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Distribution network of smart grid imposes higher requirement on data processing of next-generation consumer electronics devices. Container-based cloud-edge-device collaboration improves quality of service (QoS) by flexible data offloading and parallel data processing. However, the matching among consumer electronics devices, servers, and containers, and container competition further complicates the problem. In this paper, we propose three-dimensional learning-matching-based joint selection algorithm of server and container for multi-service data processing. The formulated problem is firstly reduced to a two-dimensional problem by combination-based dimension reduction. Then, it is solved by the proposed dynamic learning-matching price rising mechanism based on service priority, data size, and upper confidence bound. By avoiding low-priority service preempting container resources of high-priority service, simulation results validate that the proposed algorithm has superior delay reduction performance.

Abstract: This paper presents a unified framework, called multiRegionFoam, for solving multiphysics problems of the multi-region coupling type within OpenFOAM (FOAM-extend). It is intended to supersede the existing solver with the same name. The design of the new framework is modular, allowing users to assemble a multiphysics problem region-by-region and coupling conditions interface-by-interface. The present approach allows users to choose between deploying either monolithic or partitioned interface coupling for each individual transport equation. The formulation of boundary conditions is generalised in the sense that their implementation is based on the mathematical jump/transmission conditions in the most general form for tensors of any rank. The present contribution focuses on the underlying mathematical model for interface coupled multiphysics problems, as well as on the software design and resulting code structure that enable a flexible and modular approach. Finally, deployment for different multi-region coupling cases is demonstrated, including conjugate heat, multiphase flows and fuel-cells. Source code: multiRegionFoam v1.1 [1], repository https://bitbucket.org/hmarschall/multiregionfoam/. Article highlights:

A novel multiphysics framework, called multiRegionFoam, has been developed for solving multi-region coupled problems in OpenFOAM.

The design of the framework allows for a modular multiphysics setup with freedom of choice on the coupling strategy (partitioned vs. monolithic).

Extension of the general transport equation by interface conditions enables a unified coupling approach.

Effects of rare-earth element (Y) addition on the microstructure and hardness of CoFeNiMnV high entropy alloy (HEA) were investigated. The result confirmed the as-cast CoFeNiMnV HEA as a single-crystal solid-solution in the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. After Y-alloying, the CoFeNiMnVY0.2alloy was solidified into dendritic (DR) and interdendritic (ID) structures based on the theory of liquid phase separation. It could be concluded that the DR regions showed FCC structure, whereas the ID regions with Ni, Y enrichments consisted of hexagonal (CaCu5type) and tetragonal (Mn12Y type) structured phases. The phase formation in CoFeNiMnVY0.2alloy verified the reported phase prediction criteria of Ω − δand δ− Δχ. The hardness of as-cast CoFeNiMnVY0.2HEA was significantly increased due to the formation of interdendritic intermetallic compounds. The dramatic coarsening of dendritic grains and the decreasing of dislocation density resulted in the decline of hardness in CoFeNiMnVY0.2alloy after homogenizing treatment.

