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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) efficiency has recently achieved significant advancements, surpassing the 26% threshold. Excessive PbI2, often used in high-efficiency PSCs, will also cause stability or defect problems. To address these challenges, we introduce anionic and cationic bifunctional additives to passivate PSCs synergistically. Phenylethylamine trifluoroacetate (PEATFA) is utilized as an additive to passivate the perovskite film. The PEA+cation facilitates the formation of two-dimensional perovskite while TFA−anion passivate the uncoordinated Pb2+ions and iodine vacancies, enhancing perovskite crystal quality without excess PbI2. Furthermore, PEATFA modification optimizes the energy level matching between the perovskite and charge transfer layers, thereby enhancing charge transfer and extraction capabilities. Finally, the device achieves an impressive power conversion efficiency of 24.05% while exhibiting minimal hysteresis and good stability.

AMOLED (Active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode) is a new type of display technology, mainly used in the field of smartphones. Temperature is an important environmental factor for AMOLED displays on their function and performance. Temperature difference can cause changes in the material characteristics of AMOLED displays. It will occur touch failure and inability to respond to users’ operations. In order to reduce the adverse effects caused by temperature difference on touch, this paper studied the stability and reliability of different module materials in different temperature environments. The results showed that the module materials had a close relationship with the touch pattern during temperature changed. This paper further explored the pattern design parameter indicators to improve the touch performance of AMOLED through simulation experiments. This study provided a theoretical basis for optimizing the touch function and performance of AMOLED.

In ion was introduced successfully into CZTSSe film near the Mo foil to control back interface and bulk defects. 10.01% PCE for the flexible CZTSSe solar cell has been achieved.

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) solar cells fabricated via hydrothermal deposition have attracted widespread attention. The annealing crystallization process plays a crucial role in achieving optimal crystallinity in hydrothermal Sb2S3thin films. Nevertheless, incomplete crystallization and the loss of sulfur at high-temperature contribute to defect recombination, constraining device performance. Herein, a two-step rapid thermal processing (RTP) annealing strategy is proposed to improve the crystal quality and efficiency of Sb2S3solar cells. The annealing process in Ar protection with atmospheric pressure can suppress S loss caused by saturated vapor pressure. The two-step RTP annealing with the 330°C low-temperature and 370°C high-temperature process ensures high crystallinity and vertical orientations of Sb2S3thin films, accompanied by a reduction in defect concentration from 1.01 × 1012to 5.97 × 1011cm−3. The Sb2S3solar cell achieves an efficiency of 8.20% with an enhanced open circuit voltage (VOC) of 784 mV. The build-in voltage (Vbi) of 1.17 V and irradiation-dependent ideal factor (n) of 1.48 demonstrate enhanced heterojunction quality and suppressed defect recombination in the devices. The presented two-step annealing strategy and physical mechanism study will open new prospects for high-performance Sb2S3solar cells.

Hydrophilic polymer coatings on artificial implants generate excellent tribological properties. The friction properties of polymer coatings are affected by salt ion factors. Herein, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to show that the superlubricity was achieved between poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA)-modified Ti6Al4V and polystyrene (PS) microsphere probe lubricated with monovalent salt solutions (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, and CsCl). Considering that adhesion is an important cause of friction changes, the AFM was further utilized to obtain adhesion between friction pairs in different salt solutions. The results indicated that the larger the cation radius in the lubricant, the smaller the adhesion, and the lower the friction coefficient of the PVPA coating. The electrostatic interaction between the PVPA and one-valence cations in lubricants was analyzed by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation as it was found to be the main influencing factor of the adhesion. Combined analysis results of friction and adhesion indicated that by adjusting the size of cation radius in lubricant, the adhesion between the tribo-pairs can be changed, and eventually the magnitude of friction can be affected. This study opens up a new avenue for analyzing the friction characteristics of hydrophilic polymer coatings from the perspective of intermolecular forces.

