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To prepare anion exchange membranes with high water electrolysis and single fuel cell performance, an inorganic–organic composite (IOC) strategy with click cross-linked membranes coated with different contents of hydrophilic polar nanozirconia is proposed to fabricate composite membranes (CM) PBP-SH-Zrx. The performance test results showed that the CM PBP-SH-Zr4 not only has good through-plane ionic conductivity (167.7 mS cm–1, 80 °C), but also exhibits satisfactory dimensional stability (SR 16.5%, WU 206.4%, 80 °C), especially demonstrating excellent alkaline stability with only 16% degradation (2 M NaOH for 2200 h). In water electrolysis, the “microgap” between the membrane and catalyst layer (solid–solid interface) is alleviated, and the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) interfacial compatibility (liquid–solid–solid interface) is enhanced. The CM PBP-SH-Zr4 showed the lowest charge transfer resistance (Rct, 0.037 Ω cm2) and a high current density of 2.5 A cm–2at 2.2 V, while the voltage drop was 0.361 mV h–1after 360 h of endurance (six start–stop cycles) at 60 °C and 500 mA cm–2, proving a good water electrolysis durability. Moreover, an acceptable peak power density of 0.464 W cm–2at 80 °C is achieved in a H2/O2fuel cell with a PBP-SH-Zr4-AEM. Therefore, the IOC strategy can enhance the membrane’s comprehensive performance and interface compatibility of MEA and may promote the development of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for water electrolysis and fuel cells.

In order to improve the mechanical and water electrolysis performance of anion exchange membranes (AEMs), we adjusted the ratio between p-terphenyl and m-terphenyl to balance the backbone conformation, which gives it a better suitability for a better combination with cations. The results showed that poly(m-terphenyl-co-p-terphenyl)-based AEMs have excellent mechanical properties. Among them, the m-p-TP-40-BOP-ASU membrane has the highest tensile strength and elongation at break (75.72 MPa and 16.07%). The ionic conductivity reaches 137.14 mS cm–1at 80 °C owing to the fact that efficient ion-conducting channels are formed by well-balanced molecular structures. The current density of the m-p-TP-40-BOP-ASU membrane reached 1.96 A cm–2(1 M KOH aq, 2.0 V and 60 °C). After testing for 112 h under a current density of 500 mA cm–2, the voltage increased by 102 mV compared to the initial electrolysis voltage. All results have shown that m-p-TP-x-BOP-ASU has excellent electrolysis performance and electrochemical durability and has a promising application prospect in AEM water electrolyzers.

Aiming to realize the accurate in situ monitoring of heat flux passing through the hot-end components of air vehicle, a embedded thick film thermopile heat flux sensor (ETFTP) was proposed. First, a wished ETFTP structure was designed, which consists of eight 300- $\mu \text{m}$ -thick polyimide (PI) thermal insulators embedded in the substrate, a PI dielectric layer, 80 pairs of platinum–silver (Pt–Ag) thermocouples and an outer PI encapsulation layer. Then, it was conformally prepared on flat and curved aluminum alloy substrates by laser etching combined with laser microcladding (LE-LMC) technologies. Furthermore, the morphology, interfacial characteristic, and performance of the ETFTP were systematically analyzed. The results show that all the heterogeneous interfaces in the ETFTP are tightly bonded, in which the bonding strength between PI film and aluminum alloy substrate is 10.7 ± 3 MPa and that between Ag/Pt electrodes and PI dielectric layer reaches 5 and 4 B level, respectively. Meanwhile, the Ag and Pt thermal electrodes are well sintered by LMC without damaging the PI layer beneath them, and no obvious elemental interdiffusion is detected at the Pt–Ag thermojunctions. The calibration results show that the ETFTP possesses a large output thermoelectric voltage and sensitivity, reaching 1.56 mV and 1.7 $\times \,\,10^{-{2}}$ mV/(kW $\cdot \text{m}^{-{2}}$ ) at an input heat flux of 113.55 kW/ $\text{m}^{{2}}$ , respectively. Besides, it shows good stability and fast dynamic response time (0.30–0.32 s).

