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In order to solve the key problems of wireless communication and wireless power supply of the current growing number of wireless devices in the 5G/6G era, a multitarget simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) scheme based on anisotropy-metasurface field (AMF) synthesis is proposed and analyzed. By designing an anisotropic-metasurface unit and proposing a field synthesis algorithm, metasurfaces are capable of independently modulating double linear-polarization waves can be designed. The metasurface radiates dual-polarization multifocal beams and carries wireless power with x-polarization waves and information with y-polarization waves, which enables the cooperative transmission of information and power to multiple targets while retaining easy separation. For various multitarget SWIPT scenarios, a single-feed and multiple-focus (SFMF) metasurface and a dual-feed and multiple-focus (DFMF) metasurface are designed to radiate dual-polarization multifocal beams both with a total transfer efficiency of over 40%. Besides, a dual-polarization and dual-port receiving array antenna is designed for harvesting power and information in SWIPT systems. Based on polarization diversity (PD), this work provides a simple and feasible idea for the design of multitarget SWIPT systems.

The effects of Ta on the tensile behavior and deformation mechanisms of a Ni-based single crystal superalloy were investigated in this study from room temperature to elevated temperature. The findings demonstrated that the higher content of Ta could improve the tensile properties of the alloy at different temperatures. Due to the different deformation mechanisms at various temperatures, the influence of Ta on tensile deformation varied. At room temperature, the higher content of Ta enhanced the solid solution strengthening, which would enhance the tensile strength of 6.5Ta alloy. After standard heat treatment of 6.5Ta alloy, precipitation of the secondary γʹphase would hinder the movement of dislocations. When the temperature was elevated to 760 °C, the higher content of Ta not only promoted the interaction of stacking faults to form Lomer–Cottrell (L-C) locks that impeded dislocation motion, but also reduced the occurrence of dislocation pile-up groups, thus enhancing the yield strength. At 1120 °C, due to the narrower γchannels and higher APB energy in γʹphase of the alloy with higher Ta addition, the processes of bypassing and shearing of dislocations were hindered, respectively. Meanwhile, the denser and more regular dislocation networks were formed in 6.5Ta alloy; and thus, the tensile strength of 6.5Ta alloy was enhanced. This study systematically investigated the effect of Ta on the tensile behavior at three different temperatures, which provided an important theoretical basis for the design of nickel-based single crystal superalloys in the future.

Emulating biological perception mechanisms to construct intelligent sensing devices and systems represents a paradigm for promoting human–computer interaction in the Internet of Everything era. Nonetheless, developing highly sensitive, real-time sensing and rapidly integrated intelligent interaction units remains a challenging and time-consuming endeavor. This study employs a low-temperature glow discharge technique to rapidly fabricate graded nanotexturing architectural triboelectric nanopaper, upon which wearable triboelectric sensors for real-time tactile detection are designed. The structure enhances the contact area under an external force. Additionally, the Z-stacking structure design enables the sensor to achieve a remarkable sensitivity of 10.3 kPa–1and a rapid response time of 52 ms. Furthermore, a tactile sensor array was designed to demonstrate the triboelectric sensor’s ability to recognize characteristic pressures. With programmable machine learning techniques, the object recognition rate reached 97%. This study supports material structural design across disciplines, laying a solid foundation for the rapid fabrication and integration of transient wearable electronics.

Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are at risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Elevated levels of circulating biomarkers soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), galectin-3, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), and N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are associated with CKD progression and mortality. The predictive value of these biomarkers in a population with HFrEF and kidney disease is relatively unknown. We sought to determine whether these biomarkers were associated with longitudinal trajectory of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in HFrEF and assess their association with mortality using a joint model to account for competing risks of ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation and heart transplantation. We included participants from the Registry Evaluation of Vital Information for Ventricular Assist Devices in Ambulatory Life with repeated eGFR measures over 2 years. Of 309 participants, mean age was 59 years, median eGFR 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, 45 participants died, 33 received VAD, and 25 received orthotopic heart transplantation. Higher baseline serum standardized suPAR (β coefficient = −0.36 √(ml/min/1.73 m2), 95% confidence interval (−0.48 to −0.24), p < 0.001), standardized galectin-3 (−0.14 √(ml/min/1.73 m2) (−0.27 to −0.02), p = 0.02), and log NT-proBNP (−0.23 √(ml/min/1.73 m2) (−0.31 to −0.15), p < 0.001) were associated with eGFR decline. ST2 and log NT-proBNP were associated with mortality. Higher baseline suPAR, galectin-3, and NT-proBNP are associated with eGFR decline in patients with HFrEF. Only ST2 and NT-proBNP are associated with greater mortality after controlling for other factors including change in eGFR. These biomarkers may provide prognostic value for kidney disease progression in HFrEF and inform candidacy for advanced heart failure therapies.

