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The East Junggar is a key to understanding the accretionary history of the southern Altaids. However, the tectonic setting and amalgamation history of the East Junggar during the Carboniferous–Permian remain controversial. Here we report new field, geochronological and geochemical data for the Carboniferous–Permian volcanic and sedimentary rocks from the Jiangjun unit and the Hongliugou ophiolitic complex of East Junggar to constrain its tectonic evolution. Carboniferous volcanic rocks, with zircon and apatite U–Pb ages from 337 ± 2 to 303 ± 32 Ma, display arc-related geochemical characteristics. Carboniferous–Permian sedimentary rocks predominantly contain Carboniferous–Permian detrital zircons and have maximum depositional ages from 318 ± 5 to 281 ± 6 Ma. Provenance analysis indicates that the sediments from the west Jiangjun unit were sourced from the Yemaquan arc and those from the east Jiangjun unit may be sourced solely from a new intra-oceanic arc. Integrated data indicate that Carboniferous–Permian strata in the Jiangjun unit were formed in the intra-oceanic arc setting that remained until the middle Permian. These analyses suggest an amalgamation process of multiple convergence and accretion for the southern Altaids during the formation of NE Pangaea in the late Paleozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cenozoic uplift of the Qilian Shan mountain range is intimately connected with the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates, although the mechanism of deformation is still unclear due to the large distance between the Qilian Shan and the plate collision boundary. The first requirement if we are to determine this mechanism is to obtain the uplift process of the Qilian Shan range, which remains a matter of debate. We compiled apatite fission track data from previous studies of the Qilian Shan range to investigate the spatial and temporal disparities or similarities of the exhumation process. Most of the age-evolution profiles and thermo-modelling results show a low exhumation rate from 80 to 20 Ma, corresponding to shorter apatite fission track lengths, indicating a lower rate of erosion and lower relief across the whole Qilian Shan region. The results also reveal two stages of rapid exhumation: during the Cretaceous (120–80 Ma) and since the Miocene (20–0 Ma). The exhumation history of the Qilian Shan range shows no significant spatial difference and outward growth was limited at the southern and northern edges after 5 Ma. This temporal and spatial pattern for the exhumation of the Qilian Shan range suggests that there was probably no obvious uplift at the time of the initial collision of the Indian–Tibetan plates and support the proposal that the whole Qilian range has uplifted synchronously since 20 Ma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U–Pb apatite geochronology is increasingly recognized as a valuable tool for constraining the age of mid-crustal ductile shear zones. The crustal-scale Outer Hebrides Fault Zone (OHFZ) within the Laurentian foreland of the Scottish Caledonides has long been of uncertain age and tectonic significance. Earliest deformation within the OHFZ was associated with top-to-the-NW ductile thrusting that formed a belt of greenschist facies mylonites within host Archean−Paleoproterozoic basement gneisses. Previous estimates for the timing of thrusting vary between c. 1600 Ma and c. 430 Ma. The mylonitic fabrics are defined by a recrystallized assemblage of quartz + albite/oligoclase + sericite + actinolite + epidote + apatite ± calcite, consistent with deformation temperatures of 400–500°C and within the range of reported closure temperatures for Pb diffusion in apatite. U–Pb (LA−ICP−MS) dating of two texturally distinct apatite grain types within the mylonites has yielded ages mostly in the range c. 1100–900 Ma. The OHFZ is therefore interpreted as a Grenville–Sveconorwegian structure that formed during the tripartite collision of Laurentia, Baltica, and Amazonia and the assembly of Rodinia. Supplementary material: U–Pb isotopic data (Table S1), trace element data (Table S2) and laser ablation spot images are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7084925 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appearance of hydrous magmas and the following separation of volatile-rich fluids through hydrothermal alteration are intricately linked to the formation of granitic rare-metal deposits, the principal source of worldwide Li, Be, Nb, Ta and Cs production. The lack of mineralogical information from the developing magmatic–hydrothermal system