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18 Bellerby 80cm Blue Cassini globe gores. All images are © Bellerby & Co. Limited 2023. For more information on Bellerby Globes, see https://bellerbyandco.com/

18 Bellerby 80cm Gararin globe gores. All images are © Bellerby & Co. Limited 2023. For more information on Bellerby Globes, see https://bellerbyandco.com/

18 Bellerby 80cm Gararin globe gores. All images are © Bellerby & Co. Limited 2023. For more information on Bellerby Globes, see https://bellerbyandco.com/

18 Bellerby 80cm Blue Cassini globe gores. All images are © Bellerby & Co. Limited 2023. For more information on Bellerby Globes, see https://bellerbyandco.com/

18 Bellerby 80cm Blue Cassini globe gores. All images are © Bellerby & Co. Limited 2023. For more information on Bellerby Globes, see https://bellerbyandco.com/

Suitable for use in a large lecture hall; viewable to and beyond 40 feet. Language(s): German. Map is paper on muslin. Mounted on wood rods. Prime Meridian is Greenwich. Projection is not specified. Topics include: topography, hydrography, ocean currents, pack Ice, cities (population), Internal/external political boundaries. Department of Geography, University of California at Berkeley, Call Number 500-A-2., Current editions available from http://www.klettmaps.com, UCBGEOG1, Current editions available from http://www.klettmaps.com UC Berkeley, Geography Department Call Number 500-A-2.

Date estimated., Date estimated. Color. Shaded relief. Robinson projection. Compliments of Disabled American Veterans.

Date estimated. Suitable for use in a large lecture hall; viewable to and beyond 40 feet. Language(s): German. Map is paper on muslin. Mounted on wood rods. Prime Meridian is Greenwich. Projection is not specified. Topics include: topography, hydrography, ocean currents, political boundaries, cities. Department of Geography, University of California at Berkeley, Call Number 31-A-1., Current editions available from http://www.klettmaps.com, UCBGEOG1, Current editions available from http://www.klettmaps.com UC Berkeley, Geography Department Call Number 31-A-1.

Three maps representing the North and South Poles: [Polo Nord.] -- [Antartide.] -- Costa orientale della Groenlandia Maps show political boundaries, topography, bodies of water, drainage, coastlines, islands, water depths, and expedition routes. Relief shown with hachures and color coding. Each map includes latitudinal and longitudinal lines, a bar scale given in kilometers, as well as scale statements; scales differ. Maps share a legend and descriptive text. Color lithograph. Map is 36 x 22 cm, on sheet 40 x 27 cm. Maps appear in Volume I., Grande atlante geografico : 102 tavole di geografia fisica, politica ed economica con 250 carte e cartine ed indice dei nomi by Mario Baratta and Luigi Visintin. Published by Istituto Geografico de Agostini in Novara, Italy, 1922. Title translates to: Large geographical atlas: 102 tables of physical, political and economic geography with 250 charts and maps and an index of names. In two volumes. The first volume includes a brown paper jacket with the title printed in blue on the cover and spine, with a maroon leather cover and matching fabric overlay and spine, gilt title and spine title. The second volume includes a maroon fabric cover, gilt title and spine title. Each volume include a title page, table of contents, and extensive index. Atlas covers the world and includes 304 maps across both volumes. Maps show political boundaries, cities, railways, roads, deserts, bodies of water, drainage, coastlines, and islands. Founded in Rome in 1901 by Giovanni De Agostini with the name "Primo Istituto Italiano di Cartografia", the primary title of the newly founded publishing house was the Atlante De Agostini Calendar. The idea was an immediately success. In 1908 the company moved to Novara, Italy, both because it was closer to Germany, from which De Agostini took his cartography equipment, and because the area had rapid industrial development. In 1919 the company was acquired by Marco Boroli and Cesare Rossi and began its climb to success. In 1922 the Great Geographical Atlas was released - the first great Italian atlas. From 1927, with the installation in Novara of the first rotogravure printing plant in Italy, the De Agostini Institute began to diversify its publishing activities: it inaugurated a series of illustrated books, entered the sector of school textbooks, and published a series of art books. In 1946, the company was taken over entirely by the Boroli family. In the 1950s, the company produced art editions, children's books and large encyclopedia volumes. From 1959 to 1970 sixteen large encyclopedias were produced and accompanied by the adoption of installment sales, an absolute novelty for the time. Starting in 1983, the company began to lead the industry with large, multi-volume works and school textbooks, gaining a leading position at a national level. It then began to acquire publishing houses operating in major European markets. Today, De Agostini Editore is currently one of the most well-known and important Italian publishing houses, operating in over thirty countries around the world in thirteen different languages. Its activities are focused on the promotion and dissemination of knowledge in all its forms. Historical notes courtesy Fondazione Fiera, Milan: https://archiviostorico.fondazionefiera.it/entita/1463-istituto-geografico-de-agostini

Polar projection in full color., Full color copy of the first atlas made in the United States to employ standard color on the maps; while the Carey 1795 American Atlas and the Carey 1811 General Atlas list color as an option on the title page, we have never seen any copies of a pre 1814 Carey atlas with original color - they may exist, but would be rare - color was first employed as standard in this 1814 edition - all copies that we have seen have been colored. The 1814 edition is almost entirely new, with most of the maps reengraved. The 1804 edition before this was essentially the same as the 1795 first edition. This 1815 edition changes two maps from the 1814 edition: North Carolina and the Russian Empire. The preface remains dated March 17th, 1814, the same as the 1814 edition preface. This 1815 edition should probably be called the 2.5 edition even though Carey does not label it as such, because Carey calls the 1818 edition the third edition and we call the 1814 edition the 2.0 edition. The Map of the United States is an updated copy of the U.S. map engraved by Henry Tanner that appeared in the first edition of Melish's Travels In the United States, published in 1812. A second Map of the United States of America by H.S. Tanner is tipped in after the standard U.S. map. It is from Tanner's 1812 College Atlas (see our 12139.009). Bound in quarter leather, brown paper covered boards. From Ruderman description: "An Extraordinary Full Original Color / Extra-Illustrated Example With An Important American Provenance The First Atlas in the United States With Standard Color on the Maps With Important Maps of the West (Including Texas) Beginning in 1814, Mathew Carey introduced several significant innovations to Carey's General Atlas. These included a new set of plates, replacing those in use since 1794-'96 in his American Atlas, General Atlas for Gutherie's Geography, and General Atlas. In addition, for the first time in America, Carey offered the atlas in original outline color, making it one of the earliest American color plate books and the first American Atlas to employ hand coloring. The present example, unlike the standard outline color, is offered here in full original wash color. This is only the second complete example of the atlas we have seen in full original color. In addition, the present example includes an extra map, A Map of the United States by H.S. Tanner, which was likely first issued in about 1822 or 1823 and intended to be folded into William Darby’s Universal Gazetteer, although the present example shows no signs of having been folded into another book. The present example bears an imprint date of 1815, which is also extremely rare. The maps in Carey's General Atlas represented a significant step forward in American cartographic content. Of particular note here is the map of the Missouri Territory, which incorporates recent information from Lewis & Clark (see below). Interestingly, this atlas was published 1814, the same year as the first edition of the official History of the Expedition under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark (Philadelphia, 1814), with its famous and influential map of Western America. In fact, Matthew Carey had published Patrick Gass's journal, the first book length work stemming from the Lewis & Clark expedition, in 1810: Carey's interest in geography and exploration ran deep and helped shape both his own writing as well as the titles he published. Significant in Carey's connection to the Lewis and Clark Expedition was his publication of Thomas Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia (1794)... containing a "Map of Virginia" by Samuel Lewis...Carey also hired Samuel Lewis, a skilled cartographer who later redrew William Clark's map of the American West... - The Literature of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, page 98. Carey is also considered America's first commercial publisher. In the lower margin of the first page of Carey's Prefatory Remarks is printed: (Price Fifteen Dollars), a princely sum in 1814 for an atlas or any book! Rumsey (4577) says of the 1814 edition of Carey's General Atlas: The first atlas made in the United States to employ standard color on the maps; while the Carey 1795 American Atlas and the Carey 1811 General Atlas list color as an option on the title page, we have never seen any copies of a pre 1814 Carey atlas with original color - they may exist, but would be rare - color was first employed as standard in this 1814 edition - all copies that we have seen have been colored. This edition is almost entirely new, with most of the maps reengraved. The 1804 edition before this was essentially the same as the 1795 first edition. The preface is dated March 17th, 1814. This edition should probably be called the second edition even though Carey does not label it as such, because Carey calls the 1818 edition the third edition. The Map of the United States is an updated copy of the U.S. map engraved by Henry Tanner that appeared in the first edition of Melish's Travels In the United States, published in 1812. This issue is late 1814. See our early 1814 for differences. Bound in quarter leather, brown paper covered boards. Likely Used by Fur Traders This 1814 Carey's General Atlas is among the small group of maps and atlases that Alson J. Smith has suggested were likely used by the fur traders and mountain men in their early western explorations in the West during the 1820s: Other maps of the day which the young partners [i.e. General Ashley, Jedidiah Smith, David Jackson, and William L. Sublette] may have had spread out before them on a rude table in a tent (Jedidiah Smith usually carried one) or an Indian lodge, with the drunken revelry of the rendezvous sounding about them, were M. Carey's General Atlas, Philadelphia, 1814 - Alson J. Smith, Men Against the Mountains, page 46. Samuel Lewis's map of Missouri Territory Formerly Louisiana - Freshly Influenced by Lewis and Clark: Lewis and Clark influence is apparent on the Upper Missouri and also along the Columbia. Missouri Territory extends west to the Pacific Coast, its probable northern and southern boundaries being shown by colored dotted lines. The northern line runs easterly from Mr. Rainier and includes most of the Columbia watershed, thence north of the Missouri drainage and including that of the Assiniboin (with its large lake), thence east to Lake of the Woods and south to the head of the Mississippi, which then forms the eastern boundary. The southern line leaves the coast just north of F. S. Francisco (whose Bay is not shown), thence easterly and slightly north of the headwaters of the Rio Grande, following south along the ridge east of that stream, southeast to the head of the Colorado (of Texas) and down that stream to the Gulf of Mexico at St. Bernardo B. The State of Louisiana (admitted 1812) appears near the north of the Mississippi - Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West 315. Mexico or New Spain (including Texas) Matthew Carey's double-page engraved map of Mexico includes Texas and New Mexico, and it is among the first regional maps of the Southwest and Mexico to be published in an American atlas. Published in the midst of Mexico's War of Independence (1809-1821), the map appears at a fascinating time in Mexico's history. Of note is that vast portion of Northern Texas, which is left blank, extending nearly to the Rio Grande River. As described below, this is almost certainly a direct result of the then raging political question over whether the United States had acquired Texas as part of the Louisiana Purchase (discussed below), in addition to the paucity of information available to mapmakers for a region which is here so conspicuously blank. Carey's map reflects the information from Alexander von Humboldt's seminal map of Mexico but pre-dates Pike's explorations. The map extends north to show Lake Timpanogos and covers most of Colorado and New Mexico, as well as providing details in Texas, including the naming of Bejax, Cibola, Provincia, S Josef, Nuestra Sra del Rosario, Galveston Bay, and the name Texas itself. The details along the Rio Grande and in Southern Arizona is also excellent. Historical Context of Carey's Mexico Map Carey's map was produced at time when the question of ownership of what would become Texas and New Mexico were still very much in dispute. In 1803 the United States acquired Louisiana from Napoleon Bonaparte, with the understanding that the purchase covered all territory ceded by France to Spain in 1762 and then back to France in 1800. As the line between France and Spain in the New World had never been clearly established, Thomas Jefferson's administration seized the opportunity to make the most of its claim to a vast, uninhibited, and largely unexplored land. Jefferson's vision is clearly reflected in the exploratory expeditions commissioned in the years immediately following the Louisiana Purchase. Within a few years of the purchase, Jefferson had authorized 4 expeditions to explore the newly acquired Territory. While the Lewis & Clark Expedition focused on the Northwestern portions the United States, the remaining 3 expeditions, The Dunbar Expedition (1804-1805), the Pike Expedition (1806-1807), and Red River (or Freeman-Custis) Expedition (1806) were all focused on lands that were the subject of competing Spanish claims, provoking diplomatic incidents as a result of American incursions into the disputed territory. While Jefferson's agents were busy testing the elastic boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase, the Spaniards were not idle. Wary of their new neighbor and fearful for their vulnerable possessions in Texas and New Mexico, Spanish officials in New Orleans and beyond hastened to establish their line of demarcation. The matter became even more complex when in December of 1803, the French Prefect of Louisiana, Pierre Clement de Laussat, declared that the western boundary of the Louisiana Purchase lay at the Rio Grande. In 1806, a military agreement was entered into between General James Wilkinson of the United States Army and General Simon Herrera of the Spanish forces, making the country between the Arroyo Hondo and the Sabine River temporarily neutral ground, over which neither the United States nor Spain should exercise political jurisdiction. The agreement was generally observed by both countries; the United States took possession of territory as far west as Natchitoches, while Spain maintained a small garrison at its eastern outpost, Nacogdoches. President Jefferson was convinced as early as 1804 that the territory included in the Louisiana Purchase extended to the Rio Grande. His insistence upon this and his efforts to promote the exploration of the western territory (to some of which Spain claimed unquestionable right), and the border dispute in the Sabine-Red River region, temporarily settled by the Wilkinson-Herrera agreement, brought the United States and Spain near to hostilities. Following a royal order issued in May 1805, Jose de Iturrigaray, the viceroy of New Spain, in January 1806, named Fray Melchior de Talamantes chief of an historical commission created to ascertain from all available sources the true boundaries of the provinces of Texas and Louisiana, before the latter was ceded to Spain in 1762. However, the arrest and deposition of Iturrigaray and the subsequent arrest of Talamantes for his separatist views by the Audiencia of Mexico in September 1808, interrupted the work of this commission. The following month, the Viceroy ad interim, Pedro de Garibay, appointed Fray Doctor Jose Antonio Pichardo (1748-1812), of the congregation of the Oratory of San Felipe Neri, to determine the historic limits of Louisiana and Texas. Over the next four years, Pichardo compiled a monumental defense of Spain's traditional Louisiana boundary with France. Pichardo's treatise was constructed as an argumentative historical treatise, intended to survey and describe "the true limits of the provinces of Louisiana and Texas." The purpose of the Treatise was to respond to and to disprove the claim of the United States that Texas was included in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. To augment his final report, Father Pichardo then created an elaborate new map, using only the most trustworthy sources--primarily the maps of Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville, a celebrated French geographer whom he regarded very highly, which he augmented with manuscript maps in the Spanish archives. Finally, the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 resolved the land ownership dispute by conceding the validity of Spain's Claims to Texas and the lands east of the Rio Grande, in exchange for Spain's abandonment of its historical claims to Oregon and Florida. North America According to Wheat the North America map is based on much earlier work (compared to the aforementioned Missouri Territory map); he points to its many striking geographic affinities to the North America maps by Tanner (1812) and Lucas (1812). The map includes nice pre-Lewis & Clark information in the Transmississippi West. The "Columbia or River of the West" flows to the R. Oregan, a vestige from the first half of the 18th Century, with a short portage over to a tributary of the Upper Mississippi River. A wide open, convenient passage through the Rocky Mountains accommodates this unusual feature. Apacheria is shown, along with the Pimas, Yuma and other Indian Tribes. On the West Coast, most of the major California harbors are shown, including San Pedro. The Rocky Mountains are still largely unknown south of the Canadian Border. A number of Indian Tribes located. The Northwest Coast reflects the recent discoveries of Vancouver and La Perouse. Decorative swash letter title. Illustrates the still naïve engraving style of American mapmakers in the early 19th Century. One of the most interesting atlas maps of North America from this period. Early American Map Showing Capt. Cook's Discoveries in the Pacific Carey's map of Cook's Discoveries in the Pacific and Hearn's discoveries west of the Hudson, in search of the Arctic Sea, represents one of the earliest appearances of Cook in a map published in America. Excellent conjectural NW Coast of America, predating Vancouver's voyage. Sandwich Islands are shown. Cook's route in each of the years is shown, as is Hearn's trek to the Arctic Sea. Summary In sum, a cornerstone American atlas issued at a critical moment in western borderlands history, by America's first commercial publisher. Provenance: Dr. Thomas Chalkey James (1766 - 1835) The atlas is from the original contents of Dawesfield, Lewis Lane, Ambler, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania - an iconic American farmhouse built by Abraham Dawes and by descent through generations of the female line. It served as the Revolutionary Headquarters of General George Washington from 20th October until 2nd November, 1777. The book is from the personal library of Dr. Thomas Chalkey James (1766 - 1835) (signature on front pastedown) who was married to Hannah née Morris. Dr James was a Philadelphia physician and joined the staff of Pennsylvania hospital. In 1810 he was elected professor of midwifery at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr James was a member of the American Philosophical Society, the librarian of the College of Physicians and a founder of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Adams, April 1, 2024 (including approximately 80 lots from Dawesfield House, of which 28 lots were from the Library of Thomas Chalkey James. Rarity The 1815 edition is extremely rare. ", P722, 1372., P722-57, 1372-57.