Biomimetic engineering surfaces featuring heterogeneous wettability are vital for atmospheric water harvesting applications. Existing research predominantly focuses on the coordinated regulation of surface wettability through structural and chemical modifications, often overlooking the prevalent triboelectric charge effect at the liquid–solid interface. In this work, we designed a heterogeneous wettability surface by strategic masking and activated its latent triboelectric charge using triboelectric brushes, thereby enhancing the removal and renewal of surface droplets. By examining the dynamic evolution of droplets, the mechanism of triboelectric enhancement in the water collection efficiency is elucidated. Leveraging this inherent triboelectric charge interaction, fog collection capacity can be augmented by 29% by activating the system for 5 s every 60 s. Consequently, the advancement of triboelectric charge-enhanced fog collection technology holds both theoretical and practical significance for overcoming the limitations of traditional surface wettability regulation.

Medical bone implant magnesium (Mg) alloys are subjected to both corrosive environments and complex loads in the human body. The increasing number of hyperglycemic and diabetic patients in recent years has brought new challenges to the fatigue performance of Mg alloys. Therefore, it is significant to study the corrosion fatigue (CF) behavior of medical Mg alloys in glucose-containing simulated body fluids for their clinical applications. Herein, the corrosion and fatigue properties of extruded Mg-Zn-Zr-Nd alloy in Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) containing different concentrations (1 g/L and 3 g/L) of glucose were investigated. The average grain size of the alloy is about 5 μm, which provides excellent overall mechanical properties. The conditional fatigue strength of the alloy was 127 MPa in air and 88 MPa and 70 MPa in HBSS containing 1 g/L glucose and 3 g/L glucose, respectively. Fatigue crack initiation points for alloys in air are oxide inclusions and in solution are corrosion pits. The corrosion rate of the alloy is high at the beginning, and decreases as the surface corrosion product layer thickens with the increase of immersion time. The corrosion products of the alloy are mainly Mg(OH)2, MgO and a small amount of Ca-P compounds. The electrochemical results indicated that the corrosion rate of the alloys gradually decreased with increasing immersion time, but the corrosion tendency of the alloy was greater in HBSS containing 3 g/L glucose. On the one hand, glucose accelerates the corrosion process by adsorbing large amounts of aggressive Cl−ions. On the other hand, glucose will be oxidized to form gluconic acid, and then reacts with Mg(OH)2and MgO to form Mg gluconate, which destroys the corrosion product film and leads to the aggravation of corrosion and the accumulation of fatigue damage.

• The long-term usage of copper materials leads to corrosion. • This study provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in protective technologies toward copper corrosion under aggressive conditions. • Anti-corrosion coatings, corrosion inhibitors, and molecular passivation layers are reviewed and commented. Copper, one of the most frequently utilized non-ferrous metals, finds extensive applications in the electrical industry, mechanical engineering, construction industry, and arm production. Long-term exposure to corrosive environments including moisture, sulfur, chlorine, and microbes induces corrosion, a significant factor contributing to material deterioration. Consequently, numerous scientific endeavors have been directed towards the prevention of copper corrosion. Notably, coating copper with innovative materials like graphene, boron nitride, and various conductive polymers has proven effective in thwarting corrosion. Additionally, the introduction of new organic compounds, including azole derivatives, amino acids, and N-heterocyclic carbenes, has bolstered the eco-friendliness and efficiency of corrosion inhibitors and molecular passivation techniques. Furthermore, these approaches have been extensively investigated for their efficacy in antioxidation of copper nanomaterials. This study provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in protective technologies, such as anti-corrosion coatings, corrosion inhibitors, and molecular passivation layers, aimed at countering copper corrosion under aggressive conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much palaeontology research on biomineralization has been directed to studying the Cambrian radiation of biomineralizing animals. The evolutionary radiation of biomineralization in the Cambrian Period was preceded by weakly biomineralized animals in the late Ediacaran period around 550–539 Ma. Here we report many new tubular fossils from the upper part of the Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the Lijiagou section, Ningqiang area, southern Shaanxi Province, China, consisting of two new genera and species, namely Shufangtubulus inornatusn. gen. n. sp., and Palaeorhopalon spiniferumn. gen. n. sp. The newly discovered materials expand the list of the Ediacaran tubular fossils. The borings first found on the outer surface of Sinotubulites baimatuoensisare similar to those of Cloudina, which may reveal the earliest predator-prey dynamics. The small and delicate drill holes detected on the inner walls of Sinotubulites baimatuoensisare inferred to be infested traces by parasitism.