has, however, prevented a thorough comprehension of these processes. Apatite occurs as an accessory mineral in the metasedimentary (schist)–magmatic (muscovite monzogranite)–pegmatite (ore-free or ore-bearing pegmatite) rocks in the Mufushan Complex (MFSC) rare-metal ore field of northeastern Hunan, South China, potentially providing insights into Nb–Ta–(Li–Be–Cs) mineralization. To demonstrate that apatite can potentially record the magmatic–hydrothermal evolution of metasedimentary–magmatic–pegmatite systems, this study presents a combined textural and geochemical study of apatite from the MFSC granitic pegmatite-type rare-metal mineralization. The MFSC apatite textures and compositions have changed since it first crystallized (i.e. post-crystallization alteration). Apatite from the schist shows a homogeneous rim or homogeneous textures with cracks or inclusions (S-ap1) and a patchy core (S-ap2), indicative of a magmatic–hydrothermal origin. Apatite from the muscovite monzogranite (G-ap) displays altered and distinctive core–rim textures, with visible voids, mineral inclusions and cracks, suggestive of overprinting of early magmatism texture by hydrothermal fluid. However, compared with S-ap1, S-ap2 and G-ap, the pegmatite apatite shows more complicated textures; that is, P-ap1 (homogeneous bright and dark areas) and P-ap2 (replacement texture involving alteration rim, growth zonation, patchy and complex zoning patterns). P-ap1 underwent early magmatism and weaker post-hydrothermal overprinting, and P-ap2 reflects a magmatic–hydrothermal product. S-ap1 and S-ap2 yield lower intercept ages of 130.6 ± 1.8 and 128.4 ± 3.8 Ma, respectively, which are consistent with the transitional age of the magmatic–hydrothermal metallogenic environment in northeastern Hunan. G-ap and P-ap1 yield older ages of 136.3 ± 2.8 and 141.3 ± 6.7 Ma, respectively, which correspond to the age of magmatic early stage (Nb–Ta)-mineralization within uncertainty in northeastern Hunan. The Sr isotopic composition of apatite provides evidence for the provenance of the MFSC batholith in the rare-metal metallogenesis of the Lengjiaxi Group. Therefore, we hypothesize that apatite in granitic rare-metal deposits within metasedimentary–magmatic–pegmatite systems might be employed as a viable proxy to explore the textures and geochemical fingerprints of fluid exsolution and hydrothermal alteration. Supplementary material: Analytical techniques and the results for apatite grains in this investigation are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7038699 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tibetan Plateau, which is deformed by the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates, is a natural laboratory in which to study intracontinental deformation related to northeastward growth of the plateau. However, how and when the Tibetan Plateau propagated to its present-day margins remain unclear. The Qilian Shan and Haiyuan fault, which serve as the topographic and geological boundaries of the high plateau, are key to revealing the uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. Here, we present detrital apatite (U–Th)/He and reverse modelling results from the Laolongwan basin, which is interpreted as a pull-apart basin controlled by activity of the Haiyuan fault in the east portion of the Qilian Shan region. Our results reveal three-stage tectono-thermal evolution of Qilian Shan: (1) Late Jurassic to Cretaceous rapid exhumation; (2) Late Cretaceous to middle Miocene tectonic quiescence period; and (3) exhumation after the middle Miocene. We suggest that the Jurassic to Cretaceous rapid exhumation might be related to the convergence of the Lhasa block with the Eurasian plate or regional extension during the Mesozoic closure of the Meso-Tethys, and the mid-Miocene accelerated exhumation was driven by Haiyuan fault activation related to the growth of the Tibetan Plateau to its northeastern margin. Supplementary material: Time–temperature paths of (U–Th)/He thermal history models (Fig. S1) and AHe age–depth relationship (Fig. S2) are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7018149 Thematic collection: This article is part of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics, landscape and climate change collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/mesozoic-and-cenozoic-tectonics-landscape-and-climate-change [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Johnston Complex represents a rare inlier of the Neoproterozoic basement of southern Britain and offers a window into the tectonomagmatic regime of East Avalonia during the assembly of Gondwana. This work presents in