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Two-dimensional materials with intrinsic magnetism have provoked comprehensive attention due to their potential application in spintronics. In this work, based on density functional theory calculations, we report two stable Kagome latticed monolayers, Ti3X5(X = Te, Bi), consisting of three titanium atoms and five Te (Bi) atoms per unit cell, with intrinsic magnetism and out-of-plane magnetic easy axis. Both Ti3X5systems are found to have high thermodynamical and mechanical stability; meanwhile, they exhibit mechanical isotropy reflected by Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Spin-polarized calculations show that the Ti3Te5monolayer is a robust ferromagnetic (FM) half-metal (HM) with the respective Curie temperature (TC) of 72 K, while the Ti3Bi5monolayer is an antiferromagnetic (AFM) metal with Néel temperatures (TN) as high as 132 K. Furthermore, the magnetism of the Ti3Te5monolayer is found to be sensitive to the external strains, in which the FM HM to AFM metal transition occurs when applying 2% compressive strain. Interestingly, the out-of-plane to in-plane magnetic easy axis transition and higher than room temperature TCare achieved from 3% to 6% tensile strains. Our results may provide new clues for searching and designing two-dimensional room temperature FM half-metals.

To integrate the ladder-type surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters of different frequency bands on a monolithic substrate and improve skirt steepness, a new approach of selectively adjusting the electromechanical coupling coefficient ( $k_{t}^{2}$ ) of built-in resonators without reducing their Q values is investigated. Based on the X-cut LiNbO3/SiO2/SiC (LNOSiC) substrate, the in-plane orientations ( $\theta $ ) of the SAW resonators are adjusted to obtain the desired $k_{t}^{2}$ , while long dummy electrodes are applied to suppress the transverse leakage of the acoustic field to maintain a high Q value. For resonators with in-plane orientations ( $\theta $ ) from 0° to 42°, the range of $k_{t}^{2}$ is continuously adjustable from 31% to 5%, while the measured maximum Bode-Q values are maintained around 1800. By presetting the in-plane orientations of resonators, the n25, n66, n40, 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi, n41, and n78 filters with FBW from 3.7% to 12.4% and out-of-band rejection over 35 dB were demonstrated. On the other hand, to meet the high requirements of steep skirts, the $k_{t}^{2}$ of specific resonators in n41 and 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi filters are selectively reduced. Among a set of n41 filters of different designs, the one with steeper skirts has a shunt resonator with an in-plane orientation of 39° and a corresponding $k_{t}^{2}$ of 7.5%. While the rest of the resonators have a uniform in-plane orientation of 27° with $k_{t}^{2}$ of 18%. The filter demonstrates a 3-dB passband from 2496 to 2685 MHz, a minimal insertion loss (IL) of 1.29 dB, and reaches 16 dB rejection at 2483 MHz, which is the edge of the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band. The fabricated 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi filter demonstrates a 3-dB passband of 2388–2482 MHz, a minimum IL of 1.32 dB, and achieves 30 dB rejection at 2496 MHz on the edge of the n41.

This work focuses on addressing the challenges of integrated guidance and control (IGC) for strap-down high-speed missiles with nonlinearities and field-of-view constraints. To achieve this, a data-driven prediction model using the Koopman operator is developed, which exhibits high accuracy in capturing the significant nonlinearities of the investigated high-speed missiles. Furthermore, the field-of-view restrictions imposed by the strap-down seeker are addressed by introducing a Lyapunov-based model predictive control (LMPC) scheme based on the linear Koopman prediction model. To enhance the robustness of the system, a disturbance observer is integrated into the Koopman-operator-based LMPC (KLMPC), enabling the estimation and compensation of disturbances. A KLMPC-based IGC (KLMPC-IGC) design framework is then developed to solve the constrained IGC problem, ensuring the stability and robustness of the closed-loop system. Numerical simulation results validate the higher prediction accuracy of the proposed linear prediction model compared with traditional local linearization prediction, as well as demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approach.

MXene stands out as a rising family of transition metal carbides/nitrides with exceptional size-dependent properties and versatile potential applications. However, the realization of large MXene with a controllable surface at atomic level remains challenging to keep the balance among the conductivity, stability and activity. Herein, the horizontal oscillation-induced delamination (HOD) strategy is proposed to acquire Ti3C2flakes with large size and low Ti–Ti coordination (HO-Ti3C2). The average size of the as-obtained flakes can reach 6.48 µm to keep the overall conductive skeleton and merits from large size. Simultaneously, metal atoms at surface can be partially removed due to the enhanced local vibrational turbulence during the reciprocating horizontal oscillation process. Such MXenes with clear and unique surface states exhibit high potentials in ion adsorption together with satisfied electric conductivity and stability. As proof of concept, HO-Ti3C2anode exhibits remarkable rate capability and long-term stability during sodium storage. A capacity of 100.5 mAh g−1with a long-life cycle (4,500 cycles) at a high rate of 1.0 A g−1originates from the increased s-d interaction between Na and Ti. Therefore, the HOD strategy provides a controllable surface design to promote the clear criteria into size-dependent research on MXene.

As a promising material, lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN) thin films on heterogeneous substrates have received widespread attention in the field of radio frequency (RF) for broadband filters in recent years. This article proposes a wafer-scale 42°YX LN/SiO2/36°YX quartz (LNOQ) substrate for spurious-free shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) resonators. Through 3-D finite element simulation, the structures of the LNOQ and interdigital electrodes are optimized to get a large electromechanical coupling coefficient ( ${k} ^{{2}}$ ) and good confinement of the acoustic energy, as well as to suppress the spurious modes. The LNOQ wafer fabricated by the ion-slicing process exhibits a high film uniformity of 608.16 nm $\pm ~1.4$ %. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the high-resolution X-ray diffraction rocking curve of the LN is only 39.6 arcsec, which has the characteristics of a single crystal. The prepared SAW resonator features a large ${k} ^{{2}}$ of 31.56%, high quality factor of 1048, and a clear response over a wide frequency range. The demonstrated LNOQ platform shows great potential in broadband RF wireless communications.