Conjugated polymers consist of complex backbone structures and side‐chain moieties to meet various optoelectronic and processing requirements. Recent work on conjugated polymers has been devoted to studying the mechanical properties and developing new conjugated polymers with low modulus and high‐crack onset strain, while the thin film mechanical stability under long‐term external tensile strain is less investigated. Here we performed direct mechanical stress relaxation tests for both free‐standing and thin film floated on water surface on both high‐Tgand low‐Tgconjugated polymers, as well as a reference nonconjugated sample, polystyrene. We measured thin films with a range of film thickness from 38 to 179 nm to study the temperature and thickness effect on thin film relaxation, where an apparent enthalpy–entropy compensation effect for glassy polymer PS and PM6 thin films was observed. We also compared relaxation times across three different conjugated polymers and showed that both crystalline morphology and higher modulus reduce the relaxation rate besides higher glass transition temperature. Our work provides insights into the mechanical creep behavior of conjugated polymers, which will have an impact on the future design of stable functional organic electronics.

Utilizing the ubiquitous fog in nature to create decentralized energy-harvesting devices, free from geographical and hydrological constraints, presents an opportunity to foster sustainable power generation. Extracting electrical energy from fog relies heavily on fog-digesting performance. Improving the efficiency of fogwater utilization remains a formidable challenge for existing fogwater energy-harvesting technologies. Inspired by the water-harvesting behavior of Tillandsialeaves, a smart lanceolate surface is developed to harvest triboelectric energy by rapidly digesting fog. Such a surface exhibits capabilities in fog management, encompassing precise fog capture, transportation, and critical droplet separation. Specifically, fog droplets condense at hydrophilic sites of acylated cellulose ester, subsequently migrating toward the rear under Laplace pressure, thereby producing energy as they traverse through the tail end. Such architecture yields a brief voltage restoration period (with an average of 9.36 s), can rush the capacitor to 11.59 V within 20 s, and achieves a water-digestion rate of up to 71.05 kg/m2h. This biomimetic approach enhances the water-digestion efficacy of the atmospheric water energy apparatus and offers perspectives on mitigating deficiencies in power resources.

Charge density waves appear in numerous condensed matter platforms ranging from high-temperature superconductors to quantum Hall systems. Despite such ubiquity, there has been a lack of direct experimental study of boundary states that can uniquely stem from the charge order. Here we directly visualize the bulk and boundary phenomenology of the charge density wave in a topological material, Ta2Se8I, using scanning tunnelling microscopy. At a monolayer step edge, we demonstrate the presence of an in-gap boundary mode persisting up to the charge ordering temperature with modulations along the edge that match the charge density wave wavevector along the edge. Furthermore, these results manifesting the presence of an edge state challenge the existing axion insulator interpretation of the charge-ordered phase in this compound.

Intelligent tools for creating synthetic scenes have been developed significantly in recent years. Existing techniques on interactive scene synthesis only incorporate a single object at every interaction, i.e., crafting a scene through a sequence of single-object insertions with user preferences. These techniques suggest objects by considering existent objects in the scene instead of fully picturing the eventual result, which is inherently problematic since the sets of objects to be inserted are seldom fixed during interactive processes. In this article, we introduce SceneDirector, a novel interactive scene synthesis tool to help users quickly picture various potential synthesis results by simultaneously editing groups of objects. Specifically, groups of objects are rearranged in real-time with respect to a position of an object specified by a mouse cursor or gesture, i.e., a movement of a single object would trigger the rearrangement of the existing object group, the insertions of potentially appropriate objects, and the removal of redundant objects. To achieve this, we first propose an idea of coherent group set which expresses various concepts of layout strategies. Subsequently, we present layout attributes, where users can adjust how objects are arranged by tuning the weights of the attributes. Thus, our method gives users intuitive control of both how to arrange groups of objects and where to place them. Through extensive experiments and two applications, we demonstrate the potentiality of our framework and how it enables concurrently effective and efficient interactions of editing groups of objects.

