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ABSTRACTHip fractures (VOHF) are a type of bone fracture that occurs in the hip bone, typically affecting older adults. Recovery from hip fractures in older adults can be challenging due to factors such as decreased mobility, weakened bones, and other health issues. This paper intends to determine the effect of mini-nutrition nursing plus Baduanjin rehabilitation exercise on postoperative rehabilitation of elderly patients with vertebral or hip fractures (VOHF). 106 senile VOHF patients were chosen for the study between May 2020 and May 2022. The research group (RG) consisted of 60 patients who received mini-nutrition nursing + Baduanjin rehabilitation exercise, while the control group (CG) had 46 patients who received mini-nutrition nursing + routine rehabilitation training. The study compared the fracture healing effect, MAMC, CC, and MNA-SF scores. The rehabilitation status of patients was evaluated using FMA, BI, BBS, and VAS. Adverse reactions during hospitalization and SF-36 scores were also recorded. Better fracture healing efficacy and higher MAMC, CC, and MNA-SF scores were determined in RG versus CG (P < 0.05). Elevated FMA, BI and BBS scores were observed in both groups after rehabilitation training, with more evident elevations in RG; while the VAS score reduced markedly and was lower in RG compared with CG (P < 0.05). In addition, RG was observed with fewer adverse reactions and higher SF-36 scores (P < 0.05). Mini-nutrition nursing + Baduanjin rehabilitation exercise can effectively accelerate the postoperative rehabilitation of elderly patients with VOHF, improve mobility, and enhance their quality of life.

As one of the most important ways of human–machine interfaces, the touchpad has excellent input convenience. Input devices for extreme environments require simpler structures and diverse inputs to ensure information inputs. This paper proposed a self-powered flexible input panel with single-channel output for the input recognition of all 26 letters, and a paper mask was implemented to cover the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) board and obtain more complicated electrical signal features. Based on the change of the triboelectric output of the mask, neural network models with different combinations of layers were designed and optimized, and the highest recognition rate of 88.7% for all letters and 100% recognition accuracy for some letters were achieved among the five testers. For letters with low recognition rates, a specific writing specification was further proposed to improve the accuracy of model recognition. These results facilitate the application of the proposed input panel as a flexible wearable device and personal protective equipment for extreme environments including chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN) scenarios or aerospace.

In this article, we propose an improved bandwidth matching layer using boron nitride/polydimethy- lsiloxane (BN/PDMS) 0–3 composites to achieve superior electrical insulation and transmission performance for underwater capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) sensor. This innovation addresses the limitations of traditional quarter-wavelength micromechanical ultrasonic transducers (MUTs) in meeting the demanding broadband CMUT matching requirements. To effectively encapsulate CMUT sensor, we use BN/PDMS 0–3 composite material with a volume concentration of 16.9%, which closely matches the acoustic impedance of water. The properties of the 0–3 composites are analyzed using the Reuss model, followed by the preparation of composites with varying concentrations and rigorous testing of their acoustic impedance. The experimental results indicate that despite an 8-dB reduction in signal amplitude in seawater after encapsulation, the original curve trend of the CMUT sensor device remains unchanged. The bandwidth increased from 28.38% to 31.63%, representing an 11.45% increase. The −6 dB beamwidth before and after encapsulation is 5°, while the maximum sidelobe level is recorded as −15.89 dB (3°) and −22.19 dB (3°), respectively. At this volume fraction, BN/PDMS 0–3 composites effectively reduce sidelobe interference, emphasizing their importance. The outstanding matching performance of 0–3 composite materials provides CMUT sensors with a significant advantage in underwater detection systems, ensuring the reliability of ultrasonic imaging.

Penpulimab is a novel programmed death (PD)-1 inhibitor. This study aimed to establish the efficacy and safety of first line penpulimab plus chemotherapy for advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer.

Oil film vortex severely reduces the stability of hydrostatic bearings. A solid-liquid interface with drag and slip properties can weaken the oil film vortex of the bearing. Here, a combined picosecond laser ablation and chemical modification method is proposed to prepare surfaces with microbulge array structure on 6061 aluminum alloy substrates. Because of the low surface energy of the perfluorododecyltriethoxysilane modification and the bulge geometry of the microbulge array structure, the surface shows excellent superhydrophobicity. The optimum contact angle in air for water is 164°, and that for oil is 139°. Two surfaces with “lotus-leaf effect” and “rose-petal effect” were obtained by controlling the processing parameters. The drag reduction properties of superhydrophobic surfaces were systematically investigated with slip lengths of 22.26 and 36.25 µm for deionized water and VG5 lubricant, respectively. In addition, the superhydrophobic surface exhibits excellent mechanical durability and thermal stability. The proposed method provides a new idea for vortex suppression in hydrostatic bearings and improves the stability of bearings in high-speed operation.

Dual-phase amorphous-nanocrystalline Al-x at.% Mo (x = 20, 26, 30) alloy films prepared in the way of dual-phase co-growth directly through magnetron sputtering were studied in terms of thermally induced microstructural evolution and mechanical properties via annealing at 550 °C. It was observed that, the annealed Al-26 and 30 at.% Mo alloy films maintained stable dual-phase amorphous-nanocrysatlline structure and precipitated Al8Mo3nano-grains dispersed in amorphous matrix uniformly. After annealing, the surface roughness of Al-26 and 30 at.% Mo alloy films remained unchanged of 7.5 nm and the hardness and elastic modulus of them were as high as 13 and 210 GPa which enhanced about 50 % and 24 % than before, respectively. In contrast, the Al-20 at.% Mo alloy film crystallized completely and mainly contained intermetallic Al12Mo phase along with apparent grain coarsening after annealing, which resulted in significant increase of surface roughness and deterioration of hardness. The excellent thermal stability of dual-phase amorphous-nanocrystalline Al-26 and 30 at.% Mo alloy films stem from the small driving force for precipitated Al8Mo3nano-grain growth, as well as benefit from effect of diffusion field impingement.