Manganese-based NASICON-type compounds are promising as high-energy-density cathodes for sodium-ion batteries. However, the structural defects of Mn ions inside the crystal framework reduce the sodium storage capacity, voltage plateau, and cyclic stability of the cathodes. Here, a strategy to inhibit the Mn ion defects of Na4MnCr(PO4)3has been proposed by using different phosphate sources. It is found that Na4MnCr(PO4)3prepared with NH4H2PO4(NMCP-N) exhibits less noticeable voltage hysteresis than that of Na4MnCr(PO4)3prepared with H3PO4(NMCP-H), indicating that the site occupation defects of Mn ions in the Na4MnCr(PO4)3crystal structure are successfully suppressed, as confirmed by theoretical calculations and structural refinements. In the case of NMCP-N, a capacity of 109.7 mAh g–1is delivered at 0.01 A g–1, and 54.2% capacity retention can be kept after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g–1, which is much better than that of the counterpart of NMCP-H (a lower capacity of 96.1 mAh g–1and poorer cyclability of only 22.8% capacity retention after 500 cycles), showing that the structure defects strongly affect the sodium storage properties of Na4MnCr(PO4)3cathodes. This work provides an effective strategy to manipulate the structure defects of Mn-based NASICON-type cathode materials to enhance their electrochemistry.

The hierarchical packaging of chromatin fibers plays a critical role in gene regulation. The 30-nm chromatin fibers, a central-level structure bridging nucleosomal arrays to higher-order organizations, function as the first level of transcriptional dormant chromatin. The dynamics of 30-nm chromatin fiber play a crucial role in biological processes related to DNA. Here, we report a 3.6-angstrom resolution cryogenic electron microscopy structure of H5-bound dodecanucleosome, i.e., the chromatin fiber reconstituted in the presence of linker histone H5, which shows a two-start left-handed double helical structure twisted by tetranucleosomal units. An atomic structural model of the H5-bound chromatin fiber, including an intact chromatosome, is built, which provides structural details of the full-length linker histone H5, including its N-terminal domain and an HMG-motif-like C-terminal domain. The chromatosome structure shows that H5 binds the nucleosome off-dyad through a three-contact mode in the chromatin fiber. More importantly, the H5-chromatin structure provides a fine molecular basis for the intra-tetranucleosomal and inter-tetranucleosomal interactions. In addition, we systematically validated the physiological functions and structural characteristics of the tetranucleosomal unit through a series of genetic and genomic studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeand in vitro biophysical experiments. Furthermore, our structure reveals that multiple structural asymmetries of histone tails confer a polarity to the chromatin fiber. These findings provide structural and mechanistic insights into how a nucleosomal array folds into a higher-order chromatin fiber with a polarity in vitro and in vivo.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a deep learning model for predicting distal aortic remodeling after proximal thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD) using computed tomography angiography (CTA).Methods: A total of 147 patients with acute or subacute TBAD who underwent proximal TEVAR at a single center were retrospectively reviewed. The boundary of aorta was manually segmented, and the point clouds of each aorta were obtained. Prediction of negative aortic remodeling or reintervention was accomplished by a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a point cloud neural network (PC-NN), respectively. The discriminatory value of the established models was mainly evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the test set.Results: The mean follow-up time was 34.0 months (range: 12–108 months). During follow-up, a total of 25 (17.0%) patients were identified as having negative aortic remodeling, and 16 (10.9%) patients received reintervention. The AUC (0.876) by PC-NN for predicting negative aortic remodeling was superior to that obtained by CNN (0.612, p=0.034) and similar to the AUC by PC-NN combined with clinical features (0.884, p=0.92). As to reintervention, the AUC by PC-NN was significantly higher than that by CNN (0.805 vs 0.579; p=0.042), and AUCs by PC-NN combined with clinical features and PC-NN alone were comparable (0.836 vs 0.805; p=0.81).Conclusion: The CTA-based deep learning algorithms may assist clinicians in automated prediction of distal aortic remodeling after TEVAR for acute or subacute TBAD.Clinical Impact: Negative aortic remodeling is the leading cause of late reintervention after proximal thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD), and possesses great challenge to endovascular repair. Early recognizing high-risk patients is of supreme importance for optimizing the follow-up interval and therapy strategy. Currently, clinicians predict the prognosis of these patients based on several imaging signs, which is subjective. The computed tomography angiography-based deep learning algorithms may incorporate abundant morphological information of aorta, provide with a definite and objective output value, and finally assist clinicians in automated prediction of distal aortic remodeling after TEVAR for acute or subacute TBAD.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) present both significant potential and challenges for developing efficient electrocatalysts due to their diverse combinations and compositions. Here, we propose a procedural approach that combines high-throughput experimentation with data-driven strategies to accelerate the discovery of efficient HEA electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This enables the rapid preparation of HEA arrays with various element combinations and composition ratios within a model system. The intrinsic activity of the HEA arrays is swiftly screened using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), providing precise composition–activity data sets for the HEA system. An ensemble machine learning (EML) model is then used to predict the activity database for the composition subspace of the system. Based on these database results, two groups of promising catalysts are recommended and validated through actual electrocatalytic evaluations. This procedural approach, which combines high-throughput experimentation with data-driven strategies, provides a new pathway to accelerate the discovery of efficient HEA electrocatalysts.

Mixed-halide CsPb(Br/Cl)3perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) have attracted extensive attention in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), but their low photoluminescent efficiency and especially poor stability impede their practical applications. Here, we employ bifunctional didodecyldimethylammonium thiocyanide (DDASCN) with a pseudohalogen SCN–and branched DDA+to obtain blue-emitting CsPbBr2Cl PeQDs. DDASCN significantly boosts the photoluminescence quantum yield to 92% by inhibiting nonradiative recombination. Importantly, DDASCN PeQDs show excellent stabilities against air, UV light, heat, and polar solvents. These improved performances were explained by density functional theory calculation, which shows that SCN–fills the Cl–vacancy by simultaneously binding with undercoordinated Pb2+and Cs+, while DDA+connects undercoordinated Br–and lies parallel to the PeQD core, leading to efficient passivation and a strong binding capacity. Finally, we achieved high-performance white LEDs by integrating our PeQDs, resulting in a color-rendering index of 92.9, a color gamut of 119.61%, and chromaticity coordinates of (0.33, 0.33). This provides an effective method to obtain efficient and stable CsPb(Br/Cl)3PeQDs for practical applications.

Chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T (CAR-T) cells induce robust antitumor responses in patients with hematologic malignancies. However, CAR-T cells exhibit only limited efficacy against solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), partially due to their limited expansion and persistence. CD8+T cells, as key components of the adaptive immune response, play a central role in antitumor immunity. Aerobic glycolysis is the main metabolic feature of activated CD8+T cells. In the tumor microenvironment, however, the uptake of large amounts of glucose by tumor cells and other immunosuppressive cells can impair the activation of T cells. Only when tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor microenvironment have a glycolytic advantage might the effector function of T cells be activated. Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) and acylglycerol kinase (AGK) can boost glycolytic metabolism and activate the effector function of CD8+ T cells, respectively. In this study, we generated GPC3-targeted CAR-T cells overexpressing GLUT1 or AGK for the treatment of HCC. GPC3-targeted CAR-T cells overexpressing GLUT1 or AGK specifically and effectively lysed GPC3-positive tumor cells in vitro in an antigen-dependent manner. Furthermore, GLUT1 or AGK overexpression protected CAR-T cells from apoptosis during repeated exposures to tumor cells. Compared with second-generation CAR-T cells, GPC3-targeted CAR-T cells overexpressing GLUT1 or AGK exhibited greater CD8+T-cell persistence in vivo and better antitumor effects in HCC allograft mouse models. Finally, we revealed that GLUT1 or AGK maintained anti-apoptosis ability in CD8+T cells via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. This finding might identify a therapeutic strategy for advanced HCC.

Based on the study of “Looking China - Youth Film Project”, this article puts forward the concept of “joint-shaping” in cross-cultural national image building. The research methods of participatory observation and in-depth interviews are taken to explore the connotation, characteristics, and practice modes of “joint-shaping”. The paper holds that “joint-shaping” is a process in which participants from different cultural backgrounds work together in the same field to shape a country's image on the basis of intercultural exchange and jointly influence the outcome of the country’s image building. To a certain extent, joint-shaping helps to strike a balance between “what China wants to tell” and “what the world wants to hear”.

This study aimed to examine the outcomes of open surgery techniques involving sacotomy and suturing of the feeding vessels in patients with aneurysm sac expansion after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).

Mitochondrial transplantation is an important therapeutic strategy for restoring energy supply in patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD); however, it is limited by the invasiveness of the transplantation method and loss of mitochondrial activity. Here we report successful mitochondrial transplantation by oral administration for IHD therapy. A nitric-oxide-releasing nanomotor is modified on the mitochondria surface to obtain nanomotorized mitochondria with chemotactic targeting ability towards damaged heart tissue due to nanomotor action. The nanomotorized mitochondria are packaged in enteric capsules to protect them from gastric acid erosion. After oral delivery the mitochondria are released in the intestine, where they are quickly absorbed by intestinal cells and secreted into the bloodstream, allowing delivery to the damaged heart tissue. The regulation of disease microenvironment by the nanomotorized mitochondria can not only achieve rapid uptake and high retention of mitochondria by damaged cardiomyocytes but also maintains high activity of the transplanted mitochondria. Furthermore, results from animal models of IHD indicate that the accumulated nanomotorized mitochondria in the damaged heart tissue can regulate cardiac metabolism at the transcriptional level, thus preventing IHD progression. This strategy has the potential to change the therapeutic strategy used to treat IHD.

Combining restrained electrostatic potential (RESP) charges with a low-cost Drude polarization model enhances the accuracy of electrolyte solvation structure simulations.

In this work, a series of CoCrFeNiCeX(x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were designed and prepared through vacuum induction melting. The microstructure, wear resistance and antibacterial behaviors of the HEAs were systematically investigated. The results showed that the HEAs are composed of FCC phase with dendrite structure and CeNi3phase between dendrites. With the increase of Ce content, the mechanical property and antibacterial rate of the alloys was improved gradually. Due to the combined effect of CeNi3phase and fine grain strengthening, the CoCrFeNiCe0.5HEA exhibited high hardness of approximately 382 HV0.2and the wear rate of only 1.11 × 10−4 mm3/N·m under the loading force of 5 N. The CoCrFeNiCe0.5HEA also showed excellent antibacterial ability, which presented a 97.4% antibacterial rate against Escherichia coliand 89.6% antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureusafter 3 days. This work provided a new strategy for designing a high performance alloy with excellent antibacterial behaviors and good wear resistance, which makes it meet the needs of long-term antibacterial application in harsh environments.

China has officially entered the era of negative population growth since 2022. In line with the general trend of reduced birth intentions among contemporary Chinese youth, the popularity of watching online baby videos has been increasing. This paper examines the underlying mechanisms of how online baby videos influence the fertility expectations of Chinese childless youth. Both quantitative regression analysis and qualitative thematic analysis were conducted based on a questionnaire survey (n=  528) and in-depth interviews (n=  15). The results show that: (a) individuals are attracted to online baby videos due to factors such as the algorithmic recommendation mechanism of the platform, interesting video content, and the alignment with the followers’ psychology; (b) continuous engagement with online baby videos is likely to boost the fertility expectations of childless youth in two ways: by increasing their willingness to have children and reinforcing their inherent desires for parenthood; (c) the combination of emotional and rational appeals in online baby videos improves fertility expectations. The emotional appeal refers to the online baby videos that depict the emotional value of children in relation to self-growth, emotional companionship, and spiritual comfort. The rational appeal, on the other hand, refers to the online baby videos that present positive role models and decision-making bases to enhance the parenting self-efficacy of childless youth; (d) the increase in fertility willingness through watching baby videos is a subtle and gradual process, rather than an instantaneous transformation. This research not only theoretically explores the extension of dimensions of children’s emotional value but also contributes to understanding the potential role of online baby video clips in practical efforts to enhance young people’s fertility expectations.

