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In this study, we propose the use of a fiber-reinforced plastic grid with polymer-cement-mortar (FRP Grid-PCM) to reinforce segment joints in tunnel shield linings. These joints play a crucial role in determining bearing capacity but are vulnerable to deterioration during operation. To investigate how to enhance the flexural performance of longitudinal shield lining joints, we built eccentric short column specimens by bolting two half-corbel columns together and tested them in the laboratory. The test program comprised two control specimens and three strengthened specimens with FRP grid applied on one side, away from the axial load. The tests varied two main parameters: loading eccentricity and the number of FRP grid layers. We conducted a detailed analysis of the failure process, bearing capacity, and bending stiffness of longitudinal joints under different conditions. Furthermore, we developed an analytical model to predict the flexural bearing capacity of longitudinal joints upgraded with the FRP Grid-PCM method and validated it through experimental results. The research demonstrates that the FRP grid effectively reduces joint opening and rotation angles while enhancing the bearing capacity of the short column, particularly with concurrent increases in loading eccentricity and the number of FRP grid layers. Overall, our findings offer a novel alternative for improving the flexural performance of longitudinal joints in shield tunnels.

m-Trifluoromethylbenzene (FB) groups have been widely employed in various fields; however, no studies have reported the use of FB in side chains to enhance the carrier mobility and molecular doping of conjugated polymers. In this study, based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we discovered that FB groups can effectively bind to [FeCl4]−, the counterion of the p-type dopant FeCl3, thereby increasing doping ability. Consequently, FB groups were incorporated into the side chains of thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based donor–acceptor (D-A)-conjugated polymers, and a series of random conjugated polymers were synthesized (denoted as PDPPFB-x, where xrepresents the molar ratio of the FB side chain). The findings revealed that an appropriate number of FB groups can decrease the π–π stacking distances, enhance the films’ crystallinity, and consequently improve the charge transfer ability. Furthermore, after doping with FeCl3, the UV–vis–NIR spectra indicated that the doping efficiency was augmented by increasing the molar fraction of the FB side chain. Among these polymers, PDPPFB-10 exhibited the highest conductivity and power factor, which were 2.0 and 1.5 times higher than those of PDPPFB-0, respectively. These results illustrated a straightforward molecular design strategy for enhancing the crystallinity and conductivity of conjugated polymers, thereby expanding the way to optimize their thermoelectric performance.

With the prevalence of lean and just-in-time principles, traditional supply chains often exhibit inflexibility, leading to challenges in satisfying extensive customized orders and managing risks during disruptions. Thus, there is a need for a more flexible, resilient, and collaborative network and strategies to tackle the aforementioned challenges. In this study, we introduce a new supply network called the industry supply chain, aimed at enabling collaborative decision-making and dynamic reconfiguration. We create a graph neural network model to promptly identify sudden disturbances and devise a distributed multidisciplinary optimization model to facilitate collaborative reconfiguration. The experimental findings from an air-conditioning industry supply chain show that network reconfiguration under real-time disturbance detection reduces losses and improves operational stability.

Transfer learning (TL) has been widely applied in bearing defect diagnosis across various working conditions. However, some existing methods overlook the local and discriminative manifold structures hidden in samples with different distributions, which may degrade model diagnostic performance. In this study, a local manifold discriminant domain adaptation (LMDDA) TL method is proposed for bearing fault diagnosis. The source and target domains are first converted in manifold feature subspace to obtain robust feature representations. Then, an intermediate domain with a similar distribution to the target domain is generated from the source domain in the potential common subspace to reduce the distribution difference between source and target domains. Meanwhile, the local generated discrepancy metric is used to evaluate the discriminability of data, preserve the local manifold structure of the generated data, and align the local data. The intermediate and target domains are aligned by the maximum mean discrepancy metric to enhance the consistency of the local and global structures of data. On this basis, the low-rank constraint is introduced to guarantee the correlation between source and target data in virtue of the block diagonal property, which can improve the generalization ability and performance stability of the model. Finally, the least-squares method is utilized to achieve bearing fault diagnosis. A series of cross-domain fault diagnosis experiments was carried out to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method, and the results illustrate that LMDDA can accurately detect diverse fault types and handle intricate cross-domain adaptive scenarios.