Heart sound auscultation is the most important technique physicians use to examine cardiovascular diseases. Doctors use their clinical experience combined with listening to the patient’s first heart sound (S1), second heart sound (S2), and heart murmurs during auscultation to conduct preliminary screening for cardiovascular diseases. However, doctors with insufficient clinical experience in auscultating heart sounds [phonocardiogram (PCG)] find it challenging to accurately identify the characteristic signals in the aforementioned heart sound signals. The onset of the first heart sound in heart sound signals corresponds to the peak of the R wave in the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, and the onset of the second heart sound corresponds to the T wave. Therefore, by combining the timing relationship between the two, doctors can effectively identify the characteristics of heart sound signals, thus improving the accuracy of screening for cardiovascular diseases. This article presents the design of an auscultation system capable of simultaneously measuring both PCG signals and ECG signals while adhering to medical electrical safety standards and medical electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards. The designed synchronous auscultation system successfully passed rigorous testing for compliance with both medical electrical safety and medical EMC standards. This testing validated the system’s security and stability. The system noise in the ECG channel was less than $30~\mu $ V and the frequency response ranged from 0.05 to 100 Hz, while the signal-to-noise ratio in the system’s heart sound channel was 25.6 dB. Thus, the system’s accuracy was confirmed. The system test of the PCG-ECG synchronous auscultation system demonstrated that the P-QRS-T waveform of the ECG signal was distinctly visible, and the waveforms of the first heart sound (S1) and second heart sound (S2) of the heart sound signal were crisp and intact.

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is currently the primary method for user control of prosthetic manipulation. Its inherent limitations of low signal-to-noise ratio, limited specificity and susceptibility to noise, however, hinder successful implementation. Ultrasound provides a possible alternative, but current systems with medical probes are expense, bulky and non-wearable. This work proposes an innovative prosthetic control strategy based on a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer (PMUT) hardware system. Two PMUT-based probes were developed, comprising a 23×26 PMUT array and encapsulated in Ecoflex material. These compact and wearable probes represent a significant improvement over traditional ultrasound probes as they weigh only 1.8 grams and eliminate the need for ultrasound gel. A preliminary test of the probes was performed in non-disabled subjects performing 12 different hand gestures. The two probes were placed perpendicular to the flexor digitorum superficialis and brachioradialis muscles, respectively, to transmit/receive pulse-echo signals reflecting muscle activities. Hand gesture was correctly predicted 96% of the time with only these two probes. The adoption of the PMUT-based strategy greatly reduced the required number of channels, amount of processing circuit and subsequent analysis. The probes show promise for making prosthesis control more practical and economical.

The main frequency band of the radiated signals from ships is 20–500 Hz and also the main working frequency band of the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) vector hydrophone. To improve sensitivity in this frequency band, this article presents a nested package structure, which encapsulates the sensitive sections of the vector hydrophone with a mesh-like interior support and a sound-transparent cap. By COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 simulation, the particle acceleration and intrinsic frequency of the hydrophone with different interior supports and sound-transparent cap are compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that the hydrophone encapsulated with nylon interior support and latex acoustic cap has higher acceleration, and its intrinsic frequency is 2285.1 Hz in air and 804.64 Hz underwater. The results of the testing indicate that the nested package hydrophone designed in this article has a bandwidth of 10–800 Hz, meeting the main working frequency band of the hydrophone. Additionally, the sensitivity of the hydrophone with latex encapsulation is increased by 7.8 dB at 100 Hz than polyurethane encapsulation. The depth of the notch at 100 and 500 Hz is more than 30 dB, which indicates that the hydrophone has good dipole directivity. Compared with the traditional polyurethane-packaged hydrophone, the nested package structure can effectively improve the performance of the hydrophone.

The miniaturization of low-frequency marine underwater acoustic detection systems presents new requirements for 3-D vector hydrophones. Inspired by fish lateral lines, we have introduced a biomimetic 3-D vector hydrophone. It features a microstructure with a monolithically integrated four-beam central block and cilium, capable of detecting underwater acoustic signals from three dimensions. Simulations were conducted to determine the natural frequencies and stress of the hydrophone, helping establish the structural parameters. The arrangement of piezoresistors on the four beams was meticulously designed to minimize interaxis coupling. The hydrophone chip was fabricated using the MEMS technology, followed by comprehensive testing. The hydrophone effectively operates within a detection frequency band of 20–500 Hz. The sensitivities for the three axes are −189 dB at 500 Hz, −189.6 dB at 500 Hz, and −200.9 dB at 500 Hz (0 dB = 1 V/ $\mu $ Pa), respectively. The concave point depths are 30.4, 29.8, and 26.9 dB, with the voltage density of self-noise at −106 dB at 500 Hz. These results indicate that the biomimetic 3-D vector hydrophone holds promising prospects for low-frequency underwater acoustic detection applications.

The temperature rises of oil film in hydrostatic bearings at high-speed lead to a reduction in load capacity, accuracy and stability. In this paper, a superhydrophobic/oleophobic surface with micro-bulges structure is proposed. The surface is prepared by laser cross-scanning and chemical modification. The contact angle (CA) of surface is 138° and the boundary condition of surface modificated from non-slip to slip condition. The relationship between the slip length and the height of the micro-bulges structure is established by rheological experiments. By the simple partial simulations, validity of the temperature rise reduction on the superhydrophobic/oleophobic surface is verified. Then a bearing test rig was set up to measure temperature and load capacity of bearings at multiple points, the performance of smooth primary surface/structured oleophobic surface thrust bearings was compared. Results show that the structured bearing has lower oil film temperature and higher load capacity than the smooth bearing. The prepared oleophobic surface can effectively suppress the temperature rise at high speed conditions, and significantly increase the bearing load capacity.