This digest discusses the impact of traditional Vietnamese culture, family relationships, and bicultural conflicts on children's development and adjustment. Vietnamese parents tend to have relatively low levels of English language proficiency and education, low-paying jobs, and few financial resources. Although they work hard to improve their lives through U.S. opportunities, they are also committed to retaining their values and culture. Vietnamese children who are the least assimilated into U.S. youth subcultures tend to show the highest levels of academic performance. Cultural conflicts between immigrant parents and children born or reared in the United States are common. Vietnamese families face the following types of bicultural problems in achieving generational consonance: (1) parental authority; (2) modes of punishment; (3) views on U.S. culture; (4) role reversal; and (5) gender roles. Schools and other organizations that work with Vietnamese youth and their families can help them bridge the cultural gap through ethnic community, especially by understanding the effects of family loss, exile, and resettlement. Schools and other organizations should work with Vietnamese elders as well as students and try to improve ties between Vietnamese communities and the schools. Culturally sensitive adult and peer group assistance can help children develop bicultural ties and skills. Establishing Vietnamese language classes and other programs featuring ethnic culture can enhance the scholastic performance of Vietnamese students. (Contains 11 references.) (SLD)

Drug delivery systems based on natural carriers have recently gained considerable interest. However, rapid gastric emptying makes it difficult for drugs to remain in the stomach, and the complex modification or loading processes limit their advantages. Inspired by algal bloom characteristics, we designed a microalgae-based natural floating biosystem as a gastric drug delivery system for the treatment of alcohol-induced diseases. With the buoyancy of Spirulina platensisand the adhesion of bismuth pectin, the resveratrol can float in simulated gastric fluid for longer retention and be released rapidly upon contact with alcohol. In both mouse and piglet models, most of the floating biosystem can be retained in the stomach and effectively alleviate the inflammatory damage caused by alcohol with minimal toxicity. This biosystem can be quickly prepared by a simple mixing approach, which does not affect the bioactivity of microalgae, is suitable for large-scale production, and has potential for clinical practice.

Recent advances in biomass valorization and organic transformations via selective carbon–carbon bond cleavage are overviewed with emphasis on reaction routes and mechanisms.

The formation of H2O2through the two-electron photocatalytic water oxidation reaction (WOR) is significant but encounters the competition with the four-electron O2evolution reaction. Recent studies showed a crystal-phase dependence in H2O2selectivity, where high purity brookite TiO2(b-TiO2) exhibits remarkable H2O2selectivity in contrast to the common rutile phase TiO2(r-TiO2). However, the origin of such a structure-induced selectivity preference remains elusive, primarily due to the complexities associated with the solid–liquid interface system and excited-state chemistry. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the selectivity mechanism of WOR at the water/b-TiO2(210) and water/r-TiO2(110) interfaces, employing first-principles molecular dynamics simulations and microkinetic analyses. Intriguingly, our results reveal that the intrinsic catalytic ability of the b-TiO2(210) itself does not enhance H2O2selectivity compared to r-TiO2(110). Instead, it is the weakened interfacial hydrogen bond connectivity, modulated by the herringbone-like local atomic structure of the b-TiO2(210) surface, that determines the selectivity. Specifically, this weakened H-bond connectivity (i.e., local low water density) at the interface, owing to the strong water adsorption and distinct adsorption orientation, can stabilize the OH•radical and inhibit its deprotonation, leading to an improved H2O2selectivity. By contrast, the relatively strong interface H-bond connectivity established over r-TiO2(110) accelerates the deprotonation of OH•, with the OH•coverage being 3 orders of magnitude lower than at the water/b-TiO2(210) interface. This study quantitatively demonstrates that the local H-bond structure (water density) at the liquid/solid interface significantly influences photocatalytic selectivity, and this insight may offer a rational approach to enhance the H2O2selectivity.

•A flexible bidirectional detector is realized by nanowires and hydrogel.•The detector volume is reduced successfully from ∼482 to only 0.18 cm3.•Break the limitation to wear bidirectional photoelectrochemical detector.•Enhance the response speed in the UV range by reducing > 95% response time.•Excellent flexibility and stability are demonstrated by 400-time bending.

This paper presents an integrated guidance and control design for the homing missiles with the radome error compensation to address the guidance problems caused by radome. Firstly, a mathematics model of the integrated guidance and control system with the compensation for the radome error is built by integrating the missile dynamics and the engagement kinematics between the missile and ground target on the longitudinal motion. Secondly, the model is transformed into a normal form by nonlinear coordinate transformation because the system is a time-varying system with mismatched uncertainties. Thirdly, an adaptive control law of the system is designed by adopting the sliding mode control theory, and the stability of the closed-loop system is also conducted. Finally, the simulation proves that the proposed integrated guidance and control scheme can effectively compensate for the radome error and ensure the hit-to-kill attack to the target.

The development of receptive endometrium (RE) from pre-receptive endometrium (PE) for successful embryo implantation is a complex dynamic process in which the morphology and physiological states of the endometrial epithelium undergo a series of significant changes, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this study, a higher circRNA3669 level was observed in PE than in RE of goats. Functional assays revealed that this overexpression promoted the proliferation of goat endometrial epithelial cells (GEECs) by activating the expression of genes related to the PI3K/AKT-mTOR and MAPK pathways, thereby inhibiting apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, circRNA3669 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to upregulate Reticulocalbin-2 (RCN2) expression at the post-transcriptional level by interacting with and downregulating miR-26a in GEECs. In addition, RCN2, which is highly expressed in the PE of goats, was found to be regulated by β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). Our results demonstrated that RCN2also affected the key proteins PI3K, AKT, mTOR, JNK, and P38 in the PI3K/AKT-mTOR and MAPK pathways, thereby facilitating GEECs proliferation and suppressing their apoptosis in vitro. Collectively, we constructed a new circRNA3669-miR-26a-RCN2regulatory network in GEECs, which further provides strong evidence that circRNA could potentially play a crucial regulatory role in the development of RE in goats.

The microbiologically influenced corrosion of CoCrMnNi high entropy alloy induced by P. aeruginosawas investigated in this work. The results of electrochemical tests, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the thickness of passive film was significantly decreased in the presence of P. aeruginosaand the corrosion of HEA was accelerated. When the organic nutrients were deficient, the extracellular electron transfer process was promoted and the corrosion resistance of the HEA was further decreased according to the results of potentiodynamic polarization and Mott-Schottky. The effect of nutrients deficiency on MIC acceleration was more prominent after the degradation of the passive film. Mn metal in the HEA substrate preferentially participated in the bacterial metabolism as an alternative energy source due to the high activity.

Antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE bacteria have become a significant threat to human health due to the ineffectiveness of clinically used broad-spectrum antibiotics. Combination therapy of antibiotic and adjuvant has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, the antibiotic-adjuvant combination with potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against all ESKAPE bacteria remains a huge challenge. Herein, we proposed an effective combination strategy of using polymyxin B (PMB) as the antibiotic, which exhibited potent activity against Gram-negative ESKAPE bacteria, and host defense peptide (HDP)-mimicking cationic antimicrobial poly(2-oxazoline)s that target bacterial membrane as the adjuvant. A series of cationic poly(2-oxazoline)s with varying hydrophobic side chain lengths were synthesized viathe controllable 2-oxazoline polymerization. The results indicate that the combination effect of PMB and HDP-mimicking poly(2-oxazoline)s exhibits the gradual change from antagonistic effect to synergistic effect as the hydrophobicity and ability to disrupt bacterial membrane of poly(2-oxazoline)s increase. Moreover, the optimal poly(2-oxazoline) EACA-POX20significantly enhances the antibacterial activity of PMB, especially against Gram-positive ESKAPE bacteria with 16–32 folds enhancement. The combination strategy of EACA-POX20and PMB effectively broadens the antibacterial spectrum of PMB, enabling it to combat all drug-resistant ESKAPE bacteria. This study presents a promising approach for combating ESKAPE bacteria.

Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) is sensitive to supra‐optimal temperature, which makes summer bentgrass decline (SBD) a main conundrum troubling turf manager. Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA‐6) is an artificial and bioactive plant growth regulator affecting tolerance to various abiotic stresses. It is commercially available for field application due to multiple advantages such as low cost, environmentally friendly compound, and sustainable effect. However, the positive effect and mechanism of DA‐6‐mediated heat tolerance in cool‐season grass species and SBD are not yet been explored. Objectives of the study were to screen the optimal dose of DA‐6 for improvement in thermotolerance and to investigate roles of DA‐6 in regulating photosynthesis, osmotic balance, and antioxidant homeostasis in two creeping bentgrass cultivars (heat‐tolerant 13 M and heat‐sensitive Seaside II) in controlled heat condition. Summer heat tolerance induced by the DA‐6 was further evaluated for 2 years under field conditions in a subtropical zone. Results demonstrated that the optimal dose of DA‐6 was screened as 0.1 mM based on analyses of chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency, and cell membrane stability under heat stress. Foliar application of DA‐6 significantly alleviated heat‐induced leaf senescence by improving photosynthetic performance, accumulation of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose) for osmotic homeostasis, and total antioxidant capacity for reactive oxygen species scavenging in the two cultivars. A 2‐year field test was further carried out to demonstrate that turf quality of the two cultivars was significantly improved after being treated by foliar DA‐6 during hot summer months in 2020 and 2021. Current findings suggested that DA‐6‐mediated thermo‐resistant mechanism was associated with photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant in cool‐season grass species. Foliar application of DA‐6 could be a cheap, effective, and environmentally friendly strategy to alleviate SBD. Foliar application of Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA‐6) could be a cheap, effective, and environmentally friendly strategy to alleviate summer bentgrass decline (SBD).DA‐6‐mediated thermo‐resistant mechanism was associated with photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant.The optimal dose of DA‐6 for thermotolerance of creeping bentgrass was screened as 0.1 mM.

Norovirus (NoV) is regarded as one of the most common causes of foodborne diarrhea in the world. It is urgent to identify the pathogenic microorganism of the diarrhea in short time. In this work, we developed an electrochemical and colorimetric dual-mode detection for NoV based on the excellent dual catalytic properties of copper peroxide/COF-NH2nanocomposite (CuO2@COF-NH2). For the colorimetric detection, NoV can be directly detected by the naked eye based on CuO2@COF-NH2as a laccase-like nonazyme using “peptide-NoV-antibody” recognition mode. The colorimetric assay displayed a wide and quality linear detection range from 1 copy/mL to 5000 copies/mL of NoV with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.125 copy/mL. For the electrochemical detection of NoV, CuO2@COF-NH2showed an oxidation peak of copper ion from Cu+to Cu2+using “peptide-NoV-antibody” recognition mode. The electrochemical assay showed a linear detection range was 15000 copies/mL with a LOD of 0.152 copy/mL. It’s worthy to note that this assay does not need other electrical signal molecule, which provide the stable and sensitive electrochemial detection for NoV. The electrochemical and colorimetric dual-mode detection was used to detect NoV in foods and faceal samples, which has the potential for improving food safety and diagnosing of NoV-infected diarrhea.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains a fatal disease in the elderly. Currently, no drugs can be clinically used for AAA therapy. Considering the pivotal role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of AAA, herein we propose the targeted therapy of AAA by site-specifically regulating neutrophilic inflammation. Based on a luminol-conjugated α-cyclodextrin material (LaCD), intrinsically anti-inflammatory nanoparticles (NPs) were engineered by simple nanoprecipitation, which were examined as a nanotherapy (defined as LaCD NP). After efficient accumulation in the aneurysmal aorta and localization in pathologically relevant inflammatory cells in rats with CaCl2-induced AAA, LaCD NP significantly alleviated AAA progression, as implicated by the decreased aortic expansion, suppressed elastin degradation, inhibited calcification, and improved structural integrity of the abdominal aorta. By functionalizing LaCD NP with alendronate, a calcification-targeting moiety, the in vivoaneurysmal targeting capability of LaCD NP was considerably enhanced, thereby affording significantly potentiated therapeutic outcomes in AAA rats. Mechanistically, LaCD NP can effectively inhibit neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses in the aneurysmal aorta. Particularly, LaCD NP potently attenuated the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), thereby suppressing NETs-mediated pro-inflammatory events and NETosis-associated negative effects responsible for AAA progression. Consequently, we demonstrated the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of anti-NETosis nanotherapies for the targeted treatment of AAA. Our findings provide promising insights into discovering precision therapies for AAA and other inflammatory vascular diseases.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is considered the most frequent type of primary malignant bone tumor. Currently, radiotherapy, photodynamic (PDT), and other therapies for osteosarcoma are limited by tumor hypoxia and single efficacy and serve side-effects. Herein, we reported a microalgal drug delivery system (SpiD), doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded Spirulina platensis(Spi) for OS therapy. The specific surface of Spirulina platensisallowed for effective loading of DOX via surface channels and electrostatic interactions. Under 650 nm laser irradiation, SpiD enabled high oxygen production by photosynthesis and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via chlorophyll-assisted photosensitization, synergistically killing tumor cells with the released DOX. Combined chemotherapy and enhanced PDT mediated by SpiD exerted synergic antitumor effects and resulted in potent therapeutic efficacy in orthotopic osteosarcoma mice. Furthermore, SpiD could reduce the side-effects of chemotherapy, showing excellent blood and tissue safety. Taken together, this microalgal drug delivery system provided a natural, efficient, safe, and inexpensive strategy for OS treatment.

