Search

To understand the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on rice (Oryza sativaL.) eating and cooking quality (ECQ). Here, we investigated the ECQ attributes, physicochemical foundation of ECQ, and amylopectin fine structure of two Waxy(Wx) alleles japonicarice cultivars Nanjing 9108 (NJ9108) and Huaidao 5 (HD5) under four N rates (0, 150, 300, and 450 kg ha−1). Sensory and pasting properties of the two cultivars varied depending on N rates. Compared with the control (0 kg ha−1), the overall eating quality and sensory value were significantly decreased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha−1. Further, conventional descriptive analysis showed that the stickiness and retrogradation of cooked rice were significantly decreased. These results indicated that application of N fertilizer seems to affect the texture of cooked rice, causing it to be less sticky, lowering its retrogradation, and consequently reducing its palatability. Results from rapid visco analyzer (RVA) revealed that the peak and breakdown viscosities significantly decreased, while the setback viscosity and peak time increased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha−1. However, no significant difference was observed when the N rate was 150 kg ha−1, indicating that less N fertilization can maintain rice ECQ. As the N rate increasing, protein content increased, whereas apparent amylose content, starch content, and gel consistency almost unchanged. Interestingly, compared with the control, under N treatments, the percentage of short amylopectin branches in NJ9108 was decreased, but increased in HD5, as controlled by amylopectin synthesis-related genes. Notably, SSIand BEIIbwere down-regulated in NJ9108, whereas BEIIbwas up-regulated in HD5. Thus, the palatability of both rice cultivars was significantly decreased under excessive N fertilization as a consequence of reduced stickiness and retrogradation of the cooked rice, which might have resulted from an elevated protein content and altered amylopectin fine structure. In addition, amylopectin synthesis appeared to be affected by N fertilizer and the genotype of the rice cultivar.

In this study we report the results of a decade-long breeding program for japonicasuper rice made by Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. We concluded that selection of parents with good comprehensive traits and complementary advantages and disadvantages of both parents in the hybrid combination, and early selection of high heritability traits in earlier segregating generations could significantly improve the breeding efficiency. The use of closely-linked functional markers in pyramiding of multiple genes could greatly increase breeding efficiency, avoiding time-consuming and laborious steps that were used in traditional breeding program. It is also important to coordinate the yield components with variety characteristics such as yield stability, wide adaptability, lodging resistance, and an attractive grain appearance during late growth stage of rice.

Though analysis and determination on wastewater quality of Gas Field, it can be seen that the main organic matter in wastewater is low concentration methanol. Aiming at the characteristics of higher degree of mineralization, methanol and lower pH ,the experiment is focusing on the effect of manganese dioxide & hydrogen peroxide catalytic oxidation process on methanol wastewater treatment properties and functions.The results show, for low concentration methanol wastewater,the manganese dioxide used has a diameter of 5nm with a dosage of 300mg/L, also a illumination intensity of 120Q, when the dosing ratio with hydrogen peroxide is 1:10, after 8h reaction period, the degradation rate of methanol were all above 70.0%.The methanol content after treated can meet the reference standard for Gas Field reinjection water

The mineral processing experimental research was carried out on the hematite bearing characteristics of low grade, fine grain,complex composition. The results showed that using the technological flowsheet of “stage grinding- low intensity magnetic separation”, the iron concentrate with recovery of 36.56% and grade of 65.85% Fe can be obtained. And the iron concentrate with recovery of 17.23% and grade of 63.53% Fe can be obtained by “stage grinding-HIMS process-reverse flotation” process. The final iron concentrate with TFe grade of 65.10%,yield of 19.19% and total iron recovery of 53.79% from the raw ores with TFe grade of 23.41％ was obtained, with the first stage grinding size being 55% -0.074mm and the second stage,93% -0.074mm.

This paper establishes correlation analysis model to calculate the profile of trees and the distribution of leaves, and estimate mass of leaves. The establishment of the proposed model makes an in-depth analysis of sample data and determines the interrelationship of all relevant factor which make it easy to operate and applicable to all types of trees. If there are sufficient types of trees, more factors can be considered to make the model more accurate.

We introduce type-2 fuzzy reasoning to models of cellular automata, and combine type-2 fuzzy logic and classic cellular automata model to establish a new model of evolution reasoning, cellular automata model based on type-2 fuzzy logic. The key parts of cellular automata are transition functions and cell states. We fuzzify the transition functions of cellular automata into type-2 fuzzy rules, and cell states into type-2 fuzzy states too. Thus, we establish an improved cellular automata model based on type-2 fuzzy logic.