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The braking system of the vehicle is liable to fail due to the high temperature of frequent braking in the downhill road. This paper analyzes the influence of the main operating parameters of the vehicle on the maximum temperature of the brake disc surface. Firstly, the mechanical characteristics of the vehicle on the long downhill road are analysed, and the Finite Element Model of the brake disc/friction plate is established; Secondly, the effects of gradient, vehicle weight, brake speed threshold and brake pressure on the braking cycle and disc brake temperature field on long downhill roads are studied. The results show that when the gradient increases from 3° to 9°, the maximum temperature of the brake disc increases by 41.6%, while when the vehicle weight increases from 4 to 7 tons, the brake disc temperature only increases by 16.7%. For the braking speed threshold and braking force that the driver can control, selecting a smaller braking force and a lower braking speed threshold can better inhibit the temperature rise of the brake disc. Finally, the effectiveness of the simulation method is verified by the real vehicle test. It is found that the average measured temperature is 9.2%–11.8% lower than the simulated average temperature. It is considered that the modified temperature value can be obtained by reducing the maximum temperature of the simulation model by 5%–6%.

With the development of global position system (GPS), wireless technology and location aware services, it is possible to collect a large quantity of trajectory data. In the field of data mining for moving objects, the problem of anomaly detection is a hot topic. Based on the development of anomalous trajectory detection of moving objects, this paper introduces the classical trajectory outlier detection (TRAOD) algorithm, and then proposes a density-based trajectory outlier detection (DBTOD) algorithm, which compensates the disadvantages of the TRAOD algorithm that it is unable to detect anomalous defects when the trajectory is local and dense. The results of employing the proposed algorithm to Elk1993 and Deer1995 datasets are also presented, which show the effectiveness of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Aeromedical evacuation (AE), which is not well-developed in many less-developed countries, becomes increasingly important in preserving function and saving lives during disasters. Our primary goal was to describe and analyze the age, specialty, the relevant training or operational experience, attitude toward professional training, and main difficulties during aeromedical evacuation in critical care AE staff after the 2010 Yushu earthquake in China. Methods: A total of 120 questionnaires were sent to AE staff and 114 responses were received. There were 77 members involved in AE who were classified into an AE Group, and the other 37 were classifed into an Airport Group. Results: Those whose ages were between 26 and 35 yr old accounted for the largest proportion of both groups; the top 3 specialties of the 114 responders were surgery (28.95°,4), internal medicine (28.07%), and emergency medicine (1 6.67%). Few of the staff had participated in AE operations or training before they were sent to Batang Airport. However, the proportion of members with experience in other emergency medical operations or training programs in the AE Group was higher. Staff in both groups agreed that the critical care capacity of AE needed to be improved (N = 107, 93.86%) and the need for specialized training was high (N = 105, 92.11%). The main problems raised by the AE Group members were narrow cabin, airsickness, lack of medical equipment, poor coordination, noise, aircraft turbulence, and low air pressure. Conclusions: The results of the study supported the urgent requirement for building a professional critical care AE unit with well-equipped medical staff and facilities, and for founding a formal critical care training program in AE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]