Meta-analysis was performed on 3 multicenter, multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to evaluate efficacy and safety of the [Alpha]-glucosidase inhibitor, miglitol (MIG), in combination with metformin (MET) or MET plus [...]

In this paper, a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber is designed to achieve a single-polarization filter that has a broadband filtering property. The D-shaped structure is a triangular array of air holes, forming a micro-opening on the side-polished surface and plating a gold layer thereon. The investigation of the polarization filter is based on the finite element method; its principle is surface plasmon resonance. The single-polarization filter in the y direction is realized by adjusting parameters such as the apertures of the fiber, the thickness of the gold layer, and the polishing depth. The confinement loss of the core mode in y polarization reaches to a high value of 376.31 dB/cm at 1.55 μm, and that of the x polarization is 0.17 dB/cm; the former is 2225.35 times the latter. When the fiber length L is 1 mm, the crosstalk reaches a peak value of 326.7 dB at 1.55 μm, and the bandwidth of crosstalk higher than 20 dB is 480 nm. In addition, the external gold coating operation is more conducive to application in the manufacturing process. This filter will be an effective application of the optical communication window near 1.55 μm.

The present paper studied the chitosan-doped composite diaphragm by the phase exchange method with the objective of developing a composite diaphragm that complies with the alkaline water electrolysis requirements, as well as tested the electrolytic performance of the diaphragm in alkaline water electrolysis. The structure and morphology are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The performance of chitosan-doped composite diaphragms was tested; CS3Z12composite diaphragm with a low area resistance (0.20 Ω cm2), a high bubble point pressure (2.75 bar), and excellent electrochemical performance (current density of 650 mA cm–2at 1.83 V) shows the best performance. Moreover, the performance of the synthesized composite diaphragm is significantly elevated compared to commercial diaphragms (Zirfon PERL), which is promising for practical application in alkaline electrolytic cells.

In this paper, laser micro-cladding technology (LMC) was conducted to prepare high-temperature Pt thick film sensors in situ. The formability, microstructure, sintering mechanism, and electrical properties of the LMCed Pt thick films were first studied systematically. Results indicated that with the increase of laser power density, the sintering degree of the Pt thick film increased obviously, improving its adhesion strength and reducing its resistivity. However, when the laser power density exceeded the threshold, holes or grooves were formed in the Pt film, leading to the degeneration of its properties. A Pt thick film with good adhesion strength, excellent conductive networks, and the minimum resistivity (46 ± 2 μΩ·cm) was obtained at a laser power density of 1.37 × 106W·cm–2. Then, Pt thick film temperature sensors (including Pt thermal resistance temperature (RTD) and Pt–Pt10%Rh thermocouple sensors) were conformally prepared by LMC. Their temperature-sensing performance became stable after the initial high-temperature calibration, with a linearity of 0.9985 for the RTD with a TCR of 2.46 × 10–3/°C (at 920 °C) and a linearity of 0.9905 for the thermocouple with a Seebeck coefficient of 9.7 μV/°C, both of which are better than that made by direct DC magnetron sputtering deposition. Therefore, this work provides a novel feasible way to conformally integrate high-performance Pt film sensors in situ.

We conducted a systematic review of randomized, controlled, monotherapy trials since 1990 of oral antihypertensive agents in patients with essential hypertension. Our objective was to quantify the frequency of discontinuation of antihypertensive agents due to adverse events from a meta‐analysis of the studies. A total of 190 studies met inclusion criteria. The highest frequency of discontinuations due to adverse events (DAEs) occurred with calcium channel blockers (6.7%) and α‐adrenergic blockers (6.0%); the lowest with diuretics and angiotensin receptor blockers (each 3.1%). Only in calcium channel blocker studies was the frequency of DAEs greater in treated patients than in patients receiving placebo, but the difference was not significant. This systematic review suggests that the frequency of DAEs in monotherapy antihypertensive trials varies across drug classes and should be considered when choosing drugs for patients with essential hypertension.

This systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to determine whether reduction mammaplasty improves measurable outcomes in women with breast hypertrophy. A systematic review of the literature in 5 languages from 1985 until March 1999 was performed, and data were compared for meta-analysis. Eligible studies were both experimental and observational and involved women with preoperative physical and/or psychosocial signs and symptoms who underwent reduction mammaplasty for breast hypertrophy. Outcomes assessed were postoperative physical signs and symptoms such as shoulder pain, shoulder (bra strap) grooving, and quality-of-life domains, such as physical and psychological functioning, and were expressed primarily as risk differences (RDs). Twenty-nine studies of 4173 patients met all eligibility criteria. Reduction mammaplasty was associated with a statistically significant improvement in physical signs and symptoms involving shoulder pain (RD, 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.62-0.80]); shoulder grooving (RD, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.60-0.78]); upper/lower back pain (RD, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.48-0.70]); neck pain (RD, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.37-0.64]); intertrigo (RD, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.34-0.54]); breast pain (RD, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.17-0.55]); headache (RD, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.11-0.46]); and pain/numbness in the hands (RD, 0.11 [95% CI, 0.04-0.18]). The quality-of-life parameter of physical functioning was also statistically significant (RD, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.44-0.71]), while psychological functioning was not significant (RD, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.00-1.00]). The evidence suggests that women undergoing reduction mammaplasty for breast hypertrophy have significant postoperative improvement in preoperative signs and symptoms, quality of life, or both.

Solar radiation is an important environmental factor influencing seed yield in soybean [Glycine max(L). Merr.]. Our objective was to analyze the response of soybean seed yield components to light enrichment initiated at different growth stages. Light enrichment was imposed on the indeterminate soybean cultivars Altona and Evans by installing wire mesh fencing on either side of the center row to push the adjacent rows aside at different growth stages. Fences prevented plants in the neighboring rows from encroaching on the growing space of the center row plants. Pod number per plant and to a lesser extent seed size accounted for variation in seed yield. Light enrichment initiated at late vegetative or early flowering stages increased seed yield 144 to 252%, mainly by increasing pod number, while light enrichment beginning at early pod formation increased seed size 8 to 23%, resulting in a 32 to 115% increase in seed yield. Responses to light enrichment occurred proportionately across all node positions despite the differences in the time (15–20 d) of development of yield components at the different node positions. Although maximum seed size may be under genetic control in soybean plants, our results suggested seed size can still be modified by the environment with some internal control moderating the final size of most seeds in all pods. It indicates that plants are able to redistribute the available resources to components not yet determined, in an attempt to maintain or improve yield.

•TLR2 and TLR13 were firstly identified from the endangered fish Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus).•Sequence features of TLR2 and TLR13 were analyzed.•Expression patterns of TLR2 and TLR13 in normal tissues of sturgeon were analyzed.•Expression patterns of TLR2 and TLR13 in the primary HK leucocytes following PAMPs stimulation were analyzed.

The coupling characteristics of a gold-coated side-polished photonic crystal fiber based on surface plasmon resonance are simulated. The resonant points undergo a blue-shift unexpectedly when the refractive indices of the analytes range from 1.32 to 1.50, and a negative sensitivity is observed in the sensing scheme. The wavelength and amplitude are investigated to characterize the device. The highest negative wavelength sensitivity is ?40,400 nm/RIU with a resolution of 2.48 × 10?6RIU, and the corresponding amplitude sensitivity is as high as ?1,246.47 RIU?1with a resolution of 8.02 × 10?6RIU. The sensor shows excellent performance that is comparable to previous reports.