Map of Arctic region on folded sheet. Relief shown by gradient tints and spot heights. Depth shown by bathymetric tints, isolines and soundings. Includes routes of scientific expeditions to 1958 and legend., First edition of the Polish World Atlas prepared and printed by the Polish Army Topographical Service, chairman Teodor Naumienko. Contains 523 pages of loose-leaf color maps, including thematic as well as hundreds of physical and political maps, text, tables, figures, diagrams, and index. Includes pictures of the flag and a synopsis for each country, topographic features, political boundaries, major cities, towns, shipping routes with distances, roads, forests, rivers, and map symbols. Relief shown by gradient tints and spot heights. Depth shown by batymetric tints, isolines and soundings. Prime meridian: Greenwich. Post and screw binding coupled with frequent use of fold-out maps eliminates any problem with the gutter.

2 maps of Arctic and Antarctic on 1 sheet. Showing ocean currents, shipping and exploration routes. Relief shown by gradient tints and spot heights. Depths shown by bathymetric tints, isolines and soundings., First edition of the Atlas Mira (Atlas of the World) was published in 1954. Prepared under the cooperative editorship of A. N. Baranov; V. N. Lysiuk, S. I. Shurov and Sioviet Union. Main Directorate of Geodesy and Cartography; et al. A second edition of Atlas Mira was published also in English as "The World Atlas" in 1967, Pub list #: 1603.000, with fewer maps of the USSR. First edition published in 1954, it provides complete picture of Earth's hydrography, physical, political and administrative division, settlements, transport and communication. The atlas is divided into 4 main parts: 1- World maps. 2- Maps of the USSR. 3- Maps of the continents. 4- Maps of the Polar regions and Oceans. On the first page of the atlas is a vignette with a world map inside a five-pointed star, depicting the Soviet Union. On reverse of title Page “Издан по постановлению Совета Министров СССР" = Published by decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. The atlas consists of pages of editorial board, preface, table of contents and key to map symbols, with a duplicate sheet, and 283 maps in attractive full color with tints for elevation and sea depth values, most double page with title page and key map and notes. Showing political and administrative boundaries, capitals, major cities, regions, railways, major airports, air routes, submarine communication cables, shipping and exploration routes, distances, canals, rivers, lakes and forests. Bound in the embossed coat of arms of the USSR on the cover, and the title embossed in gold on the cover and on spine.

"This is the first edition with the name of Henricus Hondius on the title page. The Latin Atlas is enlarged with the same six new maps of French provinces as appeared in the 1619 French edition (1:113): (49) Saintonge, (54) Picardie, (55) Champagne, (56) Beauvais, (60) Bourbonnais, and (62) ~ercy. As in the 1619 French edition the 1585 Mercator map of France (map 46) is replaced by a 'new' one: Jodocus Hondius map of 1600, some copies of the 1623 edition have a later state of this map with the date altered to 1622. Mercator's map of Bohemia (map 106) is replaced by Blaeu's map of the same region." (Van der Krogt 1:105). This copy has unusually fine color. It was long held in a collection in Germany., Koeman Me 27A; van der Krogt 1:105

"A Handsome, Beautifully Colored Example, Employing A Rarely Seen Grisaille Color Scheme This sea atlas, produced by Frederick de Wit around 1690 in Amsterdam, is a beautiful example of late 17th-century Dutch cartography, comprising 27 double-page engraved maps with unusual and attractive original hand-color. Featuring a double-hemisphere world map (Nova Totius Terrarum Orbis Tabula, ex officina F. de Wit., Shirley 444) and a large folding map of Europe (Totius Europae Littora Novissme edita...), the atlas provides a detailed representation of the world's seas and continents as understood during a pivotal period of exploration and colonization. Frederick de Wit is recognized as one of the foremost map publishers of the second half of the 17th century, with his works prized for their clarity, detail, and aesthetic appeal. This is a rare, separate issue of De Wit's sea atlas, typically encountered as part of his larger atlas compilations. The atlas includes an allegorical engraved frontispiece from Johannes van Keulen's "Zee-Fakkel" and is complemented by six leaves of text, possibly added at an early date for a private collector. For this example of the atlas, the colorist employed an unusual artistic coloring style called "grisaille." While geographical features of the map are colored in a traditional scheme of the period, the cartouches are done in the grisaille style, employing blue-greys, and gold hues. Traditionally, the use of grisaille showcased the artists' mastery in tone and texture from the medieval era to the Renaissance. Among the earliest examples of this technique is the work of Giotto di Bondone, who employed grisaille in the lower registers of his frescoes in the Scrovegni Chapel, Padua, around 1304. This technique marked a departure from the flat styles of medieval art and foreshadowed the Italian Renaissance. In the 15th century, Early Dutch painters like Robert Campin and Jan van Eyck used grisaille on the exteriors of triptych wings, as seen in the Ghent Altarpiece, as a means of imitating the appearance of sculpture. Manuscript illuminators such as Jean Pucelle and Matthew Paris also utilized grisaille. Their work in pen and wash manuscripts with limited colors underscored texts and added dramatic depth. The Renaissance period saw Andrea Mantegna and Polidoro da Caravaggio adopting grisaille to mimic classical sculptures and Roman paintings, aligning with the era's classical revival. The style was employed in the 16th and 17th Century by Dutch artists such as Martin Heemskerck, Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Hendrik Goltzius, Adriaen van de Venne, and the circle of Rembrandt and Jan van Goyen. Portions of the Sistine Chapel's ceiling frescoes and Antonio Verrio's work on the great staircase at Hampton Court are notable examples of the use of grisaille in the Baroque period. As a means of highlighting the cartographic features of the map, the overall effect is quite appealing, and a further examination of this rare (if not unique) approach belongs in the annals of Golden Age Dutch map coloring. This convention is sometimes associated with the finer coloring of Andreas Cellarius's Harmonia Macrocosmica, and a less refined version of it is often seen in the Valk & Schenk edition of the same book. Folio. 17th- or 18th-century full-mottled calf, spine divided into compartments by gilt rules. Engraved allegorical title and text from a Van Keulen firm chart book. 27 engraved maps (26 by De Wit and 1 by Nicolas Visscher II) all of which in beautiful original hand-color, cartouches colored in several shades of grisaille, with cities heightened with gold. De Wit (1629 ca.-1706) was a mapmaker and mapseller who was born in Gouda but who worked and died in Amsterdam. He moved to the city in 1648, where he opened a printing operation under the name of The Three Crabs; later, he changed the name of his shop to The White Chart. From the 1660s onward, he published atlases with a variety of maps; he is best known for these atlases and his Dutch town maps. After Frederik’s death in 1706, his wife Maria ran the shop for four years before selling it. Their son, Franciscus, was a stockfish merchant and had no interest in the map shop. At the auction to liquidate the de Wit stock, most of the plates went to Pieter Mortier, whose firm eventually became Covens & Mortier, one of the biggest cartography houses of the eighteenth century., George Carhart, Frederick de Wit and the First Concise Reference Atlas, page 169, etc., Carhart C27.2 ca. 1689-90

