Search

Historical map of Italy at the time of the Saxon and Frank Emperors up to the Mohensaufen, from 962 to 1138. Features political boundaries, cities, railways, roads, topography, bodies of water, drainage, coastlines and islands. Relief shown with hachures. Includes latitudinal and longitudinal lines. Inset map: I. Principali punti di Roma medievale. Colored engraving. Map is 33 x 47 cm, on sheet 42 x 60 cm. Within section entitled Atlante storico dell’Italia., Atlante oro-idrografico corografico e storico dell'Italia, published by Casa Editrice Dottor Francesco Vallardi in Milan, circa 1895. National atlas of Italy. Title translates to: Chorographic, orographic, hydrographic and historical atlas of Italy. Bound in green board with leather spine. Gilded title on front cover and gilded ornamentation on spine. Debossed floral decoration on front cover. Slip cover in green linen with red patterned end papers. Collation: [4] pages, 89 leaves of plates (mostly double). Atlas comprised of 93 maps on 89 sheets. Volume begins with several profile views of the Alps in Italy. Maps feature topography, hydrography, political boundaries and history. Historical maps represent ancient Italy, the Holy Roman Empire, the time of the Lombards, the Saxon and Frank Emperors up to the Mohensaufen (962-1138), the Swabians (1138-1234), as well as the periods of 1270 to 1450 and 1600-1700, the reign of Napoleon (1810), and the era following the Vienna treaties (1815-1859). In addition, maps show cities, railways, roads, topography, bodies of water, drainage, coastline and islands. Some maps appear on multiple, consecutive sheets, which are shown here in the form of both the single sheets and composites creating the full maps. Colored engravings. Date for atlas estimated based upon the latest date that appears in the volume - from the imprint for the map entitled Carte della Provincia di Perugia e partie di Quelle Confinanti.

Historical map of northern and central Italy at the time of the Swabians, from 1138 to 1234. Features political boundaries, cities, railways, roads, topography, bodies of water, drainage, coastlines and islands. Relief shown with hachures. Includes latitudinal and longitudinal lines, as well as a bar scale. Inset map: II. Terrirorio Milanese. Table: Abbreviazioni. Colored engraving. Map is 35 x 46 cm, on sheet 42 x 60 cm. Within section entitled Atlante storico dell’Italia., Atlante oro-idrografico corografico e storico dell'Italia, published by Casa Editrice Dottor Francesco Vallardi in Milan, circa 1895. National atlas of Italy. Title translates to: Chorographic, orographic, hydrographic and historical atlas of Italy. Bound in green board with leather spine. Gilded title on front cover and gilded ornamentation on spine. Debossed floral decoration on front cover. Slip cover in green linen with red patterned end papers. Collation: [4] pages, 89 leaves of plates (mostly double). Atlas comprised of 93 maps on 89 sheets. Volume begins with several profile views of the Alps in Italy. Maps feature topography, hydrography, political boundaries and history. Historical maps represent ancient Italy, the Holy Roman Empire, the time of the Lombards, the Saxon and Frank Emperors up to the Mohensaufen (962-1138), the Swabians (1138-1234), as well as the periods of 1270 to 1450 and 1600-1700, the reign of Napoleon (1810), and the era following the Vienna treaties (1815-1859). In addition, maps show cities, railways, roads, topography, bodies of water, drainage, coastline and islands. Some maps appear on multiple, consecutive sheets, which are shown here in the form of both the single sheets and composites creating the full maps. Colored engravings. Date for atlas estimated based upon the latest date that appears in the volume - from the imprint for the map entitled Carte della Provincia di Perugia e partie di Quelle Confinanti.