situ zircon (U–Pb, Lu–Hf), apatite (U–Pb), and trace element chemistry for both minerals from the complex. Zircon and apatite yield a coeval crystallization age of 570 ± 3 Ma, and a minor antecrystic zircon core component is identified at 615 ± 11 Ma. Zircon Hf data imply a broadly chondritic source, comparable to Nd data from East Avalonia, and TDM2 model ages of c. 1.5 Ga indicate source extraction during the Mesoproterozoic. Zircon trace element chemistry is consistent with an ensialic calc-alkaline continental arc setting and demonstrates that magmatism was ongoing prior to terrane dispersal at 570 Ma. Apatite trace element chemistry implies a sedimentary component within the melt consistent with voluminous S-type granite production during the formation of Gondwana. The similarity of the ɛHf and geochemistry between both zircon age populations suggest derivation from a uniform source that did not undergo significant modification between 615–570 Ma. Time-constrained apatite–zircon chemistry addresses complexities in dating S-type granitoids (zircon inheritance) and permits inferences on post-magmatic thermal histories. Supplementary material: Zircon U–Pb, Lu–Hf and trace element data, and apatite U–Pb and trace element data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6484464 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active graben systems in south Tibet and the Himalaya are the surface expression of ongoing east–west extension, although the cause and spatiotemporal evolution of normal faulting is a still a matter of debate. We reconstructed the exhumation history driven by normal faulting in the southern Tangra Yumco graben using new thermochronological data. The Miocene cooling history of the footwall of the main graben-bounding fault is constrained by zircon (U–Th)/He ages (16.7 ± 1.0 to 13.3 ± 0.6 Ma), apatite fission track ages (15.9 ± 2.1 to 13.0 ± 2.1 Ma) and apatite (U–Th)/He ages (7.9 ± 0.4 to 5.3 ± 0.3 Ma). Thermo-kinematic modelling of the data indicates that normal faulting began 19.0 ± 1.1 Ma at a rate of c. 0.2 km myr−1 and accelerated to c. 0.4 km myr−1 at c. 5 Ma. In the northern Tangra Yumco rift, remodelling of published data shows that faulting started c. 5 myr later at 13.9 ± 0.8 Ma. The age difference and the distance of 130 km between these two sites indicates that rifting and normal faulting propagated northward at an average rate of c. 25 km myr−1. As this rate is similar to the Miocene convergence rate between India and south Tibet, we argue that the under-thrusting of India beneath Tibet exerted an important control on the propagation of rifts in south Tibet. Supplementary material: Figures S1, S2, and Table S1 with details on apatite fission track analysis are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6198584 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2023 JUN 3 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- From Washington, D.C., NewsRx journalists report that a patent application by the [...]

Apatite (U–Th)/He and apatite fission-track thermochronology is used to constrain the cooling and uplift history of the southern Antarctic Peninsula where easterly-directed subduction of the Phoenix Plate, including ridge–trench collisions, has been taking place along its western margin since the Late Cretaceous. Apatite ages and thermal history models are similar on eastern Palmer Land but are younger and vary across westernmost Palmer Land and Alexander Island. Transformation of thermal history models to a single plot shows how cooling rates varied as a function of distance from the trench zone. Eastern Palmer Land preserves a record of uplift during the Late Cretaceous that coincides with changes in Phoenix Plate convergence rates and direction. In contrast, western Palmer Land and Alexander Island experienced a period of increased rates of cooling between c. 25 and 15 Ma. This younger phase of exhumation is bounded by major fault zones related to the extension and rifting that formed the present-day George VI Sound. It was probably triggered by cessation of subduction owing to trench collision of a ridge segment NE of the Heezen fracture zone. No evidence was found for slab window influences as seen along the northernmost part of the Antarctic Peninsula. Supplementary material: QTQt thermal models, a PDF with analytical protocols and supplementary tables are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6086234 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2023 FEB 11 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators publish new report on Nanotechnology - Nanopowders. According to news reporting [...]