Metal surfaces play a crucial role in numerous applications, from self-cleaning and anti-icing to anti-fogging and oil-water separation. The regulation of their wettability is essential to enhance their performance in these areas. This paper proposes a multi-state regulation method for metal surface wettability, leveraging nanosecond laser ablation. By creating non-uniform microstructures on a metal surface, the contact area between the solid and liquid phases can be increased, resulting in the attainment of superhydrophilic properties (contact angle (CA), ranging from 4.6° to 8.5°). Conversely, the construction of uniform microstructures leads to a decreased solid-liquid contact area, thereby rendering the metal surface hydrophilic (CA = 12.2°–53°). Furthermore, through heat treatment on a surface with uniform microstructures, organic matter adsorption can be promoted while simultaneously reducing surface energy. This process results in the metal surface acquiring hydrophobic properties (CA = 92.1°–133.5°), facilitated by the “air cushion effect.” Building on the hydrophobic surface, stearic acid modification can further reduce surface energy, ultimately bestowing the metal surface with superhydrophobic properties (CA = 150.1°–152.7°, and sliding angle = 3.8°). Performance testing has validated the durability and self-cleaning effectiveness of the fabricated superhydrophobic surface while also highlighting the excellent anti-fog performance of the superhydrophilic surface. These findings strongly indicate the immense potential of these surfaces in various engineering applications.

The exploration of the ocean depends heavily on effective underwater communication. There is a significant promise in this study and development of high-performance sensors tailored specifically for underwater communications. This work presents a high-performance sensor utilizing a scandium-doped aluminum nitride (Sc20%Al1%–20%N) piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) array, specifically designed for underwater communications applications. The PMUTs array, which consists of ${7} \times $ sensing cells with a feature size of $500~\mu $ m, is being developed on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) piezoelectric platform. The PMUTs array is bonded with a preamplification circuit, and packaged together with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer to provide good acoustic impedance matching to water. The packaged PMUTs array is fully characterized using an industry-standard calibration instrument. The experimental results show that the PMUTs array exhibits electromechanical coupling factors of 2.24% in air and 3.56% in water, respectively. The PMUTs array is omnidirectional after packaging with a minimum deviation of ±0.5 dB at 1 kHz. The reported PMUTs array achieves a receiving sensitivity of −172 dB (re: 1 V/ $\mu $ Pa) with a 40-dB gain. Notably, the acceleration sensitivity is approximately 21 dB lower than the acoustic pressure sensitivity. It achieves lower bit error rates (BERs) compared to commercial transducers, thereby enhancing overall communication reliability and performance. The measured results show that the design of the PMUTs array for underwater communications sensor application compares favorably with advanced commercially available transducers and a good prospect in commercial application.

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) with superior mechanical properties are widely used in aerospace, automotive, and medical fields. The characteristics of CFRP with anisotropy and inhomogeneous result in poor machining performances by conventional drilling techniques. Laser drilling is a non-contact high precision machining technique without tool wear but leads to a large heat-affected zone (HAZ) and taper. Although underwater laser drilling could reduce thermal damage on CFRP surface, bubbles produced in the machining process severely affect the machining stability and surface quality. In this study, a micro fluid-assisted laser-induced plasma drilling (MFA-LIPMD) method was proposed to relieve the negative effect of bubbles as well as reduce the taper and HAZ. A comprehensive analysis of hole surface quality, HAZ, taper, and mechanical properties was conducted, and MFA-LIPMD performed more advantages over laser in the air (LIA) and laser-induced plasma drilling (LIPMD). It was found that the taper of micro-holes was reduced by 42.8%–51.78%, and the thermal damage rate of micro holes processed by the MFA-LIPMD process was reduced by 65.3%–68.1% compared with the LIPMD process, and the maximum tensile load of samples was increased by about 7.68%. Therefore, MFA-LIPMD has great potential for machining high-quality micro holes of CFRP plates.

This study aimed to differentiate temporal‐plus epilepsy (TPE) from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) using extraction of radiomics features from three‐dimensional magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (3D‐MPRAGE) imaging data. Data from patients with TLE or TPE who underwent epilepsy surgery between January 2019 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty‐three regions of interest in the affected hemisphere of each patient were defined on 3D‐MPRAGE images. A total of 3531 image features were extracted from each patient. Four feature selection methods and 10 machine learning algorithms were used to build 40 differentiation models. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Eighty‐two patients were included for analysis, 47 with TLE and 35 with TPE. The model combining logistic regression and the relief selection method had the best performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, .779; accuracy, .875; sensitivity, .800; specificity, .929; positive predictive value, .889; negative predictive value, .867). Radiomics analysis can differentiate TPE from TLE. The logistic regression classifier trained with radiomics features extracted from 3D‐MPRAGE images had the highest accuracy and best performance.

