the ability to participate in shaping democracy. Although journalism is not its central issue, this Netflix series makes a representation of the press in which it shows how the media failed in fulfilling its democratic role and tries to make amends for it. By analyzing 21 scenes dedicated to the media from a narrative perspective, this paper shows how the series represents the press' failure in acting as watchdog during this case. Moreover, it also shows how this representation of the press turns the series into a watchdog itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, journalism cannot remain oblivious to the innovations brought about by the socio-technological reality. Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the technologies on the rise, although the Spanish media have incorporated it little, experimentally and in specific sections. This research has two objectives: 1) to know the state of development of AI in the Spanish digital media and the industry's perception of the impact of this technology on the profession; 2) to explore a human vs synthetic text generation detection method to assess whether generative AI is being used in media. A comparative study was carried out between two media of reference in Spain, one matrix and conservative ideology (El Mundo), and another digital native and progressive trend (eldiario.es). The methodology was based on methodological triangulation and included a survey and an experiment with ChatGPT to detect whether a sample of texts published in these two media was created by humans or machines. The results diagnose that none of these newspapers apply AI, although they are designing plans to do so, and that there seems to be a lack of AI experts in the newsrooms, although a significantly higher predisposition towards AI in the native media is not confirmed as opposed to the matrix. The analyses carried out confirm that generative AI is not used to create texts. The method applied can be used in other studies because its validity is confirmed to provide clues about the human or artificial origin of journalistic texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News media and journalists must adapt to emerging platforms in order to respond to changing news consumption habits. This article addresses the trend of Social Media Live Streaming on Twitch, a platform that has experienced significant growth since 2020. The research pursues the main objective of finding out how Spanish media and journalists are adapting to this platform and what possibilities it offers to the journalistic profession, in terms of business model as well as in communicative style, formats and relationship with the audience. An exploratory analysis made it possible to identify 55 channels and to establish, in the first phase of the research, two categories of study: channels driven by journalists --with a background in digital or legacy media-- or by news media --digital natives or legacy ones--. In a second phase, seven representative cases were studied through content analysis of their profiles and streams, as well as interviews with the promoters. The results reflect an initial stage in the development of news initiatives on Twitch, characterized by experimentation and diversity of projects. In general, there is no great innovation in content and formats, which are based on conversation. There is a hybridization of information and entertainment in live broadcasts which, although providing rigorous information and featuring experts, maintain a relaxed tone and make use of humor. The relationship with the audience is built through the chat, a central element during broadcasts, and subscriptions from viewers, which are the main source of income for the channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the concept of the Imperial Public Sphere (IPS) in the Portuguese empire as a space for confrontation and negotiation within the framework of nineteenth and twentieth-century European colonial empires. In order to demonstrate the origin of political and ideological power, the emergence of IPS is characterized and its fundamental structures identified. The protagonists of IPS are revealed as the 'imperial' and 'colonial' elites. It concludes with the IPS hypothesis that the press and journalism are structures, institutions and mechanisms of political, social and cultural power that are essential for understanding colonial empires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of studies analyzes interest groups' media visibility. Yet little is known about how the drivers of media access may vary across different interest group systems. This article focuses on two major mechanisms through which organizations can gain media visibility: media management efforts and the newsworthiness of elite actors. We hypothesize that media effort explains interest groups' media access more strongly in competitive, pluralist interest group systems and that insider (i.e. "elite") status does so more strongly in hierarchical, corporatist systems. We analyze surveys and media data on interest groups in the pluralist United Kingdom, the moderately corporatist Denmark, and the more strongly corporatist Finland. As hypothesized, media effort is most effective in the UK and weakest in Finland. However, we find only weak support for the insider status hypothesis: there is some evidence of the expected cross-country differences, but the effects are small and unrobust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical partnership between whistleblowers and journalists has produced some of the most consequential news stories of the 20th and 21st centuries. However, this partnership has also experienced deep ruptures, most notably after the attacks on 9/11 that reordered the fourth estate's (the press) approach