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Focuses on spring 1999 German efforts to dispose of currency that has been taken out of circulation because of the decision to use the euro, the combined European currency unit. Factors that affect the disposition, including elements that make the bills impossible to recycle; Incorporation of shredded currency into compost; Other suggested used for the bills.

The ''early bird'' archaeopteryx may not be a bird, after all. The first fossil of the raven-size species was an immediate sensation when it was excavated in 1860, in southern Germany. It had feathers and a wishbone, like birds, but teeth and a long, bony tail, like reptiles. Coming the year after publication of ''The Origin of Species,'' the discovery swayed many scientists into accepting Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

When someone decides to look something up in Wikipedia, a computer is typically involved. But that may well change. In Germany, a printed collection of Wikipedia articles is being produced for the first time by a major publisher, Bertelsmann. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Features Tom Kummer, a journalist in Germany. Controversies against his credibility as a writer; Allegations made by the newspaper `Suddeutsche Zeitung' against Kummer.

Explains the significance of the introduction of the Deutsche mark into the Western currency system by Germany on June 20, 1948 and the impact of the same. Bitter memories of the Third Reich in the minds of the Germans; Focus on Bundesbank.

Discusses the search for documentation on Jewish assets taken by the Nazis in World War II, in the National Archives of the United States. Effort of Jewish survivors of World War II to locate assets stored by Nazis in Switzerland; Questioning of Switzerland's neutrality in the war; Comments from Stuart E. Eizenstat, Undersecretary of Commerce for International Trade; Creation of agency to review material in United States archives.

Reports that a historian at the Union Bank of Switzerland ordered the destruction of archival information which may have provided information about Switzerland's relationship with Germany during World War II. How action may have violated a Swiss law; Questions being asked by Jews about the destruction; Denial from the bank that the documents contained damming evidence; Apology from Minister of Economics Jean-Pascale Delamurez to the World Jewish Congress about insulting comments.

The article discusses how the Baroque-music program and academic conference will host a performance of a unheard composition by Johann Sebastian Bach. The article explains that the composition, a variation on a 16th-century choral melody, was discovered in March 2008 by two scholars at Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg in a trove of papers the university acquired at auction. The musicologists, Michael Pacholke and Stephan Blaut, had urged the university to buy the estate because it consisted of papers that had once belonged to Wilhelm Rust, a minor 19th-century composer who edited 26 volumes of the first complete edition of Bach's works.

Details the efforts of restoring the books destroyed by fire at the Anna Amalia Library in Weimar, Germany. Description of items irreparably destroyed; Transportation of the books to the Center for Book Conservation; Challenge of soliciting the help of the government and the public to help finance the restoration.

The article discusses prominent cases of alleged academic plagiarism by European government officials who had received degrees from German universities. Officials accused include former German minister of research and education Annette Schavan, German defense minister Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, and Hungarian President Pal Schmitt. Other topics include the importance of doctoral degrees in German political culture, the qualifications for academic dissertations in Germany, and the opinions of media scholar Debora Weber-Wulff on plagiarism in Germany.

Reports that Academic investigators in Germany are expecting to spend several months trying to solve a case of scientific fraud committed by two German researchers. How Friedhelm Herrmann and Marion Brach are implicated as the key figures in the crime; Number of known papers they published with falsified information; Plans of Herrmann to sue the medical dean at the University of Ulm; Reasons why the investigation will take so long. INSET: German research council to issue guidelines to prevent....

The article offers the author's insights on the tablecloth heirloom from her mother. She states that she uses the tablecloth for full-dress dinners, particularly during Thanksgiving. She also mentions that the tablecloth was brought by her great aunt in Baden-Baden, Germany as a gift to her grandmother. She adds that to remove stain in the tablecloth, she uses cloth towel or layers of paper towels and places an ice cube overnight on each blemish.

A major archive in Germany has purchased 15 custom-made scanners to digitize and catalog a huge collection of virtually untapped Holocaust records. The archive at the International Tracing Service in the German town of Bad Arolsen contains testimony from Holocaust survivors as dictated to humanitarian workers in displaced persons camps after World War II. Survivors detailed the horrors they endured in concentration camps and spoke of their plans for the future while workers recorded the testimony on tabloid-size paper. Kathrin Flor, a spokeswoman for the service, said the archive could fill important historical holes about the fate of survivors after the war. The scanners cost more than $280,000 and are large enough to digitize the odd-sized papers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Presents information on the European Cultural Capital in 1999, a contest announced in Weimar, Germany by organizers Weimar 1999 and Lettre International, which invited 900 philosophers, historians, scientists, artists and luminaries worldwide to propose topics. When participants have until to present their papers; Number of languages which the papers could be presented in; Maximum permitted length; How sub-juries will be formed; Detailed information on the contest.