Laser-induced filamentous modification (LIFM) has been extensively studied in transparent materials and is widely used for cutting and drilling with a high aspect ratio. However, the discussion focuses on the domain of ultra-short pulses recently, such as picosecond and femtosecond pulses. In this work, a LIFM by a short pulse in silicate glasses is demonstrated, and the physical mechanism is investigated. In the soda-lime glass, a filamentous modification with a length of >650 μm was introduced by a nanosecond pulse with an energy of 0.86 mJ. The average length of LIFM is positively correlated with the pulse energy but is not affected by the focus depth significantly. Furthermore, LIFM is also observed in borosilicate glass and K9 glass, but not in fused silica glass. Theoretical analysis shows that the contribution of the self-focusing and optical error to LIMB could be ignored in soda-lime glass. An improved Laser-induced moving breakdown (LIMB) model is proposed to describe LIFM by a nanosecond pulse, and the thermal explosion (TE) model is used to explain the micro-structures. High-density defects dominate the LIMB of nanosecond pulses in silicate glasses, which provide seed electrons for laser-induced ionization and induce a thermal explosion through enhanced absorption. The estimation result of the TE model shows that the final temperature of thermal plasma exceeds 1 × 105 K, resulting in micro-explosion and forming micro-voids and micro-crack clusters. Based on the principle of LIFM, stealth cutting was implemented by a high-frequency nanosecond laser in soda-lime glass with a thickness of 2 mm, and the cutting speed reaches 3000 mm/s.

In recent years, the graphyne family (GyF), an emerging carbon allotrope, has received increasing attention because of its unique structural and electronic properties. As one member of the GyF, graphyne nanotubes (GyNTs) are considered promising material candidates for various applications. However, the development of GyNTs is still in its early stages, with most studies focusing on zigzag or armchair nanotubes. In this work, a series of GyF-based nanotubes, including graphdiyne nanotubes (GDyNTs) such as γ-GDyNTs and β-GDyNTs, along with δ-GyNTs, β4-GyNTs, T4,4,4-GyNTs, 4,12,2-GyNTs, 4,12,4-GyNTs, and cp-GyNTs, were constructed with (n, 0), (n, n), and chiral (n, m) edges. Density functional tight binding calculations revealed that all γ-GDyNTs, β-GDyNTs, and δ-GyNTs acted as semiconductors with variable dependence on chirality. In contrast, all β4-GyNTs, T4,4,4-GyNTs, 4,12,2-GyNTs, 4,12,4-GyNTs, and cp-GyNTs acted as semimetals with minimal band gaps. This study provides a new approach for producing Gy-/GDy-based conductive devices.

Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is the standard of care for early breast cancer patients, while the high ratio of reoperation is still a challenge due to inaccurate margin assessments. In patients with locally advanced or advanced breast cancer, radiotherapy is an important treatment for local control or improvement of quality of life. However, enhancing sensitization to radiotherapy is an unmet medical need. To solve the above clinical predicaments, a glutathione (GSH) exhausting virus-like silicon dioxide nanoprobe with Gd coating and folic acid (FA) modification is designed. After loading ICG in the mesopores, the VGd@ICG-FA probe efficiently targets tumor cells with high resolution, due to its virus-like morphology and folate acid anchoring. Especially, the fabricated nanoprobe enables the identification of tiny cancers and navigates precise surgery under NIR-II fluorescence imaging. Moreover, after the nanoprobes enter into the cytoplasm of cancer cells, tetrasulfide linkages in the silica framework are broken under the triggering of high GSH concentrations. In turn, the broken framework exhausts GSH to disrupt intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, and Gd produces more ROS under radiotherapy, further activating ferroptosis, and resulting in the enhancement of radiotherapy in breast cancer. Therefore, our nanoprobe exhibits tremendous potential as a NIR-II fluorescence imaging agent with no systematic side effects for precise cancer surgery and nanotherapeutics for boosting radiation sensitivity in future clinical translation of breast cancer.

• It provides a novel idea to design an MEA with the "fcc+L1 2 " structure ((CoFeNi) 80 Ti 5 V 15). • MEA is cold rolled followed by aging (SCA) to keep high strength (YS/UTS ∼1395/1565 MPa). • SCA alloy consists of non-recrystallization (L1 2) and recrystallization region (η). • High-density SFs are commonly observed in the present unformed SCA alloy. • High strength of SCA alloy mainly stems from L1 2 , η precipitate, and high-density SFs. This study provides a good design idea to obtain a novel (CoFeNi) 80 Ti 5 V 15 medium entropy alloy with a "face center cubic (fcc) + L1 2 " structure by substituting equiatomic CoFeNi for Co in the Co 80 Ti 5 V 15 superalloy and using the conventional thermomechanical processing method (solution+cold rolling+recrystallization annealing+aging, SCRA). In order to obtain superior strength, the recrystallization annealing procedure is removed (SCA), thus resulting in the formation of heterogeneous structures consisting of the recrystallization region and non-recrystallization region. In the recrystallization region, the grain consists of fcc matrix and η lamellar phase. In the non-recrystallization region, the high-density nanoscale L1 2 precipitates are uniformly distributed. The SCA (CoFeNi) 80 Ti 5 V 15 alloy exhibits a rather high yield strength of ∼1395 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of ∼1565 MPa together with acceptable tensile elongation of ∼9%. The high strength of SCA alloy originates from the L1 2 nano-precipitates, η lamellar precipitates, high-density SFs, heterogeneous structure, dislocation, and grain refinement strengthening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoacoustic sensor has become a research hotspot in the field of acoustic sensing in recent years due to its high sensitivity and anti-electromagnetic interference. A novel high- ${Q}$ grooved silica waveguide acoustic sensor (GSWAS) is proposed, which is etched and filled the Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) above the waveguide coupling region. The ${Q}$ factor of the sensor is of $1.82\times 10^{{6}}$ . In order to detect the sound signal easily and intuitively, an acoustic sensing system was built by using Pound–Drever–Hall (PDH) frequency locking technology, and the weak sound signal was demodulated by using the method of synchronous demodulation of high frequency modulation. Experimental results show that the designed sensor has a flat response in the frequency range of 0.4–15 kHz and can accurately detect the acoustic signal, with a high sensitivity of 1143 mV/Pa and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of up to 45.19 dB under the action of acoustic signal of 8 kHz. This article explores a new method of frequency bandwidth and high sensitivity sound detection, laying a foundation in the field of acoustic signal detection such as aeroacoustics, photoacoustic imaging, and all that.

