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A recent study conducted in Mexico City found a high prevalence of severe depression in Mexican patients diagnosed with HIV and treated with Efavirenz and Atazanavir. The study focused on the genotypes and allelic frequencies of three TPH2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in HIV patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment. Results showed that patients treated with Efavirenz experienced higher rates of severe depression compared to those treated with Atazanavir. The researchers emphasized the importance of psychiatric monitoring and prompt antidepressant treatment for HIV patients. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Prince of Songkla University in Hat Yai, Thailand, explored the effects of Pueraria mirifica (PM) on depression in ovariectomized mice. The research found that subchronic treatments with 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of PM were effective in improving depression by stimulating tryptophan hydroxylase via estrogen receptors. This study provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of PM in alleviating depression in women. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the characterization of Dnajc12 knockout mice as a model of hypodopaminergia, a condition related to dopamine deficiency. The study highlights the role of DNAJC12 in co-chaperoning aromatic amino acid hydroxylases for the synthesis of biogenic amines, such as dopamine and serotonin. The findings suggest that modulating the DNAJC12-TH-GCH1 complex could be a potential therapy for DNAJC12 and other biogenic amine disorders, including dystonia and parkinsonism. The research, although not peer-reviewed, provides insights into the biological mechanisms underlying these conditions and offers a platform for developing therapeutic interventions. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Villanova University conducted a study on the effects of brain serotonin deficiency on the behavioral and neurogenesis-promoting effects of voluntary exercise in mice. The study found that low serotonin levels impaired the behavioral effects of exercise in female mice but did not significantly impact cellular proliferation or immature neuron production in the hippocampus. The research suggests that individual differences in brain serotonin synthesis could influence sensitivity to the mental health benefits of exercise. The study was peer-reviewed and published in Neuropharmacology. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine has found that telotristat ethyl (TE), a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, enhances the effectiveness of standard chemotherapy in preclinical models of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a type of biliary tract cancer. The combination of TE with chemotherapy resulted in increased survival rates and tumor growth inhibition in various CCA models. The study suggests that combination therapies involving TE may hold promise for improving clinical CCA therapy, particularly for patients with serotonin overexpression. The research was supported by Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, TerSera Therapeutics, and Indiana University School of Medicine funds. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Hospital de Especialidades discusses the effects of chronic tibolone administration on memory and certain enzymes in aging male mice. The study found that tibolone improved memory and fear-based learning in the mice without affecting locomotor activity. However, it also resulted in decreased levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in one group of mice. The researchers concluded that long-term tibolone administration can improve memory and modulate cholinergic systems in the hippocampus of aging male mice. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Hubei, China, investigated the potential of emodin-8-o-b-d-glucoside (EG), a compound derived from Caulis Polygoni Multiflori, to improve sleep in mice. The study found that after 30 days of administration, EG was able to shorten sleep latency and prolong sleep duration in mice. The researchers also discovered that EG increased the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain tissue, which may be attributed to the upregulation of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), an enzyme involved in the production of 5-HT. This research provides insight into the potential use of EG as a sleep aid. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Yokohama University of Pharmacy in Japan explored the effects of hormone replacement therapy on the behavior of young ovariectomized mice. The researchers found that ovariectomy surgery at a young age led to decreased locomotor activity and a preference for novel mice in social tests. However, the administration of a G protein-coupled receptor 30 agonist ameliorated these effects. The study suggests that G protein-coupled receptor 30-mediated regulation of serotonin synthesis may play a role in the behavioral changes caused by decreased estradiol levels during childhood. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Hannover Medical School in Germany have developed a new inhibitor called TPT-001 that targets the serotonin pathway, which has been proposed as a potential treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In a study using a rat model of severe PAH, the researchers found that oral treatment with TPT-001 significantly reduced right ventricular dysfunction, lowered pulmonary arterial pressures, and reversed pulmonary vascular remodeling. The study suggests that inhibiting the serotonin pathway with TPT-001 has the potential to attenuate or even reverse severe PAH and associated right ventricular dysfunction. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Shandong University in China has explored the potential benefits of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in treating depressive-like behavior. SCFAs are bioactive metabolites produced by gut microbiota and have been linked to controlling psychiatric and neurological disorders. The study found that SCFAs can activate a specific pathway involving ACSS2, PPARg, and TPH2 to exert antidepressant effects. Additionally, the researchers discovered that d-mannose, a naturally occurring sugar, can reverse gut dysbiosis and increase SCFA levels, suggesting it may be a potential treatment for depression. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Federal University of Paraiba in Brazil explored the antidepressant effects of methyleugenol (ME) in female mice. The study utilized a stress model induced by dexamethasone and found that ME had a positive impact on depressive symptoms in the mice. In addition, in silico studies revealed that ME interacted with dopaminergic D1 and a1 adrenergic pathway receptors, as well as with tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor. The findings suggest that ME may have potential as an antidepressant, particularly in relation to the D1, a1, and serotonergic systems. [Extracted from the article]