"A Handsome, Beautifully Colored Example, Employing A Rarely Seen Grisaille Color Scheme This sea atlas, produced by Frederick de Wit around 1690 in Amsterdam, is a beautiful example of late 17th-century Dutch cartography, comprising 27 double-page engraved maps with unusual and attractive original hand-color. Featuring a double-hemisphere world map (Nova Totius Terrarum Orbis Tabula, ex officina F. de Wit., Shirley 444) and a large folding map of Europe (Totius Europae Littora Novissme edita...), the atlas provides a detailed representation of the world's seas and continents as understood during a pivotal period of exploration and colonization. Frederick de Wit is recognized as one of the foremost map publishers of the second half of the 17th century, with his works prized for their clarity, detail, and aesthetic appeal. This is a rare, separate issue of De Wit's sea atlas, typically encountered as part of his larger atlas compilations. The atlas includes an allegorical engraved frontispiece from Johannes van Keulen's "Zee-Fakkel" and is complemented by six leaves of text, possibly added at an early date for a private collector. For this example of the atlas, the colorist employed an unusual artistic coloring style called "grisaille." While geographical features of the map are colored in a traditional scheme of the period, the cartouches are done in the grisaille style, employing blue-greys, and gold hues. Traditionally, the use of grisaille showcased the artists' mastery in tone and texture from the medieval era to the Renaissance. Among the earliest examples of this technique is the work of Giotto di Bondone, who employed grisaille in the lower registers of his frescoes in the Scrovegni Chapel, Padua, around 1304. This technique marked a departure from the flat styles of medieval art and foreshadowed the Italian Renaissance. In the 15th century, Early Dutch painters like Robert Campin and Jan van Eyck used grisaille on the exteriors of triptych wings, as seen in the Ghent Altarpiece, as a means of imitating the appearance of sculpture. Manuscript illuminators such as Jean Pucelle and Matthew Paris also utilized grisaille. Their work in pen and wash manuscripts with limited colors underscored texts and added dramatic depth. The Renaissance period saw Andrea Mantegna and Polidoro da Caravaggio adopting grisaille to mimic classical sculptures and Roman paintings, aligning with the era's classical revival. The style was employed in the 16th and 17th Century by Dutch artists such as Martin Heemskerck, Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Hendrik Goltzius, Adriaen van de Venne, and the circle of Rembrandt and Jan van Goyen. Portions of the Sistine Chapel's ceiling frescoes and Antonio Verrio's work on the great staircase at Hampton Court are notable examples of the use of grisaille in the Baroque period. As a means of highlighting the cartographic features of the map, the overall effect is quite appealing, and a further examination of this rare (if not unique) approach belongs in the annals of Golden Age Dutch map coloring. This convention is sometimes associated with the finer coloring of Andreas Cellarius's Harmonia Macrocosmica, and a less refined version of it is often seen in the Valk & Schenk edition of the same book. Folio. 17th- or 18th-century full-mottled calf, spine divided into compartments by gilt rules. Engraved allegorical title and text from a Van Keulen firm chart book. 27 engraved maps (26 by De Wit and 1 by Nicolas Visscher II) all of which in beautiful original hand-color, cartouches colored in several shades of grisaille, with cities heightened with gold. De Wit (1629 ca.-1706) was a mapmaker and mapseller who was born in Gouda but who worked and died in Amsterdam. He moved to the city in 1648, where he opened a printing operation under the name of The Three Crabs; later, he changed the name of his shop to The White Chart. From the 1660s onward, he published atlases with a variety of maps; he is best known for these atlases and his Dutch town maps. After Frederik’s death in 1706, his wife Maria ran the shop for four years before selling it. Their son, Franciscus, was a stockfish merchant and had no interest in the map shop. At the auction to liquidate the de Wit stock, most of the plates went to Pieter Mortier, whose firm eventually became Covens & Mortier, one of the biggest cartography houses of the eighteenth century., George Carhart, Frederick de Wit and the First Concise Reference Atlas, page 169, etc., Carhart P1.7 ca. 1689-90

Date estimated from text., Jacques Mercier was an important French commercial artist who made several maps for the series 7 Jours which appeared in a French magazine of unknown title.

Date estimated from text., Jacques Mercier was an important French commercial artist who made several maps for the series 7 Jours which appeared in a French magazine of unknown title.

Date estimated., "Detailed map of the Arctic Regions, with notes on the exploration of the region. The map and legend locate the expeditions of 16 explorers including John Ross, James Ross, Parry, Franklin & Richardso, Beechey, Back, Dease & Simpson, Rae, Austin, Penny, Kennedy, Inglefield, McClure and Belcher. Wyld dedicates the map to Lady Franklin, widow of the Arctic explorer Sir John Franklin. The map was apparently issued prior to McClintock's voyage aboard the Fox in 1857-1859, sponsored by Lady Franklin, which finally located evidence of the location of Franklin's death." (Ruderman, 2023)

Date estimated., "Detailed map of the Arctic Regions, with notes on the exploration of the region. The map and legend locate the expeditions of 16 explorers including John Ross, James Ross, Parry, Franklin & Richardso, Beechey, Back, Dease & Simpson, Rae, Austin, Penny, Kennedy, Inglefield, McClure and Belcher. Wyld dedicates the map to Lady Franklin, widow of the Arctic explorer Sir John Franklin. The map was apparently issued prior to McClintock's voyage aboard the Fox in 1857-1859, sponsored by Lady Franklin, which finally located evidence of the location of Franklin's death." (Ruderman, 2023)

Outline hand color engraved map of Russia in Asia and Arctic region. Inset: Complement des regions polaires boréales. In upper right margin: "Atlas Universel Pl. 26.", Physical and political atlas of the world, by Adrien Hubert Brue, containing maps of ancient and modern geography. Published in Paris, by J. Goujon, Geographer-Editor. Unusual edition of Brue's Atlas, complete with its 36 maps on heavy paper, dated between 1762 and 1825 and supplementary 8 maps, in addition to the 36 plates. including: Comparative and figurative table of the height of the main mountains … 1829; La Palestine 1767; 3 plates from an atlas of Africa (nos. 1, 3 and 2); Plate no. 59 United States of Mexico, 1830, and plates nos. 64-65, South America, 1828-1830. Maps are engraved hand color in outline. Most maps double page, with title cartouche, some on multiple plates. Showing political and administrative boundaries, cities, towns, roads, exploration routes, rovers, canals and mountains. Relief shown by hachures and pictorially. Depth shown by soundings. Prime meridian: Ferro and Paris.

Bristol, published by the author as the act directs, March 25th 1788., "A New Earth Instrument -- The Ge-Organon -- By The Prolific Mathematician, Mapmaker and Inventor of Navigational Objects Benjamin Donn Fascinating "new instrument invented by [Donn] for the study of geography," one of a number of map and navigation objects created by Donn during his career in Bristol in the second half of the 18th Century. Benjamin Donn was both a prolific writer, mathematical instructor and seemingly an inventor of new devices for navigation and the use of maps, globes and similar instruments. He taught courses to mariners and published several works on mathematical instruction. As noted by van Poelje: A number of articles from his hand have appeared, in the “Gentleman’s Magazine” and the “Mathematical Repository”, during the second half of the 18th century on subjects like a Davis’ Quadrant, an Orrery, lunar and tidal instruments and an “Analemma”, “Panorganon” or “Georganon” for solving “Problems of the Globe”. In his 1796 book “An Essay in Mechanical Geometry”, he informs the reader that " ...from 1766 to the present time I have invented mechanical aids to the most important propositions in Geometry, 50 schemes and models in card-paper, wood and metal." Donn was active in designing, and also in selling his instruments at his Academy: the production of his designs he had delegated to instrument makers and engravers. While best known for his award winning 1765 County Map of Devon, Donn produced a number of other maps while in Bristol. Among his more fascinating undertakings, Donn proposed improvements on the Analemma, a variation on what is known as the Standard Gunter Rule for recurring navigational calculations, and a Panorganon and Ge-Organon, intended to be reliable means of calculating geographical distances and times without the use of a globe. His Ge-Organon would seem to be a continuation of his prior work on a Panorganon ("for Solving the Common Problems of the Terrestrial Globe) . The Panoragon (a type of horary quadrant) seems to have been described as early as 1672 in William Leybourn's Panorganon: or, an universal instrument, performing all such conclusions geometrical and astronomical as are usually wrought by the globes, spheres, sectors, quadrants, [&c.] . Like the Ge-Organon, it seems not to have been a commercial success, with the only recorded surviving example being in the collection of the Clements Library at the University of Michigan. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/w/wcl1ic/x-5574/WCL005651 https://quod.lib.umich.edu/w/wcl1ic/x-5573/WCL005650 Published in about 1770, the Panorganon seems to have received sufficient interest that it was also advertised as being sold by Robert Sayer, along with B. Law, and Heath & Wing. The advertising on the the Panorganon notes that Donn's Improved Analemma was then being sold by Mount & Page. By 1788, it seems that Donn had significantly enlarged and refined his original Panorganon and re-imagined it as a Ge-Organon. Donn has now incorporated the voyages of James Cook, as well as two patrons (who were also sisters), the Countess of Talbot (Charlotte (Hill) Talbot (1754-1804) and the Countess of Salisbury (Emily Mary Cecil) (1750-1835). The Ge-Organon seems to provides a detailed explanation of its use. A note at the bottom left of the 1st Sheet states: This Instrument, Price 6s. 6d. Sheets will not only serve the common purposes of a Map of the World, but will also solve several Problems of the Terrestrial Globe, more accurately then the Globe itself. It may be fitted up in a general manner with moveable plates for 3sh, and 6d. additional expense. A Description and Use is published, pr. 1s. The work was first advertised in the Bath Chronicle on May 1, 1788: "The Ge-organon" or World Delineated" on 2 sheets Royal paper by Benj Donne, teacher of Maths & Philosophy at Bristol, 6s 6d in sheets, or on pasteboard, with hour circles & painted 10s. From Mr Bull, Mr Hazard, Mr Marshall (all Bath) The use of the Ge-organon was described in The Critical Review, or Annals of Literature, Volume 66 (1789) and Deutsche Zeitschriften des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts, Volume 1 (1789) The Critical Review review is as follows: The Use of the Ge-Organon and Improved Analemma; or, Substitutes for the Terrestrial and Celestial Globe. Invented by B. Donne, Teacher of the Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Bristol. Price of the Ge-Organon in Sheets , 6s. 6d. but if fitted up with moveable Hour Circles, &c. 10s. Of the Analemma, 35. 6d. and of this Pamphlet, 1s. Published by the Author. THE instrument described in this pamphlet, and here called a Ge Organon, consists principally of maps, on two sheets of royal paper, each containing an orthographic projection of a hemisphere, namely, the northern and southern hemispheres, on the plane of the equator, and consequently having the pole in the middle, the meridians as radii from the pole or centre, and the parallels of latitude as concentric circles. Besides these two principal maps, there are, at the corners of the sheets, two smaller ones, being charts of the eastern and western halves of the torrid zone ; and from other appendages; as first, in the upper right hand corner of the hemispheres, are scales for shewing, by inspection , the sun's declination, answering to any day of the month ; secondly, in the right-hand corner, at the bottom of the northern hemisphere, is a scale, made in form of a carpenter's square, for finding the distances of places; with a quarter point of a compass for finding the courses, which, as it is there made, answers the end of a whole compass ; also to the pole of each hemisphere, one end of a fine silken cord is fixed, serving the purpose of a general meridian ; and the hemispheres, when fitted up, have also moveable hour-circles, for more readily resolving problems concerning the difference in time between two places, &c. Without the equator are several concentric circles, contained in a kind of ring, or hoop, called the equatorial ring, and coloured, for sake of distinction. In this ring the longitude is counted several ways, to answer different purposes: it has the longitude counted from the meridian of London half round each way, viz. 180 degrees east, and the same west, according to the method followed by most of the English: it is also counted all round east from London, agreeable to captain Cook's last voyage: and in the outermost part it is counted all round the world east from the island of Ferro, to agree with the method chiefly followed by the French, and some among the English. The equatorial ring is also divided into hours and minutes. And Captain Cook's tracks, in his three voyages round the world, are laid down on both hemispheres, and distinctly coloured. The title Ge Organon, is from two Greek words, Ge, the earth, and organon, an organ or instrument ; thereby intimating that it is a machine representing, and for resolving problems relating to, the earth: indeed it performs this office, for the most part, as readily as the globes themselves , and sometimes even with more accuracy than these do. On docount of their portableness they are, on many occasons, preferable to the globes. The general principles of working problems are the same, both on the globes and the ge-organon; only, as the general or brazen meridian is fixed, and the globe moveable, the given place is brought to that meridian; but in the ge-organon, the plates being fixed, and the silken cord, which represents a general meridian, being moveable, it is brought to the place. Also, on most globes, the hour-circle being fixed , and the index moveable, the index is set to the given hour; but here the hour-circle itself is moveable, and carries the index, which is set to the hour. There is, however, one thing in these maps which we cannot approve of, namely, that, from the nature of the orthographic projection , and the great extent of the maps, being each half the surface of the earth, the places near the equator are exceedingly distorted , and thrown out of their natural position and true shape. The author, indeed, was aware of this objection: he \says , It may perhaps be objected , that the degrees of latitude diminish very much towards the equator, and consequently the places near it will be much shorter from north to south, than they are with respect to their breadth from east to wet, on the globe. In answer to this, it is well known to those who are well acquainted with the subject , that it is impossible, on any principle of perspective, to observe the real proportional magnitudes in a delineation on paper. That we must judge of their length and breadth by the number of degrees they extend, and not from their apparent magnitude. If the stereographic projection had been made use of, the degrees would have been shorter near the pole, and wider as they approached the equator. There is an arbitrary projection sometimes used , called the globular projection, not founded on any principle of perspective ; but to make the places appear nearly of the same apparent magnitude as they are on the globe; and if it had been designed only to have made a picture, this would have been preferred. The preference has been given to the first, or orthographic progression, in constructing the ge-organon ; principally, because the degrees of longitude, or distance of meridians, decrease in this as they approach the pole, in the same proportion as they really do on the globe, which is peculiar to this projection, and very naturally explains the nature of parallel sailing in navigation. I have said thus much, to take off the cavils of some ignorant critics; who, not seeing the advantage of this projection, might possibly be glad to point out its defects. However, I think it not worth while to spend any more time on this head; and therefore shall only observe farther, that as it is principally near the equator that the degrees of latitude are much contracted in this projection, making the land appear very different in figure, &c. from what it is on the globe, I have, to remedy that defect, given two charts of the torrid zone, as above mentioned, containing all the land between the parallels of 23 degrees 28 minutes north latitude, and 23 degrees 28 minutes south, in as true proportion as on the globes; which \serves also to \shew how the two hemispheres connect together. We have thus given the author's own reasons for preferring this sort of projection, which so much distorts the figures of many places, that, so far from conveying a true idea of the figure of them, they occasion one that is incorrect; and we recommend it to the author's consideration, whether, as such instruments are only intended to give ideas of the figure, size, and position of places, as well as an approximate solution of problems relating to geography and navigation, rather than true ones, for any real practical uses; whether, we say, these things being considered, it would not be best to use the globular projection, or some other convenient method, by which the deviations from the truth may not only be as little as possible, but also nearly equal both in all parts of the map, and the same in longitude as in latitude. As to the uses here described , of the Ge-Organon and Analemma, they are numerous, distinct , and well explained in a variety of problems, which may be as easily performed on them as on the globes themselves. And, we may add, some of these problems are new and curious. C. Rarity While the Ge-Organon seems to have enjoyed a robust sponsorship, it appears no known examples survived until the discovery of this example in 2022. We note no record of the object at auction or in dealer catalogs. Benjamin Donn Biography Benjamin Donn (aka Benjamin Donne), was a British cartographer, surveyor and mathematician Donn was born into a family of respected mathematicians, including his father and older brother. Gentleman's Magazine (No. 74, p499) called his father George "one of the best teachers of arithmetic, navigation and dialling, in his time." In 1768, Donn was elected librarian of the Bristol Library, where he unsuccessfully proposed to convert the library into a mathematical academy. Late, he founded his own private mathematical academy in Bristol. Donn’s is best known for his 1765 large wall map of Devonshire, based a survey which he undertook at his own expense, and which won the award of £100 from the Royal Society for the Arts. He produced a number of other local and regional maps, as well as several "scientific" charts, including The Analemma Improved by B Donn, in 1770, and his virtually unrecorded Ge-Organon. He also published mathematical texts likely related to his mathematical school in Bristol." (Ruderman, 2023), Hans: New Trends in Education in the Eighteenth Century (2013). Van Poelje: The Navigation Scale, Improved by B. Donn, Journal of the Oughtred Society, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2005).