Fuel cells/electrolyzers are efficient and clean electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy directly into electricity and vice versa. They have attracted sustainable attention over the past decade from multiple experimental and numerical studies. However, detailed experimental investigations are typically expensive and challenging for providing a number of operating conditions and designs. Computational analysis offers an alternative approach for these studies. With the steadily increasing high-performance computing resources available, the limitations of numerical simulations have substantially decreased. This contribution details the design choice and code structure of modern electrochemical devices, which have been implemented as a versatile C++ library named openFuelCell2 within the open-source platform OpenFOAM, allowing for large-scale parallel calculations to be performed. The solver considers the major transport phenomena in a typical electrochemical device, including fluid flow, heat and mass transfer, species and charge transfer, and electrochemical reaction. This enables numerical simulations on popular electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells and electrolyzers, to be conducted. The paper also describes the domain decomposition, and parallel performance issues, as well as future applications. Program Title: openFuelCell2 CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/cvmb5xgy7h.1 Developer's repository link: https://github.com/openFuelCell2/openFuelCell2 Licensing provisions: GPLv3 Programming language: C++ Journal reference of previous version: S.B. Beale, H.-W. Choi, J.G. Pharoah, H.K. Roth, H. Jasak, D.H. Jeon, Open-source computational model of a solid oxide fuel cell, Computer Physics Communications 200 (2016) 15–26. Does the new version supersede the previous version?: No Reasons for new version: This new version aims to account for additional electrochemical applications. Summary of revisions: The new version employs new code structure designs and is capable of considering two different electric potential fields and two-phase flows. Nature of problem: This software library provides a set of models for simulating electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells and electrolyzers, as well as other similar devices. These systems consist of multiple components with distinct features but are coupled through properties such as temperature, species concentrations, and electric current/potentials. This software utilizes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach to enable the simulation of multiregion and multiphysics problems, accounting for heat and mass transfer, single and two-phase flow, multicomponent diffusion, electron and ion transfer, and electrochemical reactions. This toolbox provides researchers with a powerful tool for studying electrochemical devices in a comprehensive and efficient manner. Solution method: This software utilizes the finite volume method (FVM) to discretize and solve all conserved variables governed by partial differential equations. It employs a variant of the SIMPLE and PISO algorithms, known as PIMPLE, to solve the pressure-velocity coupling. All of the transport equations are solved sequentially, except for the enthalpy equation which is solved in an implicitly coupled manner within the global domain. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: • The two-phase flow consists of continuous and dispersed phases, without resolving the phase interfaces. • The two-phase flow is solved with an Eulerian-Eulerian approach. • A local-time-stepping method was typically used in the two-phase solution. • The electrochemical reactions take place in volumetric regions. • Species diffusion is described by Fick's law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution highlights selected current activities of the SOC development at Forschungszentrum Jülich. Continued efforts are being made to gain a better understanding of degradation process in our cells and stacks. New materials are being developed to mitigate known degradation phenomena. Systems development was directed at the improvement of reversible operation, especially in electrolysis mode. On cell and stack level investigation of electrolysis operation was also intensified, focusing on CO2-valorization.

This study describes a homogenized model of reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC) stacks. The model enables steady-state simulations of rSOC stacks in both fuel cell and electrolyzer modes to be conducted. It accounts for multi-component species diffusion, and heat and mass transfer, including thermal radiation and electrochemical reactions. An open-source library, OpenFOAM, provides a platform for the model's implementation. Numerical simulations were performed using an in-house-designed rSOC stack. A previously-developed, one-dimensional Simulink model was also applied to the stack. Both models predict similar output voltages, within 2% difference, under the same operating conditions. Temperature variations were also compared; the stack model's results were closer to experimental measurements than the Simulink model. The new model was able to perform faster simulations (less than 2 hours) for the prescribed stacks.

ABSTRACTLncRNA AFAP1-AS1 has been corroborated to function in diverse cancers. Our aim was to investigate the molecular mechanism of AFAP1-AS1 in PTX resistance in PCa. The levels of AFAP1-AS1, miR-195-5p, and FKBP1A were checked by qRT-PCR. 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay was employed to assess the resistance of PTX-resistant PCa cells to PTX. Flow cytometry was introduced to evaluate cell apoptosis. The protein levels of C-caspase 3 were determined by western blot. The starBase was used to predict the interaction between miR-195-5p and AFAP1-AS1. Xenograft tumor model was established to investigate the biological role of AFAP1-AS1 in PTX resistance in vivo. The levels of AFAP1-AS1 and FKBP1A were upregulated in PCa tissues and cells, as well as PTX-resistant PCa cells, while the expression of miR-195-5p was declined. Knockdown of AFAP1-AS1 promoted the sensitivity of PTX-resistant PCa cells to PTX, induced apoptosis of PTX-resistant PCa cells, whereas the impacts could be reversed by reducing the expression of miR-195-5p. FKBP1A overexpression could rescue the effects of miR-195-5p-mediated enhancement on the sensitivity of PTX-resistant PCa cells to PTX, promotion on apoptosis of PTX-resistant PCa cells. AFAP1-AS1 interacted with miR-195-5p and miR-195-5p could bind to the 3ʹUTR of FKBP1A. AFAP1-AS1 silencing inhibited the tumor growth in mice implanted with PC3-TXR cell. The protein level of PCNA was decreased in PC3-TXR cells transfected with sh-AFAP1-AS1, while the expression of C-caspase 3 was upregulated. AFAP1-AS1 silencing attenuated the resistance of PTX-resistant PCa cells to PTX by downregulating FKBP1A via sponging miR-195-5p.

