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ABSTRACTA previous study using next-generation sequencing illustrated and confirmed that the cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 (CHRM3)gene resides within CNVRs of yak populations that overlap with quantitative trait loci (QTL) relating to meat quality and growth, and plays a prominent role in smooth muscle contraction. This study was conducted to determine the distribution of the CNVs of the CHRM3gene in five Chinese domestic yak breeds and to investigate the influences of the CHRM3gene on the gene expression and growth traits of the Datong yak. The data were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS software. Our results revealed that a gain CNV type in the CHRM3gene is more highly associated (P < 0.05) with various growth traits in six-month-old and five-year-old Datong yaks. The gain CNV type of the CHRM3gene more frequently occurred than loss and normal types in all yak breeds. Nevertheless, the CHRM3gene copy number had a highly significant (P < 0.0012) and moderately negative correlation with the mRNA transcription levels were determined in the skeletal muscle of Chinese Datong yaks. Therefore, we concluded that this study provided inclusive information on the application of CNVs of the CHRM3in growth traits and its possible function.

As a powerful simulation tool, simulink being increasingly used in modern design, yet one distinctive feature of modern design is that they need to be updated frequently [1,2]. Take the control strategy blocks for example, the paper present a method to update the blocks including mdl files and m files automatically by writing script using Matlab. After the update work it will record the work log automatically, during the update process it also checks the potential errors made by human to make sure the update work is correct. It is a convenient and reliable method to update the simulink blocks.

To optimize the supply and exhaust stroke of electro-pneumatic changeover valve (EP valve), a basic structure of proportional solenoid which used in the EP valve is designed, and a computational model of proportional solenoid and EP valve simulation model are established based on the AMESim. Then the electric magnetic characteristic curves of proportional electromagnetic valve and EP valve output side air pressure curves of different supply and exhaust stroke are obtained by simulations. Through the analysis of the simulation results to optimize the supply and exhaust stroke of the EP valve.

To analyze the variation of electromagnetic field distribution, a mathematical model of the eddy current brake (ECB) is established and the two-dimensional simulation and three-dimensional simulation are comparatively analyzed. Then the curves of the braking torque of the ECB at different speeds are obtained by the simulations. The characteristics of two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulation of the electromagnetic field of the ECB are summarized by contrasted comparative curves between simulation date and test date. The analysis is helpful to optimizing the application of electromagnetism by using software.

In this paper we have calculated the eigenvalues and wavefunctions for a coupled oscillator system based on the adiabatic approximation theory. The result is comparable with those of the other methods. The vibrational mode picture provided by the adiabatic approximation is preferable to that of the self-cosistent field method.

By means of the proposed adiabatic approximation model for vibrational redistribution [Lin, S. H. (1980) Chem. Phys. Lett.70, 492-499], the calculations of various rate constants caused by different couplings have been given in detail. By two methods it has been demonstrated that the rate constant caused by the Born-Oppenheimer mechanism, corrected by the non-Condon approximation, has the same order of magnitude as that contributed by the anharmonic mechanism. Furthermore, the important effect of molecular rotation on the rate constant based on the Coriolis coupling has been demonstrated.

A plastic flow-induced fracture theory for fatigue crack growth is presented. A new formulae for the fatigue stress intensity threshold and the fatigue crack growth rate law are derived by applying the principle of energy conservation in considering the fatigue crack growth process in the presence of local plastic flow ahead of the crack-tip. The present theory predicts not only the fatigue crack growth rate being just proportional to the rate of creation of dislocation at the crack-tip, but also the fatigue stress intensity threshold, which can be determined according to the applied fatigue stress amplitude and the characteristic size of microstructural fracture process ahead of the crack-tip, and can account for the fatigue crack growth characteristics at both low and high levels of applied fatigue stress intensity amplitude. All the results are universal and agree with the existing empirical results and experimental observations.

A model for hydrogen-induced cracking is proposed and developed on the assumption that hydrogen enters the embrittling process zone (EPZ) ahead of the crack-tip and promotes localized plastic flow which is proportional to its concentration. The formulae of the criterion for crack propagation,KIH, and the crack growth rate dl/dt, are derived and applied to the experimental data of AISI4340 superhigh-strength steels.

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