"This is an extraordinary privately assembled encyclopaedia, focused on Mecca as the Navel of the World. Written in manuscript in thin black and red pens in Ottoman language, it contains over 580 pages of manuscript in tiny characters, sometimes accompanied with charts, over 380 manuscript maps, made with extreme care in precision in colours and with gold and silver highlights, over 225 prints from magazines, books, atlases and other sources from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, often joined in collages and compositions with hand-drawn maps. The maps are made with a greatest precision in well planned configuration. The colours are carefully applied to give an instant effect of a modern data visualisation. The gilt highlights and small details in black ink express the author’s endless patience and dedication to the project. The manuscripts, maps and illustrations are tastefully and carefully joined together thematically in foldouts and pamphlets, bound together with linen or paper stripes or strings. Shorter subjects and uncut plates also appear as separate leaves. We could count 217 such separate units. The whole collection is housed in three charming boxes, possibly made by the author from commercial boxes and leftovers of the linen, which he used for drawings of some of the maps. The anonymous author, doubtless a Muslim intellectual, took the information from the contemporary sources and atlases and smartly combined them in his own unique compositions. He also often added his own annotations, colouring and keys to the prints, which he took from the books and magazines. The manuscripts give an impression of a coherent collection, which was probably never meant for a publication. It was possibly an author private project, to which he dedicated years or decades of his life. It is possible that the collection was meant for a private education. Focus on Mecca The maps with geographic, historic and thematic data focus on the Arabian Peninsula with Mecca as a center. Throughout the series the city is often smartly positioned in the middle of the folds, to give the impression, that the world and around it opens like a flower. In the collection we could trace approximately 23 maps, where Mecca is represented in the central point of the world, 24 maps showcasing only the Arabian Peninsula or parts of it or / and the Red Sea, circa 25 maps of Mecca or/and its surroundings and sketches of the Kaaba and 11 views and prints of Mecca. The latter ones have been taken from other publications and integrated into the encyclopaedia by the author. Medina is represented with two manuscript maps and 8 views. The views here are as well taken from other publications. Separate pamphlets also focus on the history of the Arabian Peninsula and the history of its inhabitants with a chart on the tribes of Arabia. With this work the author geographically represented Mecca as the central point, a navel of the global culture and history from the ancient times up to the present days. Other Subjects The pamphlets and fold-outs are bound together thematically and represent the cultures, history and geography of the World from its beginnings until the early 20th century. The manuscript units with maps, charts and illustrations describe subjects such as geology, time through the Ottoman time charts, astronomy and astrology, ancient cultures and monuments (Babylon, Mesopotamia, Ancient Greece, Baalbek etc.), old geographic representations, such as Tabula Peutingeriana and parts of Fra Mauro’s map, America on old maps, discoveries on America and later discoveries and explorations, thematic maps of the world and parts of the world etc. A large portion of the maps is dedicated to the Mediterranean Basement (ca 152 maps) and the Balkans, with the large Ottoman battles. The other maps focus on Asia, America (ca 5 maps of North America, 2 maps of Central America), other continents and the whole world (27 maps of the world). The author seems unattached an ambivalent to Istanbul and Turkey, as the region is almost neglected in the manuscripts, which is the opposite of the contemporary glorification of the newly founded Turkey and the magnificent history of Istanbul. Also hardly represented are the African regions, including the Muslim ones. It is possible, that the author spent most of his life on the Arabian Peninsula and was not attached to the cultural and political center Istanbul. Authorship and Date The author of the work is not signed, neither are the maps dated. According to the attached note, the collection was allegedly connected with the family of the Turkish writer Ahmed Cemil Akıncı (1914-1984). His father and a possible author, Abdürrahim Hilmi Bey (Sipahizâde) was of Sipahi origins from Rumelia and was educated at the Fatih Madrasa in Istanbul. Hilmi Bey was in charge for the railway and education in Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Hejaz, where he spent a large part of his life. This would explain the author’s unattachment to Istanbul and Turkey. The paper, style and material of the boxes indicate the late 1910s and 1920s. Some of the maps confirm this period of time: a series of thematic world maps (possibly drafted after a contemporary Ottoman atlas) showcase the world in 1915 (1331 Rumi years). An illustration from a magazine, representing a map A Child’s Map of the Ancient World, by Alice York and Ilonka Karasz, was published in 1926. It is the youngest dated document, which we could trace in the collection. References: Unrecorded. [S. l., s. d. Possibly Ottoman Empire / Turkey, late 1910s-1920s]. A magnificent hand-written privately assembled encyclopaedia of the World, affectionately assembled and curated by an enlightened Muslim scholar in the last years of the Ottoman Empire, with over 580 text pages and 380 hand drawn detailed maps with gilt highlights, represents Mecca as the Navel of the World and the connecting point between the ancient civilisations and culture and the modern East and West. Collation: 3 red privately custom-made boxes, constructed of thick card with red linen surface with debossed lettering and decoration, patterned paper mounted inside, each with a black cloth loop with a knot, edges originally reinforced with linen, some linen parts with details of manuscript maps, 9 x 14 x 20 cm (3.5 x 5.5 x 7.8 inches). The boxes contain: - 217 separate units of fold-outs (leporellos), pamphlets and maps composed of sheets of paper, privately joined with straps of linen, sporadically also with stripes of paper or bound together with a sting. Most units with 4-8 pp., but also single sheet units and pamphlets with up to 16 pp. manuscript text. Most of the text accompanied with manuscript maps, mostly mounted verso. Some manuscript maps on loose linen waxed paper. Also includes sporadic single prints from books and magazines and postcards, not edited by the author. - The 217 units include: - - Over 580 manuscript text pages, some with charts in text, plus additional text comments and keys. Black and red ink on paper of various quality and thick card, each 18 x 11,5 cm (7 x 4.5 inches) when folded. - - More than 380 manuscript maps, including multiple maps on one sheet and folding maps. The maps are mostly mounted or drawn on cards on the inner side of the fold-outs and pamphlets, on the back of the text sheets. Some manuscript maps on loose waxed linen paper sheets. Most of the maps are ornated with gilt highlights. Black, purple and red ink and water colours on paper and linen paper, from 18 x 11,5 cm to 18 x 44 cm (7 x 4.5 inches to 7 x 17.3 inches), mostly mounted on the back of text pages, but also loose sheets. - - More than 225 prints, mostly mounted in compositions with maps, pictorial panels and more than 35 collages. The prints of various, mostly small sizes include maps, lithographs, chromolithographs, steel engravings, wood-cuts, postcards (cut and uncut), photo-reproductions, illustrations from books and magazines etc. Some prints (mostly illustrations from books and postcards) are added as unedited and uncut sheets. The prints have been taken from mostly Ottoman, but also German, French and English publications. Various techniques, some with manuscript annotations in black ink or with hand colour. - Additional unsorted sheets of manuscript and illustrations. Condition report: Boxes with some staining and minor wear on the edges, manuscripts and maps overall in a good clean condition with minor staining, foxing and wear. Sporadic maps and manuscripts are left unfinished." (Alexander Johnson and Dasa Pahor, 2020)

A complete group of 43 aeronautical chart maps covering the entire world during World War II. A detailed source of information on location of civilian and military airports and related activities. Maps date from 1943 to 1946. Shows geographic features, elevation with color scale, seaplane and landplane bases, military and civilian airfields, limited landing strips, large cities, towns, villages, international boundaries state boundaries, main roads, important trails, railroads, canals, etc. (Antiquarian, 2022)

A complete group of 43 aeronautical chart maps covering the entire world during World War II. A detailed source of information on location of civilian and military airports and related activities. Maps date from 1943 to 1946. Shows geographic features, elevation with color scale, seaplane and landplane bases, military and civilian airfields, limited landing strips, large cities, towns, villages, international boundaries state boundaries, main roads, important trails, railroads, canals, etc. (Antiquarian, 2022)

A complete group of 43 aeronautical chart maps covering the entire world during World War II. A detailed source of information on location of civilian and military airports and related activities. Maps date from 1943 to 1946. Shows geographic features, elevation with color scale, seaplane and landplane bases, military and civilian airfields, limited landing strips, large cities, towns, villages, international boundaries state boundaries, main roads, important trails, railroads, canals, etc. (Antiquarian, 2022)

2 maps of Arctic and Antarctic on 1 sheet. Showing ocean currents, shipping and exploration routes. Relief shown by gradient tints and spot heights. Depths shown by bathymetric tints, isolines and soundings., First edition of the Atlas Mira (Atlas of the World) was published in 1954. Prepared under the cooperative editorship of A. N. Baranov; V. N. Lysiuk, S. I. Shurov and Sioviet Union. Main Directorate of Geodesy and Cartography; et al. A second edition of Atlas Mira was published also in English as "The World Atlas" in 1967, Pub list #: 1603.000, with fewer maps of the USSR. First edition published in 1954, it provides complete picture of Earth's hydrography, physical, political and administrative division, settlements, transport and communication. The atlas is divided into 4 main parts: 1- World maps. 2- Maps of the USSR. 3- Maps of the continents. 4- Maps of the Polar regions and Oceans. On the first page of the atlas is a vignette with a world map inside a five-pointed star, depicting the Soviet Union. On reverse of title Page “Издан по постановлению Совета Министров СССР" = Published by decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. The atlas consists of pages of editorial board, preface, table of contents and key to map symbols, with a duplicate sheet, and 283 maps in attractive full color with tints for elevation and sea depth values, most double page with title page and key map and notes. Showing political and administrative boundaries, capitals, major cities, regions, railways, major airports, air routes, submarine communication cables, shipping and exploration routes, distances, canals, rivers, lakes and forests. Bound in the embossed coat of arms of the USSR on the cover, and the title embossed in gold on the cover and on spine.

