Search

Tertiary alcohols with adjacent nucleophilic labile groups are prevalent in bioactive molecules but are challenging to synthesize. Herein we introduce a direct, protecting group-free method to access α-tertiary hydroxy oximes via photochemical 1,3-boronate rearrangement. This reaction delivers high yields (up to 94%) using readily available boronic acids, is scalable to gram quantities, and allows for further derivatization to other nitrogen-containing molecules.

In this article, we study the collocated and distributed deployment of intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) for a fixed total number of IRS elements to support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services inside a factory. We build a channel model that incorporates the line-of-sight (LoS) probability and power loss of each transmission path, and propose three metrics, namely, the expected received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), expected finite-blocklength (FB) capacity, and expected outage probability, where the expectation is taken over the probability distributions of interior blockages and channel fading. The expected received SNR and expected FB capacity for extremely high blockage densities are derived in closed-form as functions of the amount and height of IRSs and the density, size, and penetration loss of blockages, which are verified by Monte Carlo simulations. Results show that deploying IRSs vertically higher leads to higher expected received SNR and expected FB capacity. By analysing the average/minimum/maximum of the three metrics versus the number of IRSs, we find that for high blockage densities, both eMBB and URLLC services benefit from distributed deployment; and for low blockage densities, URLLC services benefit from distributed deployment while eMBB services see limited difference between collocated and distributed deployment.

With the strict control of sulfur content in fuels, oxidative desulfurization (ODS), a promising desulphurization technology, needs to be continuously developed. In this study, we integrated multiple approaches (fabricating a porous structure, increasing phosphomolybdic acid (PMo) loading, improving amphiphilicity, and enhancing the intrinsic activity of PMo using a reductive framework) into PAF-54 carriers to improve ODS catalytic ability. The catalytic performance suggested that PAF-54 was not simply used as a carrier for PMo by physical integration. During the binding process, electron transfer between PAF-54 and PMo formed Mo5+with superior catalytic activity. Owing to the presence of PAF-54, the catalytic activity of PMo as the active component qualitatively improved to achieve rapid and efficient desulfurization. More importantly, we found that other nitrogen-rich porous organic polymers can also reduce some of Mo6+in PMo during loading, and its formation mechanism was investigated. This work provides a feasible strategy for designing highly efficient DOS catalysts.

A fixed-wing aircraft can be in the final phase of a potential collision with a noncooperative dynamic obstacle (e.g., a drone) because of the limited sensing range. In the final phase of a potential collision, the performance of the existing obstacle avoidance approaches that do not take into account the bounded and nonisotropic maneuver capability and dynamic and aerodynamic characteristics of a fixed-wing aircraft is limited. To enhance the performance of fixed-wing aircraft in the final phase of a potential collision, this study develops a hierarchical reinforcement learning (RL)-based obstacle avoidance strategy. The RL-based obstacle avoidance strategy learns a high-level RL-based navigator that provides a velocity vector to avoid an obstacle and maintain the altitude, course, and airspeed of an aircraft as possible. The high-level RL-based navigator is combined with a low-level controller to guide and control the aircraft to avoid obstacles. To evaluate the RL-based obstacle avoidance strategy, the strategy is compared with a 3-D velocity obstacle (3DVO)-based obstacle avoidance strategy based on addressing dynamic obstacle avoidance problems of fixed-wing aircraft in a flight simulator. Experimental results show that for an aircraft with a sensing range of 1000 m, the RL-based obstacle avoidance strategy can achieve a success ratio of 92% in obstacle avoidance, whereas the 3DVO-based obstacle avoidance strategy can only achieve a success ratio of 60%.

Ecosystem services (ESs) refer to the continuous provisioning of ecosystem goods and services that benefit human beings. Over recent decades, rapid urbanization has exerted significant pressure on coastal ecosystems, resulting in biodiversity and habitat loss, environmental pollution, and the depletion of natural resources. In response to these environmental challenges, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were proposed. Given the pressing need to address these issues, understanding the changes in ESs under the SDGs is crucial for formulating specific ecological strategies. In this study, we first analyzed land use and cover change in the Zhejiang coasts of China during 2000–2020. Then, we investigated the spatiotemporal configuration of ESs by integrating carbon storage (CS), soil retention (SR), habitat quality (HQ) and water yield (WY) using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model. The driving mechanisms of ESs, which varied by space and time, were also explored using the Geo-detector method. The results revealed that, over the past two decades: 1) the Zhejiang coasts have experienced a significant increase of 2783.72 km2in built-up land areas and a continuous decrease in farmland areas due to rapid urbanization; 2) owing to higher precipitation, extensive vegetation cover, and reduced anthropogenic disturbances, forests emerge as a crucial land use type for maintaining ecosystem services such as HQ, CS, WY, and SR; 3) ESs have generally declined across the entire Zhejiang coasts, with a significant decrease observed in the northern areas and an increase in the southern areas spatially; 4) the expansion of built-up land areas emerged as the primary factor affecting ecosystem services, while the vegetation factor has been increasingly significant and is expected to become predominant in the near future. Our study provides insights of understanding of ecosystem service theory and emphasizing the importance of preserving biodiversity for long-term sustainable development, and valuable scientific references to support the ecological management decision-making for local governments.

Fenton-like reaction exhibits considerable advantages in the remediation of pollutants. To fabricate an efficient catalyst becomes an issue concerning the performance enhancement in Fenton-like reaction. Herein, S-Fe-MOF-400 which was derived from a sulfur-doped metal-organic framework (Fe-MOF), was newly prepared and exhibited high ability for H2O2activation during Fenton-like reaction. The results showed that the sulfurization effectively reduced the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of S-Fe-MOF-400, and facilitated the charge transfer, consequently enhancing the catalytic performance of S-Fe-MOF-400 in the Fenton-like reaction. XRD analysis revealed that FeS2was the predominant reactive component in S-Fe-MOF-400 with a regular cubic structure and pronounced crystallinity. Additionally, the presence of low-valent sulfur ensured the availability of Fe (II), thereby facilitating the occurrence of the Fenton reaction. Under optimal conditions, the removal efficiency of pollutants reached 86.7 % within 60 min, resulting in total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency at 40.6 %. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detections revealed that •OH, 1O2, and O2•−synergistically participated in the Fenton-like reaction,with •OH being the primary active species. The activation process of H2O2induced by S-Fe-MOF-400 mainly yielded hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals. The 1O2was generated through two following pathways: (i) the transformation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and (ii) the conversion of natural oxygen molecules (O2). This current study illustrated the significant potential for the application of sulfur-modified Fe-MOF in the Fenton-like reaction for pollutant removal.

Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) has shown significant potential as a drug or drug delivery system owing to their photothermal capabilities and antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, the actualization of their potential is impeded by inherent constraints, including their considerable size, heightened immunogenicity and compromised biosafety. Conquering these obstacles and pursuing more effective solutions remains a top priority. Similar to extracellular vesicles, bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have demonstrated a great potential in biomedical applications. OMVs from PSB encapsulate a rich array of bioactive constituents, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids inherited from their parent cells. Consequently, they emerge as a promising and practical alternative. Unfortunately, OMVs have suffered from low yield and inconsistent particle sizes. In response, bacteria-derived nanovesicles (BNVs), created through controlled extrusion, adeptly overcome the challenges associated with OMVs. However, the differences, both in composition and subsequent biological effects, between OMVs and BNVs remain enigmatic. In a groundbreaking endeavor, our study meticulously cultivates PSB-derived OMVs and BNVs, dissecting their nuances. Despite minimal differences in morphology and size between PSB-derived OMVs and BNVs, the latter contains a higher concentration of active ingredients and metabolites. Particularly noteworthy is the elevated levels of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) found in BNVs, known for its ability to enhance cell proliferation and initiate downstream signaling pathways that promote angiogenesis and epithelialization. Importantly, our results indicate that BNVs can accelerate wound closure more effectively by orchestrating a harmonious balance of cell proliferation and migration within NIH-3T3 cells, while also activating the EGFR/AKT/PI3K pathway. In contrast, OMVs have a pronounced aptitude in anti-cancer efforts, driving macrophages toward the M1 phenotype and promoting the release of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, our findings not only provide a promising methodological framework but also establish a definitive criterion for discerning the optimal application of OMVs and BNVs in addressing a wide range of medical conditions.

•The effect of strong turbulent ocean on transmission of perfect optical vortex (POV) is analyzed.•The coherence length of a plane wave in a weakly to strongly turbulent channel is derived.•The channel capacity of orthogonal amplitude-modulated (QAM) POV link is established.•We showed 4-QAM is more suitable for signal modulation in strongly turbulent seawater.•The channel capacity loss of QAM-POV link can be reduced by the selection of system parameters.

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is an emerging technology that has been rapidly developing in recent years and can be used to quickly set up a low-cost, low-maintenance traffic monitoring system using existing communication cables. Previous studies have used DAS to detect traffic flow and speed, and the overweight of vehicles should also be considered as an important aspect of traffic monitoring. This paper proposes a DAS-based weight measurement method that utilizes elastic sensitive elements to convert load into dynamic strain in a sensing fiber, which allows the inversion and reduction of weight information by monitoring phase changes through a DAS system. The proposed method is validated through theoretical analysis and modeling, and a series of indoor tests are built to verify the method's feasibility. The experimental results demonstrate that the linearity of weight measurement can achieve 99.89% with an error margin of 5%. This work exhibits significant potential for application in intelligent transportation.

Facing the dramatic increase of real-time applications and time-sensitive services, large-scale ultra-low delay requirements are put forward for the sixth generation (6G) wireless networks. To support massive ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (mURLLC), in this paper we propose an adaptive finite blocklength framework to reduce the over-the-air delay for short packet transmissions with multiple-access and delay-bounded demands. In particular, we first give the specified over-the-air delay model. Then, we reveal the tradeoff relationship among queuing delay, transmission delay, and the number of retransmissions along with the change of finite blocklength, as well as formulate the adaptive blocklength framework. Based on the adaptive blocklength framework and associated with grant-free (GF) access protocol, we formulate the average over-the-air delay minimization problem, where the blocklength can be adaptively changed in terms of transmission time interval (TTI) design and bandwidth allocation to achieve the optimal tradeoff and obtain its minimum over-the-air delay. We develop the cooperative multi-agent deep Q-network (M-DQN) scheme with a grouping mechanism to efficiently solve the average over-the-air delay minimization problem. Numerical results validate our proposed adaptive blocklength scheme outperforms corresponding schemes in long-term evolution (LTE) and the fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR).

Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores (WREOs) in China are the main source of medium and heavy rare earths in the world. In order to improve the seepage and the mass transfer of traditional ammonium salt leaching process of WREOs, surfactants were added in the ammonium sulfate leaching solution and the ammonium chloride leaching solution. The leaching kinetics, the mass transfer process, and the adhesion work reduction factor calculated from the interfacial properties were studied to reveal the strengthening mechanism of surfactant. In the presence of the tested five surfactants, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium oleate and oleic acid, the permeability of WREOs is improved, the rare earth (RE) leaching efficiency increase and the impurity aluminum (Al) leaching efficiency decrease, indicating its promotional effect on the leaching process of WREOs. Furthermore, CTAB shows a better leaching enhancement, and the optimal addition dosage is 0.4 g/L for the two ammonium salt leaching agent systems. The kinetics analysis shows the internal diffusion controls model of RE and Al leaching process, and the leaching kinetics equations of RE and Al related to CTAB concentration were obtained for the two ammonium salt leaching systems. According to the chromatographic plate theory, the mass transfer efficiency of RE increases with the CTAB concentration increasing until 0.4 g/L, which confirms that the optimal CTAB addition is 0.4 g/L. Smaller adhesion work and adhesion work reduction factor indicate more favorable permeation as well as the leaching process.

Sandwich-structured building materials are extensively used for energy saving, sound insulation, and fire safety purposes. The electromagnetic (EM) waves incident on a sandwich building material will undergo complicated multiple reflections across all its layers and affect the indoor wireless performance in ways that are not yet fully understood. In this article, we establish a framework to evaluate and optimize the wireless friendliness of a sandwich building material. First, we derive and analyze the equivalent reflection coefficient of a sandwich building material. Then, based on a multipath channel model incorporating the line-of-sight (LOS) path and the reflections from the sandwich building material, we propose a metric for evaluating the wireless friendliness of a sandwich building material, i.e., the spatially averaged capacity over a room. Finally, we propose an iterative algorithm to maximize the spatially averaged capacity by jointly optimizing the relative permittivity and thickness of each layer of the sandwich building material, while ensuring its mechanical and thermal insulation requirements. Numerical results show that the spatially averaged capacity can be increased by 25%–42% via the joint optimization of the relative permittivities and thickness of all layers of a sandwich building material.