Two-dimensional (2D) hierarchically porous metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoarchitectures with tailorable meso-/macropores hold great promise for enhancing mass transfer kinetics, augmenting accessible active sites, and thereby boosting performance in heterogeneous catalysis. However, achieving the general synthesis of 2D free-standing MOF nanosheets with controllable hierarchical porosity and thickness remains a challenging task. Herein, we present an ingenious “hard” emulsion-induced interface super-assembly strategy for preparing 2D hierarchically porous UiO-66-NH2nanosheets with highly accessible pore channels, tunable meso-/macropore sizes, and adjustable thicknesses. The methodology relies on transforming the geometric shape of oil droplet templates within appropriate oil-in-water emulsions from conventional zero-dimensional (0D) “soft” liquid spheres to 2D “hard” solid sheets below the oil’s melting/freezing point. Subsequent surfactant exchange on the surface of 2D “hard” emulsions facilitates the heterogeneous nucleation and interfacial super-assembly of in situformed mesostructured MOF nanocomposites, serving as structural units, in a loosely packed manner to produce 2D MOF nanosheets with multimodal micro/meso-/macroporous systems. Importantly, this strategy can be extended to prepare other 2D hierarchically porous MOF nanosheets by altering metal-oxo clusters and organic ligands. Benefiting from fast mass transfer and highly accessible Lewis acidic sites, the resultant 2D hierarchically porous UiO-66-NH2nanosheets deliver a fabulous catalytic yield of approximately 96% on the CO2cycloaddition of glycidyl-2-methylphenyl ether, far exceeding the yield of approximately 29% achieved using conventional UiO-66-NH2microporous crystals. This “hard” emulsion-induced interface super-assembly strategy paves a new path toward the rational construction of elaborate 2D nanoarchitecture of hierarchical MOFs with tailored physicochemical properties for diverse potential applications.

Strain sensors which are embeded in AMOLED are introduced and studied in this paper. High accuray strain sensing are achieved, resolution of the sensors are about 0.05%. By combing the strain sensors in the panel, mechanical behaviors can be monitored and studied in real time. The snesors are used to conduct the foldable AMOLED mechanical and reliability study. Dynamic and static strains and related mechanism are introduced and discussed. Finite element simulation models considering the mechanical properties of materials including hyperelasticity, viscoelasticity and creep are established. Finally, the strain sensors and finite element anlysis are combined to study the mechanical response of AMOLED under dynamic folding, static folding, and different temperature and humidity environments.

By considering rollable AMOLED display and application, optical and mechanical performances are discussed and optimized solutions are introduced. Different COE designs for rollable AMOLED are compared in power consumption, L‐decay and reflection. A rollable AMOLED module structure is designed with the impact absorption layer of the hybrid cover. Based on finite element simulation and neutral layer theory, module stack is optimized, accumuled strain is eliminated. Rollable performance and impact resistance are balanced. A portable device with rollable AMOLED is developed. Its mechanical design for rollable display application is introduced.

We have proposed the “Standard 4‐edge Curved Model” for the first time, which contains a standard geometric model based on superelliptic curves and a mapping relationship from a plane to a three‐dimensional surface. In this model, we can quantitatively compare the wrinkling risks of almost all known 4‐edge curved displays and provide the optimizations for the geometric parameters.

To counter thin and lightweight targets such as drone swarms, a specialized design of 7.62 mm energetic bullets has been developed. These bullets utilize reactive materials as the core encased in a copper jacket, offering the advantages of impact-induced energy release, multiple damage, and lightweight. The study involved the preparation of three energetic bullets using the reactive materials (different ratio of PTFE-Mg-Bi2O3and PTFE-Mg-Bi2O3-W) and systematically evaluating their destructive effect. The results showed that three energetic bullets (EB-A, EB-B, and EB-W) successfully penetrated two-layer stacked 2 mm 50# cold-rolled steel targets, and the respective reaction durations observed during the penetration process were 4.1, 3.5, and 9.2 ms. After armor-piercing, energetic bullets released an amount of chemical energy and produced fragmentation, deflagration reactions, and overpressure destructive effects. To further investigate the damage mechanism of the three reactive material-filled bullets, a detailed analysis of PTFE-Mg-based reactive material, such as reaction energy, burning rate, combustion temperature field, reaction overpressure, was conducted. Our work provides a comprehensive understanding of energy release performance of the reactive materials and damage behavior of the energetic bullets.