Objective: This study aimed to explore erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) gene mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) in Northeast China, and to analyze ERBB2mutation subtypes and clinicopathological characteristics related to the presence of ERBB2mutations.Methods: In this study, 1087 tissue samples, 368 whole blood samples, and 68 pleural effusion samples from 1349 NSCLC were collected. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to perform genetic testing on the samples. The proportion of patients with ERBB2mutations and related clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed.Results: The mutation rate of ERBB2in NSCLC was 5.58% (85/1523). Of the patients with ERBB2mutations, 27.63% (21/76) were over 65 years old, 59.21% (45/76) were women, and 68.42% (52/76) were non-smokers. The majority of tumors were adenocarcinomas (92.1%, 70/76) and stage III and IV diseases accounted for 81.58% (62/76) of all cases. There were 14 subtypes of ERBB2mutations; the most frequently seen were ERBB2copy number alteration (41.76%, 38/91) and ERBB2exon 20 in-frame insertion (36.26%, 33/91). Of the patients with ERBB2mutations, 24 had concurrent epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, seven had mesenchymal epithelial transition factor amplifications, and three had anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutations. The agreement between tissue and paired blood samples in the presence of ERBB2mutations was 64.3% (9/14).Conclusion: ERBB2mutations in Northeast China NSCLC patients have a unique molecular spectrum. Our work can provide guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with ERBB2mutations in Northeast China.

Li+was incorporated successfully into flexible CZTSSe films to passivate non-radiative states and band tail states. The PCE of flexible CZTSSe solar cells improved from 6.99% to 9.68%.

We report the Sonogashira cross-coupling of aryl ammonium salts catalyzed by air- and moisture-stable [Pd(NHC)(3-CF3-An)Cl2] (An = aniline). This highly active Pd(II)–NHC complex features broad scope and excellent C–N activation selectivity in the challenging alkynylative cross-coupling of aryl ammonium salts. Full structural characterization and computational studies demonstrate the effect of pyridine to aniline replacement as highly effective stabilizing ancillary ligand in well-defined Pd(II)–NHCs. Considering the high reactivity and the recent commercialization of [Pd(NHC)(3-CF3-An)Cl2] (Millipore Sigma, no. 915165), this catalyst represents an attractive approach to the activation of C–N bonds of broad synthetic interest.

The two main failure modes of harmonic reducers are wear and contact friction between the tooth profile of the circular spline (CS) and the flexible spline (FS). The sliding speed of the meshing point is a key factor affecting friction and wear processes of the CS and FS and should therefore be accurately determined. Herein, envelope theory is used to deduce the FS trajectory and the envelope track is divided into two segments according to whether or not the meshing point is outside the top circle of the CS. The velocity of the meshing point in the second meshing stage is essentially the vector sum of the FS velocity in three directions. When the CS is fixed, the relative sliding velocity is the instantaneous velocity of the FS along the tangential direction of the enveloped tooth profile. To verify the proposed model, the finite element method (FEM) and laser sensor experiments were performed and a relationship between the angle of rotation of the wave generator (WG) and the velocity of the FS was established. The results show that the sliding speed is sensitive to the radial displacement coefficient and has a linear relationship with the rotational speed of the WG.

A novel solid Brönsted-Lewis acid catalyst La-PW-SiO2/SWCNTs was constructed from the electron withdrawing effect of La(III) on π bond of SWCNTs and used to prepare biodiesel from esterification of oleic acid and methanol. The highest conversion of oleic acid was 93.1% (mass) and maintained as high as 88.7% (mass) after six cycles of La-PW-SiO2/SWCNTs. La-PW-SiO2/SWCNTs can be an efficient and economical catalyst, because it shows good catalytic activity and stability.

This paper mainly studied the contact characteristics of steel-rubber rollers. First, according to the dynamic mechanical experimental data of rubber, the hyperelastic-viscoelastic composite constitutive model was constructed to accurately describe the properties of rubber. Then, for the contact problem of steel-rubber rollers, the elastic modulus of rubber presents an instantaneous change due to the influence of rubber's viscoelasticity, so the Hertz contact theory was modified through the instantaneous elastic modulus. Next, a dimensionless parameter Vewas constructed to judge the viscoelastic influence degree of rubber. Finally, based on modified contact theory and the dimensionless parameter Ve, the influence of compressive force and rolling speed on the contact characteristics of steel-rubber rollers was analyzed. The research in this paper is helpful to the analysis of dynamic contact problem of rollers structure and the development of contact theory.