In this paper, two distinct polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack models are constructed: a detailed numerical model (DNM) employing a fine-scale computational mesh and a coarse-mesh approach based on a distributed resistance analogy (DRA) where diffusion terms in the transport equations are replaced by rate terms. Both methods are applied to a 5-cell, high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack with an active area of 200 cm2 per cell. The polarization curve and local current density distributions from both the DRA and DNM are compared with experimental data, finding good agreement. Temperature, pressure, Nernst potential, and species distributions are also exhibited. The DNM displays details of fine-scale local extrema not captured by the DRA; however, the latter requires orders of magnitude less computer processor power and memory for execution. Both methods provide much finer-scale results than present experimental techniques.

This study presents a novel model for investigating the microstructural evolution of nickel (Ni), yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), and gas phases in a solid oxide cell (SOC), and its effects on cell performance. The triple-phase-boundary (TPB), which is the interface between the three phases, plays a crucial role in the electrochemical reaction of the SOC. However, during operation, nickel particles coarsen or migrate, leading to the redistribution of the TPB. To study this phenomenon, a phase field method was utilized to simulate the fuel electrode's detailed structure, and an approach was developed to track the TPB lines (TPBl) and voxels (TPBv). The study then employed the open-source computational fluid dynamics library, OpenFOAM, to simulate the half-cell performance. The results provide a detailed understanding of the dynamics of the TPB and its impact on multiphysical transport phenomena.

Forschungszentrum Jülich has been involved in the research and development of SOCs for more than 30 years. In this work, selected highlights on material, cell, stack and system development are presented, whereas improving performance and understanding degradation phenomena were in the focus. On cell level, operation in steam, co-electrolysis as well as pure CO2electrolysis mode was researched. A hierarchical degradation model framework was developed that relates changes at the level of electrode particles to changes in electrode structure, resulting materials properties and overall lifetime-performance. On stack level, progress in clarification and optimization of performance and lifetime relevant processes was made. The role of contaminants, foremost silicon species and sulfur dioxide in feed gases, was investigated to support technical applications. On system level, an rSOC system with an output power of 10 kW in fuel cell mode and an input power of 40 kW in electrolysis mode was developed.

•The LACSs complement of maize were identified and systematically characterized through phylogenetic, structural, and expression analyses.•ZmLACS9loss-of-expression mutation resulted in decreased chlorophyll content and fewer thylakoid grana layers compared to the wild type.•Under heat stress, the zmlacs9mutant exhibited a more sensitive phenotype, more damage to chloroplasts, lower photosynthetic rate, and higher reactive oxygen species accumulation than WT plants.

This work describes a recently-developed numerical model for three-dimensional, steady-state simulations of reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC) stacks, taking into account a heterogeneous temperature field. The model employs a volume-averaged approach, also referred to as the distributed resistance analogy. It considers fluid flow, multi-component species diffusion, as well as heat and mass transfer, including thermal radiation and electrochemical reactions. The implementation of the computational model is based on an open-source library, OpenFOAM. An in-house designed rSOC stack, Mark-H is considered. Simulations are performed for repeating units with a 320 cm2active area, with both the present stack model and a one-dimensional Simulink model. Both models predict very similar voltages, with a maximum difference of 2% compared to experimental results. The present model shows a temperature distribution closer to the experimental data than the Simulink model, although a slightly longer simulation time is required.

The article discusses difficult investing options facing Chinese consumers. In April, 2010 China's inflation rate exceeded the interest paid on bank deposits. High property values have priced many people out of the real-estate market. Returns from stocks may not prove attractive if, as some believe, China's economy is due to slow down.

The article reports on the outstanding performance of Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2009. The Nikkei newspaper has cited that Shanghai overtook Tokyo Stock Exchange Group Inc. in the global ranking, in references with the World Federation of Exchanges. It estimates that Shanghai's shares worth 5.01 trillion dollars compared with 4.07 trillion dollars on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 2009. It cites that the reason behind the turnover is the increased new share sales.

The article reports that China CNR Corp, rail and subway cars manufacturer of China had an unsatisfactory listing debut in Shanghai, China. Its initial public offering (IPO) price was 5.56 yuan and increased to 5.69 yuan, a rise of 2.3 percent. It informs that CNR became the second company to have less than 10 percent rise on the first day in 2009. The company was reorganized from state owned China Northern Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry (Group) Corp. in 2008.