Single Atoms Catalysts (SACs) have emerged as a class of highly promising heterogeneous catalysts, where the traditional bottom-up synthesis approaches often encounter considerable challenges in relation to aggregation issues and poor stability. Consequently, achieving densely dispersed atomic species in a reliable and efficient manner remains a key focus in the field. Herein, we report a new facile electrochemical knock-down strategy for the formation of SACs, whereby the metal Zn clusters are transformed into single atoms. While a defect-rich substrate plays a pivotal role in capturing and stabilizing isolated Zn atoms, the feasibility of this novel strategy is demonstrated through a comprehensive investigation, combining experimental and theoretical studies. Furthermore, when studied in exploring for potential applications, the material prepared shows a remarkable improvement of 58.21% for the Li+storage and delivers a capacity over 300 Wh kg–1after 500 cycles upon the transformation of Zn clusters into single atoms.

This study demonstrates the conceptual design and fabrication of a vertically integrated monolithic (VIM) neuromorphic device. The device comprises an n-type SnO2nanowire bottom channel connected by a shared gate to a p-type P3HT nanowire top channel. This architecture establishes two distinct neural pathways with different response behaviors. The device generates excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents, mimicking the corelease mechanism of bilingual synapses. To enhance the signal processing efficiency, we employed a bipolar spike encoding strategy to convert fluctuating sensory signals to spike trains containing positive and negative pulses. Utilizing the neuromorphic platform for synaptic processing, physiological signals featuring bidirectional fluctuations, including electrocardiogram and breathing signals, can be classified with an accuracy of over 90%. The VIM device holds considerable promise as a solution for developing highly integrated neuromorphic hardware for healthcare and edge intelligence applications.

The effects of temperature and strain rate on the deformation microstructure and hardness of Al–Zn eutectoid damping alloy was systematically investigated. The results show that the deformed alloy is mainly composed of eutectoid structure with η-Zn distributing on α-Al matrix. There are two forms of η-Zn particles in the eutectoid structure of the deformed alloy. The first type of η-Zn particles (η-ZnI) have relatively large sizes and display irregular morphology; another type of η-Zn particles (η-ZnII) have relatively small sizes and are characterized by dispersion distribution. There exist predominant η-ZnIparticles at lower temperature and higher strain rate while dominant η-ZnIIparticles at higher temperature and lower strain rate. The hardness of the Al–Zn eutectoid damping alloy shows an overall rising trend with increase in temperature and decrease in strain rate. In particular, the highest hardness values (up to 113.07 HB) are obtained at 648 K/0.01 s−1.

As intelligent technology surges forward, wearable electronics have emerged as versatile tools for monitoring health and sensing our surroundings. Among these advancements, porous triboelectric materials have garnered significant attention for their lightness. However, these materials face the challenge of improving structural stability to further enhance the sensing accuracy of triboelectric sensors. In this study, a lightweight and strong porous cellulosic triboelectric material is designed by cell wall nanoengineering. By tailoring of the cell wall structure, the material shows a high mechanical strength of 51.8 MPa. The self-powered sensor constructed by this material has a high sensitivity of 33.61 kPa–1, a fast response time of 36 ms, and excellent pressure detection durability. Notably, the sensor still enables a high sensing performance after the porous cellulosic triboelectric material exposure to 200 °C and achieves real-time feedback of human motion, thereby demonstrating great potential in the field of wearable electronic devices.

Intrinsically stretchable electronics with skin-like mechanical properties have been identified as a promising platform for emerging applications ranging from continuous physiological monitoring to real-time analysis of health conditions, to closed-loop delivery of autonomous medical treatment1–7. However, current technologies could only reach electrical performance at amorphous-silicon level (that is, charge-carrier mobility of about 1 cm2V−1s−1), low integration scale (for example, 54 transistors per circuit) and limited functionalities8–11. Here we report high-density, intrinsically stretchable transistors and integrated circuits with high driving ability, high operation speed and large-scale integration. They were enabled by a combination of innovations in materials, fabrication process design, device engineering and circuit design. Our intrinsically stretchable transistors exhibit an average field-effect mobility of more than 20 cm2V−1s−1under 100% strain, a device density of 100,000 transistors per cm2, including interconnects and a high drive current of around 2 μA μm−1at a supply voltage of 5 V. Notably, these achieved parameters are on par with state-of-the-art flexible transistors based on metal-oxide, carbon nanotube and polycrystalline silicon materials on plastic substrates12–14. Furthermore, we realize a large-scale integrated circuit with more than 1,000 transistors and a stage-switching frequency greater than 1 MHz, for the first time, to our knowledge, in intrinsically stretchable electronics. Moreover, we demonstrate a high-throughput braille recognition system that surpasses human skin sensing ability, enabled by an active-matrix tactile sensor array with a record-high density of 2,500 units per cm2, and a light-emitting diode display with a high refreshing speed of 60 Hz and excellent mechanical robustness. The above advancements in device performance have substantially enhanced the abilities of skin-like electronics.

