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Objective: The activities and products of carbohydrate metabolism are involved in key processes of cancer. However, its relationship with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Methods: The cancer genome atlas (TCGA)-HCC and ICGC-LIRI-JP datasets were acquired via public databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC and control samples in the TCGA-HCC dataset were identified and overlapped with 355 carbohydrate metabolism-related genes (CRGs) to obtain differentially expressed CRGs (DE-CRGs). Then, univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses were applied to identify risk model genes, and HCC samples were divided into high/low-risk groups according to the median risk score. Next, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed on the risk model genes. The sensitivity of the risk model to immunotherapy and chemotherapy was also explored. Results: A total of 8 risk model genes, namely, G6PD, PFKFB4, ACAT1, ALDH2, ACYP1, OGDHL, ACADS, and TKTL1, were identified. Moreover, the risk score, cancer status, age, and pathologic T stage were strongly associated with the prognosis of HCC patients. Both the stromal score and immune score had significant negative/positive correlations with the risk score, reflecting the important role of the risk model in immunotherapy sensitivity. Furthermore, the stromal and immune scores had significant negative/positive correlations with risk scores, reflecting the important role of the risk model in immunotherapy sensitivity. Eventually, we found that high-/low-risk patients were more sensitive to 102 drugs, suggesting that the risk model exhibited sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. The results of the experiments in HCC tissue samples validated the expression of the risk model genes. Conclusion: Through bioinformatic analysis, we constructed a carbohydrate metabolism-related risk model for HCC, contributing to the prognosis prediction and treatment of HCC patients.

AbstractDoes top-down accountability spur bureaucrats to improve service provision? This paper highlights the potential drawbacks of top-down accountability for building a responsive bureaucracy. Based on an online survey experiment involving 923 bureaucrats in China, we find that bureaucrats are less responsive to citizens’ needs when they are exposed to the risk of being sanctioned and the recent remedial policy of principled tolerance cannot offset such effects. In contrast to scholars arguing that increased top-down accountability pressure improves government responsiveness, these findings imply that insulating bureaucracy allows them to do their jobs more responsively. The findings enhance our understanding of accountability and responsiveness in China and beyond.

In the traditional machining field, the addition of cutting fluid can appropriately reduce cutting forces, dissipate cutting heat, and facilitate the machining process. However, the use of cutting fluids has environmental implications. Recently, a phenomenon known as organic monolayer embrittlement (OME) has been proposed, which could address this issue. OME can reduce cutting forces, enhance surface quality, and improve machining performance without the need for cutting fluids, particularly noticeable in ductile metals like pure copper. This study conducted micro-cutting experiments on pure copper to investigate the microstructural features, cutting performance, chip flow patterns, and the effectiveness of OME. The results indicate that OME alters chip flow patterns from sinuous flow to segmented quasi-periodic micro-fracture flow, resulting in a 42% and 63% reduction in cutting forces for copper materials with different initial hardness. This phenomenon significantly improves surface quality, diminishes surface defects caused by adhesion, and effectively reduces work hardening layers. The study also demonstrates that OME is a physical phenomenon closely related to the adsorption properties of organic catalytic agents and van der Waals interactions. Materials with higher initial hardness exhibit less pronounced OME due to a sufficiently high grain boundary density, impeding dislocation movement during shear deformation and causing a local stress increase at the free surface of the chip. This leads to a change in chip flow patterns, improving machining performance, analogous to the adsorption effect of organic catalytic agents.

Abstract: A simple method for preparing artificial kidney stones with varying physical properties is described. BegoStone was prepared with a powder-to-water ratio ranging from 15:3 to 15:6. The acoustic properties of the phantoms were characterized using an ultrasound transmission technique, from which the corresponding mechanical properties were calculated based on elastic wave theory. The measured parameters for BegoStone phantoms of different water contents are: longitudinal wave speed (3,148–4,159 m/s), transverse wave speed (1,813–2,319 m/s), density (1,563–1,995 kg/m3), longitudinal acoustic impedance (4.92–8.30 kg/m2 s), transverse acoustic impedance (2.83–4.63 kg/m2 s), Young’s modulus (12.9–27.4 GPa), bulk modulus (8.6–20.2 GPa), and shear modulus (5.1–10.7 GPa), which cover the range of corresponding properties reported in natural kidney stones. In addition, diametral compression tests were carried out to determine tensile failure strength of the stone phantoms. BegoStone phantoms with varying water content at preparation have tensile failure strength from 6.9 to 16.3 MPa when tested dry and 3.2 to 7.1 MPa when tested in water-soaked condition. Overall, it is demonstrated that this new BegoStone preparation method can be used to fabricate artificial stones with physical properties matched with those of natural kidney stones of various chemical compositions.