Three historical maps representing the Arctic, featuring voyages of exploration from the Untied States, from 1850 to 1968. Maps show the routes of explorers, bodies of water, coastlines and islands. Maps include legends, as well as a scale statement. Presented with Azimuthal Equal Area Polar Projection. Colored lithograph. Together, maps are 42 x 31 cm, on sheet 49 x 35 cm. Accompanying descriptive text on page 129. Maps appear in Special subject maps section, subsection History., The national atlas of the United States of America, by the United States Geological Survey; published in Washington D. C., 1970. Bound in navy blue board, with title printed in silver on both front cover and spine. Accompanied by envelope with six overlay sheets, tucked between final page and back cover of volume. Collation: [i-vi], vii-xiii, [1], 2-417, A1, A2, B1, B2, C, D. Atlas contains 770 maps and 18 charts. Includes a dedication, foreward, list of contributors, introduction, table of contents and index to map subjects. Topic covered: physical geography, history, economics, culture, administrative boundaries and cartography. In addition, atlas also provides maps of the world, as related to the United States. Maps show political boundaries, cities, railways, roads, topography, bodies of water, glaciers, drainage, coastlines, islands, water depths and time zones. Topical maps feature other details, such as history, geology, climate, agriculture, population, racial demographics (including indigenous peoples), religion, language and transportation. Some maps use data visualization to further illustrate geographical information, with charts overlaid upon the landscape. "Adapted from "About The National Atlas of the United States of America," by the U.S. Geological Survey: The National Atlas of the United States of America was published in 1970. It was designed to be of practical use to decision makers in government and business, and for planners and research scholars as well as others needing to visualize country-wide distributional patterns and relationships between environmental phenomena and human activities. The National Atlas represents the principal characteristics of the country in 1970, including its physical features, historical evolution, economic activities, sociocultural conditions, administrative subdivisions, and place in world affairs. Various federal agencies, professional organizations, and commercial firms had advocated producing a National Atlas of the United States of America, but the magnitude of the task and the scope of the research required deterred those who would begin it. Late in 1954, the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council established a Committee on the National Atlas of the United States, with representatives from several federal mapmaking agencies. The committee's primary responsibilities were to coordinate all federal agencies that would be involved in producing the atlas and to ensure uniform quality in its cartography. This proved to be a nearly impossible task, and consequently in 1961 the committee terminated itself. In so doing it recommended that the atlas be completed by one federal agency, preferably the Geological Survey in the U.S. Department of the Interior. In March of 1961, the Secretary of the Interior accepted the challenge. Congress appropriated funds to begin work on the National Atlas in 1963, and on reimbursable loan the Library of Congress made available the chief of its Geography and Map Division, Dr. Arch C. Gerlach, to serve as editor. Eighty-four agencies and bureaus appointed liaison officers to the National Atlas Project, base maps were prepared at four scales, and an advisory group of eminent cartographers and geographers collaborated to formulate fundamental design principles and specifications. The first part of the National Atlas is devoted to general reference maps that contain most of the forty-one thousand place names recorded in the index. These maps were included for the convenience of readers wanting basic locational information. In the thematic section of the National Atlas, separate subdivisions deal with the country's physical, historical, economic, and socio-cultural characteristics. The maps in this portion of the atlas represent the relationships between human beings and their environment while offering scientific bases for analyzing the nation's economic development in 1970. The National Atlas proved to be the last paper atlas of this magnitude produced by the federal government."

"Rare pair of maps (see our 10997.000 for the Southern Hemisphere) showing the northern and southern hemispheres on a polar projection and illustrating magnetic variation with isogonic lines, based upon the observations of Nicolaas Van Ewyk, a captain in the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1750. This is almost certainly the earliest example of isogonic lines covering the entire globe, as well as the first to cover the poles. It improves on the work of other savants like Halley and Van Musschenbroeck. The hemispheres mark longitude in their outer circle. There is another circle just inside this one with numbers from one to twenty, ascending and descending as one travels east to west. These are measurements of magnetic variation; the lines radiating from them are isogonic lines, showing places where that variation is equal. A double line runs through the chart; it splits the variation readings between northwest and northeast, like a geomagnetic prime meridian. On both hemispheres, the magnetic pole is marked. In the north, a letter “N” marks the spot, in Hudson’s Bay. In the south, the pole is marked with a letter “Z” and is located just inside the eastern edge of the Antarctic Circle. These conventions are explained in French and Dutch in the lower corners. The maps were by Nicolas van Ewyk, a captain in the VOC who hoped these maps would be a “very useful light for navigation and physics,” as he states in the maps’ titles. Van Ewyk commanded voyages to the East Indies, making navigational observations as he sailed. The geography of the maps is also of interest. There is no southern continent and Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania) and New Zealand are just unfinished coast lines, awaiting further exploration. The Australian coastline nearly connects to New Guinea; it is peppered with toponyms based on Dutch interactions over the course of the seventeenth century. The southern hemisphere is covered in isogonic lines, but it is also ringed in several ships’ tracks. These include the 1738-9 voyage of Bouvet de Lozier. On this voyage in the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans Bouvet de Lozier sighted land, which he called Cap de la Circoncision, and reported massive icebergs at sea. Also here is Edmond Halley’s track. Halley convinced the British Admiralty to give him a ship, the Paramore, to use as a mobile laboratory for studying magnetic variation on three voyages at the turn of the eighteenth century. On his second voyage, Halley took the Paramore into the Southern Atlantic, as seen here. While there, he nearly lost his ship to the soaring icebergs he encountered. Nearby is the route of William Dampier in 1700. Dampier was the first person to circumnavigate the world three times. In doing so, he named the island of New Britain, off New Guinea, which is seen here. In Australia, he gave the name Sharks Bay (here Scharks bay). He also provided one of the earliest printed descriptions of Aboriginal peoples in Europe. Unfortunately, it was not a positive description, shaping harmful stereotypes for centuries to come. In the Pacific are the lines of the voyages of Mendaña (1568 and 1595) and Ferdinand de Quiros in search of the Solomon Islands and the great southern continent in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. On his 1605 voyage, Quiros encountered what he called Austrialia de Espiritu Santo, which is actually Vanuatu. The exaggerated landmass is marked prominently on this map. Magellan’s historic inaugural circumnavigation route, which passes through the Straits of Magellan, departs westward from the Straits. The voyage of Schouten and Le Maire is also marked, a circumnavigation in 1615-6 that found an alternative route to the Pacific, bypassing the Straits of the Magellan. The Dutchmen went instead around Cape Horn. Crossing between the hemispheres is the trans-Pacific route of Anson. Commodore George Anson completed a circumnavigation as part of a bellicose voyage to harass Spanish trade in the Pacific from 1740 to 1744. Although he lost 1,500 of his 1,900 men and five of his six ships, Anson managed to capture the Acapulco treasure galleon off the coast of the Philippines. Anson’s track is the only one in the northern hemisphere. Although there are unfinished coastlines near the North Pole, the difficulty of passing from Atlantic to Pacific in the icy waters is clear. However, there are possible passages suggested, via Baffin’s Bay or around Greenland. The extent of Terre de la Compagnie in the North Pacific is also left unsettled. The History of Geomagnetism The maps show an interim stage in the measurement and illustration of geomagnetism. Humans have known for centuries that there was a magnetic property to metals, and to navigation. Polarity and orientation were first recorded in China in the sixth century; they also recorded the first compasses, a needle floating in a bowl of water, in the twelfth century. This technique for finding direction was also developed in Europe in the Medieval period. The first maps to include an inkling of declination are markings on German sundials from the mid-fifteenth century. Soon mapmakers adopted the convention, including declination markings on their wind roses. Until the sixteenth century, the seat of magnetic attraction was thought to be housed in the heavens. In the early modern period, more and more data was gathered. This data was collected by navigators at sea and consisted of magnetic inclination, declination, and deviation. The former, also known as magnetic dip or the dip angle, is the angle made with the horizontal by the Earth’s magnetic fields. Magnetic declination, or variation, is the angle on a horizontal plane between magnetic and true north. Magnetic deviation is the affect of local magnetic fields on compass error. Directional data led savants to conclude that these phenomena varied considerably based on one’s location. They found there was terrestrial polar attraction, creating waves, or lines, of magnetic variation across the globe. More data also shifted understanding of the source of magnetic variety. As more and more ships took to the open seas, they contributed new data sets. Many found magnetic declination to be zero near the Azores, suggesting that it was a natural prime meridian from which to measure longitude. A tilted dipole was thought to lie 180°E of the Azores, affected by the great magnetic mountain that supposedly lay in the Arctic—it appears famously on Mercator’s map of the North Pole. While this idea was mistaken, as were other hypotheses of two and up to six dipoles, the ideas of an Earth-bound source for magnetism, and of terrestrial locations for the magnetic poles, were not. The first map to show isogonic lines—lines connecting points of equal declination—was a manuscript chart by the Jesuit Christoforo Borro; made in the 1620s, which is now lost. The seventeenth century was an important period in the theorization of geomagnetism; William Gilbert and others contributed to the ideas of global crustal heterogeneity, rather than a single Arctic magnetic pole. Observations conducted over time at a single point also showed that there was a temporal element to magnetic readings. Precisely why these changes occurred was what drove Edmond Halley to conduct the first naval surveys of magnetic declination in the 1690s. In the eighteenth century, isogonic lines such as those employed by Halley would become a useful tool for those eager to crack the secrets of geomagnetism. They appeared on maps by Frezier (1717), Van Musschenbroeck (1729, 1744), van Ewyk (1752), Mountaine and Dodson (1744, 1756), Dunn (1775), Lambert (1777), and Le Monnier (1778). The first map to include isoclinics, or lines of equal dip, was made by Johann Karl Wilcke in 1768. Towards the end of the century, John Churchman, a surveyor, published a magnetic atlas that employed both isogonics and isoclinics. They called on a huge amount of data gathered on shore by national observatories and local natural philosophers, as well as at sea by naval officers and Company employees. All of this information led to the abandonment of the idea of even multiple fixed poles and gave way to an understanding of shifting magnetism based on disjointed dipoles that were dynamic, tilted, and non antipodal. From the 1830s, astronomers and physicists became the primary gatherers of data. They measured the full magnetic vector; that is, they recorded both the direction and intensity of magnetism. These surveys allowed them to map the field as a whole, a process that accelerated in the mid-twentieth century when scientists were able to carry out various magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Rarity The maps are rare, with only two institutional examples holding the pair of maps. Several institutions only have one of the hemispheres; for example, according to OCLC, the northern hemisphere map is held at the Staatliche Bibliothek Regensburg and the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. The southern hemisphere is held at the BNF and the Danish National Library. Both hemispheres are held at the National Library of Australia and Harvard. We also note the existence of the Northern Hemisphere only which includes a panel of text in English below the main map in the collection of the National Library of Australia and National Library of Denmark." (Ruderman, 2022), May and Holder, A History of Marine Navigation (Henley-on-Thames: G T Foulis & Co Ltd, 1973), 166-7; Art R. T. Jonkers, “History of Geomagnetism,” in Encyclopedia of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, Gubbins D., Herrero-Bervera E. (eds) (Dordrecht: Springer, 2007). For a description of one of van Ewyk’s voyages for the VOC, from 1742-5, see Bruin et al., Dutch Asiatic Shipping (The Hague: Martinus Nijhof, 1979).