to publishing stories on national intelligence and politically powerful figures. While sensational developments in information accessibility such as WikiLeaks and online document repositories have meaningfully changed the activity of newsgathering and how stories are published, this article instead looks to the more delicate activity of whistleblower rhetoric and its role in recalibrating the place of the fourth estate in a liberal democracy. What follows is an analysis of how a small, vulnerable, and otherwise heterogeneous group uses a rhetoric of praise and blame to achieve a vision of the fourth estate's essential role in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karl Marx's writings about Spain have been published and studied on several occasions. Among the sources listed by Pedro Ribas, William Walton and his work The Revolutions of Spain, from 1808 to the End of 1836 figures among those mentioned most. Rather surprising, given that Walton sympathised with both Spanish Carlism and Portuguese Miguelism. Though he was born and died in England, Walton lived in the Spanish and Portuguese empires, in America and in the French colony of Santo Domingo at various stages in the course of his career. A Catholic in an Anglican country, he translated Puigblanch's The Inquisition Unmasked. Neither did his political ideas remain unchanged throughout his life. This paper looks at the influence thatWalton had on Marx's ideas about Spain, particularly as regards the Carlist political movement. Marx read Walton in the British Library and took detailed notes from his book. He used these notes in his articles regarding the events that occurred in the country. We will also reflect on the place that Walton begins to occupy in Peninsular historiography, through the bibliographical information on his changing political viewpoints and his proximity to contemporary events. For this article we started with the study of the biography and the work of William Walton, which led us to discover a possible connection with the thinking of Karl Marx. Our investigations have led us to consider that Walton's writings on Spain helped to form the opinions expressed by Marx in his press articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication and the commitment to CSR in practice, specifically on the topic of employee diversity. A large-scale textual analysis is used to investigate CSR communication and the factors that differentiate news organizations. By integrating the scholarship on CSR communication, journalism, and management, the article furthers the understanding of ways news organizations publicly signal the implementation of diversity practices. In addition, the article proves useful as news organizations seek ways to institutionalize their CSR communications and evaluate their own commitments to diversity initiatives as an organizational priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this dialogue, the journalist, poet, blogger, cultural agitator and actor Fernando Alexandre speaks about culture, music, poetry, art, theatre. He worked in the main press agencies from Brazil and created the journal Lira Paulistana. This is a contribution to interested in know a history of press, of art, of culture and of music from Brazil. It is an opportunity for the general public and for researchers to learn more about an important moment in Brazilian history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a comparative critical discourse analysis of news discourse on terrorism with respect to the coverage by two Swedish and two UK broadsheet newspapers of the terrorists attacks that took place in Stockholm and in London respectively in the year 2017. The research goal is to investigate the type of discourses mobilized that help enact a 'politics of fear', and to compare the constitutive elements of this rhetoric within the same, and across the two national contexts. The findings point to three major representations as points on a continuum of discourses that emphatically affirm, give rise to, but also resist and counteract, a politics of fear. The paper sheds light on processes of normalization at work in the routine discursive practices of press coverage, but also to the rise of counter-discourses that resist, downplay, or take a critical stance toward the core elements of a politics of fear. It is argued that these latter discursive practices may work in the opposite direction, namely to de-normalize or marginalize a dominant politics of fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewed scrutiny of how U.S. journalism functions as a political institution is warranted in an era of democratic backsliding. While news media cannot deliver policy on their own, they are fully equipped to represent, interpret, and amplify grievance. If disaffection is directed at retribution rather than policy, journalism contributes to backsliding in the further pathologizing of (non)-responsive government. This essay proposes critical realism (CR) as a heuristic for conceptualizing unique contributions of news media to backsliding. Reality consists of layered strata in CR. This approach accepts the premise of news as a social construction but maintains that a domain of reality exists independent of discursive representation, and that this realm can be actualized in ways that are damaging to democracy. Applied to political communication, the domain of the real includes democratic deficits that may or may not become actualized depending on how journalism operates at the empirical level. Critical realism also generates insights applicable to reform. CR insists that journalists avoid reifying sentiment in ways that comfort authoritarians. The diagnostic acknowledges the journalistic conviction that an external reality is knowable, positing nevertheless