Ageing is a critical factor in spinal-cord-associated disorders1, yet the ageing-specific mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. Here, to address this knowledge gap, we combined single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis with behavioural and neurophysiological analysis in non-human primates (NHPs). We identified motor neuron senescence and neuroinflammation with microglial hyperactivation as intertwined hallmarks of spinal cord ageing. As an underlying mechanism, we identified a neurotoxic microglial state demarcated by elevated expression of CHIT1 (a secreted mammalian chitinase) specific to the aged spinal cords in NHP and human biopsies. In the aged spinal cord, CHIT1-positive microglia preferentially localize around motor neurons, and they have the ability to trigger senescence, partly by activating SMAD signalling. We further validated the driving role of secreted CHIT1 on MN senescence using multimodal experiments both in vivo, using the NHP spinal cord as a model, and in vitro, using a sophisticated system modelling the human motor-neuron–microenvironment interplay. Moreover, we demonstrated that ascorbic acid, a geroprotective compound, counteracted the pro-senescent effect of CHIT1 and mitigated motor neuron senescence in aged monkeys. Our findings provide the single-cell resolution cellular and molecular landscape of the aged primate spinal cord and identify a new biomarker and intervention target for spinal cord degeneration.

Anomaly detection (AD) aims to determine if an instance has properties different from those seen in normal cases. The success of this technique depends on how well a neural network learns from normal instances. We observe that the learning difficulty scales exponentially with the input resolution, making it infeasible to apply AD to high-resolution images. Resizing them to a lower resolution is a compromising solution and does not align with clinical practice where the diagnosis could depend on image details. In this work, we propose to train the network and perform inference at the patch level, through the sliding window algorithm. This simple operation allows the network to receive high-resolution images but introduces additional training difficulties, including inconsistent image structure and higher variance. We address these concerns by setting the network’s objective to learn augmentation-invariant features. We further study the augmentation function in the context of medical imaging. In particular, we observe that the resizing operation, a key augmentation in general computer vision literature, is detrimental to detection accuracy, and the inverting operation can be beneficial. We also propose a new module that encourages the network to learn from adjacent patches to boost detection performance. Extensive experiments are conducted on breast tomosynthesis and chest X-ray datasets and our method improves ${8}.{03}\%$ and ${5}.{66}\%$ AUC on image-level classification respectively over the current leading techniques. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

The Fanconi anemia pathway is a key pathway involved in the repair of deoxyribonucleic acidinterstrand crosslinking damage, which chiefly includes the following four modules: lesion recognition, Fanconi anemia core complex recruitment, FANCD2–FANCI complex monoubiquitination, and downstream events (nucleolytic incision, translesion synthesis, and homologous recombination). Mutations or deletions of multiple Fanconi anemia genes in this pathway can damage the interstrand crosslinking repair pathway and disrupt primordial germ cell development and oocyte meiosis, thereby leading to abnormal follicular development. Premature ovarian insufficiency is a gynecological clinical syndrome characterized by amenorrhea and decreased fertility due to decreased oocyte pool, accelerated follicle atresia, and loss of ovarian function in women <40 years old. Furthermore, in recent years, several studies have detected mutations in the Fanconi anemia gene in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. In addition, some patients with Fanconi anemia exhibit symptoms of premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility. The Fanconi anemia pathway and premature ovarian insufficiency are closely associated.In summary, we conducted a comprehensive summary and analysis of the relationship between Fanconi anemia genes and premature ovarian insufficiency from the perspective of the Fanconi anemia pathway, in order to provide new ideas for the pathogenesis of premature ovarian insufficiency.Graphical Abstract

We propose a simple interface engineering method to modify the interface between perovskite and ETL by using multifunctional carbon dots (CDs). Interactions between CDs and perovskite layers suppress interfacial recombination and improve device performance; and inhibit photo-induced I2release and organic cation volatilization causing irreversible degradation of perovskite films, thereby enhancing long-term operational stability of PSCs.

It is a challenging task to realize highly reversible ON–OFF nanoswitches over a wide range of temperatures, which emerge as a versatile toolbox for use in nanobiotechnology. Herein, nanoparticles (NPs) bifunctionalized by DNA strands and stimuli-responsive polymers are proposed to construct multimodal ON–OFF nanoswitches by the coarse-grained model. The successful achievement of multimodal ON–OFF nanoswitches for bifunctionalized NPs at lower temperatures is attributed to the synergistic effects of the contraction and expansion configurations of stimuli-responsive polymers, combined with the hybridization–dehybridization event of DNA strands. Importantly, our simulations isolate the conditions of programmable self-assembly of bifunctionalized NPs to realize the multimodal ON–OFF nanoswitches by the changes of temperature and chain rigidity. In addition, it is found that the bifunctionalized NPs in the ON state display anisotropic and patchy features due to an introduction of stimuli-responsive polymers. Our simulation results provide fundamental insights on qualitative predictions of ON/OFF states of DNA-based NPs, which can aid in realizing a set of ON–OFF nanoswitches by the rational design of functionalization molecules.

Surfactants were proposed to be added into magnesium sulfate solution to improve the leaching process of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores (WREOs). Effects of surfactants and their concentration on the seepage of leaching solutions and the leaching efficiency of rare earth (RE) and aluminum (Al) were investigated, and the leaching kinetics, the mass transfer process, the adhesion work and the adhesion work reduction factor were analyzed to reveal its strengthening leaching mechanism. The results show that cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has a better strengthening effect on the leaching process than dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium oleate and oleic acid. In the presence of 0.04% CTAB in 0.2 mol/L solution, the permeability coefficient of WREOs increases from 0.945×10−5to 1.640×10−5cm·s−1, and the leaching efficiency of RE increases from 80% to 90%, confirming the promotion of surfactants on the leaching process of WREOs. Kinetic analysis shows that the leaching process conforms to the inner diffusion control model, and the leaching kinetics equations of RE and Al related to CTAB content are obtained. Mass transfer discussion shows a smaller height equivalent to theoretical plate (HETP) of RE and Al at CTAB content of 0.04%, suggesting the higher mass transfer efficiency here. According to the interfacial properties of leaching solutions, the calculated adhesion work and the adhesion work reduction factor further demonstrate the strengthening leaching effect of CTAB on the leaching process of WREOs.