The co-pyrolysis behaviors of tea seed shell (TSS) and scrap tyre (ST) were studied systematically to discuss the potential synergistic effect. The thermogravimetric characteristics of TSS, ST, and their blends were investigated under various heating rates. The results obtained showed that a significant synergetic effect existed during the co-pyrolysis of the blends, in which the experimental mass loss curves were significantly lower than the calculated curves. Increasing the heating rate of blends led to the increase of reaction temperature due to heat transfer hysteresis. According to the TG data, the kinetics parameters of the co-pyrolysis process were calculated by Coats-Redfern method. The activation energies of the pyrolysis of TSS and ST were from 68 to 81 kJ·mol−1and 59 to 63 kJ·mol−1, respectively. The activation energies range of the blends were 44–54 kJ·mol−1using the first-order reaction kinetics model, and 56–64 kJ·mol−1using the 1.5-order reaction kinetics model, respectively. The co-pyrolysis of the blends required lower activation energy than that of TSS and ST alone, and the energy required for co-pyrolysis reaction decreased with the increase of TSS ratio. Based on the results of DTG, the co-pyrolysis characteristics of TSS and ST in a fixed-bed reactor were further discussed, and the effects of operation parameters, (e.g., mass ratio of TSS to ST, pyrolysis temperature, and residence time), on product distribution and composition were investigated in detail. The results obtained showed that the experimental yields of liquid and solid were higher than that of the theoretical values, corresponding to a lower experimental gas yield, further confirming the existence of synergistic effect during the co-pyrolysis process. By analyzing the composition of liquid derived from co-pyrolysis of the blend within 40 wt.% TSS, it was found that there was a significant difference between the experimental and theoretical values, and the products containing oxygen and nitrogen were significantly reduced.

Hydrophilic polymer coatings can improve the surface characteristics of artificial implants. However, because they are used in vivo, they inevitably come into contact with biomolecules that affect their interfacial tribological properties. In this paper, the friction behaviors of poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA)-modified Ti6Al4V and polytetrafluorethylene balls were analyzed using albumin, globulin, aggrecan, and hyaluronic acid as lubricants. The interaction properties and dynamic adsorption characteristics of the biomolecules and PVPA molecules were explored by a quartz crystal microbalance to identify the cause of the friction difference. It was found that protein molecules disturbed the superlubricity of the PVPA-phosphate-buffered saline system because of the formation of a stable adsorption film, which replaced the interfacial characteristics of the PVPA coating. Polysaccharides, with their excellent hydration properties and polymer structure, had an unstable dynamic interaction or zero adsorption with PVPA molecules, and hardly changed the superlubricity of the PVPA and phosphate-buffered-saline system. The influence mechanism of the specific friction of proteins and polysaccharides was analyzed. Interactions were observed among different biomolecules. Polysaccharides can potentially reduce protein adsorption. The result of the synergistic regulation of the friction coefficient for PVPA-modified Ti6Al4V is approximately 0.017. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the use of polymer coatings in vivo.

Assessment of land sensitivity to desertification is an important step to support desertification monitoring and control. Based on the Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) model, we defined four quality indicators (soil, climate, vegetation and management) to evaluate the sensitivity of land in northern China to desertification. We improved MEDALUS via excluding cities from the areas at risk of desertification by means of defining a threshold value for population density. The framework, validated in northern China, further optimizes the model to link priority areas and land restoration programmed to support desertification control. We found that the four indicators influenced and restricted each other, which jointly affected the distribution of desertification sensitivity in northern China. The spatial distribution of sensitivity in northern China showed large regional differences, with clear boundaries and concentrated distributions of regions with high and low sensitivity; the overall sensitivity decreased, with some areas rated as having moderate, severe, and extremely severe sensitivity changing to slight sensitivity; and the influence weight was much higher for the management quality index than for the climate, vegetation, and soil indexes. This suggests that management was the main factor that affected desertification sensitivity in northern China, and that climate factors exacerbated sensitivity, but the factors that are driving the spatial heterogeneity of the influencing factors need further study.