Vector hydrophone is the core equipment of underwater acoustic detection. Aiming at the problem of low sensitivity and short detection distance of existing vector hydrophone. In this article, a hollow mushroom-like cilia-sensitive structure is designed to optimize the hydrophone-sensitive unit. The optimal size of the hollow mushroom-like cilia MEMS vector hydrophone (MCVH) microstructure was determined by COMSOL5.6 simulation. The hollow structure is adopted, which not only ensures the working bandwidth of the hydrophone is 20–1000 Hz, but also improves the sensitivity of the hydrophone by increasing the receiving area of the sound wave. The test results show that the hollow structure has obvious “8” directivity, and the pit depth of the “8” directivity is larger than 40 dB at 315 Hz. Meantime, the sensitivity of MCVH can reach −180.9 dB at 1000 Hz. Compared with ciliary MEMS vector hydrophone (CVH), the sensitivity is improved by 16.8 dB.

Nanostructured surfaces with dimensions on a scale of a few millimeters exhibit remarkable hydrophobicity. The geometry of these nanostructures considerably affects their wettability. However, determining the optimal geometry is challenging due to the abundance of geometry parameters and the difficulty in numerically describing their effects on wettability at the mesoscopic scale. In addition, the fabrication of nanostructured surfaces with precise geometries is challenging. We establish a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) model to address these challenges. We use the model to gain mesoscopic insights into the interaction between droplets and nanostructures. Our model can accurately reproduce contact angles (CAs) on various nanostructured surfaces and enables investigation of the effects of nanostructure geometry on wettability. We optimize the geometry of the nanostructures using the insights provided by the LBM model on the wettability mechanisms. Our analysis indicates that cones with dimensions of 40 µm in width and 33 µm in height exhibit the highest hydrophobicity. We successfully fabricate a superhydrophobic surface with the desired geometry via laser scanning, achieving a CA of 163°. We believe that this approach, which combines the LBM model and laser manufacturing, will enable a better understanding of the wettability mechanism and provide a high-performance approach for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces.

The complex and variable ocean environment introduces complex noise to the signal received by microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) vector hydrophones, which seriously affects the target location. To improve the detection efficiency and broaden the application range of vector hydrophones, this article proposed a novel modified wavelet packet (WP) de-noising method, known as the WP energy (WPE) de-noising method. This method utilizes Shannon entropy to determine the optimal decomposition levels of WPs and calculates the energy of reconstructed signals in each frequency band to construct feature vectors. The WP with the larger energy is selected to reconstruct the signal until the root mean square error (RMSE) of the original signal and the reconstructed signal is minimized, thereby obtaining an optimal solution. The performance of this proposed method is evaluated through both indoor and outdoor experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed method is effective in the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of single-frequency signals and is feasible in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) situations. The method improves the azimuth discrimination ability of the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) algorithm, and DOA estimation errors are all within 1°. Furthermore, the indoor and outdoor experiments also demonstrate that the WPE de-noising method solves the group delay and distortion of signals caused by conventional filtering.

Weld seam positioning has been of great importance in enhancing welding automation levels. In this article, a multilayer positioning strategy was proposed for automatic weld seam positioning based on the point cloud model of the tubesheet. The method consists of coarse positioning and fine positioning. In the process of coarse positioning, a feature-based maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) was proposed, whose solution was obtained by the proposed likelihood calculation method between the point cloud model and the tubesheet image. Considering that several different coordinate systems—robot coordinate system (RCS), tubesheet coordinate system (TCS), and point cloud coordinate system (PCS)—exist in the tubesheet welding process, through the coordinates of multiple sets of MLE, the conversion relationships of these coordinate systems were obtained, so as to complete the coarse positioning process. In the process of fine positioning, the image of the weld seam was processed to solve the problem of low positioning accuracy in the coarse positioning process. Experiments showed that the positioning accuracy of the proposed multilayer positioning strategy can meet the welding requirements. Compared with the existing methods, the method in this article has a higher level of welding automation.

In this work, capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) were developed into comb-like shapes to make these comb-like shaped structures work for sensing in-plane vibrations of ultrasonic guided waves. On this basis, an analytical small-signal model, which is mainly a combination of the forced vibration theory and the simplified parallel-plate capacitor model, was proposed to satisfy the requirements of theoretical design. Through the proposed model, the in-plane-sensing behaviors of a comb-like CMUT cell can be predicted, including vibrating velocity, output current, and sensitivity. Compared with the results calculated from the finite element method (FEM) simulation, it was found that the static state and the frequency-domain results of the analytical small-signal model agree well with those of FEM simulations if the used first natural frequencies of these two methods are identical. Considering the fringing field capacitance could further improve the accuracy of the analytical small-signal model. At last, influences of some external parameters, i.e., dc bias voltage, air damping, and input in-plane displacement, on the sensitivity of a comb-like CMUT cell were discussed by the analytical small-signal model and FEM simulation. Relevant results reveal the way to design a comb-like CMUT and indicate the conditions when the analytical small-signal model is accurate. Our work develops the theory on the in-plane-sensing comb-like CMUT and is expected to be combined with the theory on the previous out-of-plane-sensing CMUT to realize 3-D-CMUT for sensing 3-D guided waves.

