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• Supramolecular dispersion facilitates effective organic-inorganic configuration. • Multiscale-crosslinked coatings show pronounced mechanical properties. • The coatings present excellent antimicrobial and antibiofilm performance. • The coatings have robust resistance to microbial-influenced corrosion. • Mechanisms include bacteria destruction, ROS formation, and topology shielding. Surface-adhering biofilms contribute significantly to irreversible biofouling and corrosion, presenting a multi-trillion-dollar annual problem in public health and industry. Strategies employing antibacterial elements are emerging to fabricate multifunctional coatings that effectively combat such microbially produced damage. However, rapid, reliable, and robust surface engineering remains challenging due to stability limitations and intricate anti-biofilm additive dynamics. Herein, a silver-capsule-conjugated polyurethane coating with high stability and antimicrobial efficacy in a cooperative manner is developed through controlled supramolecular self-assembly. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-mediated molecule entanglement breaks through the incompatibility between polymeric components and nanomaterials, strengthening the dispersion and fixation of encapsulated silver nanoparticles. The facilitation and control of the nanoscale interfacial binding significantly suppresses the aggregation of inorganic nanoparticles and consequent microcracks development, giving rise to mechanical robustness and thermal stability of the hybrid coating under extreme conditions. A synergistic combination of exposed residues, electrostatic, and coordination interactions could readily integrate the resultant coating on virtually arbitrary material surfaces. This composite coating exhibits broad-spectrum and high bactericidal efficiencies of 99.99 % against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , as well as excellent biofilm formation suppression. Moreover, our coating has robust resistance to microbial-influenced corrosion (MIC) and can even endure 720 h of salt spray. This study deciphers a general code for creating stable and durable nanohybrid coatings to mitigate microbially related risks. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rubber plantations are an important component of tropical forest ecosystems and are emerging as crucial contributors to carbon sequestration in the tropics. However, ecosystem respiration (RECO), which constitutes an essential constraint on the carbon fixation capacity of rubber plantations, and its driving mechanisms remains unclear. Therefore, this study developed a data-driven semi-empirical model to simulate rubber plantations RECO utilising eddy covariance flux measurements and was upscaled to Hainan Island using remote sensing images and climatic data. Numerical simulations experiments analysed direct and indirect of climatic factors impacts on rubber plantations RECO. The results showed that the model accurately captured RECO trends and seasonality (R2= 0.87, RMSE = 1.27 g C m−2d−1); in the past 19 years, RECO showed a noticeable increase, particularly in the late rainy season and the seasonality of RECO has shown a delayed pattern. The RECO in the central region (52% area) exhibited multimodal enhancement while northern and southern regions (37% area) showed oscillations or decreases. Temporally, RECO is higher in the rainy season compared to the dry season, and spatially, RECO is higher in the southern region than in the northern region. Among the climatic factors, water conditions (rainfall and air humidity) have been emerged as dominant factors (5.38%) influencing RECO, surpassing temperature (3.96%) and radiation (3.81%). In addition, climatic factors make a positive overall contribution during the dry season but perform oppositely in the rainy season. This study offers theoretical and technical insights into high carbon sink management in rubber plantations and carbon sequestration in tropical forests ecosystems.

The embryonic mesoderm comprises heterogeneous cell subpopulations with distinct lineage biases. It is unclear whether a bias for the human hematopoietic lineage emerges at this early developmental stage. In this study, we integrated single-cell transcriptomic analyses of human mesoderm cells from embryonic stem cells and embryos, enabling us to identify and define the molecular features of human hematopoietic mesoderm (HM) cells biased towards hematopoietic lineages. We discovered that BMP4 plays an essential role in HM specification and can serve as a marker for HM cells. Mechanistically, BMP4 acts as a downstream target of HDAC1, which modulates the expression of BMP4 by deacetylating its enhancer. Inhibition of HDAC significantly enhances HM specification and promotes subsequent hematopoietic cell differentiation. In conclusion, our study identifies human HM cells and describes new mechanisms for human hematopoietic development.

In this work, Mn-doped BiFeO3 (BFMO) is employed as the functional layer of the memristor, and the resistive properties of the BFMO-based conductive filament-type memristors are modulated by altering the bottom electrode material (SrRuO3 and TiN) of the device and designing the oxygen-deficient and oxygen-reserving interfaces. Compared to Au/BFMO/SRO memristors with the oxygen-deficient interface, the cycling stability, ON/ OFF ratio, retention properties, endurance performances, and multivalue characteristics of Au/BFMO/TiN memristors are improved significantly by introducing oxygen-reserving interfaces. In addition, BFMO memristors with oxygen-reserving interface show lower nonlinearity factors of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) and demonstrate higher recognition accuracy of 98.82% in convolutional neural network (CNN) for the Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwriting recognition. Furthermore, considering different line resistances between the two BFMO-based memristors, a 128 $\times $ 128 array was involved to investigate the influences of the line resistance problem on IR-drop and network recognition accuracy.