To explore insecticides targeting the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, two series of novel isoxazoline derivatives containing sulfonic and carboxylic esters were designed and synthesized. Their insecticidal activities against Plutella xylostella, Mythimna separata, and Aedes aegyptilarvae and their structure–activity relationship were investigated. The sulfonate-containing isoxazoline derivatives (10k–q) exhibited promising insecticidal activities against the three insect larvae. Compound 10odisplayed excellent activities with LC50values of 8.32, 5.23, and 0.35 μg/mL at 48 h against P. xylostella, M. separata, and A. aegyptilarvae, respectively, which were better than or similar to those of avermectin. Furthermore, compound 10oexhibited a faster insecticidal effect than avermectin against M. separata. The mode of action of 10owas preliminarily verified by molecular docking, theoretical calculations, and measurement of glutamate decarboxylase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase activities. Compound 10ois a novel insecticidal candidate acting on GABA receptors, which could guide the discovery of isoxazoline insecticides.

With the application of cloud computing technology in multiple fields, the advantages of cloud computing technology are gradually reflected. Based on Alibaba Cloud's research on electric power marketing measuring mobile operating system(EPMOS), this paper uses ECS, DRDS, MaxCompute and other cloud computing products to solve the problems in the system's responsiveness, massive data analysis capabilities, and new business access capabilities, realise the timely detection and timely treatment of power metering field faults, improve the on-site service capability of electricity marketing measurement.

Adventitious shoot (AS) regeneration is a significant factor in the genetic transformation of horticultural plants. It is also a noteworthy approach to their vegetative propagation. AS regeneration remains highly dependent on the genotype or maturity of explants. We here found that the AS regeneration abilities of apple leaves were positively correlated with MdAIL5expression. MdAIL5overexpression dramatically increased AS regeneration efficiency. Notably, MdAIL5overexpression could restore the AS formation ability of explants to a certain extent, which was lost with an increase in maturity. Endogenous hormone detection revealed that MdAIL5overexpression changed the contents of auxin, cytokinin (CK), and other hormones in apple leaves. Transcriptome analysis revealed that many genes related to auxin, CK, and brassinolide signaling pathways were significantly and differentially expressed between MdAIL5-overexpressing transgenic apple and wild-type apple plants. Yeast one-hybrid assays, the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and the dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that MdAIL5 directly binds to MdARF9and MdHB14promoters and positively affects their expression. We here established a model of MdAIL5 regulating AS formation, which acts as a theoretical basis for facilitating genotype- or explant maturity-independent AS regeneration in the future.

Heavy duty and ultra-heavy duty machine tools are used to manufacture large parts or super large parts in aerospace, ship, transportation, and energy industries. The weight of a structural part of ultra-heavy duty machine tools will reach more than 100 tons, because of which both manufacturing and transportation become very difficult. In this paper, a detachable design method for large-sized structures of heavy duty machine tools is presented. The proposed method aims to make large-sized structure into several detachable sections that can be bolted together in order to be casted and transported and remanufactured more easily. To analyze the influence of the joint surface, a three-dimensional fractal contact model based on the influence of domain expansion factor is used to identify stiffness and damping of the joint surface. On the basis of the analysis of the dependence of contact stiffness and damping of joint surface on dynamic characteristics of structural part, a detachable optimization model of a super span beam is established, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to carry out the optimization. After that, the dynamic characteristics of the optimized design is analyzed and verified by finite element analysis. Based on the simulated verification, a detachable beam of heavy duty gantry machine was designed by the proposed method and verified by the field test. The illustration example shows that the large span beam can be detached into three sections that can be bolted together by high strength bolts, and it also has satisfied performance.