that the news interacts with underlying social forces. The profession must forge a healthier relationship with the public to avoid reifying audience support for anti-democratic norms. Reflexivity could be directed beyond the recognition of complicity to two productive rationales for safeguarding democracy: liberal multiculturalism and journalistic paternalism. A final section offers a framework for future research in tracing linkages between journalistic practice and backsliding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The networked era has made it increasingly difficult to define journalism and to separate it from other types of information. This is no small thing. The definition of journalism influences its practice and its role in democratic society. This article identifies themes from judicial definitions of journalism from recent U.S. state and federal cases. Jurists' rationales for why a person is or is not a journalist have come as they face a variety of cases in which bloggers, message-board posters, website publishers, and others have claimed protections that have historically been primarily associated with traditional journalists. Ultimately, judges have constructed a discourse about journalism that combined concerns regarding how closely the process and practices the publishers used to gather and communicate the information aligned with traditional journalistic work, the public-service value of the information, and the journalistic credentials of the publisher. Though concern for how the work was created and who communicated it was crucial, jurists consistently conveyed the public-service role was most instrumental in their evaluations, often rationalizing broad expansions of what legally constitutes journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The education of Walter Lippmann on the topics of propaganda and censorship during the First World War profoundly shaped the sober critique of the traditional theory of American democracy that appeared in Public Opinion. The war also shook his faith in the ability of the press to inform a public he increasingly viewed as hopelessly separated from 'reality'. Yet, between the end of the war and the publication of Public Opinion, Lippmann still maintained a faith, tempered by critique, in the potential of the press in his lesser-known publications, Liberty and the News and A Test of the News. This article argues that there was an overlooked yet critical influence on Lippmann in the interregnum between the end of the war and the publication of Public Opinion that helps explain Lippmann's evolving thoughts on the press; namely, the critical responses to Liberty and the News and A Test of the News. This analysis suggests that the dialogue between Lippmann and his critics provides a piece of the intellectual and historical context for the arguments relating to the press that appeared in Public Opinion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to dissect the presence of female writers in the main four cultural supplements of Spanish reference press: Babelia (El país), Cultura/s (La vanguardia), El cultural (El mundo) and ABC cultural (ABC). For this, we analyzed the "books of the year" recommended between 2010 and 2021 (n = 1,286), as well as the juries in charge of elaborating these ranks. The results show the subsidiary role reserved for women in this sphere of cultural information: they barely author 25.3% of the selected books, although some degree is progress is observed in the historical series, after going from 4.8% in 2011 to 37.8% in 2020. The increase in the presence of women in the juries has contributed to this phenomenon --the correlation between ratio of women in both lists being statiscally significant (rs = 0.647, p < 0.001)--, together with the commitment of supplement such as Babelia and Cultura/s to literature written by women. On the contrary, there still seem to be pockets of exclusion in El cultural and ABC cultural, which reduce the visibility of work of female writers in Spain. According to our findings, women authors stand out for their youth (they are between 8 and 20 years younger than men, depending on the indicator), cosmopolitism (there are more foreign female writers, especially American, than Spanish) and origin (mainly, Madrid and Barcelona). This article evinces the collective imaginary, settled for centuries, by which literature was considered a men's affair, and reflects on the role of cultural journalism and its prescriptive function when it comes to breaking down gender stereotype --a task that, in view of the data provided in this paper, is still far from been completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the prevailing conflict framings of national (El País and El Mundo) and Catalan (La Vanguardia and El Periódico de Cataluña) newspapers in response to the management of the regional independence conflict (2010-2014). For this, a new conflict framing typology was developed, based on level of substantivity. The study has verified that territorial origin affects, but does not determine, the media's definition of the conflict and its preference for specific territorial models. The alignment between parties and the media appears to be the variable that best explains the orientation (pro-independence, constitutionalist, or federalist) of each newspaper. We have also verified the media's action as a polarizing agent based on territorial model preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the prevailing conflict framings of national (El País and El Mundo) and Catalan (La Vanguardia and El Periódico de Cataluña) newspapers in response to the management of the regional independence conflict (2010-2014). For this, a new conflict framing typology was developed, based on level of substantivity. The