Four historical maps representing the United States, featuring prehistoric sites and cultural complexities, from before 5000 B. C. to .1300 A. D. Maps show territories of indigenous peoples over time, archeological sites, bodies of water, coastlines and islands. Maps include legends, as well as scale statements. Colored lithograph. With two inset maps within each map: Principal islands of Hawaii -- Alaska. Colored lithograph. Together, maps are 31 x 31 cm, on sheet 49 x 35 cm. Accompanied by descriptive text, with references. (Date taken from text.) In addition, includes text to the Historical maps that follow on pages 130-151. Maps appear in Special subject maps section, subsection History., The national atlas of the United States of America, by the United States Geological Survey; published in Washington D. C., 1970. Bound in navy blue board, with title printed in silver on both front cover and spine. Accompanied by envelope with six overlay sheets, tucked between final page and back cover of volume. Collation: [i-vi], vii-xiii, [1], 2-417, A1, A2, B1, B2, C, D. Atlas contains 770 maps and 18 charts. Includes a dedication, foreward, list of contributors, introduction, table of contents and index to map subjects. Topic covered: physical geography, history, economics, culture, administrative boundaries and cartography. In addition, atlas also provides maps of the world, as related to the United States. Maps show political boundaries, cities, railways, roads, topography, bodies of water, glaciers, drainage, coastlines, islands, water depths and time zones. Topical maps feature other details, such as history, geology, climate, agriculture, population, racial demographics (including indigenous peoples), religion, language and transportation. Some maps use data visualization to further illustrate geographical information, with charts overlaid upon the landscape. "Adapted from "About The National Atlas of the United States of America," by the U.S. Geological Survey: The National Atlas of the United States of America was published in 1970. It was designed to be of practical use to decision makers in government and business, and for planners and research scholars as well as others needing to visualize country-wide distributional patterns and relationships between environmental phenomena and human activities. The National Atlas represents the principal characteristics of the country in 1970, including its physical features, historical evolution, economic activities, sociocultural conditions, administrative subdivisions, and place in world affairs. Various federal agencies, professional organizations, and commercial firms had advocated producing a National Atlas of the United States of America, but the magnitude of the task and the scope of the research required deterred those who would begin it. Late in 1954, the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council established a Committee on the National Atlas of the United States, with representatives from several federal mapmaking agencies. The committee's primary responsibilities were to coordinate all federal agencies that would be involved in producing the atlas and to ensure uniform quality in its cartography. This proved to be a nearly impossible task, and consequently in 1961 the committee terminated itself. In so doing it recommended that the atlas be completed by one federal agency, preferably the Geological Survey in the U.S. Department of the Interior. In March of 1961, the Secretary of the Interior accepted the challenge. Congress appropriated funds to begin work on the National Atlas in 1963, and on reimbursable loan the Library of Congress made available the chief of its Geography and Map Division, Dr. Arch C. Gerlach, to serve as editor. Eighty-four agencies and bureaus appointed liaison officers to the National Atlas Project, base maps were prepared at four scales, and an advisory group of eminent cartographers and geographers collaborated to formulate fundamental design principles and specifications. The first part of the National Atlas is devoted to general reference maps that contain most of the forty-one thousand place names recorded in the index. These maps were included for the convenience of readers wanting basic locational information. In the thematic section of the National Atlas, separate subdivisions deal with the country's physical, historical, economic, and socio-cultural characteristics. The maps in this portion of the atlas represent the relationships between human beings and their environment while offering scientific bases for analyzing the nation's economic development in 1970. The National Atlas proved to be the last paper atlas of this magnitude produced by the federal government."

Historical map of Italy from 1270 to 1450. Features political boundaries, cities, railways, roads, topography, bodies of water, drainage, coastlines and islands. Relief shown with hachures. Includes latitudinal and longitudinal lines, as well as a bar scale. Nine inset maps: I possedimenti del Veneziani nella Grecia nel 13 secolo e susseguenti -- Campo della Battaglia di Benevento il 26 Febbraio 1256 -- Campo della Battaglia di Scurcola il 23 Agosto 1268 -- L'Apulia e la Sicilia sotto i re Normanni e gli Svevi -- Regno di Cipro -- I. e Isole di Gerbi e Carchi nella scala stessa della carta principale -- Firenze -- Milano -- Napoli. Table: Abbreviazioni. Colored engraving. Map is 34 x 46 cm, on sheet 42 x 60 cm. Within section entitled Atlante storico dell’Italia., Atlante oro-idrografico corografico e storico dell'Italia, published by Casa Editrice Dottor Francesco Vallardi in Milan, circa 1895. National atlas of Italy. Title translates to: Chorographic, orographic, hydrographic and historical atlas of Italy. Bound in green board with leather spine. Gilded title on front cover and gilded ornamentation on spine. Debossed floral decoration on front cover. Slip cover in green linen with red patterned end papers. Collation: [4] pages, 89 leaves of plates (mostly double). Atlas comprised of 93 maps on 89 sheets. Volume begins with several profile views of the Alps in Italy. Maps feature topography, hydrography, political boundaries and history. Historical maps represent ancient Italy, the Holy Roman Empire, the time of the Lombards, the Saxon and Frank Emperors up to the Mohensaufen (962-1138), the Swabians (1138-1234), as well as the periods of 1270 to 1450 and 1600-1700, the reign of Napoleon (1810), and the era following the Vienna treaties (1815-1859). In addition, maps show cities, railways, roads, topography, bodies of water, drainage, coastline and islands. Some maps appear on multiple, consecutive sheets, which are shown here in the form of both the single sheets and composites creating the full maps. Colored engravings. Date for atlas estimated based upon the latest date that appears in the volume - from the imprint for the map entitled Carte della Provincia di Perugia e partie di Quelle Confinanti.