A recent study conducted by the Polish Academy of Sciences has explored the use of nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) and curcumin extract from Curcuma longa L. rhizome in the creation of a green composite for food packaging. The researchers found that incorporating HAp into a polylactide (PLA) matrix improved the properties of the composite, and the addition of the curcumin extract further enhanced its benefits. The resulting material exhibited antioxidant and antibacterial properties, making it suitable for applications in the medical sector, food packaging, and coatings. The study provides valuable insights into the potential of incorporating nanostructures into sustainable packaging materials. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at University Mohamed I in Oujda, Morocco, explores the use of oxygen-doped phosphocalcic apatites as a potential biomaterial for bone infection prevention and treatment. The researchers synthesized oxygen-doped phosphocalcic apatites and investigated the impact of the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio on their composition and structure. The study found that the oxygen-doped apatites were calcium-deficient and had well-defined crystallinity. The quantity of molecular oxygen released increased with the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio. Further research is needed to fully understand the properties of oxygenated apatite and its potential applications in biomedical composites. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Korea University has found an efficient method for creating bioactive surface coatings using calcium minerals. The researchers developed a step-wise biomimetic coating method that transforms calcium carbonate vaterite into carbonated apatite, the main mineral found in human bone. This method allows for the rapid formation of carbonated apatite, which can greatly improve time efficiency in research and industrial applications. The study concluded that the step-wise method has the potential to confer bioactivity to biomaterial surfaces, such as non-bioactive metal or scaffold surfaces, within one day. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Hanoi University of Science and Technology discusses the use of mesoporous carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) and strontium-substituted CO3Ap (Sr-CO3Ap) nanocrystals for bone replacement and drug delivery applications. The researchers synthesized these nanocrystals and found that Sr-CO3Ap exhibited larger pore volume and specific surface area compared to CO3Ap. When tested with osteoblast-like cells, both CO3Ap and Sr-CO3Ap showed good cell attachment, proliferation rates, and increased ALP activity, particularly at higher strontium concentrations. These findings suggest potential for further exploration of mesoporous apatite nanocrystals in biomedical applications. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Tufts University in Boston, Massachusetts, explored the use of a novel synthetic bone substitute called carbonate apatite (CO3 Ap) granules in implant treatments. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CO3 Ap granules in three cases of immediate implant placement and guided bone regeneration. The findings showed that CO3 Ap granules were efficiently resorbed and replaced bone tissue, and maintained their morphology around the implant. However, the researchers emphasized the need for further clinical studies and long-term reports on this new biomaterial. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report discusses research findings on dentistry, specifically focusing on the role of hydrogen bonding in fluoridated teeth. The study conducted by researchers at the University of Vermont explores the substitution of fluoride (F) for hydroxyl (OH) in the apatite anion column. The research reveals that as fluoride concentrations increase, the hydroxyl contributes increasing amounts of hydrogen bonding to stabilize the substituent fluoride column anion. This study provides valuable insights into the structural variations in fluoridated teeth and contributes to our understanding of the benefits of fluoride in preventing dental caries. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) explored the effects of pH on the microarchitecture of carbonate apatite (CAp) granules, which have a similar composition to bone. The researchers found that the pH of the phosphate solution used in the fabrication process influenced the composition, crystal morphology, microarchitecture, and degradation behavior of the CAp granules. However, the pH did not affect the macroarchitecture of the granules. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of artificial bones for bone regeneration. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Manipal Academy of Higher Education in Karnataka, India have published a report on the use of hydroxyapatite (HAp) in regenerative medicine. HAp, a calcium phosphate mineral, is widely used in artificial bone grafts, dental implants, and drug delivery systems. The researchers highlight the potential of HAp in various applications, including water treatment, polymer composites, targeted drug delivery, bioresorbable implants, and 3D-printed scaffolds. They also acknowledge challenges such as cost and scalability limitations. The study concludes that future research should focus on refining HAp synthesis techniques and exploring its biological applications in emerging fields like nanotechnology and regenerative medicine. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Centre of Excellence focused on the adsorption of copper ions (Cu(II)) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) using a composite adsorbent. The researchers found that the presence of antibiotics like CIP significantly affects the efficacy of Cu(II) adsorption. To increase adsorption sites, the researchers incorporated hydroxyapatite (Hap) into a metakaolin/sludge-based geopolymer adsorbent. They studied the effects of different Hap filler loadings on the removal efficiency of Cu(II) and CIP in both single and binary systems. The study concluded that the hybrid method of geopolymer and Hap is an efficient approach for treating wastewater containing Cu(II) and CIP. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from Budapest, Hungary discusses the findings of a study on synovial chondromatosis, a condition characterized by the formation of cartilage nodules in the synovial membrane of joints. The study compared the histology of crystal deposits in three related metabolic disorders: apatite rheumatism, chondrocalcinosis, and primary synovial chondromatosis. The researchers used a non-staining technique to analyze tissue samples and found that apatite rheumatism and chondrocalcinosis are different stages of the same metabolic disorder, while primary synovial chondromatosis is a defective variant with reduced mineralization capabilities. The study concluded that the non-staining technique was more effective than conventional stains for detecting crystals in metabolic diseases. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Monash University Malaysia have been studying carbonate apatite (CA) as a potential drug delivery nanocarrier for cancer treatment. They compared two formulations of CA and found that the high-Ca2+ CA was more effective for in vivo delivery of therapeutics. The particles formed by both formulations were similar in size and had a protein corona composed of albumin, fetuin, haemoglobin, and immunoglobulins. The researchers also observed increased expression of ribosomal machinery and glycolytic and cytoskeletal proteins in cancer cells treated with CA, promoting translation, growth, and proliferation. The study concludes that CA is not cytotoxic. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan, explores the use of bone-like self-regulatory sacrificial bond formation to create tough hydroxyapatite hydrogels. The researchers aim to learn from nature in order to develop synthetic materials with specific functions. By introducing biomineral hydroxyapatite found in bones, the researchers were able to design coupled reactions that regulate the bridging of calcium ions to the acidic polymer, resulting in tougher hydrogels. This research not only contributes to the design of tough soft materials but also provides insights into the self-regulated bone-toughening mechanisms. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Osaka Dental University in Japan compared two bioresorbable bone substitutes, carbonate apatite (CGs) and ss-tricalcium phosphate (ss-TCP), for vertical bone augmentation in rats. The study found that the ss-TCP-implanted group had a higher bone volume to total volume ratio (BV/TV) compared to the CG-implanted group at 4 and 12 weeks postoperatively. The researchers concluded that ss-TCP exhibited the ability to form blood vessels into the graft material and had an elevated production of collagen during the bone formation process. The study was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) discusses the use of carbonated apatite as a bone graft material for bone regenerative treatment in implant therapy. The study examined the outcomes of ridge preservation and augmentation using carbonated apatite in 20 patients who required bone regeneration and implant placement. The results showed that the use of carbonated apatite alone as a bone graft material resulted in stable and favorable bone regeneration. This research provides valuable insights into the potential of carbonated apatite in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Trento in Italy explores the use of apatite/chitosan composites for drug delivery and bone tissue engineering applications. The researchers synthesized biomimetic apatite and apatite/chitosan composites using mussel shells as a calcium source. Cold sintering was used to densify the materials, and the composites were found to have a sustained release of an antiosteoporotic drug for about 19 days without cytotoxicity. This research provides valuable insights into the development of bone substitutes and drug delivery systems. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Kangwon National University in Chunchon, South Korea discusses the synthesis and characterization of PEGylated hydroxyapatite-zirconia oxide nanoparticles (PHAP-ZrO2 NPs) for potential use in bone tissue engineering. The study examined the physicochemical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles and assessed their cytotoxicity on HEK-293 cells and red blood cells. The results showed that the PHAP-ZrO2 NPs had minimal toxicity and could potentially be developed as drug delivery carriers for therapeutic applications. The research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Medical University of Varna in Bulgaria discusses the use of carbonate apatite in bone reconstructive surgery and tissue engineering. The researchers conducted a systematic review of 18 studies and found that carbonate apatite has excellent biocompatibility, resorbability, and osteoconductivity. It closely resembles bone tissue and causes minimal immunological reactions, making it suitable for various medical applications such as bone substitution, scaffolding, implant coating, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. This research provides valuable insights into the biological properties and medical applications of carbonate apatite. [Extracted from the article]

2022 MAR 5 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Researchers detail new data in Enterococcus faecalis. According to news originating from [...]

The effects of YO 1.5 doping in yttria-zirconia based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) against CMAS interaction/infiltration are discussed. The TBCs with an YO 1.5 content ranging from 43–67 mol.