The vigorous development of information and communications technology has accelerated reshaping of the financial industry. The COVID-19 pandemic has further catalyzed the demand for digital financial services. Digital financial inclusion relies on information technology to overcome spatial limitations. In this case, the research question is whether it adheres to the spatial laws governing conventional financial activities. This study uses exploratory spatial data analysis and a geographical detector to elucidate the spatiotemporal characteristics and factors influencing digital financial inclusion at the county level in China (Data don’t include that of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan of China) from 2014 to 2020. The research findings indicate: first, China’s county-level digital financial inclusion is generally increasing and exhibits significant spatial autocorrelation. Second, population density, level of traditional financial development, government regulation, and education level are key determinants of China’s county-level digital financial inclusion. Third, policies should be differentiated by region to narrow the spatial gap in digital financial inclusion. The results provide a reference for other developing countries on using digital technology to develop financial inclusion.

Intraoperative surgical margin assessment remains a challenge during breast-conserving surgery. Here, we report a combined strategy of immuno–positron emission tomography (PET) for preoperative detection of breast cancer and guided assessment of margins in breast-conserving surgery through second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging of trophoblastic cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2). We demonstrated that the intensity of PET signals in the tumors was nearly five times higher than in normal breast tissue with a zirconium-89 tracer conjugated to sacituzumab govitecan (SG) in a mouse spontaneous breast cancer model, enabling the identification of tumors. We further generated a NIR-II probe of indocyanine green conjugated to SG (ICG-SG) and developed a rapid incubation imaging method for intraoperative margin assessment in a relevant time window for the operation workflow. The ICG-SG NIR-II fluorescence image guidance was first verified to remove tumors completely and accurately in mouse breast cancer models. Moreover, the rapid incubation imaging method was applied to distinguish benign and malignant breast lesions in samples from 26 patients with breast cancer. Therefore, we have developed both nuclide and optical probes targeting TROP2 for rapid and precise identification of tumor margins during breast-conserving surgery in humans.

Compared with the traditional keyboard and mouse input method, touch screen technique has high convenience for users. With the development of technology, touch screen is widely application in various electronic products because of their high transmittance, clear images, and convenient operation. This review mainly introduces the optical clear adhesive (OCA), liquid optical clear adhesive (LOCA), and the most commonly used LOCA ultra violet (UV)‐curable adhesives. Preparation and performance of UV‐curable adhesives are deeply explored. The structure of touch screen, such as one glass solution (OGS), on‐cell and in‐cell is discussed. Moreover, lamination process includes full lamination and non‐full lamination is also discussed. This review introduces the alignment technique comprise mechanical alignment technique and non‐mechanical alignment technique (such as machine vision) and laminating equipment. The recent development and existing problems with the touch screen lamination process are discussed. Furthermore, this review describes the latest developments in the adhesive of touch screen lamination process and predicts possible future development trends, which could provide references for subsequent research work. This review mainly introduces optical clear adhesive (OCA), liquid optical clear adhesive (LOCA), and ultraviolet (UV)‐curable adhesives and further explores the preparation and properties of these adhesives. The structure of touch screen, lamination process, alignment technique, recent development, and existing problems with the touch screen lamination process is discussed. Furthermore, the development trends of touch screen lamination process are predicted.

Immune responses that result in asthma exacerbation are associated with allergen or viral exposure. Identification of common immune factors will be beneficial for the development of uniformed targeted therapy. We employed a House Dust Mite (HDM) mouse model of asthma and challenged allergic HDM mice with allergens (HDM, cockroach extract (CRE)) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Purified lung immune cells underwent high-dimensional single-cell RNA deep sequencing (scRNA-seq) to generate an RNA transcriptome. Gene silencing with siRNA was employed to confirm the efficacy of scRNA-seq analysis. scRNA-seq UMAP analysis portrayed an array of cell markers within individual immune clusters. SCENIC R analysis showed an increase in regulon number and activity in CD11b-DC cells. Analysis of conserved regulon factors further identified Creb5 as a shared regulon between the exacerbation groups. Creb5 siRNAs attenuated HDM, CRE or RSV-induced asthma exacerbation. scRNA-seq multidimensional analysis of immune clusters identified gene pathways that were conserved between the exacerbation groups. We propose that these analyses provide a strong framework that could be used to identify specific therapeutic targets in multifaceted pathologies.

Befotertinib (D-0316) is a novel, third-generation EGFRtyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). This study evaluated befotertinib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC who developed an EGFRT790M mutation after progression on first- or second-generation EGFRTKI therapy.

The mechanism of ultraviolet (UV) nanosecond laser cutting of thermoplastic films and the influence of process parameters on process quality are systematically discussed. The photothermal effect plays a dominant role in the interaction between the UV-nanosecond laser and thermoplastic materials. In this photothermal reaction, a heat source with the focal point as the core is formed, around which a thermal carbonization layer, a thermal melting layer, and a thermal expansion layer are formed in order from the inside to the outside. Among them, the thermal carbonization layer is not prevalent, and the thermal melting layer and thermal expansion layer are prevalent. The process quality can be adjusted by adjusting the cutting speed, the laser power, and the repetition number of cuts to regulate the process of heat generation and heat dissipation. In the effective range, the faster the cutting speed and the lower the laser power, the smaller the kerf width and heat-affected zone (HAZ) width. Within a certain range, the depth of kerf can be increased by increasing the repetition number of cuts.