This paper presents a subthreshold-leakage-current-based fully CMOS temperature-to-digital converter with high accuracy and supply rejection. The subthreshold current ratio is constructed by different channel lengths of the same MOSFET type, providing high accuracy and less corner dependence. In addition, the supply sensitivity is enhanced by the proposed subthreshold-leakage-current-based sensing element (SE) and the frequency ratio of two identical currents to frequency converters (CFCs). The prototype was implemented in a 180nm CMOS process. It achieves an inaccuracy of ±0.8°C ( $3\sigma$ ) from 0°C to 100°C after two-point calibration with a resolution of 120mK. Over a wide supply range from 0.8V to 1.6V, the temperature sensor shows a supply sensitivity of 0.9°/V at 30°C. Over the temperature range of 0–100°C, the power supply sensitivity is smaller than 3.4°C/V. Operating at 1V, the sensor has a power consumption of 20nW at 30°C, leading to an FoM of 14.4 pJ $\cdot \text{K}^{2}$ .

Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare but devastating cholangiopathy. We report a case series of dysmorphic gallbladders detected during prenatal ultrasound, which were confirmed as BA after birth. We present the prenatal ultrasound findings as well as integral follow‐up, with an aim to raise awareness regarding the association between BA and dysmorphic gallbladder. Although this dysmorphic gallbladder is a strong hint for BA, it is also important to search for other related sonographic features, such as the presence of microcysts at the hepatic hilum, dilated right hepatic artery, and seroperitoneum, which may provide more evidence for the diagnosis of BA.

The preceding and succeeding precipitation (PSP) often act together with extreme precipitation (EP), in turn, causing floods, which is an objective component that is often overlooked with regard to summer flood hazards in the arid region of Northwest China. In this study, event-based extreme precipitation (EEP) was defined as continuous precipitation that includes at least one day of EP. We analyzed the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of four EEP types (front EEP, late EEP, balanced EEP, and single day EEP) across the Loess Plateau (LP) based on data acquired from 87 meteorological stations from 1960 to 2019. Precipitation on the LP basically maintained a spatial pattern of “low in the northwest region and high in the southeast region”, and EP over the last 10 a increased significantly. The cumulative precipitation percentage of single day EEP was 34% and was dominant for 60 a, while the cumulative precipitation percentage of front, late, and balanced EEP types associated with PSP accounted for 66%, which confirms to the connotation of EEP. The cumulative frequencies of front and late EEP types were 23% and 21%, respectively, while the cumulative frequency of balanced EEP had the lowest value at only 13%. Moreover, global warming could lead to more single day EEP across the LP, and continuous EEP could increase in the northwestern region and decrease in the eastern region in the future. The concept of process-oriented EP could facilitate further exploration of disaster-causing processes associated with different types of EP, and provide a theoretical basis for deriving precipitation disaster chains and construction of disaster cluster characteristics.

Osteoarthritis (OA) has been regarded as a lubrication deficiency related joint disease. Combination of both joint lubrication and drug intervention may provide a promising nonsurgical strategy for treatment of OA. Developing novel and simple approaches to fabricate superlubricating nanoparticles with drug release property is highly required. Herein, dopamine triggered one-step polymerization method was employed to fabricate polydopamine/poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt) (PDA—PSPMA) conjugate coating on hollow silica (h-SiO2) nanosphere surfaces to engineer functional nanoparticles (h-SiO2/PDA—PSPMA). The as-prepared h-SiO2/PDA—PSPMA exhibits excellent aqueous lubrication performance on biomaterial substrates as well as natural bovine articular cartilage based on hydration effect of negatively charged PDA—PSPMA coating and “rolling” effect of h-SiO2nanospheres. In vitro drug loading-release experiments demonstrate that PDA—PSPMA coating functionalized h-SiO2nanospheres show high drug-loading and sustained-release capability of an anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac sodium (DS). Such h-SiO2/PDA—PSPMA nanospheres can be potentially used as a synergistic therapy agent for OA treatment combining by simultaneous joint lubrication and drug release.

Aging research has shifted from studying phenotypes to studying in-depth mechanisms in recent decades. However, extrapolating cellular and molecular bases of aging from studying traditional model systems to humans has been challenging. The advent of organoids holds promise for overcoming the limitations of monolayer cell culture and bridging the gap between animal models and humans. Here, we mainly discuss recent paradigms for using organoid models in studying organ aging. Pluripotent stem cells–derived organoid provides a promising platform for simulating the pathophysiology of several aging-related diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases, and adult stem cells organoids derived from different age groups have been applied to detect aging-related functional changes. We also assess the value of organoid model systems in understanding human aging and aging-related diseases, and identify challenges to be addressed in the future, such as the immaturity of organoids, and effective methods of inducing aging.

It is a challenging task to properly realize crystal superlattices with the precise organization of individual nanoparticles (NPs) for sparely DNA-functionalized NPs. In this contribution, taking advantage of flexible polymer chains for the delicate regulation of collective interactions, we overcome the challenge through a detailed investigation of the programmable self-assembly of bifunctionalized NPs by scale-accurate coarse-grained simulations. It is revealed that the rationally designed system of bifunctionalized NPs extremely expands the parameter space of crystalline nanostructures with various lattices in spite of a lower amount of DNA chains, originating from the strong steric hindrance of flexible polymer chains. Importantly, a geometric model is used to account for the effects of steric hindrance and unify the morphological boundaries of bifunctionalized NPs with various molecular designs of grafted chains. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that solvent responses of polymer chains can be used as a means to achieve reconfigurable self-assembly of bifunctionalized NPs. These findings not only provide fundamental insights into the programmable self-assembly of DNA-functionalized NPs but also offer design rules for the construction of crystal superlattices with elaborate architectures.