Table of contents to Cosmographica Petri Apiani., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Covers to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: Apian’s Cosmography. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

On left - verso to covers to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Bookplate with seal and banners including text in Latin. On right - first page, with hand-drawn seal, in pencil., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Appendix of second part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. With woodcut initial letters. Spans pages 56-59., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Appendix of second part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. With woodcut initial letters and a lunar map. Map shows different phases of the moon as it revolves around the Earth. Also features the position of sunlight in relation to the moon. Appendix spans pages 56-59., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Appendix of second part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. With woodcut initial letter and an illustration of a figure using an astronomical instrument. Appendix spans pages 56-59., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Portuguese song on the final page of Cosmographica Petri Apiani. With woodcut initial letter. Colophon at bottom of page, dated 1551., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Descriptive text within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The book of places ... With woodcut initial letter and an illustration of a figure using an astronomical instrument. Text spans pages 59-66., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Descriptive text within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The book of places ... Includes first chapter: De descriptione regionis alicuius in plano, incognitis latitudine, longitud. & distantia : Cap. I. With woodcut initial letters and a map showing the meridian lines between Antwerp (Belgium) and another city, Louaniũ. Text spans pages 59-66., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Descriptive text within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The book of places ... Includes first chapter: De descriptione regionis alicuius in plano, incognitis latitudine, longitud. & distantia : Cap. I. With woodcut initial letter and an abstracted map showing connecting lines between cities, such as Antwerp and Brussels (Belgium). Text spans pages 59-66., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Descriptive text within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The book of places ... Includes second and third chapters: De pingenda charta cognita sola distantia locorum : Cap. II -- De invenienda vera distantia loci visi quantumcunque etiã distet : Cap. III. With woodcut initial letters and an abstracted map showing connecting lines between cities, such as Antwerp and Brussels (Belgium). Text spans pages 59-66., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Descriptive text within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The book of places ... Includes third through fifth chapters: De invenienda vera distantia loci visi quantumcunque etiã distet : Cap. III -- Cap. IIII : Docet idem per scalam Hypsometram aut geometricam inuenire -- Duobus vel tribus visis : Cap. V. With woodcut initial letters and a diagram. Text spans pages 59-66., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Descriptive text within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The book of places ... Includes fifth chapter: Duobus vel tribus visis : Cap. V. With two woodcut diagrams. Text spans pages 59-66., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Descriptive text within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The book of places ... Includes fifth and sixth chapters: Duobus vel tribus visis : Cap. V. -- Quartus modus per distantiam & angulum positionis : Cap. VI. With woodcut initial letter and diagram. Text spans pages 59-66., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Descriptive text within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The book of places ... Includes seventh chapter: De longitudinis differentia cognoscenda ex latitudinis differentia & recta distantia : Cap. VII. With woodcut initial letters. Text spans pages 59-66., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

First part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The first part of this book, on cosmographic and geographic principles. Includes first chapter: Quid sit cosmographia, et quo differat à geographia & chorographia : Caput primum. Text begins with a distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography. Chorography is the art of describing or mapping a region, and by extension such a description or map. This term derives from the writings of the ancient geographer Pomponius Mela and Ptolemy, where it meant geographical descriptions. With woodcut initial letter. First part spans pages 1-30., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