According to the news reporters, the research concluded: "Our results revealed that all the potential repurposed drugs promoted cell viability, especially when hypoxia was chemically induced. Autacoids, Biological Factors, Drugs and Therapies, Membrane Research, Science and Technology, Serotonin Keywords: Autacoids; Biological Factors; Drugs and Therapies; Membrane Research; Science and Technology; Serotonin EN Autacoids Biological Factors Drugs and Therapies Membrane Research Science and Technology Serotonin 1745 1745 1 10/09/23 20231013 NES 231013 2023 OCT 13 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Drug Week -- Current study results on membrane research have been published. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued for pharmaceutical compositions containing sepiapterin and their use in the treatment of tetrahydrobiopterin-related disorders. Sepiapterin is an essential cofactor for various enzymes involved in neurotransmitter synthesis. The compositions are stable at room temperature for at least 6 months and can be formulated as solid compositions or suspensions. The patent also includes the use of an antioxidant to stabilize the sepiapterin in the composition. This invention provides a potential new therapy for tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. [Extracted from the article]

Amino Acids, Aromatic Amino Acids, Autacoids, Biological Factors, Enzymes and Coenzymes, Essential Amino Acids, Hydroxylase, Mixed Function Oxygenases, Oxidoreductases, Serotonin, Tryptophan, Tryptophan Hydroxylase The recombinant full-length enzyme A328E had no measurable enzyme activity, but A328V displayed decreased enzyme activity (Vmax). Keywords: Amino Acids; Aromatic Amino Acids; Autacoids; Biological Factors; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Essential Amino Acids; Hydroxylase; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Oxidoreductases; Serotonin; Tryptophan; Tryptophan Hydroxylase EN Amino Acids Aromatic Amino Acids Autacoids Biological Factors Enzymes and Coenzymes Essential Amino Acids Hydroxylase Mixed Function Oxygenases Oxidoreductases Serotonin Tryptophan Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1109 1109 1 09/04/23 20230908 NES 230908 2023 SEP 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Genomics & Genetics Weekly -- Investigators publish new report on mixed function oxygenases. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords for this news article include: Novosibirsk, Russia, Life Science, Amino Acids, Aromatic Amino Acids, Autacoids, Bacterial Polysaccharides, Bacterial Toxins, Biogenic Amines, Biological Factors, Brain, Central Nervous System, Diencephalon, Endotoxins, Enzymes and Coenzymes, Essential Amino Acids, Genetics, Health and Medicine, Hydroxylase, Hypothalamus, Inflammation, Limbic System, Lipopolysaccharides, Organic Chemicals, Serotonin, Tryptamines, Tryptophan, Russian Academy of Sciences. Keywords: Novosibirsk; Russia; Life Science; Amino Acids; Aromatic Amino Acids; Autacoids; Bacterial Polysaccharides; Bacterial Toxins; Biogenic Amines; Biological Factors; Brain; Central Nervous System; Diencephalon; Endotoxins; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Essential Amino Acids; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Hydroxylase; Hypothalamus; Inflammation; Limbic System; Lipopolysaccharides; Organic Chemicals; Serotonin; Tryptamines; Tryptophan EN Novosibirsk Russia Life Science Amino Acids Aromatic Amino Acids Autacoids Bacterial Polysaccharides Bacterial Toxins Biogenic Amines Biological Factors Brain Central Nervous System Diencephalon Endotoxins Enzymes and Coenzymes Essential Amino Acids Genetics Health and Medicine Hydroxylase Hypothalamus Inflammation Limbic System Lipopolysaccharides Organic Chemicals Serotonin Tryptamines Tryptophan 2755 2755 1 06/19/23 20230623 NES 230623 2023 JUN 23 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in Life Science. [Extracted from the article]

Pelotas, Brazil, South America, Antidepressants, Drugs and Therapies, Health and Medicine Keywords: Pelotas; Brazil; South America; Antidepressants; Drugs and Therapies; Health and Medicine EN Pelotas Brazil South America Antidepressants Drugs and Therapies Health and Medicine 894 894 1 03/23/23 20230317 NES 230317 2023 MAR 17 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Drug Week -- Current study results on Drugs and Therapies - Antidepressants have been published. Demonstrated low potential to cause acute toxicity in adult female Swiss mice.ConclusionIn summary, MeSeI exhibits an antidepressant-like effect mediated by the serotonergic system and could be considered for the development of new treatment strategies for depression.". [Extracted from the article]

Antidepressants, Drugs and Therapies, Enzymes and Coenzymes, Health and Medicine, Hydroxylase Keywords: Antidepressants; Drugs and Therapies; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Health and Medicine; Hydroxylase EN Antidepressants Drugs and Therapies Enzymes and Coenzymes Health and Medicine Hydroxylase 2142 2142 1 03/24/23 20230217 NES 230217 2023 FEB 17 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Drug Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in antidepressants. [Extracted from the article]

This study aimed to investigate whether the consecutive administration of methotrexate affects 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) synthesis in the rat small intestine. Rats received methotrexate at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally on 4 consecutive days. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was given subcutaneously to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Methotrexate moderately altered 5-HT synthesis, whereas the combined administration of methotrexate and L-NAME significantly changed 5-HT synthesis in the rat ileal tissue. These results suggest that endogenous NO has an antagonistic role in the induction of 5-HT synthesis in rats following the consecutive administration of methotrexate., (© 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Investigates the physiologic activity of tetrahydropapaverine in murine models by researchers from South Korea. Examination on the capability of the tetrahydropapaverine to inhibit serotonin biosynthesis; Indications showing that tetrahydropapaverine leads to a decrease in serotonin content by the inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase activity in P185 cells: assertion from the researchers regarding the result of the study.