This study aimed to assess the role of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A2 (LILRA2) in ovarian carcinoma (OC) oncogenesis and prognosis.

Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) are the main source of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) in epidermal tissue, which promote re‐epithelialization and wound healing. In refractory wounds, IL‐1β has been shown to activate NF‐κB and suppress IGF‐1 expression in DETCs. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that IL‐1β did not inhibit NF‐κB binding to IGF‐1 promoter, indicating that IL‐1β/NF‐κB may suppress IGF‐1 expression by alternative mechanisms. MiRNAs negatively regulate gene expression predominantly by base pairing to the 3′ untranslation region (UTR) of target mRNAs. Let‐7f‐5p, miR‐1a‐3p, and miR‐98‐5p have been identified as IGF‐1‐specific miRNAs that can bind directly to the 3′UTR of IGF‐1 mRNA and dysregulate IGF‐1 mRNA and protein levels. In IL‐1β‐treated epidermis around wounds or DETCs in vitro, NF‐κB promoted the expression of let‐7f‐5p, and IGF‐1 expression was impeded via NF‐κB/let‐7f‐5p pathway. As pre‐let‐7f‐5p, let‐7f‐1 is located in the 3′UTR of LOC118568094, and let‐7f‐2 is located in the intron of HUWE1. We discovered that NF‐κB p65 bound to the promoters of LOC118568094 and HUWE1 to accelerate let‐7f‐5p expression, but NF‐κB p65 did not affect the methylation levels of LOC118568094 and HUWE1 CpG islands. Injections of Let‐7f‐5p antagomir into IL‐1β‐treated and ischemic wound margins restored IGF‐1 secretion in DETCs and promoted wound healing. In conclusion, we demonstrated that NF‐κB signaling pathway activated by IL‐1β could increase let‐7f‐5p expression to inhibit IGF‐1 production in DETCs and delay wound healing. And let‐7f‐5p antagomir utilized in wound margin could effectively promote refractory wound healing. Molecular mechanisms identified by which IL‐1β/NF‐κB down‐regulates IGF‐1 expression by let‐7f‐5p in dendritic epidermal T cells.

A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of inoculating alfalfa silage with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculum on feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, antioxidant, and immunity status of lactating dairy goats. Twenty dairy goats were distributed into 2 experimental groups consisting of control diet (Lp MTD/1, including Lactobacillus plantarumMTD/1 inoculated silage) against diet containing silage treated with ferulic acid esterase-producing L. plantarumA1 (Lp A1). Alfalfa silage inoculated with a ferulic acid esterase-producing Lp A1 had better fermentation quality than the Lp MTD/1 inoculation. The application of Lp A1 improved silage antioxidant capacity as indicated by greater total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in Lp A1 treated silage versus Lp MTD/1 treatment. Compared with Lp MTD/1 treated group, inoculation of silage with Lp A1 increased apparent total tract digestibility of dietary dry matter, organic matter and crude protein, and ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate and isobutyrate as well. The results of current study also demonstrated improved antioxidant capacity and immune performance of dairy goats with Lp A1 inoculation. Feeding Lp A1-treated silage increased dairy goats' serum antioxidase activity, such as T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px and catalase, and the serum concentration of immunoglobulin A, while decreased tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6. In addition, compared with Lp MTD/1, diet containing alfalfa silage inoculated with Lp A1 endowed dairy goats' milk with greater fat and protein contents, improved dairy goat milk quality without affecting feed efficiency.

Considering the problems of environmental pollution and treatment costs generated by renewable waste biomass on a global scale, the development of high-performance electrodes utilizing plentiful natural waste biomass as sustainable precursors is essential to facilitate the practical application of supercapacitors. Hence, we develop a facile and efficient method to construct waste bamboo shavings into petal-like hierarchical porous carbon electrode materials with an ultrahigh specific surface area and N, O codoped interfaces through H3PO4-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment combined with coactivation by KOH/melamine. The effects of optimal regulation of pore structure and surface modification (heteroatom doping) on the superior electrochemical properties of carbon materials are investigated in depth. The derived carbon materials presenting an excellent potential for practical applications of supercapacitors are mainly attributed to their large specific surface area (3392 m2g–1), prominent pore volume (2.081 m3g–1), and petal-like hierarchical porous structure with abundant N, O content, which results in rapid ion diffusion and adequate electrical charge storage as well as contributed pseudocapacitance. 5-BHPC-700-4 exhibits attractive electrochemical properties in a 6.0 M KOH electrolyte, including a delightful capacitance (501.6 F g–1at 0.5 A g–1in a three-electrode system) and superior cycling stability (94.2% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 5.0 A g–1). The assembled symmetrical supercapacitor device achieves an impressive energy density of 15.3 Wh kg–1at a power density of 290 W kg–1. This work provides a valuable reference for the design and preparation of biomass-based hierarchical porous carbon with outstanding supercapacitor performance and low cost.

The development of high-precision sensors using flexible piezoelectric materials has the advantages of high sensitivity, high stability, good durability, and lightweight. The main problem with sensing equipment is low sensitivity, which is due to the mismatch between materials and analysis methods, resulting in the inability to effectively eliminate noise. To address this issue, we developed the denoising analysis method to motion signals captured by a flexible piezoelectric sensor fabricated from poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) materials. Experimental results demonstrate that this improved denoising method effectively removes noise components from neck muscle motion signals, thus obtaining high-quality, low-noise motion signal waveforms. Wavelet decomposition and reconstruction is a signal processing technique that involves decomposing a signal into different scales and frequency components using wavelets and then selectively reconstructing the signal to emphasize specific features or eliminate noise. The study employed the sym8 wavelet basis for wavelet decomposition and reconstruction. In the denoised signals, a high degree of stability and periodic peaks are distinctly manifested, while amplitude and frequency differences among different types of movements also become noticeably visible. As a result of this study, we are enabled to accurately analyze subtle variations in neck muscle motion signals, such as nodding, shaking the head, neck lateral flexion, and neck circles. Through temporal and frequency domain analysis of denoised motion signals, differentiation among various motion states can be achieved. Overall, this improved analytical approach holds broad application prospects across various types of piezoelectric sensors, such as healthcare monitoring, sports biomechanics.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is an unavoidable environmental toxin. The accumulation of AFB1 and its metabolites in the liver poses a threat to both human and animal health. Curcumin exhibits anti-oxidative, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. There is no report on the mechanism regarding how curcumin relived liver necroptosis in chickens induced by AFB1 based on the regulatory network of ceRNA. To explore this, we performed transmission electron microscopy and sequenced lncRNA and mRNA in chicken livers treated with AFB1 and/or curcumin for 28 d in vivo. We observed substantial alterations in the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles within the chicken liver, indicating that curcumin can mitigate AFB1-induced necroptosis both in vivoand in vitro. Further analysis, including the establishment of an lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network and the utilization of a dual luciferase reporter assay, revealed that LOC769044 acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-1679. In addition, STAT1 was identified as a direct target of miR-1679. Modulating miR-1679 levels through overexpression, and silencing LOC769044 and STAT1, effectively reversed the necroptotic effects induced by AFB1, a reversal that was also observed with curcumin supplementation. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that curcumin alleviates AFB1-induced liver necroptosis through the LOC769044/miR-1679/STAT1 signaling axis. This study suggests that LOC769044 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for managing AFB1-mediated liver toxicity.

The Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa (ADNEX) model was developed by the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis group to assess the risk of an ovarian mass being malignant. This study aimed to externally validate the ADNEX model performance in a tertiary center in China. This retrospective, single‐center university hospital study assessed the model diagnostic accuracy. All patients were examined by transvaginal ultrasonography, and serum CA125 levels were measured. Moreover, clinicopathological information was collected. The diagnostic performance of the ADNEX model was calculated with and without CA125 as a predictor. We retrieved data of 335 patients, of which 53 were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. Of the included 282 patients, 178 (63.1%) had benign tumors, and 104 (36.9%) had malignant tumors. When CA125 was factored in, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the distinction between benign and malignant tumors was 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–0.96), whereas it was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88–0.95) without CA125. The concordance between the predicted risk of malignancy and the proportion of observed malignancies was well demonstrated by the calibration plots. The proper performance of the ADNEX model was verified externally in a tertiary center in China, showing a good distinction between tumour subtypes. Our findings suggest the ADNEX model is a valuable tool in clinical practice and may help in managing patients with adnexal masses.

The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the origin of the electrical signals for rhythmic heartbeats in mammals. The spontaneous firing of SAN pacemaker cells (SANPCs) triggers cardiac contraction. ‘Local Ca2+release’ (LCR), a unique cellular activity, acts as the ‘engine’ of the spontaneous firing of SANPCs. However, the mechanism of LCR initiation remains unclear. Here, we report that endogenous glutamate drives LCRs in SANPCs. Using a glutamate sensor, we unraveled a tight correlation between glutamate accumulation and LCR occurrence, indicating a potential relationship between glutamate and LCRs. Intracellular application of glutamate significantly enhanced the LCRs in both intact and permeabilized SANPCs. Mechanistically, we revealed that mitochondrial excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1)-dependent mitochondrial glutamate import promoted ROS generation, which in turn led to the oxidation of Ca2+-handling proteins, ultimately resulting in enhanced LCRs. Importantly, EAAT1 depletion reduced both the spontaneous firing rates of isolated SANPCs and the heart rate in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the central role of EAAT1 as a glutamate transporter in the regulation of cardiac autonomic rhythm. In conclusion, our results indicate that glutamate serves as an LCR igniter in SANPCs, adding a potentially important element to the coupled-clock theory that explains the origin of spontaneous firing. These findings shed new light on the future prevention and treatment of cardiac pacemaker cell-related arrhythmias.

Prussian blue (PB) and its analogues are considered as promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their low cost and high capacity. However, it is still a huge challenge to avoid obvious capacity decay during cycling due to the structural collapse. Herein, we design a method to replace parts of Fe ion sites in PB with Ni ions to prepare fluffy-like nickel PB (PB-Ni) by cationic solution immersion, which improves cycling stability for sodium storage. The content of Ni in PB-Ni is explored by regulating the soaking time in the Ni-containing solution, which results in different effects on the electrochemical performance as cathodes of SIBs. Especially, PB-Ni-1d (soaking in NiCl2solution for 1 day) exhibits an initial capacity of 114.2 mA h g–1at 50 mA g–1and a stable cycling performance of 800 cycles at 300 mA g–1. Furthermore, the reversible phase transformation and small volume variation for PB-Ni-1d are revealed by in situ X-ray diffraction characterization. The nickel hexacyanoferrate in outer layer maintains the cubic phase to stabilize the crystal structure. The cation-exchange strategy provides a facile idea to fabricate high-quality PB cathodes with superior stability for high-performance SIBs.

The gadolinium(III) chloride (GdCl3) is employed as an effective dopant to stabilize the α-phase CsPbI2Br perovskite. The GdCl3-incorporated CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cell exhibits a remarkable efficiency (16.24%) and maintains outstanding long-term stability.

Tissue-engineered cartilage regeneration by bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is considered an ideal method. However, how to regulate BMSCs to regenerate specific types of cartilage remains unclear, which significantly limits its clinical translation and leads to suboptimal clinical effects. Herein, we systematically explored the role of native ear and articular cartilage niches on the differentiation fate of BMSCs and the type of regenerated cartilage. First, we prepared two types of acellular cartilage sheets (ACSs) and two types of chondrocytes. Then green fluorescent protein-labeled BMSCs were seeded on two types of ACSs with or without corresponding types of chondrocytes using a sandwich model and directed or cross-implanted them into native cartilage niches. After one year of in vivoculture, cell tracking and the results of histological results showed that the native cartilage niches were capable of regulating BMSCs regeneration into specific types of cartilage that were consistent with the cartilage types of the implanted sites. Furthermore, even when the type of niche formed by ACSs or the biomimetic cartilage niche constructed by specific types of ACSs and specific types of chondrocytes did not match with the native cartilage niche, the native cartilage niche continued to determine the type of cartilage regenerated by implanted BMSCs and chondrocytes. All our results provide sufficient evidence for specific types of cartilage regeneration using chondrogenic potential cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes.