% (balance ZrO 2) were produced by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) techniques. The results reveal a trend of higher apatite formation probability with the higher free YO 1.5 available in the yttria-zirconia system. Additionally, the infiltration resistance and amount of consumed coating appears to be strongly dependent on the YO 1.5 content in the coating. The thinnest reaction layer and lowest infiltration was found for the highest produced 67YO 1.5 coating. Complementary XRD experiments with volcanic ash/YO 1.5 powder mixtures with higher yttria contents than in the coatings (80YO 1.5 and pure YO 1.5) also showed higher apatite formation with respect to increasing yttria content. The threshold composition to promote apatite-based reaction products was found to be around 50YO 1.5 in zirconia which was proved in the coatings and XRD powder experiments. An YO 1.5 -ZrO 2 -FeO-TiO 2 bearing zirconolite-type phase was formed as a reaction product for all the coating compositions which implicates that TiO 2 in the melt acts as a trigger for zirconolite formation. This phase could be detrimental for CMAS/volcanic ash infiltration resistance since it can be formed alongside with apatite which controls or limits the amount of Y3+ available for glass crystallization. The Fe rich garnet phase containing all the possible elements exhibited a slower nucleation compared to apatite and its growth was enhanced with slow cooling rates. The implications of phase stability and heat treatment effects on the reaction products are discussed for tests performed at 1250 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent report from the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NIAIST) in Tsukuba, Japan, discusses research on tissue engineering. The study focuses on the use of a fluoride-incorporated apatite coating on a collagen sponge as a carrier for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The researchers found that the fluoride content in the coating layer affected the release of bFGF, which could enhance bone regeneration. The study provides valuable insights for the design of a mineralized, bFGF-releasing collagen scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Further studies are needed to validate these findings. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU) in Germany have synthesized rubidium-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) using a sol-gel method. The study evaluated the impact of rubidium incorporation on the formation of hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA), cytotoxicity, and antibacterial properties of the particles. The results showed the formation of HCA on the surface of the MBGN and Rb-doped MBGN pellets, as well as an inhibition zone for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus around the Rb-doped MBGN pellets. The researchers suggest that these Rb-containing MBGNs could be used in biomedical applications, such as filler nanoparticles in composite bone scaffolds. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the National University of Singapore explores the use of silicon-based apatite microspheres for bone tissue engineering applications. The study found that incorporating silicon into hydroxyapatite microspheres enhanced their functional properties, resulting in improved cell viability and rapid cell proliferation. The silicon-incorporated microspheres also demonstrated better differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts compared to microspheres without silicon. The research suggests that the incorporation of silicon into apatite microspheres can accelerate the formation of apatite nucleation sites and improve the interface between the microspheres and bone-forming cells. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Medical University of Warsaw in Poland explored the synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatites that mimic bone apatite. The researchers modified various parameters of the synthesis process, such as pH, reagent concentration, temperature, and aging time, and analyzed the resulting materials using different analytical methods. The study found that the concentration of reagents and temperature influenced the size and shape of the crystallites, while pH and aging time affected the amount of doped ions and the biocompatibility of the materials. The research identified optimal conditions for synthesizing highly biomimetic and biocompatible materials. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology in Vietnam focused on the fabrication of porous carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) artificial bone for biomedical applications. The researchers aimed to develop a cost-effective method that would maintain a balance between porosity and mechanical properties. Techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the phase and microstructure characteristics of the porous CO3Ap blocks. The study concluded that the mechanical strength of the blocks remained suitable for handling properties, allowing them to withstand initial stress during implantation procedures or in the early stages of defect healing. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the Medical University of Warsaw in Poland has explored the use of biomimetic apatite/natural polymer composite granules as a potential dental tissue regenerative material. The composite biomaterials were designed to address the challenge of dental and periodontal tissue loss. The study evaluated the morphology, porosity, chemical structure, swelling behavior, drug release kinetics, and release profiles of the granules. The results showed that the biomaterials exhibited high water-absorption capacity and demonstrated non-cytotoxic behavior, suggesting their potential applicability in dental scenarios. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) in Japan explored the use of carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) for periodontal regeneration therapy. The study involved four patients with periodontitis and evaluated the safety and efficacy of CO3Ap in treating intrabony defects and Class II and Class III furcation involvement. The results showed promising outcomes, with improvements in clinical parameters and radiographic analysis. The study suggests that CO3Ap has the potential to be a promising bone graft substitute for periodontal regeneration. However, the efficacy of CO3Ap in treating Class III furcation involvement may be limited. [Extracted from the article]

Focuses on fossils which were formed quickly enough to preserve muscles and internal organs. The rarity of such well preserved fossils; The role of apatite, or calcium phosphate; Conditions which must exist for quick fossilization; Areas of the world where large numbers of well preserved fossils have been found; Speculation that the sealing of an area is the key to quick fossilization. INSET: The fossil next door.

2021 MAY 22 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Current study results on Nanotechnology - Nanocomposites have been published. According to [...]