First part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The first part of this book, on cosmographic and geographic principles. Includes first chapter: Quid sit cosmographia, et quo differat à geographia & chorographia : Caput primum. With woodcut initial letters, illustrations and a round world map covering Africa, Asia and Europe. Illustrations show the optical field, a portrait, a coastal settlement and an ear and eye. First part spans pages 1-30., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

First part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The first part of this book, on cosmographic and geographic principles. Includes second and third chapters: De motu sphaerarum, coelorúmque diuisione : Cap. II -- De circulus sphaerae : Cap. III. With woodcut initial letters and a round celestial map entitled "Schema præmissæ divisionis" [= Schema of the divisions]. Map shows the Earth at center, surrounded by concentric rings representing other planets. First part spans pages 1-30., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

First part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The first part of this book, on cosmographic and geographic principles. Includes third chapter: De circulus sphaerae : Cap. III. With woodcut initial letters and a legend decoding zodiac symbols - "Characteres planetarum". First part spans pages 1-30., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

First part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The first part of this book, on cosmographic and geographic principles. Includes fourth chapter: De quin que zonis : Cap. IIII. With woodcut initial letter and a round world map situated within an armillary sphere, showing the zones of the globe, such as the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, as well as the associated zodiac positions. In addition, the facing page includes a round, abstracted world map, entitled "Divisionis præmissæ formula in plano extensa". Map shows climate regions as curved and parallel bands between the Arctic and Antarctic Poles. First part spans pages 1-30., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

First part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The first part of this book, on cosmographic and geographic principles. Includes fifth chapter: De parallelis circulis : Cap. V. With woodcut initial letter and a diagram featuring four inset maps, including one demonstrating that the earth is spherical. In addition, the facing page includes a round, abstracted world map, entitled "Ecce schema divisionis parallelorum". Map shows climate regions as parallel bands between the Arctic and Antarctic Poles. First part spans pages 1-30., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

First part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The first part of this book, on cosmographic and geographic principles. Includes sixth chapter: De climatibus : Cap. VI. With woodcut initial letter and a round, abstracted world map, entitled "Sequitur formula præmissæ traditionis". Map shows climate regions as parallel bands between the Arctic and Antarctic Poles. In addition, tables describe the globe's parallel axes and climate. First part spans pages 1-30., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

First part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The first part of this book, on cosmographic and geographic principles. Includes seventh and eighth chapters: De longitudine terrestri : Cap. VII -- De latitudine terræ, locorumue : Cap. VIII. With woodcut initial letters and two round, abstracted world maps, entitled "Ecce figuram extensam in plano" and "Formula huius traditionis". Maps show longitudinal and latitudinal lines. First part spans pages 1-30., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