The microstructure and stress rupture properties of Inconel 706 alloy microalloyed with phosphorus are examined under stabilizing and unstabilizing heat treatment conditions. It was found that applying the stabilizing treatment resulted in a 98% increment in the stress rupture life and a 215% increment in the elongation tested at 650 °C/690 MPa for the alloy compared to that under the unstabilizing heat treatment condition. The stabilizing treatment led to the precipitation of rod-shaped and needle-shaped η phases at the grain boundaries. Morphologies of γ′–γ″ co-precipitates in the grain interior were noncompact form and compact form for the alloy under unstabilizing and stabilizing heat treatment conditions, respectively. Based on the microstructure characterizations, the improvement of stress rupture properties by the stabilizing treatment was attributed to the precipitation of η phases at the grain boundaries, which can hinder cracks initiation and propagation and relieve the stress concentration.

Nitrogen (N) deep placement has been found to reduce N leaching and increase N use efficiency in paddy fields. However, relatively little is known how bacterial consortia, especially abundant and rare taxa, respond to N deep placement, which is critical for understanding the biodiversity and function of agricultural ecosystem. In this study, Illumina sequencing and ecological models were conducted to examine the diversity patterns and underlying assembly mechanisms of abundant and rare taxa in rice rhizosphere soil under different N fertilization regimes at four rice growth stages in paddy fields. The results showed that abundant and rare bacteria had distinct distribution patterns in rhizosphere samples. Abundant bacteria showed ubiquitous distribution; while rare taxa exhibited uneven distribution across all samples. Stochastic processes dominated community assembly of both abundant and rare bacteria, with dispersal limitation playing a more vital role in abundant bacteria, and undominated processes playing a more important role in rare bacteria. The N deep placement was associated with a greater influence of dispersal limitation than the broadcast N fertilizer (BN) and no N fertilizer (NN) treatments in abundant and rare taxa of rhizosphere soil; while greater contributions from homogenizing dispersal were observed for BN and NN in rare taxa. Network analysis indicated that abundant taxa with closer relationships were usually more likely to occupy the central position of the network than rare taxa. Nevertheless, most of the keystone species were rare taxa and might have played essential roles in maintaining the network stability. Overall, these findings highlighted that the ecological mechanisms and co-occurrence patterns of abundant and rare bacteria in rhizosphere soil under N deep placement.

Parent materials and the fertility levels of paddy soils are highly variable in subtropical China. Bacterial diversity and community composition play pivotal roles in soil ecosystem processes and functions. However, the effects of parent material and fertility on bacterial diversity and community composition in paddy soils are unclear. The key soil factors driving the changes in bacterial diversity, community composition, and the specific bacterial species in soils that are derived from different parent materials and have differing fertility levels are unknown. Soil samples were collected from paddy fields in two areas with different parent materials (quaternary red clay or tertiary sandstone) and two levels of fertility (high or low). The variations in bacterial diversity indices and communities were evaluated by 454 pyrosequencing which targeted the V4–V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The effects of parent material and fertility on bacterial diversity and community composition were clarified by a two-way ANOVA and a two-way PERMANOVA. A principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), a redundancy analysis (RDA), and multivariate regression trees (MRT) were used to assess changes in the studied variables and identify the factors affecting bacterial community composition. Co-occurrence network analysis was performed to find correlations between bacterial genera and specific soil properties, and a statistical analysis of metagenomic profiles (STAMP) was used to determine bacterial genus abundance differences between the soil samples. The contributions made by parent material and soil fertility to changes in the bacterial diversity indices were comparable, but soil fertility accounted for a larger part of the shift in bacterial community composition than the parent material. Soil properties, especially soil texture, were strongly associated with bacterial diversity. The RDA showed that soil organic carbon (SOC) was the primary factor influencing bacterial community composition. A key threshold for SOC (25.5 g kg–1) separated low fertility soils from high fertility soils. The network analysis implied that bacterial interactions tended towards cooperation and that copiotrophic bacteria became dominant when the soil environment improved. The STAMP revealed that copiotrophic bacteria, such as Massiliaand Rhodanobacter,were more abundant in the high fertility soils, while oligotrophic bacteria, such as Anaerolinea,were dominant in low fertility soils. The results showed that soil texture played a role in bacterial diversity, but nutrients, especially SOC, shaped bacterial community composition in paddy soils with different parent materials and fertility levels.