Endowing a single conjugated polymer possessing high bipolar (both P- and N-types) electrical conductivities offers a considerable strategy to boost thermoelectric module performances. However, the effect of polymer structures on expediting the polarity switching process is rarely reported. Six indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene(IDT)-based polymers (PIDT-3T, PBIDT-3T, PBIDTT-3T, PIDT-DPP, PBIDT-DPP, and PBIDTT-DPP) were synthesized by modifying the IDT unit through embedding phenyl groups in the side chain (BIDT) and extending the π-delocalization of backbones (BIDTT). After doping with FeCl3, all the six IDT-based CPs display a switch in the sign of the Seebeck coefficient. According to ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the polarity switching can be attributed to both the crossing of the Femi level from above transporting level to below transporting level and transport gap diminishment. The UV–vis absorption spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated that the conjugated phenyl groups endow the BIDTT-based CPs with sufficient space along the polymer backbones for FeCl3distribution, and the extended backbones can promote the doping efficiency, accelerating the polarity switching process. Consequently, PBIDTT-DPP required the shortest polarity switching time of 1 min among the six polymers. This work provides an in-depth understanding of the polarity switching structure–function relationships and sheds light on the design of efficient n-type thermoelectric polymers.

Block copolymer (BCP) films with vertically aligned lamellar structures hold great application potential in multiple fields. Nevertheless, systematic control of the lamellar morphology in BCP films has rarely been reported so far, including connectivity, etch selectivity, and orientation. Here, we report an effective approach to construct perpendicularly oriented lamellar domains by incorporating the azobenzene groups into the side chains of polystyrene-block-polymethacrylate (PS-b-PMMA) with different flexible spacers (x), namely, PS-b-PMA(xC)Az (x= 0, 6, or 11). Two- and three-dimensional vertical lamellae, such as thick high-connectivity lamellae, thin defect-free lamellae, and mixture lamellae, can be fabricated by manipulating x. Simultaneously, the perpendicular lamellae with different morphologies can be obtained on various substrates, such as hard silicon wafers, flexible aluminum sheets, and transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films. Herein, a plausible mechanism is demonstrated. The present strategy might open an avenue to engineer the morphology of perpendicularly aligned lamellar films for applications that either require high-connectivity percolating transport or defect-free lithography templates.

The phenol adsorbent-activated biochar (AB) has high potential. The coupling effects of porous structures, graphite microcrystals and oxygen-containing groups of biochar are key concerns for phenol removal from water. For the sake of structural diversity, three biomass feedstocks (cotton stalk, poplar wood, and bamboo) were treated with four distinct activators (KOH, K2CO3, ZnCl2, and H3PO4) to produce ABs. The ABs are called KH-ABs, KC-ABs, ZN-ABs, and HP-ABs, respectively. The adsorption capacities of phenol vary significantly among various ABs, with ZN-ABs having the highest unit adsorption capacities (35.21–60.59 mg g−1). Additionally, the storage and transportation of phenol molecules in ABs require the hierarchical macropore–mesopore-microporous porous structure that has been created. The phenol is preferentially adsorbed in pores smaller than 1.4 nm (micropores). Mesopores and macropores of ABs play important roles in the transport of phenol molecules. The graphite microcrystals of ABs enhance the adsorption of phenol through π–π EDA while the oxygen-containing functional groups enhance the adsorption through hydrogen bond and donor–acceptor interaction. In addition, the KH-ABs possess not only high occupancy of micropores and graphite microcrystals but also a richer oxygen-containing group. The porous structure of KC-ABs is similar to that of KH-ABs. However, the oxygen-containing groups and graphite microcrystals of KC-ABs were poor, leading to some extent to a limitation in the adsorption performance. The well-developed pore structure of ZN-ABs facilitates adsorption, thereby improving the content of their oxygen-containing functional groups, which could further enhance their adsorption performance. Even though HP-ABs are rich in chemical sites, they are restricted as adsorbents because of their lack of microporous structure and graphite microcrystals.

We propose a two‐dimensional (2D)/ three‐dimensional (3D) mixed display system based on polarization division multiplexing. The polarization division multiplexing device is composed of a polarization switching layer, a polarization‐dependent liquid crystal micro‐lens array (LCMLA) and a scattering polarizer. According to the polarization state of incident light switched by the polarization switching layer, the combined action of polarization‐dependent LCMLA and scattering polarizer can form both point light source array for 3D display and scattered light source for 2D display. The 2D/3D mixed images can be reconstructed through the precise control of the polarization direction of each pixel. The advantage of the proposed system is that a point light source array and a surface light source are formed only by adjusting the state of the polarization switching layer. What's more, our proposed system has low driving voltage and relatively compact system volume.

This paper studies two multi-period mean-variance investment problems for a DC pension member before and after retirement. At any time, the pension manager can invest in a risk-free asset and multi-risky assets. Before retirement, the manager tries to optimize the mean-variance utility of the wealth in the member’s pension account at retirement. At retirement, the pension account wealth (or part of it) is used to purchase a paid-up annuity. After retirement, the manager has to pay the guaranteed annuity, continues to invest, and aims to optimize the mean-variance utility of the terminal wealth at a fix future time, to satisfy the pension member’s heritage and life needs in the next stage. Interest rate risk and income risk are introduced. Applying the game theory and the extended Bellman equation, the time-consistent investment strategies and the efficient frontiers before and after retirement are obtained explicitly. Obtained results indicate that the stochastic interest rate and the stochastic income have essential effects on the investment strategies.