Immunotherapy has showcased remarkable progress in the management of gastric cancer (GC), prompting the need to proactively identify and classify patients suitable for immunotherapy. Here, 30 patients were enrolled and stratified into three groups (PR, partial response; SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease) based on efficacy assessment. 16S rRNA sequencing were performed to analyze the gut microbiome signature of patients at three timepoints. We found that immunotherapy interventions perturbed the gut microbiota of patients. Additionally, although differences at the enterotype level did not distinguish patients’ immunotherapy response, we identified 6, 7, and 19 species that were significantly enriched in PR, SD, and PD, respectively. Functional analysis showed that betalain biosynthesis and indole alkaloid biosynthesis were significantly different between the responders and non-responders. Furthermore, machine learning model utilizing only bacterial biomarkers accurately predicted immunotherapy efficacy with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.941. Notably, Akkermansia muciniphilaand Dorea formicigeneransplayed a significant role in the classification of immunotherapy efficacy. In conclusion, our study reveals that gut microbiome signatures can be utilized as effective biomarkers for predicting the immunotherapy efficacy for GC.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important markers for cancer. The part of tumor cells that are detached from the primary tumor or metastatic tumor and enter the blood circulation is called CTCs. It is crucial to develop a rapid, accurate, and easy-to-implement diagnostic system for CTCs for early tumor diagnosis and for monitoring progression of the disease. In this work, we reported a colorimetric and fluorescent dual-mode assay for the detection of CTCs. Our assay used magnetic nanoparticles and aptamer for CTCs capture and gold nanoparticles-loaded covalent organic frameworks (Au@COFs) for signal amplification, respectively. The magnetic nanoparticles were modified with folic acid to capture CTCs by interaction between folic acid and the folate receptor overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. The covalent organic frameworks were engineered to have both nitro-reductase-like and glucose–oxidase-like activities. The nitro-reductase-like activity converted the substrate p-nitrophenol to p-nitroaniline for colorimetric detection, and the glucose-oxidase-like activity enabled fluorescence detection. Specifically, Au@COFs catalyzed glucose oxidation and generated hydrogen peroxide to oxidize Fe2+to Fe3+, which converted MIL(Al)-MOF to MIL(Fe)-MOF through ion exchange, resulting in the fluorescence quenching of MIL(Al)-MOF. Our assay showed high sensitivity with a detection limit of 17 cells/mL using MCF-7 cells as model cancer cells. This work provided an efficient and ultrasensitive strategy for CTCs detection and has potential applications in cancer identification and diagnosis. Dual-mode detection system, combining colorimetric and fluorescent signals, integration of magnetic nanoparticles and aptamers for CTC capture, and utilization of covalent organic frameworks loaded with gold nanoparticles for signal amplification can improve sensitivity and accuracy.

Factorization machines (FMs) are widely used in recommender systems due to their adaptability and ability to learn from sparse data. However, for the ubiquitous non-interactive features in sparse data, existing FMs can only estimate the parameters corresponding to these features via the inner product of their embeddings. Undeniably, they cannot learn the direct interactions of these features, which limits the model's expressive power. To this end, we first present MixFM, inspired by Mixup, to generate auxiliary training data to boost FMs. Unlike existing augmentation strategies that require labor costs and expertise to collect additional information such as position and fields, these augmented data are only by the convex combination of the raw ones without any professional knowledge support. More importantly, if non-interactive features exist in parent samples to be mixed respectively, MixFM will establish their direct interactions. Second, considering that MixFM may generate redundant or even detrimental instances, we further put forward a novel Factorization Machine powered by Saliency-guided Mixup (denoted as SMFM). Guided by the customized saliency, SMFM can generate more informative neighbor data. Through theoretical analysis, we prove that the proposed methods minimize the upper bound of the generalization error, which positively enhances FMs. Finally, extensive experiments on seven datasets confirm that our approaches are superior to baselines. Notably, the results also show that “poisoning” mixed data benefits the FM variants.

This paper studies variable selection using the penalized likelihood method for distributed sparse regression with large sample size nunder a limited memory constraint. This is a much needed research problem to be solved in the big data era. A naive divide-and-conquer method solving this problem is to split the whole data into Nparts and run each part on one of Nmachines, aggregate the results from all machines via averaging, and finally obtain the selected variables. However, it tends to select more noise variables, and the false discovery rate may not be well controlled. We improve it by a special designed weighted average in aggregation. Although the alternating direction method of multiplier can be used to deal with massive data in the literature, our proposed method reduces the computational burden a lot and performs better by mean square error in most cases. Theoretically, we establish asymptotic properties of the resulting estimators for the likelihood models with a diverging number of parameters. Under some regularity conditions, we establish oracle properties in the sense that our distributed estimator shares the same asymptotic efficiency as the estimator based on the full sample. Computationally, a distributed penalized likelihood algorithm is proposed to refine the results in the context of general likelihoods. Furthermore, the proposed method is evaluated by simulations and a real example.

