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Purpose: The combination of high-pressure air and TNT in shock tubes can effectively simulate real nuclear explosions and conventional weapon explosion shock waves. However, the explosion shock wave parameters are greatly affected by changes in the tube sections and the increase in the initial air pressure. Methods: In this study, the propagation law of explosion shock waves in closed variable section tubes was studied first through theoretical analysis and explosion tests under five different high-pressure environments. Then, the influences of different initial pressures of 100–500 kPa on shock wave related parameters were analyzed by numerical simulation, the change curves of the shock wave overpressure peak and different initial pressures at different test points were fitted, and the change process of the pressure field in the tube was obtained. Finally, an engineering model that can attenuate the shock wave overpressure peak in high-pressure tube with variable section is established by dimensional analysis method. Results: The results show that the attenuation coefficient of the shock wave decreases with an increasing cross section change rate and the related parameters of the shock wave increase with an increasing initial pressure. Compared with normal temperature and pressure, the maximum increase in the peak overpressure of the shock wave is 11.4%, the maximum increase in the arrival time is 94.2%, and the maximum increase in the impulse is 3.5%. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that contracting the tube cross-section within the excitation tube driving section can effectively enhance the intensity of the shock wavefront. The combined high-pressure air and explosive driving method can effectively increase the energy of the driving section. Moreover, the higher the initial pressure of air, the higher the energy at the exit of the excitation tube. The results obtained can be used for simulation analysis of explosion shock waves.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a rare subset of tumor cells, have been recognized as promotive role on tumor initiation and propagation. Among, aerobic glycolysis, widely clarified in multiple tumor cells, is the key for maintaining cancer stemness. Regrettably, it is largely unknown about the connection of cellular metabolic reprogramming and stemness in gastric carcinoma (GC). Two GC parental cells lines PAMC‐82 and SNU‐16 and their spheroids were obtained to determine the expression status of POU1F1 using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and western blotting analysis, respectively. Gain or loss‐of‐function assay was employed to assess its biological effects. Sphere formation and transwell assays were performed to evaluate the stem cell‐like traits, including self‐renewal capacity, migration and invasion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays were conducted for determining the binding relationship of POU1F1 on ENO1 promoter region. Herein, aberrantly upregulated POU1F1 was observed in spheroids, compared with the parental PAMC‐82 and SNU‐16 cells, which promoted stem cell‐like traits, as representing increasing sphere formation, enhanced cell migration and invasion. Additionally, POU1F1 expression was positively with glycolytic signaling, as displaying increasing glucose consumption, lactic acid production, and extracellular acid ratio (ECAR). Furthermore, POU1F1 was identified to be a transcriptional activator of ENO1, of which overexpression remarkably abolished POU1F1 knockdown‐mediated blocking effects. Taken together, we draw a conclusion that POU1F1 facilitated the stem cell‐like properties of GC cells through transcriptionally augmenting ENO1 to enhance glycolysis.

Objective: Due to the rarity of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), very limited data concerning its incidence patterns and prognostic factors are available. This study aimed to explore the incidence, characteristics, survival outcomes, and prognostic factors of AITL. Methods: Age-adjusted incidence and temporal trends were calculated based on 1247 AITL patients from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-13 database. A total of 1525 AITL patients from the SEER-18 database and 43 patients from our single center were included for survival analysis and nomogram construction. Results: The age-adjusted incidence for overall cohort was 0.123 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.117–0.131) per 100 000 during 1992–2017. The overall incidence increased steeply at the rate of 15.3% (95%CI 11.0%–19.8%, P<0.001) per year during 1992–2004, but remained stable during 2004–2017 (P=0.200). Similar incidence trends were observed in age, sex, and stage subgroups. The final nomograms consisted of four variables: age at diagnosis, sex, Ann Arbor stage, and primary site. The concordance index (C-index) of the nomogram for 5-year overall survival prediction was 0.717, 0.690 and 0.820 in the training cohort, validation cohort-1 and cohort-2, respectively. Regarding the disease-specific survival (DSS), the nomogram also demonstrated a good discrimination level, with the C-index for predicting the probability of DSS at 5 years of 0.716, 0.682 and 0.813 for the three cohorts, respectively. The calibration displayed good concordance between the nomogram-predicted and actual observed outcomes. Conclusion: The age-adjusted incidence for AITL was low during 1992–2017. The incidence continuously increased during 1992–2004, but remained stable during 2004–2017. The nomograms as proposed may provide a favorable and accurate prognostic survival prediction in AITL.