Focuses on Edith Hahn's decision to offer her archive of personal papers at auction by Sotheby's in London in early December 1997. Hahn's documentation of her experiences as a German Jew who escaped persecution by the Nazis; Details of her experiences and the papers and photographs that document it; Why she has decided to sell the collection.

The article reports on the bierdeckel or pressed-paper beer mats in Germany which has multiple uses including the serve as tabulator for waiters on the beers given to customers, the souvenirs for tourist with stamped familiar logos, and as campaign gimmicks of public service message on refugees.

This article discusses the family of Holocaust victim Ann Frank. In February 2007, a series of letters written by Otto Frank, the father of Ann, were uncovered in a warehouse in the U.S. The letters detail a correspondence between Otto and his friend, professor Nathan Straus Jr. Otto's letters demonstrate the family's desperate conditions and their repeated attempts to relocate to the U.S. during WW II. The papers, owned by the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research in New York, are now on display.

A state appellate court in Brooklyn has ordered the family of a Holocaust survivor to return an ancient gold tablet to a German museum. The decision turns on its head the familiar scenario of Holocaust victims suing to reclaim property stolen or extorted from them by the Nazis. But in this case, according to court papers, the precious 3,200-year-old Assyrian artifact had been looted, not from the survivor, but from the Vorderasiatisches Museum in Berlin, at the close of World War II. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

BERLIN -- By nightfall on Monday some 45 reporters had paid a visit to the law firm of Redeker Sellner Dahs here to examine copies of private financial documents belonging to President Christian Wulff, a paper trail made public by his legal team in a bid to save his reputation and his job. A three-year-old home loan Mr. Wulff received from a friend and had since repaid erupted last week into what the German news media are calling the ''loan affair.'' As calls for the president's resignation have grown louder, the scandal has even pushed the sovereign debt crisis off the front pages for the first time in months. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

DUSSELDORF, Germany -- The Deutsche Post office across from the train station here offers DVDs, umbrellas, phone cards and toys -- with the processing of mail appearing nearly an afterthought. And the facility housing it is not a post office at all. Deutsche Post occupies a corner space in a bank. With mail volumes decreasing 1 to 2 percent annually in many countries, European postal services from Germany to Sweden to Switzerland have reinvented themselves over the past decade as multifaceted delivery and information companies tailored to the virtual age. Though Deutsche Post by law still delivers to every address six days a week, it has jettisoned tens of thousands of buildings, 100,000 positions and its traditional focus on paper mail. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The boundaries of Occupy Wall Street expanded beyond Zuccotti Park over the weekend, as a splinter group briefly took over an art gallery in SoHo. On Saturday, during a talk about conceptual art at the gallery, Georgia Sagri, a Greek artist, suddenly rose and shouted out, ''This is an occupation,'' witnesses said. About a dozen other people joined Ms. Sagri in declaring the gallery, Artists Space, an autonomous zone. They handed out fliers and taped pieces of pink paper to a wall headed ''Rules of the Space.'' [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Not long ago, Julia Fischer of the German Primate Center in Gottingen was amused to witness two of her distinguished male colleagues preening about a topic very different from the standard academic peacock points -- papers published, grants secured, competitors made to look foolish. ''One of them said proudly, 'I have three children,' '' Dr. Fischer recalled. ''The other one replied, 'Well, I have four children.' [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The heavyweight champion Vitali Klitschko will have a significant size advantage when he defends his title Saturday night against Albert Sosnowski in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. Klitschko, the World Boxing Council titleholder, weighed 247 pounds; Sosnowski weighed 224. The fight at Veltins Arena will be the fifth for Klitschko (39-2, 37 knockouts) since he returned from an injury that sidelined him for most of four years. Sosnowski (45-2-1, 27 knockouts) has a record that looks good on paper, but he has not faced anyone near the caliber of Klitschko. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The author presents the core concept of creating virtual lives within a web-based community as a basis for teaching college-level history. The example given is a German history course in which students drew an identity which would be theirs throughout the course. Students did extensive research and developed intense motivation during the project, and had their characters interact with details of history such as concentration camps and the Berlin Wall. Work was posted on the course web site.