For full text of the publication see https://archive.org/details/polarexploration0000unse/page/n5/mode/2up

For full text of the publication see https://archive.org/details/polarexploration0000unse/page/n5/mode/2up

3 Color maps on folded sheet, showing not stop civil flights of the heroes of the Soviet Union; Transarctic flight USA-USSR; Transarctic flight of the heroes of the soviet union. Includes text., 1936 statistical album of the social construction of the USSR. Compiled on the basis of the state organization and national economic year 1935 and the plan of 1936. The statistical data given in comparison with the previous years of socialist construction where it is comparable, with pre-revolutionary years. Produced under general guidance and edited by A.D. Berezin; A.A. Arkadev, G.N. Serebrennikov; I.P. Ivanitskiy; Ts. Ia Ershovoy; A.A. Karavan; V.M. Podgornovoy; I,G. Sherman; P. Ia, Karachentsev. Drawing and cartography by Artistic Workshop Institute Izostat, by artists: Dobrokovskogo; Karachemtseva; Sherman; I.G.; Moora; Kurganova; Govorkogo. The material presented in the album is divided into following five sections: Public structure. 2. Industry, 3. Transport, 4. Agriculture, 5. Growth of the material living standards and cultural level of workers. Published in Moscow by the Izostat Institute of the USSR State Planning Committee, also known as the All-Union Institute of Pictorial Statistics of Soviet Construction and Economy. In 219 pages, exhibits a groundbreaking style of graphs and illustrations, includes many photographs, maps, portraits, statistical diagrams, pictograms most in color and text. Hard gray embossed cover, in slip case. See our 13675.000 for an abbreviated version of this atlas translated into English and distributed at the 1939 World's Fair in New York.

Pictorial map, showing the development of the Soviet Arctic. Includes legend., 1936 statistical album of the social construction of the USSR. Compiled on the basis of the state organization and national economic year 1935 and the plan of 1936. The statistical data given in comparison with the previous years of socialist construction where it is comparable, with pre-revolutionary years. Produced under general guidance and edited by A.D. Berezin; A.A. Arkadev, G.N. Serebrennikov; I.P. Ivanitskiy; Ts. Ia Ershovoy; A.A. Karavan; V.M. Podgornovoy; I,G. Sherman; P. Ia, Karachentsev. Drawing and cartography by Artistic Workshop Institute Izostat, by artists: Dobrokovskogo; Karachemtseva; Sherman; I.G.; Moora; Kurganova; Govorkogo. The material presented in the album is divided into following five sections: Public structure. 2. Industry, 3. Transport, 4. Agriculture, 5. Growth of the material living standards and cultural level of workers. Published in Moscow by the Izostat Institute of the USSR State Planning Committee, also known as the All-Union Institute of Pictorial Statistics of Soviet Construction and Economy. In 219 pages, exhibits a groundbreaking style of graphs and illustrations, includes many photographs, maps, portraits, statistical diagrams, pictograms most in color and text. Hard gray embossed cover, in slip case. See our 13675.000 for an abbreviated version of this atlas translated into English and distributed at the 1939 World's Fair in New York.

Statistical pictograms and diagrams, showing the development of the sea cargo transportation in the Soviet Arctic. Includes view of the Arctic Sea., 1936 statistical album of the social construction of the USSR. Compiled on the basis of the state organization and national economic year 1935 and the plan of 1936. The statistical data given in comparison with the previous years of socialist construction where it is comparable, with pre-revolutionary years. Produced under general guidance and edited by A.D. Berezin; A.A. Arkadev, G.N. Serebrennikov; I.P. Ivanitskiy; Ts. Ia Ershovoy; A.A. Karavan; V.M. Podgornovoy; I,G. Sherman; P. Ia, Karachentsev. Drawing and cartography by Artistic Workshop Institute Izostat, by artists: Dobrokovskogo; Karachemtseva; Sherman; I.G.; Moora; Kurganova; Govorkogo. The material presented in the album is divided into following five sections: Public structure. 2. Industry, 3. Transport, 4. Agriculture, 5. Growth of the material living standards and cultural level of workers. Published in Moscow by the Izostat Institute of the USSR State Planning Committee, also known as the All-Union Institute of Pictorial Statistics of Soviet Construction and Economy. In 219 pages, exhibits a groundbreaking style of graphs and illustrations, includes many photographs, maps, portraits, statistical diagrams, pictograms most in color and text. Hard gray embossed cover, in slip case. See our 13675.000 for an abbreviated version of this atlas translated into English and distributed at the 1939 World's Fair in New York.

"This is the first edition with the name of Henricus Hondius on the title page. The Latin Atlas is enlarged with the same six new maps of French provinces as appeared in the 1619 French edition (1:113): (49) Saintonge, (54) Picardie, (55) Champagne, (56) Beauvais, (60) Bourbonnais, and (62) ~ercy. As in the 1619 French edition the 1585 Mercator map of France (map 46) is replaced by a 'new' one: Jodocus Hondius map of 1600, some copies of the 1623 edition have a later state of this map with the date altered to 1622. Mercator's map of Bohemia (map 106) is replaced by Blaeu's map of the same region." (Van der Krogt 1:105). This copy has unusually fine color. It was long held in a collection in Germany., Koeman Me 27A; van der Krogt 1:105

First issued in 1816. Engraved hand colored outline map. Shows Canada, Alaska, northern Asia and northern Europe with north coast of Greenland undefined. Includes key indicating the unknown polar regions, the extent of drift ice, the northern tree line and extent of human occupation. Relief shown by hachure. Prime meridians are Greenwich and Ferro. New edition of 1832., In 1832 a 63 map edition was advertised to be issued in 6 parts. See P6039 for further details. This 1834 issue appears to be the same as the 1832 issue with 63 maps. The Stieler Hand Atlas was often issued with different numbers of maps, tailored to fit the customer's specific needs. With hand painted full and outline color. Sheets are not bound, they have been removed from original damaged binding for conservation. All maps have additional page numbers in the upper right corner saying Neue Ausgabe No... with the prior edition number under it., cfP6039

Has relief maps of U.S. states and Continents. The relief maps here are on separate pages - they also appear in the 1908 Indexed Atlas of the World, but put in the text pages and surrounded by text. Full printed color. In volume 1, individual map titles typically begin, "The Rand McNally New Commercial Atlas Map of". State maps include list of railroads which are keyed to map. In volume 2, individual map titles typically begin, "The Rand McNally New Library Atlas Map of". The (International) "Index to Maps" portion of the atlas was not scanned., P3637b.

Two maps on one sheet., Has relief maps of U.S. states and Continents. The relief maps here are on separate pages - they also appear in the 1908 Indexed Atlas of the World, but put in the text pages and surrounded by text. Full printed color. In volume 1, individual map titles typically begin, "The Rand McNally New Commercial Atlas Map of". State maps include list of railroads which are keyed to map. In volume 2, individual map titles typically begin, "The Rand McNally New Library Atlas Map of". The (International) "Index to Maps" portion of the atlas was not scanned., P3637b.

Color. Relief shown by hachures. U.S. and N.A. maps show 1st Colorado territory. Also shows narrow, long, Nebraska. New Mexico and Utah map still shows Colona for Colorado.

With a diameter of 43 inches, these 24 gores form the largest printed globe produced in the 19th century.Dimensions are sheet size., 24 globe gores on thin paper. Adolf Henze (1814-1883) was an important printing innovator, best known for Chirogrammatomantie. He published a number of numismatic, economic and scientific works as well as a huge terrestrial globe. Beginning in 1865, Henze published the magazine  ‘Illustrierter Anzeiger für Contor und Bureau’. Between 1885 and 1890 the magazine included at irregular  intervals the segments for a 106 cm large impressive German terrestrial globe. The completed strips could, if sent to the publisher, for a fee, be mounted onto a  sphere or supplied with a pneumatic kit to enable home assembly by inflation. "A TERRESTRIAL GLOBE 106 cm BY ADOLF HENZE, LEIPZIG 1891. A specimen of this globe can be found in the Duke of Ftirstenberg's castle In Donaueschingen near the source of the Danube. It stands In a collection of varia amongst penguins and pelicans, In the department of natural history. Coincidentally another one is in the director's room of the Museum of Natural History In Vienna. This globe, which Henze's publishers called a "giant globe", has an unusual origin. The publishers were engaged in numismatics and, beginning In 1865; edited a magazine entitled lllustrlrter Anzeiger fur Cantor und Bureau" (Illustrated magazine for office and premises). It was printed six times a year by Breitkopf & Haertl of Leipzig. It answered the merchant's questions about exchange rates, postal rules, new railway lines; dishonored bills and bonds, and copyright and patent matters and also gave descriptions of newly Issued coins. Particularly amusing to read were the stories of frauds. To make the magazine more attractive and to encourage continued subscription, supplements such as maps and conversion tables were included at no cost. In irregular intervals between 1885 and 1890 the 24 gores and 2 polar caps for a globe were added as supplements. These colour lithographs had been calculated for a globe of 106 cm diameter. The title reads "Henze's Erd-Globus Im Verhaltnis wie 1 : 12 Milllonen zur naturlichen Grosse" (Henze's Terrestrial Globe, Scale 1 : 12 mtll. to Natural Size) The patience of the subscribers was severely tried as ft took almost 6 years to collect the gores. The editors offered a folder to collect the gores. Then, In December 1890 the editors offered to make a globe out of the gores if the complete set was sent back. The cost was 30 Marks for a globe mounted on a stand, 27 marks for a sphere with pneumatic pump and 6 Marks for a ''balloon." New gores for section 1 through 4 were used (i.e. 0° to 60° East), showing the new German colonies In Africa. Official permission was given In January 1893 to sell the globe to non-sub-scribers. The new partially Improved globe cost from 70 to 75 Marks, depending upon the mounting. This price was much lower than the well known large globes of Reimer which measured 80 cm In diameter and cost between 210 and 396 Marks. Henze's globes were on sale in different forms (e.g. with a base, or to be hung from the ceiling, with a meridian and on axis; and with a lifting device). For the globe with base a space of about 2 x 2 m was required. The pneumatic globe, having a center rod, could be easily blown up within 2 minutes and the process could be repeated. No explanation for the inflation of such a globe has required, It could stand on a box, for example. Once this globe was varnished; it could not be deflated completely., but could be carried through doors of common width. From 1894 onwards another type was offered. A 54 x 31 cm box held an inflatible globe, which could easily be stored together with a box containing a pneumatic pump. Everything was durable and of the finest quality The fix mounted globes were made in two halves for easier transportation and were connected by 4 screws which protruded at the equator. In 1891 a handbook to accompany the globe appeared as a supplement to the magazine. The preface reads: The abnormal slze of the globe makes ft difficult to find places of given names. Therefore, an alphabetic list of all places with their coordinates and their locations on the gores is given. Some scientific and statistical information are noted as well to make the list less monotonous. The globe is In the scale of 1 : 12 mill. with gores printed In several colours on thin paper. The printing was done at Henze's workshop in Neustadt-Lelpzig. Growing commercial interest was taken into account; Telegraphic cables, ship lines with traveling time In days and hours, railroads .... especially the transcontinental ones In the USA and Siberia are shown on the gores of the first edition. Also shown were the African Free trade zones covering the later Kenya, German East-Africa, Burundi, Ruanda, the Congo plain, and the mouth of the Congo. After the establishment of the colonies the free trade in these zones was eliminated. On the mounted globes these free-zone boundaries cannot be found. Corrections were also made in the gores for German Southwest Africa on the exchanged gores. The drawing in regions where lesser commercial interest is presumed ore less exact (I.e. Greenland, North Canada and the Pacific Islands). In 1891 the date line was still shown between the Philippines and the Asiatic continent, although It was set at the current location In 1845. In 1889 the magazine had a distribution of 32,OOO. Occasionally one can find the attached gores at antique dealers. Mounted globes, due to their size, are apparently rare and only three specimens are known to the author. It would be of great Interest to know if globes of other diameters had been Issued by Henze." (Translation from German) (Werner Kummer, Journal for the Study of Globes and Related Instruments, 1990), Read two pages of magazine ‘Illustrierter Anzeiger für Contor und Bureau:" https://rumsey5.s3.amazonaws.com/Henze.pdf