study has verified that territorial origin affects, but does not determine, the media's definition of the conflict and its preference for specific territorial models. The alignment between parties and the media appears to be the variable that best explains the orientation (pro-independence, constitutionalist, or federalist) of each newspaper. We have also verified the media's action as a polarizing agent based on territorial model preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photojournalism is not free from stereotypical representations. The fourth power still maintains inertias regarding the presentation and representation of stereotypes related to women. The main objective of this research is to explain this circumstance, give examples and provide solutions so that photojournalism can be an effective tool in the dissemination of alternative images. To this end, the bibliography on journalism and gender will be reviewed, as well as stereotypes in the press and, especially, in visual representation. In addition, the last few years of the World Press Photo Awards will be analysed to compare the results with the hypothesis put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted journalistic practices at the international level, showing the need to bring contents closer to the audiences without causing information fatigue. In the Cuban case, the treatment of the pandemic and the general behavior of media agendas are unknown. For this purpose, a longitudinal study was carried out in which the media agendas of six Cuban provincial newspapers and the presence of 28 objects during the month of April 2020 and 2021 were analyzed. The study reveals elements that may indicate the cyclical nature of the topics in the agendas, as well as the lack of creativity expressed through the use of standardized news values and the performance of unoriginal works; reiteration in topics and subtopics, scarce variety of information sources and journalistic genres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title of this paper refers to both the personality and work of the Spaniards who, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, had to abandon their homeland fleeing from the absolutism of King Ferdinand VII (1784–1833), and the inhabitants of the Spanish colonies in the New World, the forerunners of the struggles for independence in their respective countries. Both ended up settling in London, a city that served not only as a refuge but also as a place from which to disseminate their slogans in favour of freedom. Three areas are discussed: the publications of liberal Spanish exiles in London in the early nineteenth century, the interaction between Spanish and (Latin) American exiles and the role of women in this endeavour and in the cause of liberalism in general. The London press shaped this exile journalism and the subsequent liberal journalism in Spain when the extreme censorship from which these exiled journalists had fled was finally lifted. We believe that this global approach offers an original perspective from which to highlight the role of women, with a view to filling the traditional historiographical lacuna in this regard. To this end, we have employed recent relevant literature and primary sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many Indigenous tribes in the United States count on gaming revenue to provide basic services to their people, but gaming was a critical resource that was lost during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a qualitative contextual analysis, this research explores the news coverage about economic resource loss in both Indigenous and non-Indigenous news media coverage of COVID-19, particularly where the virus and gaming intersected. It illustrates how coverage from news outlets with an Indigenous focus and/or representation differs from outlets without connections to Indigenous people. Using Indigenous standpoint theory, the analysis revealed the ways non-Indigenous media used parachute reporting to create a one-sided view of the pandemic's impacts when it came to the industries necessary to fund indispensable tribal functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Push-notifications are essential tools of mobile journalism to capture the attention of the audiences. This study explores the strategies for the production and dissemination of alerts adopted by the main news media outlets in Puerto Rico. Through a content analysis and in-depth interviews with journalists who produce the pushnotifications, this research found that alerts often communicate breaking news, and national and political issues. In line with previous research, in addition they serve to attract traffic, generate income and position the brand in the media market. Although the media recognize that push-notifications are disruptive, they do not tend to adopt personalization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1976 David Murphy wrote his critique of the role of the UK regional press in local politics—The Silent Watchdog: The Press in Local Politics. Through the next two decades, local 'papers of record' attempted to report on the activities and decisions of their local councils regularly and diligently but the decline of the regional press in the twenty-first century has rendered Murphy's critique obsolete. This article will look at what was expected of local journalism in the 1970s. It will show what was delivered until the twenty-first century and then look at how local press coverage of local government has declined, raising the scenario of a 'local democratic deficit'1 whereby local politics in some communities receives little direct coverage, creating a danger of a disconnect between local government and local communities caused by the abandonment of its former