The Benin continental margin was formed during the breakup of Gondwana through oblique rifting along transform faults. The evolution of topography following breakup directly affects the evolution of sedimentary basins, which has major implications for hydrocarbon exploration in the region. Quantitative constraints on erosion across Benin are limited to the Cenozoic, based on analysis of dissected lateritic palaeolandscapes. To resolve the Mesozoic erosion history, we have obtained apatite fission-track and single-grain (U-Th-Sm)/He data from 18 samples collected across a 600 km long transect through Benin. We invert these data, including available geological and geomorphological constraints, to obtain time-temperature paths, which are used to estimate magnitudes of denudation over the last 200 myr. Our study suggests that denudation was focused over a c. 300 km long seaward sloping limb of the marginal upwarp and at the southern margin of the interior Iullemmeden Basin from 140 to 100 Ma with lower magnitudes of denudation characterizing the continental interior and post-Cretaceous evolution of the margin. Models are consistent with modest burial (c. 1 km) of the Iullemmeden Basin between 120 and 85 Ma, and of the continental margin between 85 and 45 Ma. By the Eocene the first-order relief of Benin had developed, with regional erosion rates <20 m Ma-1 since then. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers at the Kyushu Institute for Technology in Fukuoka, Japan have conducted a study on the apatite formation on a titanium-zirconium (Ti-50Zr) alloy in a simulated body environment. The Ti-50Zr alloy is a strong material that can be used for bone and teeth repair, but it has limited bonding ability with bone. The researchers compared different surface treatments of the alloy and found that treatment with 5 M NaOH followed by 1 M CaCl2 was the most effective in promoting apatite formation, while samples treated with 10 M NaOH did not form any apatite. This research has been peer-reviewed and published in the Dental Materials Journal. [Extracted from the article]

The Neoproterozoic strata of the Sichuan Basin are a key target for oil and gas. To evaluate the hydrocarbon evolution and its relationship with tectonic events in the Micang Shan uplift, northernmost Sichuan Basin, we apply solid bitumen geochemistry (bitumen reflectance and fluorescence) and Re-Os geochronology. The geochemistry of the solid bitumen indicates that it is highly mature pyrobitumen that formed contemporaneously with dry-gas generation during oil thermal cracking. The pyrobitumen is enriched in both Re (-106-191 ppb) and Os (-3030-5670 parts per trillion). The Re-Os isotope data imply an Early Jurassic date for pyrobitumen formation, which coincides well with age estimates from fluid-inclusion data and basin modeling. The Re-Os date for pyrobitumen formation coupled with previously presented apatite fission-track (AFT) analysis show that exhumation of the Neoproterozoic strata occurred during the Cretaceous in the Micang Shan uplift. This extensive uplift led to the erosion of any potential gas reservoirs and surface exposure of bitumen-bearing Neoproterozoic strata. In contrast, the more southern and central portions of the Sichuan Basin have experienced less severe exhumation and, as a result, Neoproterozoic-sourced gas systems are present. This study shows that, through the combined application of Re-Os and AFT methodologies, the timing of gas generation and subsequent erosion of any potential gas reservoirs in the Micang Shan uplift, northern Sichuan Basin, can be quantified. Moreover, the Re-Os and AFT data illustrate the potential to constrain the timing of gas generation in petroleum systems worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "The eggshell particles and apatite micro-nanoparticles were cytocompatible when incubated with MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells and m17.ASC murine mesenchymal stem cells and promoted the osteogenic differentiation of m17.ASC cells. Keywords: Bioengineering; Biomedical Engineering; Biomedicine; Biotechnology; Bone Regeneration; Bone Substitutes; Emerging Technologies; Health and Medicine; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Tissue Engineering EN Bioengineering Biomedical Engineering Biomedicine Biotechnology Bone Regeneration Bone Substitutes Emerging Technologies Health and Medicine Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Tissue Engineering 616 616 1 08/28/23 20230831 NES 230831 2023 AUG 31 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Blood Weekly -- Fresh data on tissue engineering are presented in a new report. [Extracted from the article]

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "The fabricated Sr-FHA microspheres may be a potential candidate as bioactive fluoride therapy carriers for the treatment of osteoporosis and bone defects." The strontium and fluoride substituted hydroxyapatite (Sr-FHA) micro-spheres were successfully fabricated only through the Sr ion assistant and the optimization of hydrothermal reaction conditions.". [Extracted from the article]