Medium‐ or late‐maturing varieties of rice (Oryza sativaL.) that are planted in agroecosystems in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze Valley of China always encounter cold stress during the late grain‐filling stage. Generally, grain yield and yield components are adversely affected under such circumstances. To alleviate these negative effects, salicylic acid (SA; i.e., SA0 [control, 0 mg L−1], SA100 [100 mg L−1], SA200 [200 mg L−1], SA300 [300 mg L−1], and SA400 [400 mg L−1]) was exogenously sprayed on plants of three rice cultivars at full heading in the field at the experimental base of China National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI) in Fuyang City, China (30°03′ N, 119°57′ E, 11 m asl). The results indicated that the mean grain‐filling rate and grain weight of the inferior grains were significantly increased under the SA200 (200 mg L−1) treatment and correspondingly contributed to a grain yield increase of 5.0 to 10.1% in comparison with the control. Further analysis showed that the SA200 treatment significantly increased the activity of the starch branching enzyme in inferior grains over the entire grain‐filling stage. Additionally, the photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and soluble protein content of the flag leaf, which precisely reflected the senescence status, were significantly increased under the SA200 treatment, especially during late maturity under mild cold stress. We speculated that improved physiological changes during the late grain‐filling stage account for the increased grain weight and grain yield. Therefore, application of SA was a promising method of alleviating the adverse effects that were induced by mild cold stress on the grain yield of rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze Valley of China.

Prevention of water, oxygen, and chloride ions contained in hydrotalcite interlayers from diffusing through the layered double hydroxides (LDH) is of crucial importance in corrosion protection. In this work, a hybrid composed of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets/Zn2+/Al3+layered double hydroxide (RGO/ZnAl-LDH) composite films on the surface of 6N01 aluminum (Al) alloy was successfully synthesized by a novel and facile hydrothermal continuous flow method, which enabled direct growth of the composite on the surface of the Al alloy substrate. The structure and morphology of the RGO/ZnAl-LDH composite films were fully characterized. Based on electrochemical measurements in a NaCl solution, the RGO/ZnAl-LDH composite film significantly enhanced the corrosion protection, as compared with the ZnAl-LDH film. The RGO/ZnAl-LDH composite film could maintain an outstanding corrosion resistance after 7 days immersion in a high concentration of NaCl solution (i.e., 5.0 wt %). The enhanced corrosion resistance was attributed to the barrier effect on diffusion of water, oxygen, and chloride ions by the RGO contained in the RGO/ZnAl-LDH composite films.

Extreme learning machines (ELMs) have drawn increasing attention due to their characteristics of simple structure, high learning speed and excellent performance. However, a single ELM tends to low predictive accuracy and instability in dealing with quantitative analysis of complex samples. To further improve the predictive accuracy and stability of ELMs, a new quantitative model, called the boosting ELM is proposed. In this approach, a large number of ELM sub-models are sequentially built by selecting a certain number of samples from the original training set according to the distribution of the sampling weights, and then their predictions are aggregated using the weighted median. The activation function and the number of hidden nodes of ELM sub-models are determined simultaneously by the ratio of mean value and standard deviation of correlation coefficients (MSR). The performance of the proposed method is tested with diesel fuel and blended edible oil samples. Compared with partial least squares (PLS) and ELMs, our results demonstrate that the boosting ELM is an efficient ensemble model and has obvious superiorities in predictive accuracy and stability. Therefore, the proposed method may be an alternative for near-infrared (NIR) spectral quantitative analysis of complex samples.

This study aims to address the existing data security and user privacy vulnerabilities in the “cloud” environment, which is essential for ensuring the safety and integrity of data in the era of big data and cloud computing. To achieve this purpose, we propose a novel approach that combines the logit link function with a longitudinal joint learning framework for the gamma regression model. This approach enhances the application of the model and the loss function, providing a robust solution for data security and user privacy in cloud-based systems. While cloud computing technology has greatly improved the convenience of work and life, it has also introduced significant challenges related to data security and user privacy. This study leverages semantic web technology and blockchain technology to establish a distributed and credit-guaranteed product quality and safety traceability application. By designing a concept verification system and ensuring data integrity at each stage of the product supply chain, this approach addresses these challenges effectively. The distributed network architecture employed in our technical design ensures overall system stability, reliability, and sustainability, with no single point of failure.

