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With the rapid development of e-commerce, online shopping has become an indispensable part of people's daily lives. However, consumers often face trust issues during online shopping, such as product quality and seller integrity, which directly impact their shopping experience and purchasing decisions. Therefore, accurately assessing consumer trust has become a crucial task. This study first constructs a consumer trust assessment system, analyzing and selecting key factors related to consumer trust, and establishes a model for assessing consumer trust for online shopping. Subsequently, we propose an assessment method based on text mining and deep learning sentiment analysis techniques to extract consumer sentiment information from specified consumer reviews. Furthermore, through fuzzy decision-making fusion strategy, we integrate sentiment information from the dimensions of quality assurance, reliability, and responsiveness to enhance the accuracy of the assessment.

Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system that selectively emerge in embryonic cortical proliferative zones and regulate neurogenesis by altering molecular and phenotypic states. Despite their important roles in inflammatory phagocytosis and neurodegenerative diseases, microglial homeostasis during early brain development has not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate a notable interplay between microglial homeostasis and neural progenitor cell signal transduction during embryonic neurogenesis. ARID1A, an epigenetic subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, disrupts genome-wide H3K9me3 occupancy in microglia and changes the epigenetic chromatin landscape of regulatory elements that influence the switching of microglial states. Perturbation of microglial homeostasis impairs the release of PRG3, which regulates neural progenitor cell self-renewal and differentiation during embryonic development. Furthermore, the loss of microglia-driven PRG3 alters the downstream cascade of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through its interaction with the neural progenitor receptor LRP6, which leads to misplaced regulation in neuronal development and causes autism-like behaviors at later stages. Thus, during early fetal brain development, microglia progress toward a more homeostatic competent phenotype, which might render neural progenitor cells respond to environmental cross-talk perturbations.

The use of nickel-rich layered materials as cathodes can boost the energy density of lithium batteries. However, developing a safe and long-term stable nickel-rich layered cathode is challenging primarily due to the release of lattice oxygen from the cathode during cycling, especially at high voltages, which will cause a series of adverse effects, leading to battery failure and thermal runaway. Surface coating is often considered effective in capturing active oxygen species; however, its process is rather complicated, and it is difficult to maintain intact on the cathode with large volume changes during cycling. Here, we propose an in situ construction of a multifunctional cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI), which is easy to prepare, repairable, and, most importantly, capable of continuously capturing active oxygen species during the entire life span. This unique protective mechanism notably improves the cycling stability of Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811) cells at rigorous working conditions, including ultrahigh voltage (4.8 V), high temperature (60 °C), and fast charging (10 C). An industrial 1 A h graphite||NCM811 pouch cell achieved stable operation of 600 cycles with a capacity retention of 79.6% at 4.4 V, exhibiting great potential for practical use. This work provides insightful guidance for constructing a multifunctional CEI to bypass limitations associated with high-voltage operations of nickel-rich layered cathodes.

Flexible membranes with ultrathin thickness and excellent mechanical properties have shown great potential for broad uses in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), on-skin electronics, etc. However, an ultrathin membrane (<5 μm) is rarely reported in the above applications due to the inherent trade-off between thickness and antifailure ability. We discover a protic solvent penetration strategy to prepare ultrathin, ultrastrong layered films through a continuous interweaving of aramid nanofibers (ANFs) with the assistance of simultaneous protonation and penetration of a protic solvent. The thickness of a pure ANF film can be controlled below 5 μm, with a tensile strength of 556.6 MPa, allowing us to produce the thinnest SPE (3.4 μm). The resultant SPEs enable Li–S batteries to cycle over a thousand times at a high rate of 1C due to the small ionic impedance conferred by the ultrathin characteristic and regulated ionic transportation. Besides, a high loading of the sulfur cathode (4 mg cm–2) with good sulfur utilization was achieved at a mild temperature (35 °C), which is difficult to realize in previously reported solid-state Li–S batteries. Through a simple laminating process at the wet state, the thicker film (tens of micrometers) obtained exhibits mechanical properties comparable to those of thin films and possesses the capability to withstand high-velocity projectile impacts, indicating that our technique features a high degree of thickness controllability. We believe that it can serve as a valuable tool to assemble nanomaterials into ultrathin, ultrastrong membranes for various applications.