Mechanical high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been used for cancer treatment and drug delivery. Existing monitoring methods for mechanical HIFU therapies such as MRI and ultrasound imaging often suffer from high cost, poor spatial-temporal resolution, and/or low sensitivity to tissue’s hemodynamic changes. Evaluating vascular injury during mechanical HIFU treatment, therefore, remains challenging. Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is a promising tool to meet this need. Intrinsically sensitive to optical absorption, PACT provides high-resolution imaging of blood vessels using hemoglobin as the endogenous contrast. In this study, we have developed an integrated HIFU-PACT system for detecting vascular rupture in mechanical HIFU treatment. We have demonstrated singular value decomposition for enhancing hemorrhage detection. We have validated the HIFU-PACT performance on phantoms and in vivo animal tumor models. We expect that PACT-HIFU will find practical applications in oncology research using small animal models.

Abstract:Cross-national opinion surveys reveal that the Chinese regime enjoys perplexingly high levels of political trust when compared internationally. However, by tracing multiple surveys over time, this study finds that trust in the Chinese central government has declined notably since the early 2000s. We identify rising public criticism of income inequality as an underlying cause for the declining political trust during the surveyed period. We propose the concept of authoritarian critical citizens to understand the impact of citizens’ evaluation of specific government performance on diffuse support in authoritarian contexts. Whereas in democracies the rise of critical citizens may not undermine regime support, we argue that the rise of authoritarian critical citizens poses serious challenges to the Chinese party-state because the decline of specific support erodes the legitimacy and support of authoritarian regimes.

Temperature mapping is essential in many biomedical studies and interventions to precisely control the tissue’s thermal conditions for optimal treatment efficiency and minimal side effects. Based on the Grüneisen parameter’s temperature dependence, photoacoustic (PA) imaging can provide relative temperature measurement, but it has been traditionally challenging to measure absolute temperatures without knowing the baseline temperature, particularly in deep tissues with unknown optical and acoustic properties. Here, we report a new thermal-energy-memory-based photoacoustic thermometry (TEMPT). By illuminating the tissue with a burst of nanosecond laser pulses, TEMPT exploits the temperature dependence of the thermal energy lingering, which is probed by the corresponding PA signals acquired within the thermal confinement. A self-normalized ratiometric measurement cancels out temperature-irrelevant quantities and estimates the Grüneisen parameter. The temperature can then be evaluated, given the tissue’s temperature-dependent Grüneisen parameter, mass density, and specific heat capacity. Unlike conventional PA thermometry, TEMPT does not require knowledge of the tissue’s baseline temperature, nor the optical properties. We have developed a mathematical model to describe the temperature dependence in TEMPT. We have demonstrated the feasibility of the temperature evaluation on tissue phantoms at 1.5 cm depth within a clinically relevant temperature range. Finally, as proof-of-concept, we applied TEMPT for temperature mapping during focused ultrasound treatment in mice in vivo at 2 mm depth. As a generic temperature mapping method, TEMPT is expected to find applications in thermotherapy of cancers on small animal models.

Ultrathin layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with small particle size were synthesized using a deep eutectic solvent (I-LDH) and were applied for humic acid removal. The characteristics of I-LDH and its calcinated product (I-CLDH) were analyzed via SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, AFM, and BET. The morphologies of I-LDH and I-CLDH were similar. The mean particle size was around 10–40 nm and formed a monolayer of around 0.7 nm. The removal of humic acid followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the sorption capacity was improved via calcination. Based on the Langmuir sorption isotherm, the sorption capacity of I-CLDH reached 43.11 mg/g. The results of measuring the samples after sorption (via XRD, SEM, and FTIR) suggested that the sorption of humic acid onto LDHs occurred by intercalation and surface sorption. In addition, the pH value had a slight effect on sorption performance, and the coexisting anions in the environment (especially carbonates) had an inhibitory effect on the sorption.

The optimized nitrogen fertilization location differs in different rice-growing regions. We optimized nitrogen deep-point application in root-growing zone (NARZ) for transplanted rice in subtropical China. Field plot experiments were conducted over two years (2014–2015) in a double-rice cropping system to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer location on grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE). Four different nitrogen deep-point application methods (DN) were compared with traditional broadcast application (BN) using granular urea. The results showed that grain yield, recovery efficiency of N (REN), agronomic efficiency of N (AEN), and partial factor productivity of N (PFPN) significantly increased 10.3–63.4, 13.7–56.7, 24.7–201.9 and 10.2–63.4%, respectively, in DN treatment compared to BN, respectively. We also find that DN treatments increased grain yield as well as grain N content, and thus grain quality, in comparison with conventional BN treatment. Correlation analysis indicated that significant improvement in grain yield and NUE mainly resulted from increases in productive panicle number and grain N content. In our proposed NARZ method, granular urea should be placed 0 to 5 cm around the rice seeding at a 12-cm depth druing rice transplanting. In NARZ, balanced application of N, P and K further improved grain yield and NUE over treatments with a single N deep-point application. High N uptake by the rice plant did not cause significant soil fertility depletion, demonstrating that this method could guarantee sustainable rice production.