High-temperature mechanical properties of medium-entropy carbide ceramics have attracted significant attention. Tailoring the microstructure is an effective way to improve these high-temperature mechanical properties, which can be affected by the evolution of the enthalpy and entropy, as well as by lattice distortion and sluggish diffusion. In this study, the effects of equiatomic Zr/(Ti,Nb) substitution (Zr content of 10–40 at%) on the microstructure and high-temperature strength of (Ti,Zr,Nb)C medium-entropy ceramics were investigated. The grain size of the (Ti,Zr,Nb)C medium-entropy ceramics was refined from 9.4±3.7 to 1.1±0.4 μm with an increase in the Zr content from 10.0 to 33.3 at%. A further increase in the Zr content to 40 at% resulted in a slight increase in the grain size. At 1900 °C, the (Ti,Zr,Nb)C medium-entropy ceramics with the Zr contents of 33.3 and 40 at% exhibited ultra-high flexural strengths of 875±43 and 843±71 MPa, respectively, which were higher than those of the transition metal carbides previously reported under similar conditions. Furthermore, relatively smooth grain boundaries, which were detected at a test temperature of 1000 °C, transformed into curved and serrated boundaries as the temperature increased to 1900 °C, which may be considered the primary reason for the improved high-temperature flexural strength. The associated mechanism was analyzed and discussed in detail.

High-entropy oxides (HEOs) are a new class of emerging materials with fascinating properties (such as structural stability, tensile strength, and corrosion resistance). High-entropy oxide coated Ni-rich cathode materials have great potential to improve the electrochemical performance. Here, we present a facile self-ball milling method to obtain (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)2Zr2O7(HEO) coated LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811). The HEO coating endows NCM811 with a stable surface, reduces the contact with the external environment (air and electrolyte), and inhibits side reactions between cathode and electrolyte. These favorable effects, especially when the coating amount is 5 wt%, result in a significant reduction of the battery polarization and an increase in the capacity retention from 57.3% (NCM811) to 74.2% (5HEO-NCM811) after 300 cycles at 1 C (1 C = 200 mA·h·g−1). Moreover, the morphology and spectroscopy analysis after the cycles confirmed the inhibitory effect of the HEO coating on electrolyte decomposition, which is important for the cycle life. Surprisingly, HEO coating reduces the viscosity of slurry by 37%–38% and significantly improves the flowability of the slurry with high solid content. This strategy confirms the feasibility of HEO-modified Ni-rich cathode materials and provides a new idea for the design of high-performance cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.

Aumolertinib (formerly almonertinib; HS-10296) is a novel third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with revealed activity against EGFR-sensitizing mutations and EGFRT790M mutation.

ABSTRACTRecently, various studies have suggested that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are ubiquitous in various malignant events, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are closely related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. Unfortunately, the molecular functions involved in this action still have little overlap. Therefore, this study aimed to identify a novel circCAMSAP1 role in NSCLC. Overexpression of circCAMSAP1 has been demonstrated in NSCLC lung tissues and cell lines. Sequencing and RNase R experiments were planned to determine whether circCAMSAP1 is looped and exists in NSCLC. We also found that downregulated circCAMSAP1 repressed cell proliferation and increased apoptosis of NSCLC cells in vitroand suppressed xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, a luciferase assay revealed that circCAMSAP1 could regulate baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) repeat containing 5 (BIRC5, also known as survivin) expression by directly binding to miR-1182. However, BIRC5 without 3ʹ untranslated regions (3ʹUTR) could reverse the influence of downregulated circCAMSAP1 on proliferation and apoptosis in NSCLC. Together, our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which the circCAMSAP1/miR-1182/BIRC5 axis promotes NSCLC progression.

Machining performance of thin-walled components made by aeronautical difficult-to-process materials is a significant issue in the aviation manufacturing industry. Although wire electric discharge machining-low speed (WEDM-LS) is one of typical non-contact machining processes without macro cutting force, which does well in removing hardness and brittleness materials via pulsed discharge at high temperature, but few researchers have studied the thermal distortion behavior leading to a considerable geometric error in the WEDM-LS of thin-walled components. In this paper, a transverse magnetic field assisted method is applied for affecting the uniformity of discharge point distribution so as to reduce the distortion in WEDM-LS processing thin-wall component. First, the generation mechanism of this new distortion behavior and the impact mechanism of transverse magnetic field (TMF) on distortion are demonstrated by theoretical analysis. In order to further figure out the distortion behavior in the TMF-WEDM process, a new thermo-physical model considering the discharge point distribution is established to simulate temperature field, residual stress field and distortion profiles. Then a large number of Taguchi experiments are carried out to investigate the influences of process parameters including pulse discharge energy (pulse on time, pulse off time, and current) and magnetic field strength on distortion in WEDM-LS. To comparatively analyze simulated and experimental results, the accuracy of established thermo-physical model is verified within a relative error of 18.38 % in distortion. Moreover, it can be revealed that transverse magnetic field contribute to significantly improve the longitudinal distribution uniformity with maximum increase of 12.32% at magnetic field strength: 0.15 T, leading to significant reductions of 32.77% in distortion and 22.68% in recast layer. Eventually, we also presented the variation of residual stress and recast layer along thickness direction under different distortion behavior, which are in good agreement with that of distortion behavior.