Bacterial infections and limited surface lubrication are the two key challenges for bioimplants in dynamic contact with tissues. However, the simultaneous lubricating and antibacterial properties of the bioimplants have rarely been investigated. In this work, we successfully developed a multifunctional coating with simultaneous antibacterial and lubricating properties for surface functionalization of bioimplant materials. The multifunctional coating was fabricated on a polyurethane (PU) substrate via polydopamine (PDA)-assisted multicomponent codeposition, containing polyethyleneimine (PEI) and trace amounts of copper (Cu) as synergistic antibacterial components and zwitterionic poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) as the lubricating component. The obtained PDA(Cu)/PEI/PMPC coating showed excellent antibacterial activity (antibacterial efficiency: ∼99%) to both Escherichia coliand Staphylococcus aureuscompared with bare PU. The excellent antibacterial properties were attributed to the combined effect of anti-adhesion capability of hydrophilic PMPC and PEI and bactericidal activity of Cu in the coating. Meanwhile, the coefficient of friction of the coating was significantly decreased by ∼52% compared with bare PU owing to the high hydration feature of PMPC, suggesting the superior lubricating property. Furthermore, the PDA(Cu)/PEI/PMPC coating was highly biocompatible toward human umbilical vein endothelial cells demonstrated by in vitrocytotoxicity tests. This study not only contributes to the chemistry of PDA-assisted multicomponent codeposition but also provides a facile and practical way for rational design of multifunctional coatings for medical devices.

Theoretical and experimental explorations have demonstrated that both anisotropy and unstable stratification exist in general ocean turbulence. Recent analyses of temporal broadening of ultrashort optical pulses in oceanic turbulence have adopted the assumptions that the propagation path in the z direction was isotropic, or turbulent cells are simply premised on circular symmetry in the xy plane. In this paper, circular symmetry of turbulent cells in the xy plane is no longer maintained, and two anisotropic factors describing the anisotropic scales in the xy plane are introduced to study the temporal broadening of ultrashort optical pulses. Moreover, unstable stratification of oceanic turbulence indicates the eddy diffusivities of temperature and salt are no longer equal. By Rytov approximation and the temporal-moments method, a new model is proposed for the temporal broadening of ultrashort optical pulse propagation in general ocean turbulence. We focus on the effects of asymmetric turbulent cells, unstable stratification, and other characteristics in general ocean turbulence on the temporal broadening. This work provides a theoretical basis for improving the transmission quality of ultrashort optical pulses and the performance of underwater optical communication systems.

Three-dimensional (3-D) stereo images can be generated via computer-based image processing of CORONA stereo pairs. To a certain extent, important terrain and surface feature data extracted from these stereo images can improve the survey of archaeological sites and the identification and mapping of major landscapes. In this study, we focused on the identification of the archaeological ruins of Liangzhu City. An optical stereo model (red/blue stereo image) of the Liangzhu site was created through computer-based mosaicking and processing of CORONA remote-sensing stereo pairs taken in the 1960s and 1970s. By importing the optical stereo model into mobile phones, tablet computers, and other mobile devices, the research team undertook real-time locating of ruins via human observation, on-site investigation, and image overlay during a field survey and identified several Liangzhu-period dams, some of which have been confirmed via archaeological field investigations. The research team later applied the same method to the identification of tombs at the site of the mausoleums of the six emperors of the Southern Song dynasty. The results further prove that this method is feasible and reliable and can be widely promoted and used for the identification of archaeological ruins.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) associated pain commonly predicts adverse events among patients. This clinical feature indicates the engagement of nociceptors on sensory neurons during the development of malignancy. However, it is yet to be determined if targeting oncometabolite-associated nociception processes can hinder OSCC progression. In this study, we reported that nociceptive endings infiltrating both clinical samples and mouse tumor xenografts were associated with poorer clinical outcomes and drove tumor progression in vivo, as evidenced by clinical tissue microarray analysis and murine lingual denervation. We observed that the OSCC microenvironment was characteristic of excessive adenosine due to CD73 upregulation which negatively predicted clinical outcomes in the TCGA-HNSC patient cohort. Notably, such adenosine concentrative OSCC niche was associated with the stimulation of adenosine A2Areceptor (A2AR) on trigeminal ganglia. Antagonism of trigeminal A2AR with a selective A2AR inhibitor SCH58261 resulted in impeded OSCC growth in vivo. We showed that trigeminal A2AR overstimulation in OSCC xenograft did not entail any changes in the transcription level of CGRP in trigeminal ganglia but significantly triggered the release of CGRP, an effect counteracted by SCH58261. We further demonstrated the pro-tumor effect of CGRP by feeding mice with the clinically approved CGRP receptor antagonist rimegepant which inhibited the activation of ERK and YAP. Finally, we diminished the impact of CGRP on OSCC with istradefylline, a clinically available drug that targets neuronal A2AR. Therefore, we established trigeminal A2AR-mediated CGRP release as a promising druggable circuit in OSCC treatment.

To clarify the fate of typical heavy metals during preparation process of porous carbon, we produced porous carbon using a two-step strategy and investigated the transformation behavior of heavy metals including V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn and Ba in the process. A modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure was implemented to reveal the occurrence state of heavy metals. The results clearly showed that the transformation of selected heavy metals in activated carbon was mostly determined by the occurrence state, volatile nature and operating procedure. In addition to the new aluminosilicate minerals, abundant pore structure also had evident dependence on solidifying heavy metals in porous carbon. The content of heavy metals in activated carbon were considerably lower than YKFS, and V, Cr and Cu were more accumulated in porous carbon. It is also important to note that Zn possessed markedly lower content and REI value (3.61–56.17 %) in activated carbon and porous carbon owning to the volatile nature of Zn and acid solubility of Zn-base minerals. The Risk Assessment Code (RAC) evaluation conducted that the acid leaching operation effectively decreased the hazardous properties of heavy metals. The research results can provide significant guidance for value-added utilization of gasification fine slag in an environmentally friendly.