ABSTRACTThis study focused on the role of methionine (MET) in the autophagy of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) and aims to elaborate its regulatory mechanism.In the present study, the GCSCs were isolated from human gastric cancer cell lines using an anti-CD44 antibody, and then cultured in MET+homocysteine (HCY)−or MET−HCY+medium.In MET+HCY–treated GCSCs, autophagy was suppressed, the methylation and phosphorylation of RAB37 were elevated, and miR-200b expression was down-regulated. Lentiviral vector (LV-) carrying methionine-γ lyase (an enzyme that could specifically lyse MET; Metase) promoted autophagy, reduced the methylation and phosphorylation of RAB37, and up-regulated miR-200b expression in MET+HCY–-treated GCSCs. Then, we found that miR-200b suppressed the expression of protein kinase C α (PKCα), a protein that could inactivate RAB37 through promoting its phosphorylation. LV-Metase down-regulated RAB37 phosphorylation via miR-200b/PKCα, thus promoting the RAB37-mediated autophagy and suppressing cell viability in MET+HCY–treated GCSCs. Finally, the in vivostudy proved that LV-Metase treatment inhibited tumor growth through up-regulating RAB37 expression.In conclusion, MET suppressed RAB37 expression via enhancing its methylation and suppressed RAB37 activity via miR-200b/PKCα axis, thus repressing RAB37-mediated autophagy in GCSCs. The supplementation of Metase lysed MET, thus inducing the autophagy of GCSCs and inhibiting tumor growth.

To estimate the diagnostic performance of acoustic radiation force impulse elastography in distinguishing between benign and malignant superficial lymph nodes, relevant articles published before October 31, 2018, in China and other countries were used. Conclusively, a total of 18 articles were analyzed. Sixteen studies used Virtual Touch tissue quantification (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany), and 4 studies used Virtual Touch tissue imaging (Siemens Healthineers). After a meta‐analysis, it was found that acoustic radiation force impulse elastography is an efficient method for detecting superficial lymph nodes. In addition, if the cutoff value for the shear wave velocity were less than 2.85 m/s, the summary sensitivity would increase, and the heterogeneity would be reduced.

The deep learning prediction model has the potential to predict lymph node metastasis in patients with clinically lymph node–negative breast cancer on the basis of US images of primary breast cancer.

The clinical value of plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA has not been evaluated in patients with early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) receiving primary radiotherapy. Fifty-eight patients with stage I disease and 11 with stage II disease were recruited. High pretreatment EBV-DNA concentrations were associated with B-symptoms, elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, and a high International Prognostic Index score. EBV-DNA levels significantly decreased after treatment. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 82.6% for all patients. Stage I or II patients with a pretreatment EBV-DNA level of ≤ 500 copies/mL had 3-year OS and progression-free survival (PFS) rates of 97.1% and 79.0%, respectively, compared with 66.3% (P= .002) and 52.2% (P= .045) in patients with EBV-DNA levels of > 500 copies/mL. The 3-year OS and PFS rates for patients with undetectable EBV-DNA after treatment was significantly higher than patients with detectable EBV-DNA (OS, 92.0% vs 69.8%, P= .031; PFS, 77.5% vs 50.7%, P= .028). Similar results were observed in stage I patients. EBV-DNA levels correlate with tumor load and a poorer prognosis in early-stage NKTCL. The circulating EBV-DNA level could serve both as a valuable biomarker of tumor load for the accurate classification of early-stage NKTCL and as a prognostic factor.