Cuticular wax plays an important role in protecting land plant against biotic and abiotic stresses. Cuticular wax production on plant surface is often visualized by a characteristic glaucous appearance. This study identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) flag leaf glaucousness (FLG) using a high-density genetic linkage map developed from a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross Heyne×Lakin by single-seed descent. The map consisted of 2 068 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and 157 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers on all 21 wheat chromosomes and covered a genetic distance of 2 381.19 cM, with an average marker interval of 1.07 cM. Two additive QTLs for FLG were identified on chromosomes 3AL and 2DS with the increasing FLG allele contributed from Lakin. The major QTL on 3AL, QFlg.hwwgr-3AL,explained 17.5–37.8% of the phenotypic variation in different environments. QFlg.hwwgr-3ALwas located in a 4.4-cM interval on chromosome 3AL that was flanked by two markers IWA1831 and IWA8374. Another QTL for FLG on 2DS, designated as QFlg.hwwgr-2DSwhich was identified only in Yangling in 2014 (YL14), was flanked by IWA1939 and Xgwm261 and accounted for 11.3% of the phenotypic variation for FLG. QFlg.hwwgr-3ALand QFlg.hwwgr-2DSshowed Additive×Environment (AE) interactions, explaining 3.5 and 4.4% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Our results indicated that different genes/QTLs may contribute different scores of FLG in a cultivar and that the environment may play a role in FLG.

We have had little understanding on the effects of different types and quantities of biochar amendment on soil N transformation process and the microbial properties. In this study, various biochars were produced from straw residues and wood chips, and then added separately to a paddy soil at rates of 0.5, 1 and 2% (w/w). The effects of biochar application on soil net N mineralization and nitrification processes, chemical and microbial properties were examined in the laboratory experiment. After 135 d of incubation, addition of straw biochars increased soil pH to larger extent than wood biochars. The biochar-amended soils had 37.7, 7.3 and 227.6% more soil organic carbon (SOC), available P and K contents, respectively, than the control soil. The rates of net N mineralization and nitrification increased significantly as biochars quantity rose, and straw biochars had greater effect on N transformation rate than wood biochars. Soil microbial biomass carbon increased by 14.8, 45.5 and 62.5% relative to the control when 0.5, 1 and 2% biochars (both straw- and wood-derived biochars), respectively, were added. Moreover, biochars amendments significantly enhanced the concentrations of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), as the general bacteria abundance increased by 161.0% on average. Multivariate analysis suggested that the three rice straw biochar (RB) application levels induced different changes in soil microbial community structure, but there was no significant difference between RB and masson pine biochar (MB) until the application rate reached 2%. Our results showed that biochars amendment can increase soil nutrient content, affect the N transformation process, and alter soil microbial properties, all of which are biochar type and quantity dependent. Therefore, addition of biochars to soil may be an appropriate way to disposal waste and improve soil quality, while the biochar type and addition rate should be taken into consideration before its large-scale application in agro-ecosystem.

In this paper, an in-depth research adopted a creep model has been conducted to focus on the stress during the process of glass tempering based on the finite element software ANSYS.During this research an simplified model of glass tempering has been established, and as a result the expected stress value of surface and mid-plane was achieved.The results show that using the creep model can also achieve the same simulation effect of glass tempering.

Biochar has been considered to affect the transformation of soil organic carbon, soil microbial activity and diversity when applied to soil. However, the changes in chemical and biological properties of biochar itself in soil have not been fully determined. In this study, various biochar samples were obtained from three crop straws (rice, peanut and corn) and two wood chips (bamboo and pine), and incubated with an acidic paddy soil. We examined the changes of biochar water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) content and its ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at 280nm during incubation period, and also investigated the microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profile of biochar after 75 days of incubation. The WEOC content of biochars decreased at the end of incubation, except for the biochar pyrolysed from bamboo chips at 400°C. An average reduction rate of 61.2% in WEOC concentration for straw biochars occurred within the first 15 days, while no significant change was observed for all biochars between day 15 and 45, and a slight increase in WEOC occurred for all biochars in the last 30 days. There was a positive relationship between biochar WEOC content and its UV absorbance properties. The microbial PLFAs concentrations of biochars varied from 15.56 to 60.35nmolg-1, and there was a greater abundance in content and species for corn straw biochars than for the other types of biochars. General bacteria were the dominant microbial group that colonised biochar sample, while gram-positive bacterial and fungi were less in abundance. The chemical properties of fresh biochar were well correlated with total PLFAs concentrations, and significantly related to the composition of microbial community. We concluded that the WEOC component of most biochars change within such short-term application to soil, and the WEOC in combined with the pH and nutrient status of biochar, can alter the type and abundance of microorganisms that colonised biochar.