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Electric discharge machining (EDM) can be used to cut complex parts and hard materials, making it one of the most popular machining processes today. However, the energy efficiency of EDM is low compared with conventional methods such as turning, milling and grinding. In addition, the gas and noise emissions of the EDM process affect the environment and the health of operators. This paper reviews the research trends in the latest sustainable techniques in EDM. First, a detailed review of existing EDM techniques for enhancing energy efficiency conducted. The review considers three aspects: energy distribution, the relationship between process parameters and specific discharge energy, and the effects of external field assistance. Second, the dry-EDM process-a clean manufacturing technique is introduced and its environmental impact is discussed. The machining performance indicators of dry-EDM, such as the material removal rate, tool wear ratio, surface topography, and microstructures, are compared with those of conventional EDM. Next, the indicators of gas and noise emissions in EDM are proposed to evaluate the sustainable manufacturing process. The relationship between the process parameters and emission indicators is reviewed, and multi-optimization considering machining noise is discussed. Finally, the impact of sustainable techniques in EDM on the environment, society, and economy are discussed, as well as the application costs of these techniques. Some directions for future research are also proposed.

ABSTRACTStudies have found that lncRNA SENCR (lncSENCR) is closely related to the progress of human cancer. This study aimed to investigate the biological and clinical roles of lncSENCR in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of lncSENCR and miR-1-3p in NSCLC. CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay and EDU staining were used to detect the effects of lncSENCR and miR-1-3p on the proliferation, invasion and migration of NSCLC cells. Target gene prediction and screening, luciferase reporter assay were used to validate downstream target genes of lncSENCR and miR-1-3p. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of CDK4 and CDK6. The tumor changes in mice were detected by in vivoexperiments in nude mice. The expression levels of lncSENCR were increased in NSCLC, while the expression levels of miR-1-3p were reduced. Knockdown of lncSENCR inhibited the growth and metastasis of NSCLC. LncSENCR was found to regulate tumor growth through miR-1-3p. Knockdown of miR-1-3p reversed the inhibitory effect of sh-SENCR on the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, lncSENCR regulated the expression of CDK4 and CDK6 by acting as a cavern of miR-1-3p in NSCLC. LncSENCR promotes cell proliferation and progression of NSCLC by regulating the expression of miR-1-3p, and CDK4 and CDK6 may be involved in the underlying mechanism of lncSENCR in NSCLC.AbbreviationNSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer.

Nanomaterials (NMs) have found extensive applications in the realm of ornamental plants due to their unique properties. This article comprehensively discusses four main aspects of NM utilization in ornamental plants: 1) providing new insights into challenging problems in tissue culture, 2) exploring their regulatory effects on the growth of ornamental plants, 3) enhancing the resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, and 4) discussing their widespread application and mechanisms in cut flower harvesting. Furthermore, potential issues and future directions are explored, providing a deeper theoretical basis for the application of novel NMs in the realm of ornamental plants.

High-entropy ceramics (HECs) are solid solutions of inorganic compounds with one or more Wyckoff sites shared by equal or near-equal atomic ratios of multi-principal elements. Although in the infant stage, the emerging of this new family of materials has brought new opportunities for material design and property tailoring. Distinct from metals, the diversity in crystal structure and electronic structure of ceramics provides huge space for properties tuning through band structure engineering and phonon engineering. Aside from strengthening, hardening, and low thermal conductivity that have already been found in high-entropy alloys, new properties like colossal dielectric constant, super ionic conductivity, severe anisotropic thermal expansion coefficient, strong electromagnetic wave absorption, etc., have been discovered in HECs. As a response to the rapid development in this nascent field, this article gives a comprehensive review on the structure features, theoretical methods for stability and property prediction, processing routes, novel properties, and prospective applications of HECs. The challenges on processing, characterization, and property predictions are also emphasized. Finally, future directions for new material exploration, novel processing, fundamental understanding, in-depth characterization, and database assessments are given.

•A comprehensive review is proposed from the perspective of magnetic field assisted electrical discharge machining.•The principle and modeling of magnetic field assisted different kinds of MF-EDM are presented.•Effects of magnetic field on machining performance including discharge status, MRR, EWR, and surface integrity are analyzed.•Parametric optimization and machining characteristics of typical difficult-to-cut materials in the MF-EDM process are investigated.

A comprehensive genomic analysis of paired primary tumors and their metastatic lesions may provide new insights into the biology of metastatic processes and therefore guide the development of novel strategies for intervention. To date, our knowledge of the genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships among diverse metastatic lesions from cancer remains limited.

This paper explores the factors affecting newly increased construction land (NCL) in China at different development stages based on supply figures for the land market in 2010–2015. The results reveal that with the progress of regional development, NCL gradually increases, whereas the dependence of regional development on NCL decreases. Moreover, the structure of NCL at different development stages differs significantly. Nonagricultural industry development, land resource scarcity, population growth, economic extroversion, and domestic capital have different effects on NCL at different stages of development. These differences are closely related to the socioeconomic characteristics of each development stage. These findings may enrich the study of urban expansion in China's economic transition. This paper suggests that the government should be aware of regional differences in NCL regulation.

Hetero-element doped lithium orthosilicates have been considered as advanced tritium breeders due to the superior performances. In this work, Li4Si1−xTixO4ceramics were prepared by proprietary hydrothermal process and multistage reactive sintering. The reaction mechanism of Li4Si1−xTixO4was put forward. XRD and SEM analyses indicate that insertion of Ti leads to lattice expansion, which promotes the grain growth and changes the fracture mode. The compressive tests show that the crush load increases almost four times by increasing xfrom 0 to 0.2. However, the thermal conductivity and ionic conductivity are the best when x= 0.05 and x= 0.1, respectively. Thermal cycling stability of Li4Si1−xTixO4pebbles was further appraised through investigating the changes of microstructure and crush load. After undergoing thermal cycling, the Li4Si1−xTixO4still show higher crush load compared with Li4SiO4, despite Ti segregation in some samples. The x= 0.05 sample exhibits excellent thermal cycling stability. In summary, proper amount of Ti doping can improve the crush load, thermal and ionic conductivity, and thermal cycling stability of Li4SiO4.