The development of two‐dimensional (2D)/three‐dimensional (3D) switchable displays in the display market is limited due to the narrow depth of 3D display mode. In this paper, we propose a depth‐enhanced 2D/3D switchable display based on integral imaging that stacks multiple polarization switching layers and multiple polarization‐dependent liquid crystal micro‐lens arrays (LCMLAs) together. According to the change of the incident polarization state by the polarization switching layer, the polarization‐dependent LCMLA can realize the focusing effect and transmission effect respectively. Because different layers of polarization‐dependent LCMLA have different gaps (g) and the combination of different layers of polarization‐dependent LCMLA obtains different focal lengths (f), hence, multiple central depth planes can be generated to improve the depth of field (DOF) of the 3D mode. The 2D display mode is realized when all the layers of the polarization‐dependent LCMLA are in transmission effect. We experimentally developed a prototype of the proposed 2D/3D switchable display with two polarization switching layers and two polarization‐dependent LCMLAs. The results show that the DOF of the prototype is easily increased by more than two times. At the same time, the 2D image is also clearly presented in 2D mode without any distortion.

C27H20Cl2F2N2O3S, triclinic, P1‾$P‾{1}$(no. 2), a= 8.7887(4) Å, b= 11.2517(6) Å, c= 13.7609(7) Å, α= 74.962(4)°, β= 81.084(4)°, γ= 71.259(4)°, V= 1240.68(11) Å3, Z= 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0582, wRref(F2) = 0.1543, T = 100.0(1) K.

C26H18F5NO3S, triclinic, P1‾$P‾{1}$(no. 2), a= 7.8831(4) Å, b= 11.9591(7) Å, c= 13.3258(7) Å, α= 69.072(5)°, β= 88.556(4)°, γ= 73.730(5)°, V= 1122.48(11) Å3, Z= 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0507, wRref(F2) = 0.1216, T= 100.0(1) K.

Due to the complicated working conditions of the ship stern-shaft mechanical seals, it is very difficult to evaluate and optimize the temperature on the sealed end faces. In the paper, one FEA model of the small taper convergent stern-shaft mechanical seals was put forward, and the nonlinear end-face liquid film pressure distribution was derived from different end-face gaps based on the simplified Reynolds equation as the end-face input parameters in FEA model. To prove the correction of the FEA results, one experiment was designed and completed. At the same time, combined with a parametrically coupled FEA model and an orthogonal experimental design, one PSO-BP-GA method based on the combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO), BP neural network and genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed to optimize the temperature of the sealed end faces. The results show that aiming at the prediction accuracy of the temperature on the sealed end faces, the PSO-BP algorithm is higher than BP algorithm and GA-BP algorithm, which error interval is shortened about 40% and 29%, respectively. Subsequently, PSO-BP-GA algorithm is obviously better than BP-GA algorithm and GA-BP-GA algorithm, which validates its effectiveness and feasibility. It will help to lay a theoretical foundation for temperature evaluation on the sealed end faces.

Mechanisms associated with the control of flower color in crape myrtle varieties have yet to be sufficiently elucidated, which has tended to hamper the use of modern molecular and genetic strategies in the breeding programs for this plant.The whole transcriptome of four L. indicavarieties characterized by different flower colors (white, light purple, deep purplish pink, and strong red) was sequenced, and we performed bioinformatic, quantitative PCR, and co-expression analyses of R2R3 MYB transcription factor and anthocyanin/flavonol pathway genes. We obtained a total of 49,980 transcripts with full-length coding sequences. Both transcriptome and qPCR analyses revealed that anthocyanin/flavonol pathway genes were differentially expressed among the four different flowers types, with the expression of LiPAL, LiCHS, LiCHI, LiDFR, LiANS/LDOX, and LiUFGTbeing induced in colorful flowers, whereas that of LiF3´5´H, LiFLS, and LiLARwas found to be inhibited. Base on phylogenetic analysis, seven R2R3 MYB transcriptional factors were identified as putative regulators of flower color. The molecular characteristics and co-expression patterns indicated that these MYBs differentially modulate their target genes, with two probably acting as activators, three as repressors, and one contributing to the regulation of vacuolar pH. The findings of this study indicate that the anthocyanin biosynthesis is more active than the flavonol and proanthocyanin in the colorful flowers. These observations provide new genomic information on L. indicaand contribute gene resources for the flower color-targeted breeding of crape myrtle.

In this paper, we propose a depth‐enhanced integral imaging display based on bifocal lens array. The bifocal lens array consists of a small lens array with plano‐convex circular lens units and a large lens array with square lens units. The proposed display device generates two central depth planes and stitches two reconstructed 3‐D images in depth, which largely improves the depth of field. The experimental results indicate that the proposed structure reconstructed 3‐D image with the depth of field as large as 150.8 mm, which is double of conventional integral imaging display. We propose a depth‐enhanced integral imaging display based on bifocal lens array. The bifocal lens array consists of a small lens array with plano‐convex circular lens units and a large lens array with square lens units. The proposed display device generates two central depth planes, which can achieve a continuous depth of field twice of the traditional integral imaging display.