Titanium-magnesium (Ti–Mg) composites have attracted increasing interest recently due to their partial degradability and excellent mechanical properties, which offers a new promise for medical bone implant and repair materials. Here we present a Ti–Mg composite fabricated by pressureless infiltration of pure Mg melt into the 3D-printed pure Ti scaffold. The spatially controllable distribution of phase structure and topology of Mg was achieved by 3D printing technology. The electrochemical corrosion and in vitro degradation behavior of Ti–Mg composite were investigated. The results exhibited that the composite's in vitro degradation rate in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution was faster in the first 48 h due to the influence of galvanic corrosion. After 14 days of immersion, the Mg inside the composite was completely degraded, and the porous Ti maintained its structural integrity throughout the in vitro degradation phase. Additionally, the electrochemical results show that the Ti–Mg composite is more susceptible to corrosion than pure Mg. The overall OCP of the composite tended to increase with increasing immersion time. During the first 24 h of immersion, the impedance value gradually increased due to the thickening of the corrosion product layer. Subsequently, the impedance started to decrease gradually after 3 days of immersion due to the thinning of the Mg(OH)2film with the continuous degradation of Mg. This study may offer a theoretical reference for the feasibility of partially degradable Ti–Mg composites for long-term bone implants.

Different from additive or subtractive manufacturing, iso-material manufacturing (also named isovolumetric manufacturing) was proposed in this work by laser surface melting (LSM), aiming at enhancing resistance to corrosion and cavitation erosion (CE) of 304 stainless steel. Experimental results showed that partial austenite transformed into martensite after LSM. The corrosion resistance of LSMed sample was improved. LSMed sample exhibited enhanced CE resistance, and was 2.5 and 2 times that of untreated sample in deionised water and 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, respectively. The passivation film for LSMed sample exhibited a high re-passive and self-repairing ability of passivation film. LSMed sample in this study exhibits a high or comparable corrosion and CE resistance in comparison with samples prepared by other fabrication method reported previously.

The traditional process can not fit the four‐edge curved polarizer. An integrated laminating process and new flexible material are used to laminate the four‐edge curved polarizer, and the laminating of the polarizer is realized without wrinkles, bubbles and cracks. Meanwhile, the appearance and optics can pass the reliability test.

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a vital glycosaminoglycan in living organisms, possesses remarkable mechanical and viscoelastic properties that have garnered significant attention in therapeutic, biomedical, and cosmetic applications. However, a comprehensive picture of the physicochemical and biocharacterization of HA at the single-molecule level remains elusive. In this work, atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were used to investigate the nanomechanics and water retention properties of HA at the single-molecule level. The present study aims to unravel the intricate details of the influence of molecular structure on HA behavior and shed light on its unique attributes. According to the force measurements, the energy used to stretch a HA chain in water is 8.45 kJ/mol, significantly surpassing that of Curdlan (3.45 kJ/mol) and chitin (2.23 kJ/mol), both of which possess molecular structures partially similar to that of HA. Intriguingly, the strength of the intrachain interaction of HA (5.54 kJ/mol) was considerably weaker compared to Curdlan (11.06 kJ/mol) and chitin (or cellulose, 10.76 kJ/mol). This result indicates that HA exhibits a preference for interacting with water rather than with itself, thereby showing enhanced water affinity. Moreover, the force measurements demonstrated that changing the glycosidic bond from β-(1–3) (Curdlan) or β-(1–4) (chitin or cellulose) to β-(1–3) + β-(1–4) (HA) resulted in polysaccharides displaying improved water affinity and more extended conformation. These conclusions were further verified by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Overall, our work sheds new light on the nanomechanics and water retention properties of HA at the single-molecule level, offering valuable insights for future research in this field.