The German police confirmed Thursday that a briefcase filled with documents discovered in Cairo belonged to the Nazi fugitive and concentration camp doctor Aribert Ferdinand Heim. The police could not confirm that he had died in Egypt in 1992 as witnesses there and in Germany said. Experts working for the police in the German state of Baden-Wurttemberg found evidence showing that the bag and the papers inside it, including personal letters, financial documents and medical records, must have been in a North African country for many years. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

BEFORE my Stryker squadron deployed to Iraq from Germany, the 500 of us cleaned up after ourselves. We spent a day removing every environmental trace of our training activities in the Bavarian heartland. Plastic and paper were sorted to comply with German recycling policies. Soil and plants contaminated by fuel leaks were dug up and placed in sealed bags. Depleted batteries were collected for proper disposal. We left our training grounds pristine. This was America's 21st-century military at work: soldiers are trained not only to battle insurgents but also to be good stewards of the environment. Sadly, during combat tours, we have forgotten the strict environmentally friendly procedures we practice in the United States or in host countries like Germany, Japan and South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

German authorities have received documents indicating the world's most-wanted Nazi fugitive died in Cairo in 1992, and they are investigating their authenticity, an official said Friday. The papers, which appear to have belonged to the concentration camp doctor Aribert Heim, were discovered by The New York Times and the German television station ZDF, both of which reported Dr. Heim's death last week. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

-- The paper next to the courtroom door announced the charge for the day's hearing in tiny type that hardly seemed equal to its gravity. ''Mord,'' it read in German. Murder. The accused waited with his lawyer, standing unsteadily, gripping a crutch with one arm. Josef Scheungraber, 90, is charged in the deaths of 14 Italian civilians in June 1944, when he was a lieutenant in the Wehrmacht. He is an accused war criminal, called to account more than six decades later. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

When Werner Berkling heard the news on Sept. 15 that Lehman Brothers had filed for bankruptcy protection, he started to worry. He searched for papers describing two securities that he had bought in February, worth a total of 35,000 euros, or $48,000. The document made clear that the investment bank firm was the guarantor of Mr. Berkling's investment. ''I read them back then,'' Mr. Berkling, a retired salesman, said. ''But the name Lehman Brothers meant nothing to me at the time.'' [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A leftist German newspaper provoked outrage and condemnation for printing what many readers called a racial slur about Senator Barack Obama. The newspaper, Die Tageszeitung, printed a front-page article about Mr. Obama's becoming the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee and used a photograph of the White House and the headline ''Uncle Barack's Cabin,'' in German, a reference to the antislavery novel ''Uncle Tom's Cabin'' by Harriet Beecher Stowe, which contains negative racial stereotypes. Editors at the newspaper said the headline was satirical and intended to provoke a discussion of race and politics, according to the online version of the leading German magazine Spiegel. The paper is known for standing up for foreigners, but also for crossing the line with articles critics say are in bad taste. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A traditional ham-and-egg sandwich called a strammer Max costs about $6 or $7 at a local greasy spoon here. But at Juan Amador's restaurant the sandwich -- along with a tube to sip a few drops of pork fat and smoked oil, followed by a quail's egg swaddled in paper-thin dough -- is part of a multicourse meal that runs about $240. Innovations like this one have earned the restaurant, Amador, three Michelin stars, the highest rating, and have drawn attention to a surprising development in the land of sauerkraut and sausage: Germany now has more three-star restaurants -- nine -- than any other European country except France. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Reports on the release of the documents at the National Archives, from the United States Office of Strategic Services, which included Nazi SS messages between Berlin, Germany and Rome, Italy in 1943. What the documents revealed about the British intelligence; Conversations included in the papers; Remarks from the author, Timothy Naftali.

Reports a German study on chimpanzees as genetically more diverse than humans. Reason for low diversity rate in humans; Examination of nuclear DNA focusing on a section of the X chromosome with low mutation rate; Study subjects; Implications on the human evolution.

Profiles Dr. Christiane Nusslein-Volhard, of the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Tubingen, Germany. Winning the Nobel Prize for work on the fruit fly; The criticism she received for papers on her laboratory's work; Her work with the zebra fish; What her work means to the study of human babies' development.