The reflective augmented reality 3D display based on lens‐type integral imaging is presented by using a reflective polarizer. The reflective polarizer functions as a reflective imaging device as well as an image combiner. We confirmed that the proposed system could receive the 3D image and reflect image simultaneously.

To obtain the effect of the viewpoint number on the accommodation response of human eyes, we measure the accommodation response of the human eyes when we view the 3D images with 8×8, 6×6, 4×4, 2×2, 1×1 viewpoints, and compare the results with the accommodation response when viewing real target.

Thermal activation energy for charge transfer (Eact,σ) plays a crucial role in determining the electrical properties of organic semiconductors, which are largely dominated by the Coulomb binding energy (Ecoul,ICTC) or static energy disorder (σICTC) of the formed integer charge transfer complexes at low or high doping concentration, respectively. Herein, we provide two typical donor–acceptor type polymers with distinct donors to disclose the role of molecular parameters in response for their corresponding thermoelectric (TE) behaviors. Noticeably, both the Ecoul,ICTCand σICTCof the polymers can be effectively restrained by varying the initial carbazole (CZ) donor to the dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (DTP) moiety, which contributes to the remarkably decreased Eact,σvalues of the PDTP-DPP than that of PCZ-DPP. Accordingly, the optimized power factors (PF) for PDTP-DPP (10.8 μW m–1K–2) is almost 5 times higher than the primary PCZ-DPP (1.8 μW m–1K–2) at ambient condition. In addition, a further improved PF over 85.5 μW m–1K–2can be achieved by PDTP-DPP at 488 K due to the synergy of thermal-induced dedoping and thermal-activated semiconducting behavior. Ultraviolet photoelectron and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirm the lower thermal activation energy for efficient p-doping of PDTP-DPP than that of PCZ-DPP.

ObjectiveDietary fibre has beneficial effects on energy metabolism, and the majority of studies have focused on short-chain fatty acids produced by gut microbiota. Ginseng has been reported to aid in body weight management, however, its mechanism of action is not yet clear. In this study, we focused on the potential modulating effect of ginseng on gut microbiota, aiming to identify specific strains and their metabolites, especially long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), which mediate the anti-obesity effects of ginseng.DesignDb/db mice were gavaged with ginseng extract (GE) and the effects of GE on gut microbiota were evaluated using 16S rDNA-based high throughput sequencing. To confirm the candidate fatty acids, untargeted metabolomics analyses of the serum and medium samples were performed.ResultsWe demonstrated that GE can induce Enterococcus faecalis, which can produce an unsaturated LCFA, myristoleic acid (MA). Our results indicate that E. faecalisand its metabolite MA can reduce adiposity by brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and beige fat formation. In addition, the gene of E. faecalisencoding Acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOTs) exhibited the biosynthetic potential to synthesise MA, as knockdown (KD) of the ACOT gene by CRISPR-dCas9 significantly reduced MA production. Furthermore, exogenous treatment with KD E. faecaliscould not reproduce the beneficial effects of wild type E. faecalis, which work by augmenting the circulating MA levels.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that the gut microbiota-LCFA-BAT axis plays an important role in host metabolism, which may provide a strategic advantage for the next generation of anti-obesity drug development.

Accurately identifying the structural parameters is a crucial way to increase the accuracy of the mechanical arm. A novel means combining the single-point conical hole repeatability experiment and meta-heuristic algorithms is proposed. Firstly, the kinematic model of the mechanical arm is constructed by adopting the modified Denavit–Hartenberg (MDH) method. Secondly, to overcome the difficulty of relying on the high-precision equipment in the identification process, an objective function by means of the kinematic model cleverly transforms this difficulty into a function optimization problem. Thirdly, a modified chicken swarm optimization algorithm (mCSO) focusing on dynamically and adaptively changing moving steps of chickens is designed to tackle the issue of the low convergence accuracy. Then, mCSO and other meta-heuristic algorithms are exploited to figure out the objective function to obtain the identified structural parameters. Finally, to prove and test the availability and reliability of the approach, the single-point conical hole repeatability experiment is conducted by using the mechanical arm before and after identification. The experimental result reveals that the novel means is efficacious and practicable.