First part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The first part of this book, on cosmographic and geographic principles. Includes ninth chapter: Quomodo altitudo Poli, seu latitudo terræ per organum speciale sit exploranda : Cap. IX. With woodcut initial letters and a round, abstracted world map, entitled "Hæc planiùs ex instrumento videre licet". Map shows the Arctic and Antarctic Poles, as well as the equator, and features a volvelle - or turning dial - that provides information on the position and movement of the planet. First part spans pages 1-30., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Text to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. With woodcut initial letter. First of two pages., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Text to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. With woodcut initial letter. Second of two pages., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Second part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The second part of this book, in particular, descriptions of Europe, Africa, Asia and America. Includes first and second chapters: De Europa : Cap. I -- De Africa : Cap. II. With woodcut initial letters. Second part spans pages 35-56., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Second part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The second part of this book, in particular, descriptions of Europe, Africa, Asia and America. Includes second through fourth chapters: De Africa : Cap. II -- De Asia : Cap. III -- De America : Cap. IIII. With woodcut initial letters. Second part spans pages 35-56., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Second part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The second part of this book, in particular, descriptions of Europe, Africa, Asia and America. Includes fourth chapter: De America : Cap. IIII, as well as Appendix by Frisius. (Page number inferred.) Second part spans pages 35-56., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Second part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The second part of this book, in particular, descriptions of Europe, Africa, Asia and America. Includes fifth chapter: De Abaco, hoc est particulari seu radicali orbis descriptione : Cap. V. This section lists place names in Europe. With handwritten annotations - in ink - at bottom of page, adding further information. Second part spans pages 35-56., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Second part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The second part of this book, in particular, descriptions of Europe, Africa, Asia and America. Includes fifth chapter: De Abaco, hoc est particulari seu radicali orbis descriptione : Cap. V. This section lists place names in Europe. Second part spans pages 35-56., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Second part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The second part of this book, in particular, descriptions of Europe, Africa, Asia and America. Includes fifth chapter: De Abaco, hoc est particulari seu radicali orbis descriptione : Cap. V. This section lists place names in Europe. Second part spans pages 35-56., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Second part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The second part of this book, in particular, descriptions of Europe, Africa, Asia and America. Includes fifth chapter: De Abaco, hoc est particulari seu radicali orbis descriptione : Cap. V. This section lists place names in Europe. Second part spans pages 35-56., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Second part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The second part of this book, in particular, descriptions of Europe, Africa, Asia and America. Includes fifth chapter: De Abaco, hoc est particulari seu radicali orbis descriptione : Cap. V. This section lists place names in Europe. Second part spans pages 35-56., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Second part to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The second part of this book, in particular, descriptions of Europe, Africa, Asia and America. Includes fifth chapter: De Abaco, hoc est particulari seu radicali orbis descriptione : Cap. V. This section lists place names in Europe. Second part spans pages 35-56., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Table within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: Table of latitudes : Several towns marked. Lists cities, such as Lisbon (Portugal) and Copenhagen (Denmark) with latitudinal points. In addition, index on right, including the additions provided by Frisius., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Descriptive text within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The astronomical ring. Includes introduction. With woodcut initial letter and a diagram. Text spans pages 67-73., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Descriptive text within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The astronomical ring. Includes first through third chapters: Declaratio partium : Cap. I -- De usu annuli, primúmque loci solis inventione : Cap. II -- Eleuationem poli quomodo invenias : Cap. III. With woodcut initial letters. Text spans pages 67-73., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Descriptive text within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The astronomical ring. Includes third through sixth chapters: Eleuationem poli quomodo invenias : Cap. III -- Horæ inventio interdiu : Cap. IIII -- An sit ante meridiem, an post : Cap. V -- Horæ nocturnæ investigatio : Cap VI. With woodcut initial letters. Text spans pages 67-73., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Descriptive text within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The astronomical ring. Includes seventh through tenth chapters: Qua ratione horæ nocturnæ faciliùs inveniantur : Cap. VII -- De ortu solis, & Quantitate diei : Cap. VIII -- De horis inæqualib. siue planetarum : Cap. IX -- Quota sit hora ab ortu vel occasu solis, qui mos Italiæ ferè est : Cap. X. With woodcut initial letters. Text spans pages 67-73., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Descriptive text within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The astronomical ring. Includes tenth through thirteenth chapters: Quota sit hora ab ortu vel occasu solis, qui mos Italiæ ferè est : Cap. X -- Plagas mundi quomodo invenias : Cap. XI -- De altitudine solis, & stellarum : Cap. XII -- Altitudinum dimensio per umbras : Cap. XIII. With woodcut initial letters and an illustration of a figure using an astronomical instrument. Text spans pages 67-73., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Descriptive text within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The astronomical ring. Includes thirteenth through fifteenth chapters: Altitudinum dimensio per umbras : Cap. XIII -- De altitudine per solum visum : Cap. XIIII -- De altitudinibus verum inaccessibilium : Cap XV. With woodcut initial letters and two illustrations of figures using astronomical instruments. Text spans pages 67-73., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Descriptive text within Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Title translates to: The astronomical ring. Includes fifteen through twentieth chapters: De altitudinibus verum inaccessibilium : Cap XV -- Facilius idem : Cap. XVI -- De longitudine vevum in ædito sit avum : Cap. XVII -- Aliter idem & facillimè : Cap. XVIII -- Distantiæ dimensio : Cap. XIX -- De profunditatis mensuratione : Cap. XX. With woodcut initial letters and an illustration of figures using astronomical instruments. Text spans pages 67-73., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Title page to Cosmographica Petri Apiani. Includes title and imprint. Title translates to: Title translates to: Apian’s Cosmography, by means of a physical & mathematical … With a celestial woodcut map, entitled "L inferieure partie de la sphere" [= The lower part of the sphere], in the shape of a globe, held by a hand. Map includes illustrations of constellations, longitudinal lines and two bar scales. With inscription, in ink, beneath imprint., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Woodcut round world map situated within an armillary sphere, showing Africa, the Americas and Antarctica. Includes figures walking on the globe, labeled Perioeci, Antipodes and Antoeci. Map is 17 x 11 cm, on sheet 25 x 17 cm. Within the first part of Cosmographica Petri Apiani, which spans pages 1-30., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/