Provides information on the Jewish Museum Berlin in Germany and its permanent exhibition 'Two Millennia of German Jewish History,' which opened in October 2001. Purpose of the museum's establishment; Review of the exhibition; Background on the facility.

The article discusses the Faber-Castell pencil manufacturing company as of December 4, 2013, highlighting the company's long history of manufacturing pencils in Germany. Topics addressed include Bavarian Count Anton-Wolfgang von Faber-Castell's management of the company and its history of family ownership, Germany's trade surplus, and the prospects of the pencil industry.

The article profiles philosopher Hannah Arendt, who died in 1975 but is receiving lots of attention in 2006, the hundredth anniversary of her birth. Arendt is worshiped as a philosophical hero both because her writing was so influential and radiant and because there are very few notable American philosophers. The author discusses the strengths and weaknesses of her work, which is characterized by opaque thinking, and her opinions concerning the banality of evil and the Nazi party in Germany.

Criticizes the biography of Joseph Ratzinger before he became Pope Benedict XVI. Involvement of Ratzinger in the Hitler Youth movement in Germany; Information on his autobiography book, "Salt of the Earth"; Influence of Ratzinger's brother, Cardinal Michael Faulhaber, on the career chosen by Ratzinger.

Describes the author's pleasure in setting a dining table with luxurious plates, silver, glassware, and linen. Reference to a book by Suzanne Von Drachenfels, "The Art of the Table;" Porcelain plates manufactured by Königliche Porzellan-Manufaktur in Germany; Chrystal glassware by Baccarat from France; Linen napkins manufactured by the Irish Linen Company in London; English handmade silver by James Robinson Inc.; Importance of designs that enhance the food rather than overwhelm it; Tips concerning the purchase of the items.

Discusses comments and thoughts by W.E.B. Du Bois on Nazi Germany from his experience of a trip to the country in 1936. Lack of scholarly information on the trip; Du Bois' comparison of the Nazi regime's attitude toward the Jews with the state of African Americans in the United States; Du Bois' reason for the trip; His views on racial prejudice in Nazi Germany and his ability to see through Nazi propaganda; Need for further investigation into his 1936 journey to Germany.

Focuses on the Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg in Germany. Participation of the university in the European Consortium of Innovative Universities; `Interdisciplinarity' at the university; Introduction of the bachelor's-degree programs; Close links to local industry.

The article looks at professor and philosopher Martin Heidegger's hut, known as Die Hütte. The hut, completed in 1922, is located in the Black Forest mountains of southern Germany. According to Adam Sharr, a lecturer at the Welsh School of Architecture at Cardiff University, the hut was Heidegger's favored retreat from academe and the place he worked on many of his famous writings. In the book "Heidegger's Hut" Sharr examines the building's significance and the relationship between place and person. Sharr is aided by the work of photojournalist Digne Meller-Marcivicz, who visited the hut in the 1960s.

The article presents information on the hardships experienced by Jewish art dealer Max Stern. On September 17, 1937, Stern received a letter from the Third Reich which said that Stern was to liquidate his paintings by the end of the month, because Jews were forbidden to deal in art in Germany. The letter had been copied to the Gestapo. In the fall of 1937, he had to liquidate most of his collection in a single day, for far less than it was worth. Fleeing to London with nothing but a suitcase, Stern eventually started another gallery. But when Germany invaded France, three years later, the British government classified him as an "enemy alien" and interned him on the Isle of Man. When the British allowed him to move on to Canada, he had to spend two years in internment camps there. After his release, in 1943, Stern headed to Montreal. By the 1950s, Stern had reinvented himself, making his name in Montreal and a fortune as a dealer in sculpture. After the World War II, he tried to retrieve his confiscated paintings. But by the 1950s they had changed hands many times.

Presents updates on universities as of April 2003. Purpose of a bill adopted by Germany's Parliament concerning the distribution of copyrighted materials; Benefits of the bill to academics; Details of the imprisonment of the members of the independent-library movement in Cuba.

Reports on the Nazi Olympics in Germany in August 1936. Exclusion of non-German athletes from the national team; Reaction of visitors to German hospitality.

Presents news briefs concerning higher education as of November 2001. Accusation made by Arab leaders against Israeli government officials regarding the establishment of a public college for Israeli Arabs; Passage of legislation that would link compensation to performance for all professors in Germany; Support of the Chinese Education Ministry for efforts to build a network of community colleges.