This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic potential of osthole for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), focusing on its ability to alleviate chronic pruritus (CP) and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major cause for chemotherapy failure, which constitutes a formidable challenge in the field of cancer therapy. The synergistic chemo-photothermal treatment has been reported to be a potential strategy to overcome MDR. In this work, rationally designed enzyme-degradable, hyperbranched polyphosphoester nanomedicines were developed for reversing MDR via the codelivery of doxorubicin and IR-780 (hPPEDOX&IR) as combined chemo-photothermal therapy. The amphiphilic hyperbranched polyphosphoesters with phosphate bond as the branching point were synthesized via a simple but robust one-step polycondensation reaction. The self-assembled hPPEDOX&IRexhibited good serum stability, sustained release, preferable tumor accumulation, and enhanced drug influx of doxorubicin in resistant MCF-7/ADR cells. Moreover, the degradation of hPPEDOX&IRwas accelerated in the presence of alkaline phosphatase, which was overexpressed in various cancers, resulting in the fast release of encapsulated doxorubicin. The enzyme-degradable polymer generated synergistic chemo-photothermal cytotoxicity against MCF-7/ADR cells and, thus, the efficient ablation of DOX-resistant tumor without regrowth. This delivery system may open a new avenue for codelivery of chemo- and photothermal therapeutics for MDR tumor therapy.

Molecular doping has become a widely used method to modulate the electric performance of organic semiconductors (OSC). Highly effective charge transfer during molecular doping is desired to achieve ideal electrical conductivity. Two types of charge transfer mechanisms are widely accepted in molecular doping process: integer charge transfer (ICT) and charge transfer complex (CTC). In this review, fundamental principles of two mechanisms are revisited and the characterization methods are depicted. The key points for the formation of two mechanisms are highlighted from aspects of molecular structure and process engineering. Then, the strategies to improve the proportion of ICT are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for future developments in the molecular doping of polymer semiconductors are provided.

To analysis and summarize the imaging characteristics of the complications of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Central Nervous System (CNS).

Foxp3 is essential for T regulatory cell (Treg) function. Broad complex-Tramtrack-Bric-a-brac domain (BTB) and Cap‘n’collar (CNC) homology 1, transcription factor 2 (BACH2) stabilizes Treg immune homeostasis in murine studies. However, little is known regarding what role, if any, BACH2 may have in Foxp3 regulation in human-induced Treg (iTreg). We examined Foxp3 expression and regulation comparing iTreg differentiated from umbilical cord blood (UCB) vs. adult blood (AB) naive CD4+T-cells. Foxp3 expression was higher in UCB vs. AB-derived iTreg, and was sustained during 21-day expansion in vitro. The number of Foxp3+iTreg generated from UCB vs. AB naive CD4+T-cells was higher in iTreg differentiation conditions. In addition, UCB iTreg were more potent in suppressing T-cell proliferation compared to AB iTreg. Naive UCB CD4+T-cells highly expressed BACH2 protein compared to AB. Putative transcriptional BACH2 binding sites were identified at the Foxp3 promoter, using BACH2 consensus sequence. Cross-linking chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed that BACH2 binds to the Foxp3 proximal promoter in UCB iTreg, but not AB iTreg. BACH2 was transcriptionally active, as shRNA-mediated BACH2 knockdown resulted in reduction of Foxp3 gene transcription in UCB CD4+T-cells. In summary, BACH2 serves to stabilize robust Foxp3 expression in UCB CD4+T-cell-derived iTreg.

The smart flexibility of phase transitions in liquid crystals (LCs) makes them suitable for various applications and is an important research field in contemporary science, engineering, and technology. Unlike most reports focused on bent-core LCs in the thermotropic situation, in our present study, we designed and synthesized a fully rigid bent-core molecule with the sulfonic acid group replacing conventional flexible chains. A rich variety of counterion-induced supramolecular LC phase behaviors have been systematically investigated. It was found that the smectic phase with nanosheets tends to transform to the hexagonal phase with nanofilaments when the protons of the sulfonic acid group are partially replaced by alkali metal ions. The experimental results show that the nanoaggregate and phase transition are controlled by the displacing ratio of alkali metal ions rather than the molecular concentration. Another interesting feature is that the achiral bent-core molecules self-assemble into columns by helical stacking and present macroscopic chirality, indicating that spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking occurs in the columnar phase. The fully rigid bent-core molecules reveal surprisingly hierarchical molecular self-assemblies with the smectic-to-hexagonal phase transition, which was not previously observed in supramolecular complexes. The findings will provide new possibilities for applications in LC-based photonic devices, biosystem switches, and supramolecular actuators.