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries suffer from sluggish kinetics due to the poor conductivity of sulfur cathodes and polysulfide shutting. Current studies on sulfur redox catalysis mainly focus on the adsorption and catalytic conversion of lithium polysulfides but ignore the modulation of the electronic structure of the catalysts which involves spin-related charge transfer and orbital interactions. In this work, bimetallic phosphorus trisulfides embedded in Prussian blue analogue-derived nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanocubes (FeCoPS3/NCs) were elaborately synthesized as a host to reveal the relationship between the catalytic activity and the spin state configuration for Li–S batteries. Orbital spin splitting in FeCoPS3drives the electronic structure transition from low-spin to high-spin states, generating more unpaired electrons on the 3d orbit. Specifically, the nondegenerate orbitals involved in the high-spin configuration of FeCoPS3result in the upshift of energy levels, generating more active electronic states. Such tailored electronic structure increases the charge transfer, influences the d-band center, and further modifies the adsorption energy with lithium polysulfides and the potential reaction pathways. Consequently, the cell with FeCoPS3/NC host exhibits an ultralow capacity decay of 0.037% per cycle over 1000 cycles. This study proposed a general strategy for sculpting geometric configurations to enable spin and orbital topology regulation in Li–S battery catalysts.

Embryonic neurogenesis is tightly regulated by multiple factors to ensure the precise development of the cortex. Deficiency in neurogenesis may result in behavioral abnormalities. Pd1 is a well-known inhibitory immune molecule, but its function in brain development remains unknown. Here, we find brain specific deletion of Pd1results in abnormal cortical neurogenesis, including enhanced proliferation of neural progenitors and reduced neuronal differentiation. In addition, neurons in Pd1knockout mice exhibit abnormal morphology, both the total length and the number of primary dendrites were reduced. Moreover, Pd1cKOmice exhibit depressive-like behaviors, including immobility, despair, and anhedonia. Mechanistically, Pd1 regulates embryonic neurogenesis by targeting Pax3 through the β-catenin signaling pathway. The constitutive expression of Pax3 partly rescues the deficiency of neurogenesis in the Pd1deleted embryonic brain. Besides, the administration of β-catenin inhibitor, XAV939, not only rescues abnormal brain development but also ameliorates depressive-like behaviors in Pd1cKOmice. Simultaneously, Pd1 plays a similar role in human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) proliferation and differentiation. Taken together, our findings reveal the critical role and regulatory mechanism of Pd1 in embryonic neurogenesis and behavioral modulation, which could contribute to understanding immune molecules in brain development.

Protein localization information is essential for understanding protein functions and their roles in various biological processes. The image‐based prediction methods of protein subcellular localization have emerged in recent years because of the advantages of microscopic images in revealing spatial expression and distribution of proteins in cells. However, the image‐based prediction is a very challenging task, due to the multi‐instance nature of the task and low quality of images. In this paper, we propose a multi‐task learning strategy and mask generation to enhance the prediction performance. Furthermore, we also investigate effective multi‐instance learning schemes. We collect a large‐scale dataset from the Human Protein Atlas database, and the experimental results show that the proposed multi‐task multi‐instance learning model outperforms both single‐instance learning and common multi‐instance learning methods by large margins.

Direct recycling is considered to be the next-generation recycling technology for spent lithium-ion batteries due to its potential economic benefits and environmental friendliness. For the spent layered oxide cathode materials, an irreversible phase transition to a rock-salt structure near the particle surface impedes the reintercalation of lithium ions, thereby hindering the lithium compensation process from fully restoring composition defects and repairing failed structures. We introduced a transition-metal hydroxide precursor, utilizing its surface catalytic activity produced during annealing to convert the rock-salt structure into a layered structure that provides fast migration pathways for lithium ions. The material repair and synthesis processes share the same heating program, enabling the spent cathode and added precursor to undergo a topological transformation to form the targeted layered oxide. This regenerated material exhibits a performance superior to that of commercial cathodes and maintains 88.4% of its initial capacity after 1000 cycles in a 1.3 Ah pouch cell. Techno-economic analysis highlights the environmental and economic advantages of surface catalytic repair over pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods, indicating its potential for practical application.

The sluggish CO2reduction and evolution reaction kinetics are thorny problems for developing high-performance Li–CO2batteries. For the complicated multiphase reactions and multielectron transfer processes in Li–CO2batteries, exploring efficient cathode catalysts and understanding the interplay between structure and activity are crucial to couple with these pendent challenges. In this work, we applied the CoS as a model catalyst and adjusted its electronic structure by introducing sulfur vacancies to optimize the d-band and p-band centers, which steer the orbital hybridization and boost the redox kinetics between Li and CO2, thus improving the discharge platform of Li–CO2batteries and altering the deposition behavior of discharge products. As a result, a highly efficient bidirectional catalyst exhibits an ultrasmall overpotential of 0.62 V and a high energy efficiency of 82.8% and circulates stably for nearly 600 h. Meanwhile, density functional theory calculations and multiphysics simulations further elucidate the mechanism of bidirectional activity. This work not only provides a proof of concept to design a remarkably efficient catalyst but also sheds light on promoting the reversible Li–CO2reaction by tailoring the electronic structure.