AimsTo investigate the risk factors for cataract following eye-preserving therapies for retinoblastoma.MethodsThis retrospective, single-centre cohort study included patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma receiving eye-preserving therapies between January 2017 and June 2021. Cataract by the end of the follow-up was the main outcome.ResultsCataract was found in 31 of 184 (16.8%) included eyes during a mean follow-up of 27.6 months. The cataract and control groups were similar regarding patients’ laterality, sex and disease stage. Eyes in the cataract group were more likely to present with endophytic retinoblastoma (p=0.02) and greater intraocular pressure (p=0.001). Competing risk regression analysis (univariate Fine-Gray model) showed that the growth pattern (p=0.01), intraocular pressure (p=0.01), number of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) cycles (p=0.001), melphalan dose per IAC cycle (p=0.001) and number of intravitreous chemotherapy (IvitC) cycles (p=0.001) were associated with cataract occurrence. Multivariate analysis included higher intraocular pressure (p=0.003), a higher melphalan dose per IAC cycle (p=0.001) and an increasing number of IvitC cycles (p=0.04) as independent risk factors for cataract.ConclusionsRepeated IAC and/or IvitC with melphalan were the most common eye-preserving therapies that induced cataract formation. The toxic effect of melphalan was an essential factor in cataract development, as indicated by the association of cataract occurrence with the melphalan dose.

Chiral metal–organic frameworks (CMOFs) with chiral selectivity are one of the high-quality stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography (CEC). However, there is a problem of unsatisfactory enantioseparation performance of capillary columns due to insufficient loading. In this work, a lamellar CMOF (Cu-TC) was grown in situon the surface of the monolith in a capillary monolithic column to obtain a Cu-TC@monolithic column. The CEC system constructed based on the Cu-TC@monolithic column shows a satisfactory chiral separation performance. Compared with the Cu-TC-based coated column (Cu-TC@coated column), the enantioseparation performance of the CEC system based on the Cu-TC@monolithic column was greatly improved, and the resolutions (Rs) of the model analytes were increased by 80–500%. In addition, the effects of experimental conditions such as the number of cycles of Cu-TC in situgrowth, buffer concentration, buffer pH, organic solvent addition and applied voltage on the performance of CEC were also investigated. Finally, the chiral selection mechanism of the stationary phase was explored by selective adsorption experiments. The present work provides a new idea for the development of capillary stationary phases, which has great potential considering the diversity of CMOFs.

The Higher-Order Array Decomposition Method (HO-ADM) is extended to handle fully populated or thinned finite array antennas and scatterers which can be modeled as arrays with connected elements lying on a regular lattice. The discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM) is employed to retain the multilevel block-Toeplitz (MBT) method of moments (MoMs) matrix structure even for connected elements. Moreover, by zeroing a selected subset of unknowns in the iterative solution process, thinned arrays can be handled as well. The presented method yields more than an order of magnitude shorter solution times for both a $32\times32$ -element square- and a 793-element circular-thinned array with a memory consumption comparable to existing fast methods such as the multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM).

Enabled by the widely existed distributed flexible alternating current transmission system devices in power systems, moving target defense (MTD) has been considered as an effective way to detect stealthy false data injection (FDI) attacks. However, due to the limitation of power system topology, not all stealthy FDI attacks can be detected in power system with MTD. In this article, the authors propose a joint meter coding (MC) and moving target defense (MC-MTD) method to cost-effectively improve the detection of stealthy FDI attacks through integrating MC with MTD. Detection conditions and requirements on MC-MTD are theoretically analyzed, which reveal the close coupling between MC and MTD in collaboratively detecting stealthy FDI attacks. The design of the coding matrix and the selection of encoded measurements are theoretically analyzed to integrate MC with MTD in a special case that the coding matrix is diagonal. An optimization of MC-MTD is formulated and approximately solved to improve detection effectiveness with a small defending cost. Finally, simulations are carried out on both direct and alternating current state estimations to validate the performance of MC-MTD.

A novel protocol has been developed for the Cu-catalyzed synthesis of primary arylamines with meta-substituents using cyclohexenone oxime esters. Mechanistic insights suggest that the reaction proceeds viaan intermolecular 1,5-H hydrogen atom transfer of an imine radical intermediate. This approach features high efficiency, a readily available catalyst system, and broad functional group tolerance.

In late March 2022, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Omicron BA.2 strain occurred in Shanghai, China. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and vaccine protectiveness related to this disease in China.

ABSTRACT Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) can be reused as an admixture in preparing various types of cementitious materials. In this work, MSWI FA was used as [...]

ABSTRACT The co-combustion of sewage sludge with rice husk is expected to become a trend because of its economic and environmental benefits. In this work, the ashes and its cementitious [...]

Invasive fungal infections, including meningitis, cause a high mortality rate due to few available antifungal drugs and frequently associated side effects and quick emergence of drug-resistant fungi. The restrictive permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) further limits the efficacy of antifungal agents substantially in treating meningitis. Hereby, we design and synthesize guanidinium-functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s by mimicking cell-penetrating peptides. The optimal polymer, PGMeOx10bearing a methylene spacer arm, displays potent activities against the drug-resistant fungi and biofilm, negligible toxicity, and insusceptibility to antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, PGMeOx10can break BBB retractions to exert promising antifungal functions in the brain. PGMeOx10demonstrates potent in vivo antifungal therapeutic efficacy in mouse models including skin infection, systemic infections, and meningitis. PGMeOx10effectively rescues infected mice and reduces fungal burden and inflammation in the brain. These results and the excellent biosafety of poly(2-oxazoline)s indicate the effectiveness and potential of our strategy to design promising antifungal agents in treating systemic infections and meningitis.

The handling of emergencies like severe wind and foreign matter collision in high-speed railways is a typical human-in-the-loop complex task. Conventional approaches find it challenging to satisfy the real-time, efficiency, and safety standards for reorganizing train schedules during such critical situations. This paper introduces a parallel railway traffic management (RTM) system to address the rescheduling of high-speed trains during such emergencies. The design and implementation of the parallel system are detailed using the ACP (Artificial systems, Computational experiments, and Parallel execution) methodology. An agent-based modeling approach is employed to construct the artificial RTM system. The computational experiments are designed and executed to forecast the system's status and assess the rescheduling strategies and algorithms utilizing computer-based simulation technology within the artificial RTM system. Through enabling real-time interaction and closed-loop feedback between the physical RTM system and the actual RTM system, the rescheduling strategies can be continuously assessed and iteratively optimized in real-time. Finally, a case study is conducted in two typical scenarios, involving temporary speed limit and complete blockage, to evaluate the performance of the proposed method through computational experiments. Timetable rescheduling during emergencies is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem with various constraints. The hybrid strategy, First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) strategy, and First-Scheduled-First-Served (FSFS) strategy are applied to address the train rescheduling problem. The results demonstrate that the proposed method surpasses traditional approaches in managing train rescheduling during disruptions. It enhances the efficiency of emergency response and furnishes decision support for dispatchers.