Median filtering is an important approach in digital image processing for noise elimination. An improved median filtering algorithm (IMFA) is proposed which can be implemented with only 17 comparisons and 6 clocks delay for 3×3 median filtering mathematical model based on field programmable gate array (FPGA). The algorithm benefits from the parallel processing and pipelining structure of FPGA hardware. At first, the characteristics, basic operational principle and computing process of the IMFA are presented. And then the algorithm using modular technique and top-down design flow methodology with Verilog HDL are programed. At last, some simulation verifications for the algorithm by ModelSim and experimental verification on FPGA hardware platform are carried out. The IMFA can get a large number of data throughput and more quickly processing speed and less hardware resources than similar filtering algorithms.

This study aimed to use the Chemometrics approach, namely cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA) and Vectorial Angle Method (VAM) to analyze palm oil in rice bran oil (RBO). RBO was extracted from fresh rice bran in China and palm oil from Malaysia. Simulated adulteration of palm oil in RBO was designed and the amounts of fatty acid content under different adulteration were detected by gas chromatography (GC). DA and CA were used for the classification of RBO and RBO mixed with palm oil based on GC data. The VAM was exploited for the quantification of palm in RBO. The clustering analysis showed that no misclassification for RBO and RBO mixed with palm oil when adulteration is over 9%, and discriminant analysis reached a maximum classification accuracy of 100%.

Urbanization causes hydrological change and increases stormwater runoff volumes, leading to flooding, erosion, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Best management practices (BMPs), like detention ponds and infiltration trenches, have been widely used to control flood runoff events for the past decade. However, low impact development (LID) options have been proposed as an alternative approach to better mimic the natural flow regime by using decentralized designs to control stormwater runoff at the source, rather than at a centralized location in the watershed. For highly urbanized areas, LID stormwater management practices such as bioretention cells and porous pavements can be used to retrofit existing infrastructure and reduce runoff volumes and peak flows. This paper describes a modeling approach to incorporate these LID practices and the two BMPs of detention ponds and infiltration trenches in an existing hydrological model to estimate the impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the surface runoff. The modeling approach has been used in a parking lot located in Lenexa, Kansas, USA, to predict hydrological performance of BMPs and LID practices. A performance indicator system including the flow duration curve, peak flow frequency exceedance curve, and runoff coefficient have been developed in an attempt to represent impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the entire spectrum of the runoff regime. Results demonstrate that use of these BMPs and LID practices leads to significant stormwater control for small rainfall events and less control for flood events.

Manufacturing cloud service composition is the key way to improve the utilization of manufacturing resources and manufacturing capabilities, realize added value and efficiency of manufacturing resources and manufacturing capabilities. It has great significance on cloud manufacturing implementation and carry. Therefore, the paper presents automatic forwarding search method called AMCSC-HFS for manufacturing cloud service composition based on AI plan. The main purpose is to support meeting the actual need of large-scale and dynamic cloud manufacturing cloud service environment.

The basic composition and working principle of the turret punch press were analyzed, the recent distance method and genetic algorithm optimize method of holes machining path of NC turret punch press was put forward, the corresponding mathematical model and optimization algorithm was respectively given, these two kinds of optimization methods aiming at different types of holes are compared with the examples, put forward a kind of the integrated holes machining path optimization.

A low complexity joint estimator of multiple CFOs and Channels is presented in cooperative relay systems. The new algorithm first utilizes correlation-based frequency estimator to get CFOs initial estimation, and then serial interference cancellation based on correlation properties of training sequence in different relays is done to obtain the initial channel estimation. Moreover, a parallel iteration scheme with interference cancellation is proposed to reduce time complexity of the traditional serial iteration. In the overall process, matrix inversion is avoided. Thus, the complexity of the proposed algorithm in both time and computation is much less than the existing algorithms. In last, simulation results verify the iterative algorithm achieves a good performance in Decode and Forward (DF) relay system.