Exploring high-activity electrocatalysts for water electrolysis is a pivotal field of hot research as hydrogen is a very promising renewable energy source and bountiful in supply. Understanding the structure–composition–property relationships is the key for engineering improved electrocatalysts. We herein report a rational design on Ru-RuO2hybrid nanoparticles decorating carbon nanotubes composites electrocatalysts (Ru-RuO2/CNT), which shows impressively high activity toward hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) in all pH aqueous electrolytes. The Ru-RuO2/CNT, as an OER catalyst, requires ultralow overpotentials of 0.18 V, 0.27 V and 0.21 V to drive the current density of 10 mA cm−2in acidic, neutral and alkaline media, respectively. Meanwhile, the catalyst also exhibits superior HER activity with the current density of 10 mA cm−2at −0.063 V, −0.048 V and −0.012 V in acidic, neutral and alkaline media, respectively. Systematic characterizations and comprehensive electrochemical studies coupling with theoretical calculations verify that Ru favorably works with RuO2and CNT to synergistically contribute such highly desirable electrocatalytic activity. The bifunctional catalytic properties, in conjunction with its pH-universal compatibility, inspire us to an asymmetric-electrolyte electrolyzer was set up, which can harvest the electrochemical neutralization energy with implementing electrolysis H2generation with a current density of 10 mA cm−2at an applied voltage of 0.73 V. The as-developed asymmetric-electrolyte electrolyzer, by coupling high-activity but not too expensive electrocatalysts with optimizing the catalytic efficiency in their favorable electrolyte, potentially provides an environmental-friend and energy-saving avenue for the future electrolysis H2generation.

Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has become an urgent task to address the issues of resource shortage and potential environmental pollution. However, direct recycling of the spent LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2(NCM523) cathode is challenging because the strong electrostatic repulsion from a transition metal octahedron in the lithium layer provided by the rock salt/spinel phase that is formed on the surface of the cycled cathode severely disrupts Li+transport, which restrains lithium replenishment during regeneration, resulting in the regenerated cathode with inferior capacity and cycling performance. Here, we propose the topotactic transformation of the stable rock salt/spinel phase into Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2and then back to the NCM523 cathode. As a result, a topotactic relithiation reaction with low migration barriers occurs with facile Li+transport in a channel (from one octahedral site to another, passing through a tetrahedral intermediate) with weakened electrostatic repulsion, which greatly improves lithium replenishment during regeneration. In addition, the proposed method can be extended to repair spent NCM523 black mass, spent LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2, and spent LiCoO2cathodes, whose electrochemical performance after regeneration is comparable to that of the commercial pristine cathodes. This work demonstrates a fast topotactic relithiation process during regeneration by modifying Li+transport channels, providing a unique perspective on the regeneration of spent LIB cathodes.

The intimate communication between the vascular and nervous systems is critical for maintaining central nervous system (CNS) development. However, whether cerebrovascular endothelial cells (ECs) can orchestrate neural precursor cell (NPC) proliferation and differentiation, and the identity of the signals involved therein, is unclear. Here, we find that the development of ECs is often accompanied by DNA damage. RNF20, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is required for the DNA damage response (DDR). The deletion of RNF20 causes the accumulation of DNA damage in ECs, which fails to secrete cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CILP2). Moreover, the loss of endothelium-derived CILP2 alters the downstream cascade signaling of Wnt signaling pathways through the interaction with Wnt3a, which disturbs the NPC fate and causes autism-like behaviors in mice. Therefore, the close and refined controlled neurovascular interactions ensure the normal operation of neurogenesis during embryonic development.

Formulation of protein and peptide drugs with sustained release properties is crucial to enhance their therapeutic effect and minimize administration frequency. In this study, immunomodulating polymeric systems were designed by manufacturing PHBHHx nanoparticles (NPs) containing thymopentin (TP5). The release profile of the drug was studied over a period of 7 days. The PHBHHx NPs containing TP5-phospholipid (PLC) complex (TP5-PLC) displayed a spherical shape with a mean size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency of 238.9 nm, −32.0 mV, and 72.81%, respectively. The cytotoxicity results showed the PHBHHx NPs had a relatively low toxicity in vitro. TP5 entrapped in the NPs could hardly release in vitro, while the NPs had longer than 7 days release duration after a single subcutaneous injection in Wistar rats. The immunodepression rat model was built to evaluate the immunomodulating effects of TP5-PLC-NPs in vivo. The results of T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ratio) analysis and superoxide dismutase (SOD) values suggested that TP5-PLC-NPs had stronger immunoregulation effects than TP5 solution. In conclusion, an applicable approach to markedly enhancing the loading of a water-soluble peptide into a hydrophobic polymer matrix has been introduced. Thus, TP5-PLC-NPs are promising nanomedicine systems for sustained release effects of TP5.