role by the regional press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes some keys to the current situation of digital slow journalism (SJ) in the Colombian context. It discusses the results of an audience study and explores the viewpoint of the media belonging to this journalistic trend. Besides, it shares a survey of the Colombian population conducted in July 2019 whose purpose was to know SJ opinions and consumption habits. The country's high knowledge of the narrative press stands out from the results. Actually, 56 % of Colombian digital press readers have accessed it at some point. This study also contrasts the public's interests, perceptions, and demands with the response given by two Colombian SJ media, Arcadia and La Silla Vacía, through a comparative qualitative method. The chief conclusion is that Colombian readers value this type of journalism (rating it 4 out of 5), and 58 % of readers say they are willing to pay for its extra quality. Despite the financing problems these media face, the research envisages a growing market niche for SJ in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decade, the initiative of "brand propaganda," a form of positive reporting on local governments in exchange of financial support, emerged within a few of China's city-level and province-level press groups. Employing the theoretical perspective of journalistic legitimacy, this study investigates how involved local journalists rationalize this initiative and the implications it bears for the future of China's local journalism. In-depth interviews with 17 journalists from the local press group X Daily suggest that brand propaganda is legitimized through a "story of survival" entailing discourses of balance, returning, and adaptation. The effects of brand propaganda on local press and the future of Chinese journalism are complicated by the interactions between individual journalists, local press markets, and the overall media-political environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on media systems theory has been a productive theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between media and politics in a comparative perspective. Topics include the developments in the growing research field have suggested that the democratic corporatist media system model is not one-model-fits-all with regard to the northern European countries.

During the 20th century, the prevalence of well-known publishers, with substantial political and business profiles, such as Nicolás María de Urgoiti, Luis Montiel Balanzat, and Ángel Herrera Oria, as the authentic journalistic dynasties, presided over the editorial and ideological landscape of the Spanish press in a relatively clear way. The death, in 2007, of what can be considered the last of the great classical publishers, Jesús de Polanco, marked, to a large degree, the end of an era in Spanish publishing, recognized globally as that of the great magnates of journalistic communication. In the two first decades of the 21st century, the emergence of new patrons of the press has been witnessed, oriented towards the editing of media which came into being in the digital environment. In this work, this change of the editorial paradigm is explored through interviews and with methods of analysis that are essentially qualitative. For this, the underlying philosophy will be the proposal of Ortega of the vital analysis of the trajectory of the protagonists and their journalistic media within the historical circumstances, as a fundamental explanatory element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the policies followed by the Committee of Union and Progress towards the press during the Second Constitutional Monarchy, newspapers such as Muahede, Sosyalist, İnsaniyet, İştirak which were the media organs of the Democrat and Socialist parties, were closed and their authors were also arrested. The deputy of Komotini, İsmail Hakkı Bey reacted and gave a parlimentary question to the Grand Vizier to explain why the aforementioned newspapers were closed. There percussions of this requesting in the Parliament showed that the MPs evaluated the aforementioned events at two different points; those focused on the point that the detention procedures of the martial law could not be criticized, while according to others the procedure was unlawful and evaluated as unfair attempts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the process of trans-formation that occurred in the press and journalism from Rio de Janeiro, between the 1880s and 1900s. Mainly, the relationship established between the literati and journalistic companies was under investigation, paying attention to the daily newspapers. Also, the attempts of defining journalism as a profession itself were analyzed in pair with the rising importance of the conception of labor to the literary production from lots of men of letters in the period. The poet, chronist, and journalist Olavo Bilac was one of the subjects followed with attention, including his literary personal projects as the illustrated magazines. The documents used for this research were chronicles published on the press, registers from Almanak Laemmert, and the interviews contained in O Momento Literário, from João do Rio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News about drugs is important for health professionals, businesses, and the general public. However, studies examining news articles about drugs are lacking. This paper uses content analysis to examine articles about drugs in 17 Spanish newspapers (13 general, two business, and two professional) from 2008 through 2017. On average, general and business newspapers published three articles about drugs every week, and professional newspapers published 14 every week. Overall, the number of articles about drugs