Temporal networks arise in various real-world scenarios, including social networks, user-item networks, traffic networks, financial transaction networks, etc. Modeling the dynamics of temporal networks is of importance as it describes how the networks evolve, which helps to understand and predict the behavior of the systems. There has been a lot of research on temporal network representation learning so far. Nonetheless, most of them are based on euclidean geometry, which fails to encode the underlying hierarchical layout or scale-free property of the real-world temporal network. Encouragingly, hyperbolic geometry excels in preserving both node similarity and network hierarchies. In the preliminary work, we proposed a hyperbolic temporal graph network (HTGN) on the Poincaré ball model, taking advantage of the exponential capacity and hierarchical awareness of hyperbolic geometry. HTGN moves the temporal network embedding into hyperbolic space and employs the hyperbolic graph neural network and hyperbolic gated recurrent neural network to capture spatial and temporal dynamics, respectively. In addition, two modules were further put forward to advance the performance: (1) hyperbolic temporal contextual self-attention to watch historical states and (2) hyperbolic temporal consistency to enforce the embeddings changing gradually. In this work, we further design a lightweight and efficient hyperbolic graph convolutional module that enables HTGN to scale to large-size graphs easily and flexibly handle datasets with different densities. Moreover, we investigate the hyperbolic temporal network embedding in the Lorentz model of hyperbolic geometry with regard to its numerical stability and optimization advantages. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposals as they consistently outperform the competing baselines on small-, medium-, and large-scale datasets.

People counting using radar is a popular technology because of its robustness to darkness, sensitivity to human movement, noncontact wireless sensing, and no privacy issues. However, tracking and counting multiple people by radar is still a challenge. In this article, we propose a bi-direction people counting method based on multiscale clustering and multiple extended target tracking using multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) radar. The core idea is to correctly obtain the trajectory of each person and use its trajectory to judge the entry and exit of people. Specifically, we first perform distance, angle, and velocity estimation to obtain a large number of people target point clouds with high resolution. Second, we develop a multiscale clustering method, including microclustering, macroclustering, and precision-clustering so as to identify people target more accurately while maintaining low computational complexity. Then, we use the two-stage data association method to associate macrocluster, and then associate point clouds in macrocluster, which improves the accuracy of data association in the tracking process. Finally, we count people according to the prior edge areas and the obtained trajectories. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect and track multiple people targets close to each other, and reach the accuracy of people counting above 97%.

Background: Iodine is an essential element for the biosynthesis of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Both excessive and deficient iodine are major risk factors for thyroid diseases, including thyroid dysfunction, thyroid nodules, and thyroid autoimmunity (TAI). This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between iodine status and the prevalence of thyroid diseases through a national cross-sectional epidemiological survey in Jiangxi province (China). Methods: This population-based, cross-sectional study enrolled 2636 Chinese local inhabitants who aged over 18 years old from April to August in 2015. Physical examination was performed and biochemical indices, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and TSH level were measured. The Chi-square test, nonparametric test, and 4 multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for risk factors were applied to analysis. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate the relationship between iodine intake level and the prevalence of thyroid diseases. Results: The median UIC was 176.4 μg/L, and a significant difference was found in median UIC between men (182.45 μg/L) and women (169.25 μg/L) (P= 0.03). Among these study subjects, 14.4%, 44.5%, 26.1%, and 15.0% had deficient, adequate, more than adequate, and excessive iodine concentrations, respectively. The prevalence rates of hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules, and TAI were 0.91%, 0.57%, 0.34% and 7.89%, 9.45%, and 12.7%, respectively. Significant differences were found in iodine status, waist circumstance, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), TSH, thyroid nodules, and TAI between men and women (P< 0.05). Compared with those with adequate UIC, subjects with excessive UIC had higher prevalence rates of thyroid dysfunction (odds ratio (OR) = 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40–2.54) and thyroid nodules (OR = 3.33, 95%CI 1.32–8.42). In addition, subjects with deficient and excessive UIC were at the higher risk of TAI compared with those with adequate UIC (OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.19–2.60; OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.04–2.96, respectively). UIC was positively correlated with the prevalence rates of thyroid nodules (r = −0.44, P< 0.01) and TAI (r = −0.055, P< 0.01). On the contrary, UIC was negatively correlated with the risk of thyroid dysfunction (r = −0.24, P> 0.05). Conclusion: Adult inhabitants from Jiangxi province in the TIDE study were in the adequate iodine status. Excessive iodine status was noted as a risk factor for thyroid dysfunction and thyroid nodules. In addition, both iodine deficiency and excessive iodine were risk factors for TAI.

Aerosol nitrate (NO3–) constitutes a significant component of fine particles in China. Prioritizing the control of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a crucial step toward achieving clean air, yet its impact on NO3–pollution remains inadequately understood. Here, we examined the role of VOCs in NO3–formation by combining comprehensive field measurements conducted during the China International Import Expo (CIIE) in Shanghai (from 10 October to 22 November 2018) and multiphase chemical modeling. Despite a decline in primary pollutants during the CIIE, NO3–levels increased compared to pre-CIIE and post-CIIE─NO3–concentrations decreased in the daytime (by −10 and −26%) while increasing in the nighttime (by 8 and 30%). Analysis of the observations and backward trajectory indicates that the diurnal variation in NO3–was mainly attributed to local chemistry rather than meteorological conditions. Decreasing VOCs lowered the daytime NO3–production by reducing the hydroxyl radical level, whereas the greater VOCs reduction at night than that in the daytime increased the nitrate radical level, thereby promoting the nocturnal NO3–production. These results reveal the double-edged role of VOCs in NO3–formation, underscoring the need for transferring large VOC-emitting enterprises from the daytime to the nighttime, which should be considered in formulating corresponding policies.