As a new form of agricultural organization, agro-industrialized unions (AIUs) have shown strong effectiveness. Based on data from Hebei Province in China, the triple-hurdle model was used to analyze the impact of the governance structure and perceived interests on satisfaction from three stages. The main findings are: (1) Satisfaction with the AIU was affected by the governance structure and perceived interests. The former significantly impacted the final satisfaction, whereas the latter had significantly positive effects in all three stages. (2) Among the perceived interest factors, operating ability, interest sharing, and risk defense influenced attitude to whether performance had improved. (3) Attitude toward satisfaction was affected by the perceptions of operating ability and benefit sharing, whereas the overall satisfaction was influenced by benefit-sharing and risk-defense ability. Policy recommendations were suggested to strengthen the close bonds among AIU members at last.

In this paper, we further verify the validity of the quantum partial adiabatic search algorithm which was initialized in the previous related works by revisiting its quantum circuit model. The main results got here are as follows. When considering implementing quantum partial adiabatic evolution on a quantum circuit, a correction is given for the time slice estimation for the first stage during this approximation in the previous related works, new evidence is provided for a time complexity cost O(N/M)of quantum partial adiabatic algorithm is impossible, and the correct time complexity O(N/M)of it is emphasized once more according to its circuit correspondence, in which Nis the total number of elements in the search problem of which Mof them are the marked ones. The findings exposed are hopeful for revisiting quantum partial adiabatic evolution and its connection with the quantum circuit model.

Visual tracking is an important area in computer vision. Based on the Siamese network, current tracking methods employ the self‐attention block in convolutional networks to extract semantic features containing the image structure information of an object. However, spatial continuity is a point of contradiction between two seemingly unrelated challenges, that is, occlusion and similar distractor, in tracking methods. At the same time, it is a spatially discontinuous task to locate a target reappearing after occlusion accurately. The prediction of bounding boxes should be constrained by spatial continuity to prevent them from jumping into similar distractors. This study proposes a novel tracking method for introducing spatial continuity in visual tracking called M‐CoTransT; the novel tracking method is developed through the confidence‐based adaptive Markov motion model (M‐model) and a novel correlation‐based feature fusion network (CoTransT). In particular, the M‐model provides confidence for the nodes of the Markov motion model to estimate the motion state continuity. It also predicts a more accurate search region for CoTransT, which then adds a cross‐correlation branch into the self‐attention tracking network to enhance the continuity of target appearance in the feature space. Extensive experiments on five challenging datasets (LaSOT, GOT‐10k, TrackingNet, OTB‐2015 and UAV123) demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed M‐CoTransT in visual tracking.

As basic cutting element of PDC bit, PDC cutters play crucial roles in breaking rocks for PDC bit. Conventional PDC cutter usually gets broken when drilling into deep formations due to high hardness and strong abrasion. To help solve such a problem, triple-ridged PDC cutters have been developed and utilized in the design of hybrid-cutters PDC bit, which have achieved enhanced rate of penetration and high life cycle. Nevertheless, few researches have focused on the rock-breaking mechanisms of triple-ridged PDC cutter. Thus, this research carries out a series of numerical simulations to reveal the rock-breaking mechanisms of the triple-ridged PDC cutter. The numerical analysis and the visualization of the rock-breaking process are shown in the paper. Parametrical analyses have also been conducted to reveal effects of cutting parameters, rock strength, and cutter structural parameters on the rock-breaking performances of the triple-ridged PDC cutter. Numerical results show that the triple-ridged PDC cutter is more easily to break the rock than the conventional PDC cutter by combining the shearing and the crushing effects, predominantly leading to much smaller cutting force. Given the same cutting depth and the cutting angle, the triple-ridged PDC cutter can exhibit higher rock-breaking efficiency than that of the conventional PDC cutter. Also, optimal analysis should be done for the structural design of the triple-ridged PDC cutter. These research findings help the readers understand the rock-breaking mechanisms and the further application of the triple-ridged PDC cutter in deep hard formations.

BiFeO3is the most widely known multiferroic at room temperature, possessing both ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism. It has high Curie temperature and Néel temperature, i.e., 1103 and 643 K, respectively. Despite these unique properties, the pressure-induced phase diagram of bulk BiFeO3has remained controversial. Based on the ab initio evolutionary algorithm, we systematically searched for the potential stable structures of bulk BiFeO3at 0–50 GPa. It is identified that there are five pressure-induced phase transition sequences R3c–G–AFM →(5GPa)C2/m–G–AFM →(15GPa)Pnma–G–AFM →(24GPa)Pnma–FM →(35GPa)Imma–FM →(45GPa)Cmcm–FM, which provided a comprehensive pressure-induced phase diagram. As the pressure increases, we discovered an interesting phenomenon: a pressure-induced magnetic sequence transition, i.e., BiFeO3transitions from an antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic sequence. Concurrently, the electronic structure evolves during the insulator–metal transition, influenced not only by the pressure but also by the phase transition. Our research has elucidated the long-standing question of the phase transition sequence of the BiFeO3system under pressure and provided theoretical support for the insulator–metal transition.