Both production of DNA damage and subsequent prevention of its repair are crucial in concluding the therapeutic outcome of radiotherapy (RT). However, nearly all current strategies for improving RT focus only on one of the two aspects and overlook the necessity of their combinations. In this work, we introduce a concept of DNA-dual-targeting nanomedicine (NM) to simultaneously enhance DNA lesion formation and prevent the succeeding repair. Briefly, the cisplatin prodrug loaded in NM can form platinated DNA in cell nuclei, making DNA more vulnerable to the ionizing radiation generated by RT. Concomitantly, the spatial-temporally codelivered vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, prolongs the build-up of double-strand breaks and causes cell apoptosis en masse, probably due to the suppressed expression of DNA repair proteins. Furthermore, this nanoplatform is suitable for fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging techniques, enabling accurate trafficking of the NM as well as reliable real-time imaging-guided precision RT. Finally, results from in vitro and in vivo jointly reveal that this dual-action system attains a remarkably enhanced radiotherapeutic outcome. In conclusion, our imaging-guided DNA-dual-targeting design represents a novel strategy for efficient cancer precision RT.

The fluid viscosity is known to have a significant effect on the hydrodynamic characteristics which are linked to the power conversion ability of the wave energy converter (WEC). To overcome the disadvantages of case-by-case study through the experiments and numerical computations employed by the former researches, the viscous effect is studied comprehensively for multiple geometries in the present paper. The viscous effect is expressed as the viscous added mass and damping solved by the free-decay method. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is employed for the calculation of the motion and flow field around the floater. The diameter to draft ratio and bottom shape are considered for the geometrical evaluation on the viscous effect. The results show that a slenderer floater presents a stronger viscous effect. Through the comparisons of the floaters with four different bottom shapes, the conical bottom is recommended in terms of low viscous effect and simple geometry for manufacture. A viscous correction formula for a series of cylindrical floaters is put forward, for the first time, to help the engineering design of outer-floaters of point-absorber WECs.

Mutations in the proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) are associated with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) and several other paroxysmal neurological diseases, but the PRRT2 function and pathogenic mechanisms remain largely obscure. Here we show that PRRT2 is a presynaptic protein that interacts with components of the SNARE complex and downregulates its formation. Loss-of-function mutant mice showed PKD-like phenotypes triggered by generalized seizures, hyperthermia, or optogenetic stimulation of the cerebellum. Mutant mice with specific PRRT2 deletion in cerebellar granule cells (GCs) recapitulate the behavioral phenotypes seen in Prrt2-null mice. Furthermore, recording made in cerebellar slices showed that optogenetic stimulation of GCs results in transient elevation followed by suppression of Purkinje cell firing. The anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine used in PKD treatment also relieved PKD-like behaviors in mutant mice. Together, our findings identify PRRT2 as a novel regulator of the SNARE complex and provide a circuit mechanism underlying the PRRT2-related behaviors.

In non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome, lipid core burden at coronary CT angiography independently predicted participants and plaques at higher risk for future nonrevascularized plaque–related major adverse cardiovascular events.

In general, after Panax ginsengis administered orally, intestinal microbes play a crucial role in its degradation and metabolization process. Studies on the metabolism of P. ginsengby microflora are important for obtaining a better understanding of their biological effects.

In this paper, a low-loss and wavelength-insensitive asymmetric 1×5 arbitrary optical power splitter is designed and optimized, which is composed of a three-branch and two Y-branch elements. A low-loss and wavelength-independent arbitrary 1×5 optical power splitter can be obtained. Asymmetric 1×5 optical power splitters of different output ratios are fabricated using silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology on a 6-inch quartz substrate. The measured results show that the IL_output1, IL_output2∼5, UNIF_output2∼5, PDL, and WDL of the output ratio 33%:67%, 50%:50%, and 95%:5% are less than (5.302 dB, 8.483 dB, 0.422 dB, 0.191 dB, 0.345 dB), (3.46 dB, 9.71 dB, 0.28 dB, 0.119 dB, 0.231 dB), and (1.52 dB, 14.15 dB, 0.44 dB, 0.366 dB, 0.561 dB), respectively, in the wavelength of 1.27 μm, 1.31 μm, 1.49 μm, 1.55 μm, and 1.625 μm.

A C3-symmetric hexamine (LH6) based on the triphenylene and ortho-phenylenediamine (PDAH2) skeletons has been synthesized, and was partially or fully deprotonated upon treatment with alkali metal agents to afford amino–amido or diamido coordination sites. Four alkali metal complexes, the dinuclear [Na2(LH4)(DME)5] (1) and [K2(LH4)(DME)4] (2), trinuclear [K3(LH3)(DME)6] (3), and hexanuclear [Li6(L)(DME)6] (4), were obtained and used in transmetalation/ligand exchange with other metals. The hexalithium salt of the fully deprotonated ligand, [Li6L], reacted with heavier group 14 element halides to yield three tris(N-heterocyclic tetrylenes), the germylene [Ge3(L)] (5), stannylene [Sn3(L)] (6), and plumbylene [Pb3(L)] (7). The synthesis and crystal and electronic structures of these compounds are reported.

