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• A novel photochromic nanotube array was prepared by modifying TiO 2 nanotube array with PMoA. • PMoA/TiO 2 nanotubes are rapidly excited by visible light and reach saturation after irradiated 60 s. • Photochromic processes are performed in accordance with photoinduced electron transfer mechanism through Mo O Ti band. TiO 2 nanotube arrays were prepared by means of an electrochemical anodization technique in an organic electrolyte solution doped with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and were subsequently modified with phosphomolybdic acid (PMoA) to obtain PMoA/TiO 2 nanotube arrays. The microstructure and photochromic properties were investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the Keggin structure of PMoA and the nanotube structure of TiO 2 were not destroyed, and there was a strong degree of interaction between PMoA and TiO 2 at the biphasic interface with lattice interlacing during the compositing process. The XPS results further indicated that there was a change in the chemical microenvironment during the formation process of the composite, and a new charge transfer bridge was formed through the Mo-O-Ti bond. Under visible light irradiation, the colorless PMoA/TiO 2 nanotube array quickly turned blue and exhibited a photochromic response together with reversible photochromism in the presence of H 2 O 2. After visible light irradiation for 60 s, the appearance of Mo5+ species in the XPS spectra indicated a photoreduction process in accordance with a photoinduced electron transfer mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A summary is presented of the Delaware Rapid Arbitration Act (DRAA) which aims to help business enterprises of Delaware to solves disputes cost-effectively.

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The article focuses on the planning oil firm Shell regarding the closure of its Port Dickson, a refinery in Malaysia and also considering the option for converting it into a storage terminal. It mentions the plans of Malaysia's government for the development of southern Malaysia as a refining and petrochemicals centre. It also mentions the development of new oil installations with Refinery and Petrochemicals Integrated Development (Rapid) project to compete in oil market.