Plant synthetic biology research requires diverse bioparts that facilitate the redesign and construction of new-to-nature biological devices or systems in plants. Limited by few well-characterized bioparts for plant chassis, the development of plant synthetic biology lags behind that of its microbial counterpart. Here, we constructed a web-based Plant Synthetic BioDatabase (PSBD), which currently categorizes 1677 catalytic bioparts and 384 regulatory elements and provides information on 309 species and 850 chemicals. Online bioinformatics tools including local BLAST, chem similarity, phylogenetic analysis, and visual strength are provided to assist with the rational design of genetic circuits for manipulation of gene expression in planta. We demonstrated the utility of the PSBD by functionally characterizing taxadiene synthase 2 and its quantitative regulation in tobacco leaves. More powerful synthetic devices were then assembled to amplify the transcriptional signals, enabling enhanced expression of flavivirus non-structure 1 proteins in plants. The PSBD is expected to be an integrative and user-centered platform that provides a one-stop service for diverse applications in plant synthetic biology research.

Coal gasification fine slag is typical coal-based solid waste, and the crux to its resource utilization is the co-utilization of carbon and ash. A novel iron-doped mineral and carbon composite electrocatalyst (Fe-FSAPH) was synthesized by depolymerizing and reconstituting the ash phase for the collaborative electrocatalytic degradation of m-cresol wastewater. Exogenous iron participated in and promoted mineral reconstitution, increasing Si(-O)1/Si(-O)3 ratio (0.37→1.18) and promoting the formation of active Si-OH groups. The iron-doped minerals dispersedly developed with a sheet-like on carbon matrix, which improved intimate physical proximity and synergistic behavior of carbon/minerals. The obtained Fe-FSAPH, with a specific surface area of 246.52 m2/g, has a large diffusion rate constant KD2(2.98 mg·min−0.5/g) in the rate-limiting step of m-cresol adsorption. Its electrochemical performances exhibit excellent, including cyclic voltammetry charge of 8.52 mC/cm3, charge-transfer resistance of 0.59 Ω, and Tafel slope of 159 mV/dec. The m-cresol with a concentration of 194.67 mg/L could be electrooxidized within 18 min due to the abundance of •OH and O2•-in the Fe-FSAPH system, which accelerated the radical attack reaction. Moreover, Si-OH groups catalyzed conversion of •OH to O2•-by generating oxygen vacancies and undergoing dehydroxylation, shortening the rapid reaction time of m-cresol removal to 14 min. The introduction of iron enhanced the synergy of carbon and minerals, with •OH generated via the Fenton-like reaction, offering a convenient environment for mineral catalysis. Hence, the study provided new ideas for the comprehensive utilization of carbon and ash and treatment of waste by waste.

In the physiological environment, nanoparticles (NPs) interact with proteins to form a protein-rich layer on the surface which is called "protein corona". Understanding and analyzing the formation process of protein corona and protein corona-nanoparticles is of great significance for biological related nano research. Many separation techniques have been used to analyze the composition of protein corona, but in situanalysis of protein corona is still absent. With the development of detection technology, sum frequency generation (SFG) is an effective instrument to analyze the surface protein structure and dynamic changes of protein corona in situ. In this work the molecular mechanism and surface structure effect of the interaction between nanoparticles with surface protein corona (S-NPP) and phospholipid membrane were studied. When S-NPP interacts with phospholipid membrane, the bond affinity network formed by the binding water can stabilize S-NPP around the lipid bilayer. In this process, S-NPP can be found wrapped in the hydration shell. This ultimately leads to a more moderate interaction between particles and phospholipid membrane.

In this work, spent tires were processed into porous hybrid carbon materials for CO2capture. An efficient heteroatom doping and pore structure optimization process in parallel was proposed. In the optimal hydrothermal conditions, addition of ammonium oxalate and melamine could significantly increase the specific surface area of STAC from 703.76 to 905.04 m2/g and dope with abundant N (4.41 at%) and O (7.32 at%) heteroatoms. Then the mechanism of pore widening and doping of carbon materials by pre-oxidation, small molecules, and molecular fragments is also elaborated. The extensive characterization of spent tire porous hybrid carbon (STAC-NO2) demonstrates that it is rich in numerous CO, C-OH, N-6, and N-5 structures, which provided adsorption sites for CO2via electrostatic interaction. The STAC-NO2 exhibits a foamy coral-like structure, with abundant micro-mesopores. The Hierarchical porous, rough pore surface, and abundant amorphous structure greatly enhanced the CO2capture capacity. Thermodynamic studies show that CO2capture by STAC-NO2 is a thermodynamically controlled exothermic, entropy-decreasing physical adsorption process. Moreover, kinetic studies have demonstrated that the adsorption process involves chemical adsorption. At temperatures under 103.66 °C (ΔG0< 0), the adsorption reaction occurs spontaneously. The isosteric heat of adsorption and regeneration test prove its cyclic renewability. This study provides valuable guidance for the high value-added transformation and utilization of spent tires in the circular economy.

Serum aldosterone is associated with cardiac remodeling, which contributes to morbidity and mortality in heart failure (HF); however, the prognostic value of aldosterone in HF with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unclear. We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to quantify serum aldosterone in 873 patients with HFpEF in a Registry Study of Biomarkers for HF. The retrospective study was conducted at Beijing Anzhen Hospital from May 2017 to October 2019. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality and rehospitalization for HF. Aldosterone concentrations in patients with and without events were 124.22 pmol L−1(interquartile range (IQR): 48.62–256.20) and 96.33 pmol L−1(IQR: 37.33–215.76), respectively (P=0.023). Aldosterone independently predicted all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.55; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 1.06–2.27; P=0.024) and the primary endpoint (aHR, 1.43; 95%CI, 1.11–1.85; P=0.006). Patients with high aldosterone concentrations were at higher risk of concentric remodeling (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03–2.04; P=0.034). Patients with high aldosterone and B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations were at a higher risk of the primary endpoint (hazard ratio (HR), 1.85; 95%CI, 1.29–2.66; P=0.001). We conclude that elevated aldosterone is associated with a risk of rehospitalization with HF and all-cause mortality in patients with HFpEF.

Gold and silver nanoclusters (Au/AgNCs) exhibit excellent application potential in optical biosensors because of their low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and unique optical properties. Au/AgNCs-based visual analysis methods have emerged as powerful tools for detecting various targets with convenient readout. In this review, the applications of Au/AgNCs in the visual detection and bioimaging of metal ions, inorganic anions, small molecules, and biomacromolecules in various devices are summarized. Furthermore, this review also discusses the future perspectives of the field.