With the development of industrial automation technology, non-standard automation devices have attracted more and more attention in modern manufacturing enterprise for its flexibility and customisation features. To deal with increasing requirements of rapid and customised development of non-standard automation control systems, soft PLC model of CoDeSys, which complies with IEC 61131-3, and the protocol of industrial real-time Ethernet (RTE) Ethernet for manufacture automation control (EtherMAC) are analysed. Design method of industrial RTE EtherMAC component library which based on CoDeSys runtime system (RTS) component library is studied. Then CoDeSys OPC communication model and database for shop-floor data access are studied as well. Based on these works, a non-standard automation control system development platform is designed and implemented through the combination of CoDeSys and EtherMAC. This platform integrates industrial RTE EtherMAC component library and database to provide modules for developers to achieve not only logic and motion control functions but also shop-floor management and monitoring. In order to verify the flexibility and feasibility of the development platform, a solar panel automatic laying machine control system with shop-floor management and monitoring functions is designed through the platform.

Conventional pyrolysis biochar generally has underdeveloped pore structure, low surface activity and poor electrochemical performance, which seriously limit its application in supercapacitors. Herein, biochar was fabricated through KHCO3activation coupling microwave-assisted phosphoric acid hydrothermal carbonization (MPHTC). The results revealed that both MPHTC and KHCO3activation can further improve the physicochemical structure and electrochemical characteristics of crop straw-derived biochar. Biochar obtained by KHCO3activation coupling MPHTC (HBCK) exhibited the highest surface oxygen content and the most adsorbed O2/H2O and aromatic CO, as well as a larger proportion of defect structures. Moreover, CS-HBCK displayed advantageous pore structure, with the highest specific surface area (1058.36 cm2/g), the largest total pore volume (0.79 cm3/g), and a superior micropore proportion of 59.21 %. Hence, CS-HBCK exhibited the highest specific capacitance (317.01 F/g) with better rate performance and lower resistance, whose capacity retention rate could reach 87.33 % after 10,000 cycles of charge-discharge. Furthermore, the CS-HBCK symmetric capacitor could achieve an excellent energy density of 14.82 Wh/kg at the power density of 225 W/kg, whose coulombic efficiency could still be maintained at a high level (98.38 %) after 10,000 cycles of charge-discharge, indicating a great potential of recycled waste crop straw in energy storage systems.

Inappropriate handling of copper-rich water bodies could cause serious threats to surrounding environments and human health. Remedying Cu2+using the environmental-friendly MICP technology starts drawing great attention from scientists and practitioners, but a rather low Cu immobilization efficiency has been reported in a significant body of research. The present work investigated how the degree of urea hydrolysis and pH surrounding conditions varied with the effect of culture medium, bacterial suspension dosage, and CaCl2addition using the test tube experiments. The speciation of carbonate precipitation was further analysed by the numerical simulations to reveal the underlying mechanisms affecting the Cu immobilization efficiency. The results indicated that a low Cu immobilization efficiency is attained either using lower or higher degrees of urea hydrolysis. Although higher bacterial suspension dosages cause an improvement in the resistance of the ureolytic bacteria against the effect of Cu toxicity, pH surrounding is lifted up, promoting the formation of copper-ammonia complex and imposing risks of Cu2+migration. A combination of yeast extract and CaCl2addition can not only improve the degree of urea hydrolysis by competing for adsorption with Cu2+but also accelerate the consumption of OH-, thereby securing the Cu immobilization efficiency. The findings shed light on the potential of applying the MICP technology to copper-rich water bodies immobilization.

An integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) system, consisting of an upflow chamber and a downflow chamber, was designed to treat synthetic sewage wastewater. The potential influence of vegetation (with and without the planting of Canna indica) and substrate type (ceramsite, quartz and zeolite granules filled in CM-A, CM-B and CM-C, respectively) on the performance of wastewater treatment and electricity generation in the CW-MFCs was evaluated during long-term operation. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that both vegetation and substrate type significantly affected the effluent ammonium (NH4+-N) and orthophosphate (PO43--P) concentrations (p < 0.05), and the interaction term (i.e., vegetation × substrate type) was significant for both NH4+-N and PO43--P removal (p < 0.05). The efficient N removal in the planted CM-A and CM-C could be partly attributed to the enhanced cathodic denitrification in association with the high-power outputs. After plant removal, the deterioration of wastewater treatment and electricity generation performance was observed in all of the CW-MFCs except for CM-A. Using ceramsite as the substrate of a CW-MFC would contribute to a promising performance. However, the increased nirK/nirSand nosZ/16 S rDNA ratios indicated a risk of N2O emission in the unplanted CM-A, while the gradual decrease in the PO43--P removal efficiency indicated the saturation of adsorption sites on the ceramsite granules after two years of operation.