With a diameter of 43 inches, these 24 gores form the largest printed globe produced in the 19th century.Dimensions are sheet size., 24 globe gores on thin paper. Adolf Henze (1814-1883) was an important printing innovator, best known for Chirogrammatomantie. He published a number of numismatic, economic and scientific works as well as a huge terrestrial globe. Beginning in 1865, Henze published the magazine  ‘Illustrierter Anzeiger für Contor und Bureau’. Between 1885 and 1890 the magazine included at irregular  intervals the segments for a 106 cm large impressive German terrestrial globe. The completed strips could, if sent to the publisher, for a fee, be mounted onto a  sphere or supplied with a pneumatic kit to enable home assembly by inflation. "A TERRESTRIAL GLOBE 106 cm BY ADOLF HENZE, LEIPZIG 1891. A specimen of this globe can be found in the Duke of Ftirstenberg's castle In Donaueschingen near the source of the Danube. It stands In a collection of varia amongst penguins and pelicans, In the department of natural history. Coincidentally another one is in the director's room of the Museum of Natural History In Vienna. This globe, which Henze's publishers called a "giant globe", has an unusual origin. The publishers were engaged in numismatics and, beginning In 1865; edited a magazine entitled lllustrlrter Anzeiger fur Cantor und Bureau" (Illustrated magazine for office and premises). It was printed six times a year by Breitkopf & Haertl of Leipzig. It answered the merchant's questions about exchange rates, postal rules, new railway lines; dishonored bills and bonds, and copyright and patent matters and also gave descriptions of newly Issued coins. Particularly amusing to read were the stories of frauds. To make the magazine more attractive and to encourage continued subscription, supplements such as maps and conversion tables were included at no cost. In irregular intervals between 1885 and 1890 the 24 gores and 2 polar caps for a globe were added as supplements. These colour lithographs had been calculated for a globe of 106 cm diameter. The title reads "Henze's Erd-Globus Im Verhaltnis wie 1 : 12 Milllonen zur naturlichen Grosse" (Henze's Terrestrial Globe, Scale 1 : 12 mtll. to Natural Size) The patience of the subscribers was severely tried as ft took almost 6 years to collect the gores. The editors offered a folder to collect the gores. Then, In December 1890 the editors offered to make a globe out of the gores if the complete set was sent back. The cost was 30 Marks for a globe mounted on a stand, 27 marks for a sphere with pneumatic pump and 6 Marks for a ''balloon." New gores for section 1 through 4 were used (i.e. 0° to 60° East), showing the new German colonies In Africa. Official permission was given In January 1893 to sell the globe to non-sub-scribers. The new partially Improved globe cost from 70 to 75 Marks, depending upon the mounting. This price was much lower than the well known large globes of Reimer which measured 80 cm In diameter and cost between 210 and 396 Marks. Henze's globes were on sale in different forms (e.g. with a base, or to be hung from the ceiling, with a meridian and on axis; and with a lifting device). For the globe with base a space of about 2 x 2 m was required. The pneumatic globe, having a center rod, could be easily blown up within 2 minutes and the process could be repeated. No explanation for the inflation of such a globe has required, It could stand on a box, for example. Once this globe was varnished; it could not be deflated completely., but could be carried through doors of common width. From 1894 onwards another type was offered. A 54 x 31 cm box held an inflatible globe, which could easily be stored together with a box containing a pneumatic pump. Everything was durable and of the finest quality The fix mounted globes were made in two halves for easier transportation and were connected by 4 screws which protruded at the equator. In 1891 a handbook to accompany the globe appeared as a supplement to the magazine. The preface reads: The abnormal slze of the globe makes ft difficult to find places of given names. Therefore, an alphabetic list of all places with their coordinates and their locations on the gores is given. Some scientific and statistical information are noted as well to make the list less monotonous. The globe is In the scale of 1 : 12 mill. with gores printed In several colours on thin paper. The printing was done at Henze's workshop in Neustadt-Lelpzig. Growing commercial interest was taken into account; Telegraphic cables, ship lines with traveling time In days and hours, railroads .... especially the transcontinental ones In the USA and Siberia are shown on the gores of the first edition. Also shown were the African Free trade zones covering the later Kenya, German East-Africa, Burundi, Ruanda, the Congo plain, and the mouth of the Congo. After the establishment of the colonies the free trade in these zones was eliminated. On the mounted globes these free-zone boundaries cannot be found. Corrections were also made in the gores for German Southwest Africa on the exchanged gores. The drawing in regions where lesser commercial interest is presumed ore less exact (I.e. Greenland, North Canada and the Pacific Islands). In 1891 the date line was still shown between the Philippines and the Asiatic continent, although It was set at the current location In 1845. In 1889 the magazine had a distribution of 32,OOO. Occasionally one can find the attached gores at antique dealers. Mounted globes, due to their size, are apparently rare and only three specimens are known to the author. It would be of great Interest to know if globes of other diameters had been Issued by Henze." (Translation from German) (Werner Kummer, Journal for the Study of Globes and Related Instruments, 1990), Read two pages of magazine ‘Illustrierter Anzeiger für Contor und Bureau:" https://rumsey5.s3.amazonaws.com/Henze.pdf

This is the second Mercator Hondius edition, after the first in 1606; editions of the Mercator Hondius atlas continued to 1641. Mercator published his edition of Ptolemy in 1578 (see our Bertius edition 11296.000), the first part of his atlas in 1585, and his son Rumold issued the first complete atlas in 1595, the year after Mercator's death. "The earliest biography on Mercator was already published in 1595, as part of the text in the Atlas. It was written by Walter Ghim, Lord Major of Duisburg, the place where Mercator spent half his lifetime. The following is mainly borrowed from Ghim, supplemented with information obtained from the many excellent articles published in Special Volume no. 6 of the Duisburger Forschungen, 1962... Gerard (Gerhard) Mercator was born on 5 March 1512 at Rupelmonde, Flanders, where his parents, both living in the county of Gillich (Jiilich), happened to be. He spent his childhood in Gillich and went to the University of Leuven where he was registered as 'a student without means' on 29 August 1530. He obtained a 'magisterii gradum' in 1532 but stayed at Leuven where he then devoted himself to the study of philosophy. The problems of the creation of the Universe and the Earth interested him in particular; this is reflected by his works, written in later years. As his personal opinions did not agree with the scholastic philosophy as lectured at Leuven, he left the city for Antwerp; where he could contemplate without being influenced. Convinced of the importance of exact sciences, for the study of the true configuration of the world, he returned to Leuven, ca. 1535, where he took courses in mathematics, both theoretical and practical, under the guidance of Gemma Frisius. Soon he was recognised as an expert on the construction of mathematical instruments, as a land-surveyor and, after 1537, as a cartographer. He drew his income from these activities after his marriage on 3 August 1536. He also qualified himself as a copper-engraver; he was the first in history to introduce the italic handwriting to this trade. A booklet on italic handwriting was written and published by him in 1540. The first maps, drawn and engraved by Gerard Mercator are: Map of Palestine, 1537; Map of the world in double heart-shaped projection, 1538; and Map of Flanders, 1540. One of the main sources of his income was derived from the construction and sale of globes. He must have learned the technique of globe-making in Leuven, i.a., from Gemma Frisius, whom he assisted with revisions of his globe in 1535 or 1536. The first copies of Mercator's terrestrial globe appeared in 1541. His celestial globe appeared in 1551; both had a diametre of 41 cm. Suddenly, in 1544, Mercator came into great danger: during a stay in Rupelmonde he was arrested on the accusation of heresy and put into jail. It seems that only his departure from Leuven had made him suspect. Thanks to intervention of the University of Leuven, he was released after four months. He returned to Leuven where he continued his work on the construction of geometrical instruments and globes until 1552, when he departed and moved with his family into the city of Duisburg; however, he kept into touch with authorities and friends in Belgium. His moving into Germany may have been influenced by the high degree of religious freedom which prevailed there. It is also likely that he was motivated by his knowledge of the plans of Duke William of Jiilich-Cleve-Berge to found a University in Duisburg. In 1560, Mercator became cosmographer in service of the Duke and in 1563 he became lecturer at the Grammar School. During the first ten years of his stay at Duisburg he was also often employed as a land-surveyor. The cartographical work of the Duisburg period comprises: the wall-map of Europe, 1554; the wall-map of Loraine, 1563-1564; the wall-map of the British Isles, 1564; and the famous map of the world with increasing latitudes, 1569. Although nowadays it is his best known work, this map on the projection named after Mercator got its recognition only after the publication of Edw. Wright's Certaine Errors in Navigation, 1599. In the same year 1569 his book Chronologica appeared, which was listed in the Index of forbidden works. About this time, Mercator was also working on the project for a complete description of the Creation, the Heavens, Earth, and Sea and a world history. Out of this resulted his Atlas, sive cosmographicae meditationes de fabrica mundi et fabricati .figura. The drawings of the maps, the cutting of the plates, and the writing of the text asked more of his time then he himself could afford. First of all he had to make a living from his practical work as an instrumentand globe-maker. In the preface to his Chronologia, he had already announced a work on geography consisting of the ancient maps of Ptolemy and of modern maps. This edition of Ptolemy's Geographia appeared in 1578; the first part of his book with modern maps (France, Germany and the Netherlands) appeared in 1585. Contrary to the maps in Abraham Ortelius's Theatrum orbis terrarum, Antwerp 1570, Mercator's maps are original. Abraham Ortelius did what most of the atlas-makers of our time are engaged in: the reduction and generalisation of already existing maps. Gerard Mercator, with his sense of scientific work (which should be original and new) checked the current knowledge of the configuration of the earth's topography against its fundamental sources and drew new maps in his original conception. This method of map-making took more time than it would have by mere copying. But he had not the intention to compete with Ortelius's best-selling atlas. As he grew older, engraving became more and more of an eye strain; it eventually led to an infection of his eyes, from which he fortunately recovered. Still working under the stress of a huge task (to be fulfilled before his powers should weaken), he lost his wife in 1586, after a marriage of fifty years. A few months afterwards he married the widow of the burgomaster Moer of Duisburg. Shortly after the publication of the second part of his map-book (not yet called Atlas) with the maps of Italy, i.a., in 1589, he had a stroke which brought an end to his extremely great productivity. The great man passed away on 2 December 1594, leaving the responsibility of finishing the map-book to his son Rumold. The final part of it appeared in 1595. Its title is Pars Altera and it constitutes an essential part of what was then called Mercator's Atlas. Two of Gerard Mercator's sons died before him: Arnold (1537-1587) and Bartholomeus (1540-1563). Apart from three daughters, he had another son, Rumold, who had assisted him in cartographical business. Rumold first went into the book-trade. He was an apprentice of Birckmann Heirs first in London, afterwards in Antwerp. The map of Europe and the world map in the Atlas are by Rumold's hand. He also made a wall-map of Germany, published in 1590. After Rumold's death in 1599, the Atlas was reissued once more in 1602. By the sale of the plates for the maps, both of the Ptolemy edition and the Atlas, to Jodocus Hondius of Amsterdam, Mercator's work won its proper fame. This sale took place in 1604; in the following year Hondius managed to bring out Ptolemy's Geographia. In the following year, 1606, the first Amsterdam edition of the Mercator Atlas appeared. From then to 1638, the Atlas saw many enlarged editions in various languages." (Koeman, Atlantes Neerlandici, vol II, p 281-282), Koeman Me 16; van der Krogt 1:102

Map of Arctic Region, with inset map of Erebus & Terror Bay in Nord Devon., 1875, 6th. edition of Stieler’s Hand atlas of the world and of the universe. Published by Justus Perthes of Gotha. It went through ten editions from 1816 to 1945. The first edition, published in 1817 by Stieler and Christian Gottlieb Reichard, with editions continuing well into the 20th century. This is the 6th. edition, with 90 maps dated 1871–75, edited by August Petermann, Hermann Berghaus and Carl Vogel. With additional set of special map of Australia on 9 sheets. This copy is a series of outline color unbound loose maps published in separate paper folders (several of which are included) over several years, placed in hard cover slip case. Some maps on multiple sheets. Maps showing political and administrative boundaries, cities, roads, railroads, canals, rivers, lakes, and mountains. Also showing European possessions and exploration routes. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights. Depths showing by soundings. Prime meridians: Greenwich, Ferro and Paris. Includes legend, text, profiles, and color coded references. All scans made at 800ppi because the loose maps could be scanned though the sheet scanner at higher resolution than the overhead camera scanner for bound atlases.