decreased by 10%. The most covered drug-related topics in 2017 were cancer and generics; the least covered was preclinical research. Four times more articles were published on clinical than on preclinical research. Business newspapers published more about clinical and preclinical research than other types of newspapers. Articles about drugs accounted for 0.5% (n=838/178,926) of all articles in the general newspapers, 0.8% (n=468/55,800) in the business newspapers, 8.5% (n=415/4,856) in the medical newspapers, and 1.2% (n=19/1,645) in the science news agency SINC. This study used a new strategy to search and identify newspaper articles through content analysis of large volumes of information and offered relevant data to guide future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies on conflict and terrorism news coverage have documented an ingroup bias as well as an increasingly negative discourse about Muslims in the wake of Islamist terrorist attacks. Yet, as most of these studies have focused on Western media and settings, the determinants of news media's religious biases and out-group categorizations remain insufficiently understood. In this article, we draw on interviews with Nigerian media practitioners and a comparison of Boko Haram news coverage in two Nigerian newspapers—one Southern-based/Christian-affiliated and one Northern-based/Muslim-affiliated—to argue that it is crucial to consider a country's political-religious demography in order to understand the way in which religious-based violence is covered in the news. In this respect, we identify micro-, meso- and macro-level theoretical mechanisms through which a country's demography can promote domestic news outlets—regardless of their background and readership—to cover conflict in a more balanced, nuanced, and objective way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to a life period of the great German philosopher G.W.F. Hegel when he actively carried out journalistic and editing activities in Bamberg. In this context, the authors think of the matter of journalism and press as a choice and vocation, as well as of media and its role in the historical shift. To some extent, we could say that Hegel's work as a journalist and publicist traces the image of the journalese profession as a reasoning and standpoint about freedom, history, national identity, communication with personalities of historical importance and active influence in politics. Media is an inseparable part of Modern World, and everyone who are engaged in it as journalists, editors, publicists, and authors, bear the high responsibility to rethink the historical process and free actions of all the active citizens who take part in it as an aspiration for partnership or a stand on a question in a conflict. Hegel's activity as a journalist is connected with his philosophical ideas of freedom, history, evolution, and, as such, it imposes high demands on journalese profession, still valid on this day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research reflects the impact of Covid-19 on the covers of the main generalist newspapers in Spain: El País, El Mundo, La Vanguardia, and ABC and El Correo. The research, in which 609 headlines and photographs have been coded, focuses on the agenda-setting of these newspapers, the protagonists, the frames and the analysis of the discourse. The methodology followed was content analysis and Nvivo software was used for qualitative analysis. The results show that the media treats the pandemic as a foreign matter. In March, once the crisis floods the front pages, the framework of social and health consequences prevails, but with the passage of time, the frames of solutions and responsibility appear strongly. The usual role of government actors is maintained, but the exposure of civil society grows, especially in photographs. The use of warlike language acts as a militarizing agent for civil society. The aesthetics of the pandemic is visualized on multi-screens, with particular force in those featuring the King of Spain or the Prime Minister. The role of the press as a symbolic reconstructor of events is certified, in convergence and tension with the political system, to homogenize discourses and maintain the social cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the development of digital information competence with journalism as a didactic tool. A review of the educational regulation and digital competence is carried out, as well as its relationship with media literacy. Different authors defend the need to train students with critical and reflexive capacity, so as the access and the compression of the information are fundamental. Thus, our approach places journalism as a didactic tool in the classroom for all subjects and raises the possibility of a specific subject linked to digital information literacy and media literacy. To justify this study, 107 teachers from 32 secondary schools in Seville, who have participated in the project "The Press in Schools", have been surveyed. The fundamental objective is to demonstrate that media literacy is an important axis of digital information competence and that it is directly related to the comprehension of journalistic content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work is to approach the historical significance of the Portuguese immigrant press in the United States of America, paying special attention to those elements of a narrative nature that have contributed to create a symbolic discourse and to give a transcendental and ethnocentric meaning to the Portuguese presence in North America. Through a quantitative and qualitative approach that uses techniques of discourse analysis, the article intends to offer a general radiography on the most paradigmatic aspects of the journalistic narrative