In order to save manpower, improve the quality of productions and the efficiency of productions, the double-stuffed bag machine is developed. After a lot of experiments and analysis, the way of double-stuffed is put forward and the Omron PLC is adopted as the main controller, and Omron HMI is adopt as the display device. According to the requirements of technology the number of PLC is chose, its extension is chose, the software about the control system is wrote. The efficiency of the double-stuffed bag machine reach 25 bags/minute. The efficiency of the device is greatly improved and can reach the domestic advanced level. The design scheme of double-stuffed bag improves the speed of the Cypriot bags, ensures the quality of the product, reduces the difficulty of the operation, and that has a good market prospect.

Secure Transmission Model of massive train information is mainly to cater for train-ground information transmission system, to solve the high reliability and high security issues of massive moving train data. Secure Transmission Model technology scheme of massive train information includes software solutions and hardware technology solutions.

In order to quickly detect the harmful substances in food, a multiple channel portable food safety detector which can be used in the field test is designed. The detector uses the newly national standards and methods, and the combination of Windows CE Operate System and colorful LED touch screen was adopted in this design, changing the operate tool from mouse to fingers, making the operation much more simple and convenient. The result of experiment shows that the system has the advantage such as easy operating, portable, high performance and high reliability. And it can detect Pesticides residue more quickly and accurately, and the measurement error are between ±2% and ±4%, which meets the national standards and its design require.

Highly-quality GaN films were deposited on diamond substrate using an electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced metal organic chemical vapor deposition system (ECR-PEMOCVD) at the proper temperature. The source of gallium is Trimethyl gallium (TMGa) and N2, and the influence of temperature on the properties of GaN films was investigated systematically by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), room temperature photoluminescence (PL), respectively. The dense and uniformed GaN films with highly c-axis preferred orientation were successfully achieved on free-standing diamond substrates under optimized deposition temperature of 400 ºC.

To improve the precision and reduce the movement uncertainty of the industrial robot, a novel hybrid optimization algorithm which combines adaptive genetic algorithm with simulated annealing algorithm is proposed in this article. First, for the sake of increasing the global exploring ability of relevant individuals, the adaptive crossover and mutation operator are used in the phase of adaptive genetic algorithm. If the population optimized by adaptive genetic algorithm is trapped in the local optimal area and simultaneously meets the transformation rule, then it is consequently optimized by simulated annealing to enhance the population diversity and hunt for a better solution so that the probability of finding the global optimal solution is greatly increased. Then, corresponding experiments based on single point repeatability are conducted to acquire data and identify the structural parameters of the industrial robot. Moreover, the single point repeatability test and length test are all implemented at the same time to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. At last, the result reveals that the proposed method is effective to identify the real structural parameters of the industrial robot, thus enormously decreasing the single point repeatability and length deviation at the same time, which extremely increases the precision and decreases the movement uncertainty of the industrial robot.

With the development of urban area, its scale and aggregation effected continue to increase. Besides, the increase in land prices and building density, functional needs and so on make great efforts in forcing to develop the underground space which provides the functions such as urban transportation, shopping, culture, entertainment ,catering and so on. Taking the main city of Nanjing as example, the paper discusses the problems and current situation, the relationship between underground space and ground space in terms of requirements and space layout, proposes the requirements and layout of underground space should meet the scarcity of functional layout of the ground above.

To improve upon the Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes , incorporating compressed sensing (CS) and information redundancy, a new joint decoding algorithm frame is presented. The proposed system exploits the information redundancy by CS reconstruction during the iterative decoding process to correct decoding of LDPC codes. The simulation results show that the algorithm presented can improve system decoding performance and obviously make bit error ratio (BER) lower then traditional LDPC codes. In addition, a relatively short argument is given on different CS reconstructed algorithms in proposed system, the new design is shown to benefit from different CS reconstructed algorithms.

In order to meet the online testing requirements in current manufacturing automated production of car foam，the paper proposes a method for detecting the mould that products the foam by using machine vision and introduces the overall solutions of the system. The detection arithmetic mainly includes the image preprocessing、image template matching, interesting region acquisition and the blob detection of image segmentation. The arithmetic is developed in VS2010.Through a series of experiments, the result shows that the arithmetic meets the requirements of inspecting various moulds on the production line.

Diatoms are commonly used for the assessment to determine the unending rivers and lakes due to their broad distribution and its integrative nature. As it is, the corresponding evolution of species and quantity will come into being in diatom communities with the variation of physicochemical characteristics and the pollution of organic, which can indicate directly the local ecological status of aquatic environment. Water samples were collected from 32 sites in unending streams and lakes along with the Yangtze River and its cardinal branches during the mid-July last year, in order to analyze the feature of its distribution and communities. Biological diatom index BDI and the diversity index H′ were used to assess the degree of water eutrophication . We concluded that a great many biometrical indexes are valuable tools for the assessment and future monitoring of waters, combined with the ecological theory, the species of Cyclotella meneghiniana, Stephanodiscus parvus and Navicula subminiscula manifest to be very good indicators for the outbreak of eutrophication in the middle reach region of the Yangtze River and the Han River.