This plate was originally published in 1595 in the posthumous part III of Mercator's Atlas. Verso: Latin text, 'Polus Arcticus Ac Terrarum Circumiacention descriptio' "The rare first state of Mercator's map of the North Polar regions, the first separately-published map of the North Polar Regions. It shows the North Pole surrounded by four islands, an iconic representation. It is also a telling documentation of the prevalent geographic theories of the time. Although best known for the projection named for him, Gerard Mercator was also the first cartographer to create an Arctic map. In fact, this was due in part to his famous projection. The Mercator projection sacrifices accuracy at the poles for navigational utility and efficiency. This map, the first stand-alone map devoted to the Arctic regions, is drawn from an inset on his famous world map of 1569—a clarification of the Arctic region that was so distorted on the larger world map. Mercator's classic map of the Arctic is in hemispherical form and framed by four medallions and a handsome floral border. The map extends thirty degrees in radius to sixty degrees N latitude—ten degrees wider in radius than the original inset. The pole itself is made up of four islands, which myth had it were separated by four strong flowing rivers. These carried the oceans of the world towards a giant whirlpool at the pole where there stood a large rock, labeled here as “Rupes Nigra et Altissima.” An account of this myth in Mercator's own hand still exists in a letter from the cartographer to John Dee. It is based in part on a report by the traveler Jocobus Cnoyen van Herzogenbusch describing a lost fourteenth-century work, Inventio Fortunata. The Fortuna tells the story of an English friar who traveled to the northern regions. It also mentions pygmies, which Mercator places on one of the four islands. Although many believed the rock at the North Pole to be magnetic, Mercator preferred to place a magnetic rock near the Strait of Anian, possibly in an attempt to explain magnetic variation. The idea of a whirlpool was also seemingly supported by the recent voyages of Martin Frobisher and John Davis, who both reported strong currents pushing massive icebergs along with ease. The map shows Greenland, Iceland, and the mythical island of Frisland. The northern most portions of Asia, Europe, and America cluster at the edges of the hemisphere, with California identified as a Spanish territory and labeled far north of its usual location. The Biblical land of Gog, usually associated with Tartary, is shown in Asia, just across the Strait of Anian. Three of the four medallions contain inset maps of the Faeroe Isles, the Shetland Isles, and Frisland. The fourth contains the title. States of the map There are two states of this map, of which this is an example of the first. The first state, which is the rarer of the two, was first published in 1595, appeared in the third part of the atlas Atlantis Pars Altera. It was published by Rumold, Gerard’s son, as Gerard had died in 1594. It shows the four islands as complete; Nova Zembla is also shown as clearly delineated into two halves. This state was printed in another edition at Duisburg in 1602. In 1604, the plates changed hands when they were purchased by Jodocus Hondius. Hondius refreshed and reworked the plates, creating a new state first published in Amsterdam in 1606. This state has the pygmy island (the island in the lower right) with an incomplete coastline. Nova Zembla is now one island, but its coastline is also now incomplete. Arctic possibilities in the sixteenth century The Arctic was an area of intense interest to Europeans in the early modern period. Thanks to Columbus’ voyages in the late fifteenth century and the increase in trade volume with the East Indies in the sixteenth century, all European powers sought faster and easier access to Asian, and especially Chinese, markets. The Arctic was assumed to contain a passage to the Pacific, and therefore China, if only it could be found by Europeans explorers willing to brave the cold North. One possible location of the passage was known as the Strait of Anian; here, it is the “El Streto de Anian.” Anian derives from Ania, a Chinese province on a large gulf mentioned in Marco Polo’s travels (ch. 5, book 3). The gulf Polo described was actually the Gulf of Tonkin, but the province’s description was transposed from Vietnam to the northwest coast of North America. The first map to do so was Giacomo Gastaldi’s world map of 1562, followed by Zaltieri and Mercator in 1567. It appeared on maps until the mid-eighteenth century. Many expeditions set off in search of the fabled passage(s). The most recent for Mercator were the aforementioned expeditions led by Frobisher and Davis. Frobisher was the first Englishman to set off in search of the Northwest Passage. With the backing of the Muscovy Company, Frobisher ventured north three times between 1576 and 1578; each time he made it as far as northeast Canada. He carried a copy of Mercator’s 1569 world map on board with him and Mercator in turn incorporated his discoveries, including Frobisher’s Strait (“Fretum Forbolshers”) in this later work. John Davis was the second Englishman to sail for the Passage. He left in 1585 and explored what is now known as Cumberland Sound and is written here as “E. Cumberlands Isles.” He did not find the passage but left his mark on the area with the Davis Strait, which Mercator also included. Frisland and the Zeno map Mercator includes the island of Frisland on the main map and also as an inset. This island originated from the Zeno map, which Mercator had also used in his 1569 world map. That map is also the inspiration for the outline of Greenland as shown here. The story goes that Nicolo Zeno set off in 1380 for England and Flanders. He adventured in northern waters for decades before eventually returning to his native Venice, where he died around 1403. While away, Nicolo and his brother, Antonio, were supposedly in the service of King Zichmi of the island of Frisland. News of the discoveries and the first version of the Zeno map was published in 1558 by another Nicolo Zeno, a descendent of the navigator brothers. Nicolo the Younger published letters he had found in his family holdings, one from Nicolo to Antonio and another from Antonio to their other brother, Carlo, who served with distinction in the Venetian Navy. They were published under the title Dello Scoprimento dell’isole Frislanda, Eslanda, Engrouelanda, Estotilanda, & Icaria, fatto sotto il Polo Artico, da due Fratelli Zeni (On the Discovery of the Island of Frisland, Eslanda, Engroenland, Estotiland & Icaria, made by two Zen Brothers under the Arctic Pole) (Venice: Francesco Marcolini, 1558)." (Ruderman) At the time of publication, the account attracted little to no suspicion; it was no more and no less fantastic than most other voyage and travel accounts of the time. Girolamo Ruscelli published a version of the Zeno map in 1561, only three years after it appeared in Zeno’s original work. Mercator then used the map as a source for his 1569 world map and for this map of the North Pole. Ortelius used the Zeno islands in his map of the North Atlantic. Ramusio included them in his Delle Navigationo (1583), as did Hakluyt in his Divers Voyages (1582) and Principal Navigations (1600), and Purchas (with some reservation) in his Pilgrimes (1625). Frisland appeared on regional maps of the North Atlantic until the eighteenth century. Today the Zeno Map is by and large accepted as a fabrication. Mercator’s four polar islands were abandoned by colleagues by the 1630s, while the supposed Northwest Passage managed to elude explorers until recently. No matter its accuracy, and perhaps because of the fascinating details it contains, this first stand-alone map of the North Pole is a cartographic milestone and would make up an important part of any Arctic collection., Burden, 88; Shirley, 119; Chat Van Duzer, “The Mythic Geography of the Northern Polar Regions: Inventio fortunata and Buddhist Cosmology”, Culturas Populares. Revista Electronica 2 (2006); Edward Brooke-Hitching, The Phantom Atlas: The Greatest Myths, Lies and Blunders on Maps (London: Simon & Schuster, 2016); Richard I. Ruggles, “The Cartographic Lure of the Northwest Passage: Its Real and Imaginary Geography,” in Meta Incognita: A Discourse of Discovery; Martin Frobisher’s Arctic Expeditions, 1576-1578, edited by Thomas H. B. Symons (Hull, Quebec: Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1999), vol. I, 179-256.

In two volumes; one pagination. Volume 1, The World. Volume 2, Europe. Originally published in 1658, there were six editions in French up to 1688 and perhaps later ones published by Du Val's widow. Other editions in German. An extensive geography of the entire world.

Countries in full color. Shows names of principal arctic navigators and dates of exploration., First issued in 1887, this atlas is the successor to John Arrowsmith's London Atlas of 1858 (Stanford acquired Arrowsmith's plates upon his death). The first issue of the second edition appeared in 1893, with updated second editions of 1896, 1898, and this 1901. The third edition was issued in 1904 (see our #949) and Phillips (mistakenly) shows the next and last edition as 1928--actually 1931 according to Herbert in Imago Mundi p. 120. This is a magnificent atlas, in full color lithography, certainly the premier atlas of its day. Relief shown by hachures., cf P1029 (1898 ed.), World (1894, 1904 eds.); Herbert, F. Imago Mundi 41 (1989), p. (98)-123 and Association of Canadian Map Libraries Bulletin no. 62 (March 1987), 1-16.

Circular double page engraved map, hand colored in outline. Relief shown pictorially. Prime meridian is Greenwich., Wyld’s general atlas in 58 pages, with engraved title and contents within decorative border printed in green. Contains 55 engraved maps, most dated 1838, hand color in outline, mostly double page and some folded, three engraved comparative charts of mountains and rivers and itinerary measures. Bound in red grained morocco, incorporating original marbled paper covered boards, original engraved title label on the front cover, and title “Wyld’s general atlas” in gilt in on spine. Atlas containing very detailed maps of the world with an emphasis on Europe, but with several important maps showing the Americas, Asia, Africa and Australia. Most of the maps have a small vignette illustrating a feature of the region. This large general atlas by Wyld is far more rare than his smaller general atlas of 1824, see our 2713.000

Polar projection., This is a very rare edition of Sanson's maps, published by his son, Guillaume Sanson. The title page is dated 1697 but the latest date on a map in the atlas is 1709. In French and Latin. Three volume set. Volume I is a huge set of hierarchies presenting the relative arrangement of thousands of places. Each page has from four to six levels of places, for example ranging from a country level down through states and counties on down to cities and towns. In cataloging, for the title of each page,we just list the first highest level place on the page. In the Short Title, liberty as been taken to explain the subjects of the page in English in more detail. Relief shown by sketches. Outline color.

Matthias Quad was a map publisher based in Cologne, Germany. but had lived and was trained in the Netherlands. His first atlas was Europae...Descriptio of 1592 with 38 maps, expanded to 50 maps in 1594. This was expanded again in 1600 to this Geographisch Handtbuch with 82 maps. These books were both smaller pocket atlases intended to be less expensive alternatives to the larger folio atlases of Ortelius, Mercator, and De Jode, which also provided the source maps for Quad's atlas maps. Quad embellished his maps with scenes, portraits and other illustrations that make them rather unique. The Geographisch Handtbuch was the first atlas originally written with German text. Quad also produced larger single sheet maps, including a map of Europe in the form of a Queen (1587) and city plans for the Braun and Hogenberg Civitates Orbis Terrarum. In 1608 Quad published a third atlas with 86 maps, Fasciculus Geographicus., P411. Facsimile: Theatum Orbis Terrarum. Matthias Quad, Geographisch Handtbuch. Fourth Series - Volume VI. Cologne 1600. Published in the U.S.A. by Rand McNally & Company, Chicago. Distributed in Great Britain and the Commonwealth by George Philip & Son Limited, London. With an Introduction by Wilhelm Bonacker. Published by Theatrum Orbis Terrarum Ltd. Amsterdam MCMLXIX (1969).

Double-sided. Full color. Supplement to National Geographic magazine, October 1971, Vol. 140, No. 4.

Double-sided. Full color. Supplement to National Geographic magazine, October 1971, Vol. 140, No. 4.