of this type of press related to the Portuguese-American cultural imaginary in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on diversity issues of ethnicity, race, religion, and societal groups, in the journalistic text of four cyber media, i.e. Kompas.com, Tribunnews.com, detik.com, and Viva.co.id. The news coverage on diversity issues shows the attention of cyber media to the different values of groups, tribes, religions and race in a unity bond, or otherwise, it triggers potential conflict. The research problem is how the cyber media report diversity issues on the basis of news coverage norms. The research purpose is to describe and analyze diversity issues in the cyber media in relation to (1) main news sources in news coverage; (2) the essence of news coverage in diversity issues; (3) neutrality in news coverage; and (4) themes of news coverage in diversity issues. The research was carried out with the case study methods through content analysis, in-depth interview, online survey and Focus Group Discussion. The physical research objects are news coverage on diversity issues in the cyber media, and the research subjects are cyber media journalists. The research results are that major news sources in the news coverage differ significantly; the news coverage does not totally support the diversity; there remains un-neutrality in the news coverage; the news coverage themes are various; and the elements are not ideal and appropriate to the cyber media ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media scholarship has commonly regarded newspapers as an essential element of strong democratic societies: a forum that structures public debate, providing engaged citizens with coherent frameworks to identify, interpret and tackle complex issues. Despite general agreement on the merits of this goal, there is little empirical evidence suggesting it approximates the democratic role historically played by newspapers. We examined three decades of newspaper coverage of chicken meat production in the UK to find evidence relevant to the normative expectations of the democratic role of newspapers as forum for public debate, by means of a two-stage framing analysis of 766 relevant articles from seven outlets. We found mutually disconnected episodic coverage of specific issues whose aggregate effect is consistent with the diffusion rather than the structuring of public debate. Newspapers here afforded polemic rather than the systemic contestation expected. The polemic contestation we found, with diffusion of public debate as an emergent political effect, troubles the assumptions subsequent to which it is possible to argue for the democratic role of newspapers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russian-sponsored Internet Research Agency's (IRA) use of social media to influence U.S. political discourse is undoubtedly troubling. However, scholarly attention has focused on social media, overlooking the role that news media within the country played in amplifying false, foreign messages. In this article, we examine articles in the U.S. news media system that quoted IRA tweets through the lens of changing journalism practices in the hybrid media system, focusing specifically on news gatekeepers' use of tweets as vox populi. We find that a majority of the IRA tweets embedded in the news were vox populi. That is, IRA tweets were quoted (1) for their opinion, (2) as coming from everyday Twitter users, and (3) with a collection of other tweets holistically representing public sentiment. These findings raise concerns about how modern gatekeeping practices, transformed due to the hybrid media system, may also unintentionally let in unwanted disinformation from malicious actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mediatization of political scandals has become a common phenomenon in the most diverse political systems. However, we know little about how the media frame this information. To answer this question, we have developed a descriptive study on a series of recent political scandals denounced in the Chilean press. Taking as a temporary framework the news published between 2014 and 2016, we analyzed the total information (n=10011) published by a sample of eleven national media, on seven political scandals that occurred during the period. We have used the QDAMiner-Wordstat program to detect frame terms, from which we have been able to identify two large frames: one referring to the "Judicialization of cases" and the other referred to the "Attribution of responsibilities". The results are presented and discussed, examining some implications of the exercise for the understanding of the political scandals themselves and the way in which the Chilean periodic press presents and disseminates them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the media coverage of immigration in Melilla, the land frontier between Spain and Morocco and one of the access points where immigrants enter the European Union, and the role that journalists and other agents play in spreading news on immigration. By means of a field study we analyse the type of news professionals and media that are present near the border, the logics followed by institutional press offices when providing information, and the particular conditions in which journalism is practiced in a space of juridical exceptionality. Amongst the results obtained we underscore: the predominance of a media market that, while apparently diverse, is highly dependent on institutional advertising; the relevance of figures like activists or freelance journalists in providing differentiated news on immigration; and the difficulties in working that journalists face due to arbitrariness and obscurantism when accessing images and data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]