Woodcut round world map situated within an armillary sphere, showing the zones of the globe, such as the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, as well as the associated zodiac positions. Map is 17 x 11 cm, on sheet 25 x 17 cm. Within the first part of Cosmographica Petri Apiani, which spans pages 1-30., Cosmographica Petri Apiani, by Peter Apian (1495-1552). Parisian edition, published by Viuantium Gaultherot and dated 1553 on the title page (1551 on colophon). With corrections and additions by the cartographer Gemma Frisius. Bound in vellum with sewn binding. Handwritten annotations, in ink, on front cover, including: Ex Libris ... Josephi Guillon. Spine title: Apiani. Cosmograph. Collation: 4° : [2], 1-30, 35-74, [1]; signed A-H, K-4. With 1 double leaf of plates featuring a woodcut world map, which presents one of the most emblematic representations of South America in the sixteenth century, with new details contributed by Frisius. The text contains 26 maps of the terrestrial globe, moon, sun and other stars. In addition, 10 diagrams and 7 illustrations provide further information on astronomy, including the demonstration of astronomical instruments. Nautical cosmography is central to the work, as Apian was a pioneer in determining longitude according to the movement of the moon and stars. Including four volvelles, or turning dials, which provide information on the position and movement of celestial bodies. Inspired by both the Renaissance cartographer Johann Schoner and by Ptolemy, Cosmographica is a major work of Apian, a German cartographer, mathematician and astronomer who published significant works on astronomy, geography and cosmography - the study of the earth and its position in the universe. Apian was a pioneer in astronomical and geographical instrumentation, and one of the most successful popularizers of these subjects during the sixteenth century. He studied mathematics and astronomy in Leipzig and Vienna, and quickly established a reputation as an outstanding mathematician. Apian’s first major work, Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis (1524), was based on Ptolemy. Starting with the distinction between cosmography, geography, and chorography, and using an ingenious and simple diagram, the book defines terrestrial grids; describes the use of maps and simple surveying; defines weather and climate; and provides thumbnail sketches of the continents. In its later form, as modified by Gemma Frisius, the Cosmographia was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages. The success of this and his previous works led to Apian’s appointment as professor of mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt, where he remained until his death. In honor of his scientific contributions, he was knighted by Charles V for the Germanic Empire. The success of Cosmographia may, in part, be attributable to its fantastical passages about strange peoples and foreign places, including a brief section on the newly-discovered continent of America. For the most part however, Cosmographia is a practical book, intended to introduce laymen to concepts in astronomy, geography, geometry, surveying, and navigation. It provides detailed information on the structure of the universe and how one might navigate through it by using various instruments and devices and by taking measured observations of the heavens and the Earth. To accomplish these ends, Cosmographia was lavishly illustrated with maps, charts, and diagrams. In these illustrations we see a Ptolemaic solar system dominated by the Earth and Moon, with the Sun orbiting somewhere between Venus and Mars. We see various phases of a lunar eclipse. The armillary sphere — an ornate, mechanical model of the cosmos — appears several times within the text. In the cordiform map, which first appeared in the 1544 edition, we see North America, a thin sliver of land off the coast of Asia labeled Baccalearum (land of the cod), floating within an otherwise recognizable map of the earth while the wind gods blow in from the margins. Perhaps most famously, we see volvelles. Popularized during the late middle ages and used in both scientific manuscripts and early printed books, volvelles are paper (or parchment) devices made of concentric disks that act like dials. The disks can be rotated into different configurations in order to make various calculations. They were usually intended for practical use, and Apianus’ volvelles (along with those added by Gemma Frisius) helped readers to apply geometric principles to navigation and practical geography and to understand the workings of the solar system. Adams, A 1281; Van Ortroy, 44; Mortimer 27; Murray, 15; Shirley, 82; Sabin, 1749., https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Apianus/