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This research utilizes the color variations and texture formations inherent in color Schlieren imaging to intuitively record airflow dynamics. It further establishes a predictive method for airflow velocity, which is corroborated by an airflow velocity sensor. Initially, we set up a color Schlieren optical hardware system and performed optical path correction to obtain high-quality images. Next, we established a velocity control module, adjusting fan speed to control airflow velocity. Additionally, we obtained richer image information by adjusting the heater’s temperature. After collecting consecutive color Schlieren images and velocity data, we used a nonlinear input-output network (NIO network) for time series to build a model predicting velocity based on Schlieren. We evaluated this model by comparing the extraction of Schlieren features in a single area versus multiple areas. Finally, we used root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination as evaluation metrics for the model’s predictive capability. Experimental results indicate the feasibility of velocity prediction, and under the information of a single area in dynamic images, we can predict the trend of airflow velocity. When using information from multiple areas, the prediction model exhibits better predictive performance, accurately predicting the detailed changes in overall velocity.

The pronounced lethality of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-quinone or 6PPDQ) toward specific salmonids, while sparing other fish species, has received considerable attention. However, the underlying cause of this species-specific toxicity remains unresolved. This study explored 6PPDQ toxicokinetics and intestinal microbiota composition in adult zebrafish during a 14-day exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations, followed by a 7-day recovery phase. Predominant accumulation occurred in the brain, intestine, and eyes, with the lowest levels in the liver. Six metabolites were found to undergo hydroxylation, with two additionally undergoing O-sulfonation. Semiquantitative analyses revealed that the predominant metabolite featured a hydroxy group situated on the phenyl ring adjacent to the quinone. This was further validated by assessing enzyme activity and determining in silicobinding interactions. Notably, the binding affinity between 6PPDQ and zebrafish phase I and II enzymes exceeded that with the corresponding coho salmon enzymes by 1.04–1.53 times, suggesting a higher potential for 6PPDQ detoxification in tolerant species. Whole-genome sequencing revealed significant increases in the genera Nocardioidesand Rhodococcusafter exposure to 6PPDQ. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses predicted that these two genera would be responsible for the biodegradation and metabolism of xenobiotics. These findings offer crucial data for comprehending 6PPDQ-induced species-specific toxicity.

As a new type of heating equipment, the heat medium heater furnace overcomes the shortage of the traditional heating methods such as the boiler, heating furnace. Through the comparison and analysis of the field application between the heat medium heater, YQWP - 4000/1.6/220/180-QT, and steam boiler in a central gathering station of Changqing oil field, results indicated: in the condition of 0.3 MPa pressure and 200 ℃temperature above, the heat medium heater is higher thermal efficiency, more safety and security than steam boiler, and it do not pollute the environment and significantly save energy. One the heat medium heater saves by 982700 RMB than one set of steam boiler per each year. Due to the good economy, heat medium heater is suitable for the heating and heat supply of the large-scale central gathering station in the oil field. Thus, heat medium heater has a good application prospects. And the field application of the heat medium heater provides oil field energy saving and safe production with a certain reference in oil field.