The resulted HAp and HA/Sr nanoparticles were then combined with PVA to create fibrous PVA-HAp or PVA-HA/Sr matrices in 2 or 4 mol % Sr ions substitution by electrospinning. Studies from University Gadjah Mada Add New Findings in the Area of Tissue Engineering [Fibrous PVA Matrix Containing Strontium-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles from Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata L.) Keywords: Alkaline Earth Metals; Apatites; Bioengineering; Biomedical Engineering; Biomedicine; Biotechnology; Bone Regeneration; Bone Substitutes; Bone-Tissue Engineering; Emerging Technologies; Engineering; Health and Medicine; Hydroxyapatites; Minerals; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Phosphates; Phosphoric Acids; Strontium; Tissue Engineering EN Alkaline Earth Metals Apatites Bioengineering Biomedical Engineering Biomedicine Biotechnology Bone Regeneration Bone Substitutes Bone-Tissue Engineering Emerging Technologies Engineering Health and Medicine Hydroxyapatites Minerals Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Phosphates Phosphoric Acids Strontium Tissue Engineering 539 539 1 08/14/23 20230817 NES 230817 2023 AUG 17 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Blood Weekly -- Investigators publish new report on tissue engineering. [Extracted from the article]

Wroclaw, Poland, Europe, Bioengineering, Biomedical Engineering, Biomedicine, Biotechnology, Health and Medicine, Tissue Engineering Keywords: Wroclaw; Poland; Europe; Bioengineering; Biomedical Engineering; Biomedicine; Biotechnology; Health and Medicine; Tissue Engineering EN Wroclaw Poland Europe Bioengineering Biomedical Engineering Biomedicine Biotechnology Health and Medicine Tissue Engineering 475 475 1 08/14/23 20230817 NES 230817 2023 AUG 17 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Blood Weekly -- Current study results on Biomedical Engineering - Tissue Engineering have been published. Keywords for this news article include: Wroclaw, Poland, Europe, Bioengineering, Biomedical Engineering, Biomedicine, Biotechnology, Health and Medicine, Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Biskra; Algeria; Biotechnology EN Biskra Algeria Biotechnology 555 555 1 08/14/23 20230817 NES 230817 2023 AUG 17 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Blood Weekly -- Current study results on Biotechnology have been published. Our news correspondents report that additional information may be obtained by contacting O. K. Kribaa, University Mohamed Khider of Biskra, Materials Science Department, Appl Chem Lab, Biskra, Algeria. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Bioengineering; Biomedical Engineering; Biomedicine; Biotechnology; Health and Medicine; Tissue Engineering EN Bioengineering Biomedical Engineering Biomedicine Biotechnology Health and Medicine Tissue Engineering 318 318 1 08/14/23 20230817 NES 230817 2023 AUG 17 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Blood Weekly -- New research on tissue engineering is the subject of a new report. Bioengineering, Biomedical Engineering, Biomedicine, Biotechnology, Health and Medicine, Tissue Engineering. [Extracted from the article]

The purification method according to claim 1, wherein the first elution step comprises the pH gradient elution, the first adsorbent comprising fluoroapatite, and the second elution step comprises the salt concentration gradient elution, the second adsorbent comprising hydroxyapatite. Keywords: Apatites; Bioengineering; Biological Products; Biomedical Engineering; Biomedicine; Biotechnology; Business; Drugs and Therapies; Enterovirus; Gene Therapy; Health and Medicine; Hoya Technosurgical Corporation; Hydroxyapatites; Immunization; Minerals; Phosphates; Phosphoric Acids; Picornaviridae; Poliovirus; RNA Viruses; Regenerative Medicine; Vaccines; Virology; Viruses EN Apatites Bioengineering Biological Products Biomedical Engineering Biomedicine Biotechnology Business Drugs and Therapies Enterovirus Gene Therapy Health and Medicine Hoya Technosurgical Corporation Hydroxyapatites Immunization Minerals Phosphates Phosphoric Acids Picornaviridae Poliovirus RNA Viruses Regenerative Medicine Vaccines Virology Viruses 427 427 1 07/24/23 20230728 NES 230728 2023 JUL 27 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Vaccine Weekly -- A patent application by the inventor KUROSAWA, Yae (Tokyo, JP), filed on June 16, 2020, was made available online on July 6, 2023, according to news reporting originating from Washington, D.C., by NewsRx correspondents. Recently, our team standardized the hydroxyapatite chromatography procedure and successfully purified dengue virus type 2 and Japanese encephalitis virus from the cell culture supernatants of virus-infected C6/36 cells and mouse brain homogenate, respectively, using one-step hydroxyapatite liquid chromatography. [Extracted from the article]

For more information on this research see: Carbonate apatite nanoparticles: A novel nano-adjuvant for oral mucosal vaccines and immunomodulator. Keywords: Alkalies; Anions; Biological Products; Carbonates; Carbonic Acid; Emerging Technologies; Health and Medicine; Immunization; Nanoadjuvants; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Risk and Prevention; Vaccines EN Alkalies Anions Biological Products Carbonates Carbonic Acid Emerging Technologies Health and Medicine Immunization Nanoadjuvants Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Risk and Prevention Vaccines 195 195 1 07/10/23 20230714 NES 230714 2023 JUL 12 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Vaccine Weekly -- Fresh data on vaccines are presented in a new report. [Extracted from the article]