In order to improve the utilization of rice bran and study the satety quality and nutritional characteristics of rice bran oil,120 unhusked rice were collected from 6 rice planting area in China, determination of Cd and Pb contents in RBO were made by atomic absorption spectrometry when oryzanol content was made by colorimetric method,fatty acid was analyzed by Gas Chromatography and cancer inhibiton experiment was carried out with HepG2.Cd content is between 0.013 ~ 0.462 (mg.kg-1) and average value is (0.111±0.043) mg·kg-1. Pb content is between 0.036~0.230 (mg·kg-1 ) and average value is (0.089±0.024) mg·kg-1.Oryzanol content is 0.33% ~ 1.56% and average value is 0.80% which is much higher than other common edible vegetable oils.The main fatty acids of RBO are myristic acid,palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,arachidic acid,arachidonic acid.RBO of 0.2 mmol/L has a significant inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation.

Artificial Neural Network(ANN) is an effective method of data analysis and way of processing, which is widely used. In the article BP artificial neural network was used to set up groundwater quality assessment model in Industrial Park Catchment. The matlab toolbox was used to calculate it, and the result was satisfactory. The results of the study show that BP artificial neural network in the appraisal of water quality has the advantages of simplicity and practical.

The intelligent diagnosis based on medical services is proposed in this paper. Medical knowledge on the relation between results of chemical examination and diseases is learned by Artificial Intelligent(AI), and medical knowledge is encapsulated as Web service, finally intelligent diagnosis platform based on medical services is established. Besides, the way on intelligent diagnosis based on medical services is proposed in this paper, and intelligent diagnosis can serve the patients in this way, which will improve the efficiency and accuracy for diagnosis.

In order to realize sharing and collaboration of manufacturing resource and manufacturing capability based on knowledge and to realize added value of manufacturing resource and manufacturing capability. In this paper, we propose an ontology-based architecture for cloud manufacturing platform. Meanwhile, several key issues for cloud manufacturing platform including semantic description of manufacturing resource and manufacturing capability, manufacturing cloud service advertisement, manufacturing cloud service discovery and manufacturing cloud service composition are studied in particular. Thus, the research provides foundation for the future research, development, implementation and application of cloud manufacturing platform.

An information integration supporting system supporting for SMEs rapid product development is established. The architecture of the system based on web services is builded and the key technologies such as the building of information resources ontology model, the semantic retrieval and the selection method of information resource are discussed. The system supports enterprises for rapid product development and enables product development and personnel to make full use of network resources, enhance their ability to develop new products.

According to the study of process management and knowledge management, knowledge based complex product development process management system is built, which is used to control the product development process with the supporting of knowledge. Process management system and knowledge management system are studied, and its prototype is developed on the platform of .NET Framework. Knowledge based process management system can provide necessary knowledge for designers, which can decrease errors, improve intellectualization and efficiency.

Based on the common similarity algorithm between ontology concepts, this paper makes use of semantic weighted distance and introduces such factors as node density, concept attribute and concept information content, and presents an improved semantic similarity algorithm to make the measuring semantic similarity more accurate. Combined the similarity algorithm with SWRL, this paper establishes a semantic retrieval model of manufacturing resource based on rules and similarity , which applies the rules of SWRL to carry on conditional matching in the ontology concepts of manufacturing resource in order to retrieve more eligible results.

According to discussion of process management, workflow technology and the requirement of CE to PDM system, workflow based PDM system is built in this thesis, which takes process management as the main line to implement the projects management, parts management and documents management. PDM prototype is built and workflow based process management in PDM system is validated.

This paper mainly researches the problem that enterprises select equipment resource in manufacturing resources sharing system. There are many influencing factors and some are uncertain or unqualified in the selection, therefore this paper using AHP and grey correlation analysis to evaluate and select. Firstly, the selection index system of equipment resource according to AHP is established, and then selection model based on multi-hierarchical grey correlation analysis is constructed. Applying this model to help enterprise select equipment can avoid errors resulted from human objective cognition difference and equalitarianism. The select result is more scientific and reasonable, and more in line with the enterprise requirements.

The importance of customer service in customized design support is introduced. The basic requirements of customized design support are analyzed, including the difficulties and information flow. A model of information flow among customized design, manufacturing and service is built. The layers and support techniques for customized design support are discussed. The customized design support model is set up and the customized design support procedure is presented. A network-based architecture of customized design support system is proposed and the functions are discussed.

According to the design theory and method of complex product based on virtual prototype technology, with design characteristics of the hydraulic support, the system framework of the hydraulic support is established. The three-dimension (3-D) digital model of the hydraulic support virtual prototype conformed to the actual requirement is built. The static and dynamic analyses and simulation to the model are carried out. The research results show that the designed hydraulic support meets its actual work requirements.

Based on the bending fatigue properties of cylindrical gear pair, the worst meshing positions on driving and driven gears are respectively determined, the corresponding S-N curve for bending fatigue and loading spectrum of tooth root bending stress are obtained. Then a method for analyzing the bending fatigue of the cylindrical gear by ANSYS Workbench is studied and the simulation is carried out. Different from the traditional methods, the bending fatigue characteristic parameters such as safety coefficients and fatigue sensitive coefficients for every part of the tooth can be precisely calculated by finite element method. It provides an important basis for reliability design and structural optimization of the cylindrical gear pair.

In the recent two decades, Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) has been deeply applied in every aspect of manufacturing system, which has made great impacts on manufacturing industry and caused great changes. This paper has studied the deep impacts of AMT on manufacturing industry at the aspects of modeling mode, design mode, design test and evaluation method, working mode and production organization mode.

Manufacturing resources sharing is a strong support for the development of SMEs. By analyzing the development and current situation of SMEs, the function, architecture and the function model of the manufacturing resources sharing platform supporting SMEs are analyzed and established. The key technologies of the platform are discussed, such as the definition, classification, the information model, integration and the security management of the sharing manufacturing resources. The platform provides a strong support for the survival and development of the SMEs.

The measuring of semantic similarity is the key technique in information retrieval. Based on the common semantic similarity algorithm between concepts, this paper makes use of semantic weighted distance and introduces such factors as node density, concept attribute and concept information content, and presents an improved semantic similarity algorithm to make the measuring semantic similarity more accurate. Through experimental calculation and analysis, the semantic similarity obtained from the improved algorithm can describe more accurately the similar relation between ontology concepts, and correspond to a higher degree with human subjective judgment.

The technical principle of integrated solidification and cementation at cement-formation interface (ISCCFI) with Mud Cake to Agglomerated Cake (MTA) method based on the mud cake modifier and forming agent of agglomerated cake can be divided into two steps. Firstly, add the mud cake modifier (the amount is 1 % to 3 %) to the drilling fluid before drilling the isolation section, and keep this proportion until the well completion. Secondly, prepare 3 to 4 cubic meters of prepad fluid based on forming agent of agglomerated cake before the well cementing operation. This new method doesn’t need to change oilwell cement slurry system. In order to verify the practical cementing effect of MTA method, it was applicated in 16 adjustment wells (9 conventional wells and 7 heavy oil wells) in the old area of two oilfields in China. The interpretation results of CBL/VDL (Cement Bond Logging/Acoustic Variable Density logging) show that the qualified rate of casing-cement interface and cement-formation interface is up to 100 %, and the qualified rate of cement-formation interface increased by 30 % in Shengli oilfield and the average high-quality rate of all the isolation section length at cement-formation interface reaches 90.48 % in Henan oilfield.

Aiming at the current situation of manufacturing enterprises’ resources, the definition and the classification of manufacturing resources are given out. Combining with the dominance of ontology in knowledge reuse and sharing, the ontology classification hierarchy tree of the standardized part resources is defined. By analyzing the properties information of rolling bearing, its ontology model is established based on OWL. The OWL model can reflect better the essential relationship and the semantic relations between concepts, providing a good informationization foundation for manufacturing resources discovery, reuse and sharing.

To better understand the interaction of N transformation and exogenous C source and manage N fertilization, the effects of glucose addition on N transformation were determined in paddy soils with a gradient of soil organic C content. Changes in N mineralization, nitrification and denitrification, as well as their response to glucose addition were measured by incubation experiments in paddy soils derived from Quaternary red clay in subtropical China. Mineralization and denitrification were changed in order of increasing soil fertilities: high > middle > low. During the first week of incubation, net N mineralization and denitrification rates in paddy soil with high fertility were 1.9 and 1.1 times of those in soil with middle fertility and 5.3 and 2.9 times of those in soil with low fertility, respectively. Addition of glucose decreased net N mineralization by approximately 78.8, 109.2 and 177.4% in soils with high, middle and low fertility, respectively. However, denitrification rates in soils with middle and low fertility were increased by 14.4 and 166.2% respectively. The highest nitrate content among the paddy soils tested was 0.62 mg kg−1and the highest nitrification ratio was 0.33%. Addition of glucose had no obvious effects on nitrate content and nitrification ratio. It was suggested that the intensity of mineralization and denitrification was quite different in soils with different fertility, and increased with increasing soil organic C content. Addition of glucose decreased mineralization, but increased denitrification, and the shifts were greater in soil with low than in soil with high organic C content. Neither addition of glucose nor inherent soil organic C had obvious effects on nitrification in paddy soils tested.

Background and Purpose:Shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) has become a first-line intervention for treatment of nephrolithiasis. However, few studies have examined the effects of modifications in the method of shockwave energy administration on comminution efficiency. We propose that a gradual increase in output voltage will produce superior stone fragmentation in comparison with a constant or a decreasing output voltage by optimizing the stress wave and cavitation erosion forces on renal calculi.Materials and Methods:BegoStone®phantoms were implanted in the renal pelvis of 11 pigs that underwent SWL at a pulse repetition rate of 1 Hz. Animals in the increasing strategy group (N = 4) were subjected to 18, 20, and 22 kV for 600, 600, and 800 shocks, respectively. The second group (N = 4) received a decreasing strategy of 22, 20, and 18 kV for 800, 600, and 600 shocks, respectively. The third group (N = 3) received all 2000 shocks at 20 kV, mimicking the clinical protocol.Results:A progressively decreasing strategy and constant output voltage produced a mean comminution efficiency, or percentage of stone fragments <2 mm, of 89.0% ± 3.3% and 87.6% ± 1.7%, respectively. The mean comminution efficiency was improved to 96.5% ± 1.4% by using the increasing strategy (P= 0.01).Conclusions:A progressive increase in lithotripter output voltage during SWL can produce greater stone fragmentation than protocols employing constant or decreasing output voltage.

Summary: The concentrations of Bacillus thuringensis (Bt) toxin released from root exudation of Bt cotton were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and its impacts on the numbers of culturable functional bacteria in the rhizosphere were determined by cultivation. No Bt toxin was found in the rhizosphere of non-Bt cotton (SHIYUAN321), but varying levels of Bt toxin were present in the rhizosphere of two Bt cotton varieties (NuCOTN99B and SGK321) during the entire growth period. The levels of Bt toxin in the rhizosphere of NuCOTN99B were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of SGK321 within all sampling dates except on June 17th in the whole growth season. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found in the numbers of the three functional bacteria between SHIYUAN321 and NuCOTN99B within each sampling day from May 27th to October 27th. No significant differences were found in the numbers of functional bacteria among three cultivars after growth season. Fortification of pure Bt toxin into rhizospheric soil did not result in significant changes in the numbers of culturable functional bacteria, except the nitrogen-fixing bacteria when the concentration of Bt toxin was higher than 500 ng/g. The results indicated that Bt toxin was not the direct factor causing decrease of the numbers of bacteria in the rhizosphere, and other factors may be involved.

Pneumatic lithotripsy has been shown to be an effective and safe intracorporeal lithotripsy modality for renal and ureteral calculi, capable of fragmenting stones of all compositions. We determined the in vitrostone fragmentation abilities of the 0.5 mm flexible pneumatic lithotripsy probe when inserted through the working channel of 2, 7.5Fr flexible ureteroscope designs (straight working channel and offset working channel at approximately 30 degrees from the long axis of the endoscope). The velocity and displacement of the pneumatic probe tip were also evaluated with the probe inserted through each endoscope.

The comminution of kidney stones in shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is a dose dependent process caused primarily by the combination of 2 fundamental mechanisms, namely stress waves and cavitation. The effect of treatment strategy with emphasis on enhancing the effect of stress waves or cavitation on stone comminution in SWL was investigated. Because vascular injury in SWL is also dose dependent, optimization of the treatment strategy may produce improved stone comminution with decreased tissue injury in SWL.

We developed innovations in shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) technology.

Shock wave lithotripsy induced renal damage can occur as a result of multiple mechanisms, including small vessel injury and free radical production. Previous studies have demonstrated that shock wave lithotripsy exerts a regional change in renal hemodynamics, resulting in a global reduction in the glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma blood flow. We determined if biochemical evidence of cellular damage could be identified in ipsilateral locations remote from the shock wave site or in the contralateral kidney, suggesting regional or systemic alterations in renal function.

The Twinheads extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor (THSWL) is composed of 2 identical shock wave generators and reflectors. One reflector is under the table and the other is over the table with a variable angle between the axes of the 2 reflectors. The 2 reflectors share a common second focal point, making it possible to deliver an almost synchronous twin pulse to the targeted stone. We studied the optimal parameters for in vitro stone fragmentation.

Shock wave lithotripsy is believed to cause renal damage directly through cellular injury from high energy shock waves and indirectly through vascular injury and resultant ischemia, which gives rise to oxygen free radical compounds. The transient and volatile nature of free radicals and derived products makes their detection difficult. Moreover, certain medications may provide a protective effect against shock wave lithotripsy induced renal parenchymal injury. We introduced an innovative microdialysis system for in vivo sampling of interstitial fluids that can be analyzed for free radical mediated lipid peroxidation products after shock wave lithotripsy treatment in the swine model. In addition, this system was used to test the antioxidant or renoprotective action of allopurinol.