The stability of the tribological properties of polymer coatings is vital to ensure their long term use. The superlubricity of the poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA)-modified Ti6Al4V/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) interface can be obtained when lubricated by phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.2), but not when lubricated by deionized water and ethanol. Therefore, the mechanisms for the superlubricity of PVPA coatings affected by lubricant were investigated in detail. The stability of the PVPA coatings and their compatibility with the lubricant are critical factors in realizing ideal tribological properties of PVPA coatings. Robust PVPA coatings are stable under a wide range of pH values (6–10) using PBS as the basic solution, and are also characterized by superlubricity. The hydrolysis kinetics of phosphate anhydride is the main reason for the pH responses. In addition, along with stability, PVPA coatings exhibit different friction coefficients in salt solutions which are composed of various ions, which indicates that the compatibility between PVPA coatings and the lubricant can be used to regulate the superlubricity properties. Based on a fundamental understanding of the mechanism of surperlubricity by considering the effects of the lubricant, PVPA coatings with stability and perfect tribological performance are expected to be applied in more aspects.

The buffer layer plays a critical role in high‐performance flexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe) solar cell. The conventional CdS buffer layer causes the photoelectric performance loss and the pollution of toxic Cd. Herein, the ultrathin CdS and Zn0.8Sn0.2O (ZTO) buffer layer engineering is proposed to reduce interface recombination and Cd content. An ultrathin CdS layer acts as the interface passivation layer to protect the CZTSSe layer and passivate its surface defects. To solve the problems of decreased carrier collection capacity caused by thinning the CdS layer, the ZTO layer with low resistivity and high carrier concentration is obtained by doping Sn into the ZnO layer. The systematic study indicates that the ultrathin CdS and ZTO buffer layers‐based solar cells realize high‐quality interface and band matching. Ultimately, 9.3% efficiency of the ultrathin CdS and ZTO‐based solar cell with 448 mV open‐circuit voltage is obtained, which is higher than that of the standard CdS buffer layer‐based device (8.5% with 419 mV). The study provides a new idea for achieving efficient flexible CZTSSe solar cells through heterojunction interface management. The ultrathin CdS and Zn0.8Sn0.2O buffer layers are applied to the flexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe) solar cells to solve serious interface recombination and high Cd content caused by CdS buffer layer. A 9.3% efficiency for flexible device is achieved, which is higher than that of the standard device (8.5%). The study exhibits effective interface management for flexible CZTSSe solar cells.

Bolted joints are one of the most common fastening methods in engineering applications. To meet the requirements of structural parts, the torque method is often used for controlling the bolted joint performance. However, only a few investigations have been carried out on the conversion efficiency of bolt torque to the tensile force, leading to uncertainty and potential safety hazards during the bolt tightening. In order to study the input torque distribution and overcome problems caused by the Motosh method and experimental investigations, a new energy-based torque distribution model is established in the present study. In the proposed model, numerous affecting parameters, including the connector compression work, effective bearing radius, effective thread contact radius, and spiral angle are considered. Then a parameterized thread mesh model using finite element technology is proposed to analyze the influence of different bolt friction coefficients on the bolt tightening process. Based on 16 types of tightening analyses, it is concluded that as bolt friction coefficient increases, the corresponding torque conversion rate decreases from 14.45% to 7.89%. Compared with the Motosh method, the torque conversion rate obtained by the proposed method is relatively large, which makes the actual pre-tightening force larger than the design value. However, there is still a possibility of bolt failure.

Poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) is a type of hydrophilic polymer that can be used in surface modifications. In our study, PVPA coatings were formed on the surfaces of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) using a simple and novel method to achieve efficient lubrication at friction interfaces. The composition and 3D skeletal structure of the PVPA coatings were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The PVPA-modified Ti6Al4V/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) interface shows a superlow friction coefficient (approximately 0.006) for at least 8 h under a contact pressure of 44.2 MPa (initial pressure), which means it falls into the superlubricity regime. Moreover, wear on the surfaces of both the Ti6Al4V and PTFE after the tribological experiment is superlow. It is proposed that the 3D skeletal structure of the PVPA coating and fluid-like manner at friction interfaces owing to the fast exchange of water molecules are the main factors accounting for the superlow friction and wear. The PVPA-modified Ti6Al4V has the potential uses in artificial cervical discs.

Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) surfaces are generally modified to achieve some specific surface properties to satisfy requirements of clinical medicine. In our work, hexadecylphosphonic acid (HDPA) films were successfully formed on Ti6Al4V and subsequently confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. The tribological properties of the HDPA-modified Ti6Al4V were investigated using a ball-on-disk tribometer with a linear reciprocating movement. Experimental results indicate that the HDPA-modified Ti6Al4V can maintain a low friction coefficient (approximately 0.06) for 4 h when sliding against polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) balls under a load of 0.8 N in comparison to bare Ti6Al4V (approximately 0.2); the friction coefficient of the HDPA-modified Ti6Al4V shows a 70% decline. In addition, the wear rate of PTFE balls sliding against bare Ti6Al4V was almost twenty times that of PTFE balls sliding against the HDPA-modified Ti6Al4V. Moreover, results of tribological experiments for different speeds (from 3 to 24 mm/s) and loads (from 0.8 to 3.2 N) proved that the HDPA-modified Ti6Al4V was not sensitive to both velocity and load. The friction coefficients were still low and stable even under a high load of 3.2 N or at a high speed of 24 mm/s. This indicates that this soft modification is an optional method of improving tribological properties of Ti6Al4V.

First-principles calculations combined with XRD simulations are performed to systematically study crystal structures, bonding characteristics and electronic structures of LixCoSiO4(x= 2.0, 1.5, 1.0) polymorphs with symmetries Pmn21-DP and Pbn21. The calculated average voltages by lithium extraction agree well with available experiments. CoO4tetrahedron is the key structural unit to track the process of delithiation. The oxidation of CoO4tetrahedron results in a special pattern of bonding characteristic, which corresponds to spin ordering and may be observable in XRD spectra according to simulation. We find delithiated phases are intrinsic Mott insulators, electronic band gaps change from Mott–Hubbard-type to charge-transfer-type during lithium removing. The swapping of near-gap states is associated with the contraction of the oxidized CoO4units, indicating Peierls distortions that may be the physical origin of capacity degrading of Co–silicate chemistry.

As a continuous effort toward developing novel and highly efficient agrochemicals for integrated management of crop pathogens, two series of oxime ester derivatives from indole and tetrahydroquinoline natural scaffolds were prepared. Guided by the preliminary inhibition rates against ubiquitous and representative fungi, the antifungal profile of the target compounds against Valsa maliwas intensively and extensively studied. The tetrahydroquinoline-based derivatives 12a–12rexerted a promising inhibition effect, especially against V. mali. The remarkable compounds 12p(R = 4-OCF3) and 12r(R = 4-OBn) with EC50values of 0.81 and 0.47 μg/mL, respectively, have a far more prominent activity than commercial fungicide trifloxystrobin. The biochemistry and physiology responses of V. maliafter treatment with target compound 12pwas examined, and the fruit body production, hyphae morphology, and organelles were profoundly affected. Moreover, the curative effects of compound 12pon apple detached branches and leaves were 57.69 and 64.84% at 100 μg/mL, respectively, which were even superior to that of trifloxystrobin. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship model [comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA): q2= 0.823, r2= 0.924, F= 189.781, and standard error of estimation (SEE) = 0.138 and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA): q2= 0.795, r2= 0.904, F= 145.644, and SEE = 0.156] indicated that the antifungal activity of target compounds was facilitated by crucial structural factors, which would render inspiration for further design and discovery of novel fungicidal candidates.

Flexspline frictional degradation causes failure of harmonic drives. This study focused on the improvement of the flexspline tribological properties. Flexspline material 40Cr was modified with a robust polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating. Etched and chemically modified films were utilized to enhance the organic PDMS coating–substrate link strength. Comparing modified and unmodified 40Cr, the surface friction coefficient decreased by 82.2%. Moreover, the modified 40Cr exhibited excellent load-bearing properties. The effects of speed and lubricant–coating interaction on the tribological properties were verified. This study provides an essential theoretical basis for improving the tribological performance of harmonic drives via soft coating modification.

Taking a textile enterprise as the model, discussing its business process, a new textile production planning system is developed based on process control. Firstly, production status of the enterprise is analysed, and then design and control of the system process is introduced. Secondly, function of automatic production planning as well as loom monitoring and scheduling in the system are specially put forward to change the chaotic production planning, and then modular design for the system is analysed. At last, implementations of the production planning management module, the loom monitoring and scheduling module and the main interface are introduced, later on application effect of the system in the textile enterprise is summarised.

Abstracts: Androgen and the androgen receptor (AR) have been shown to play critical roles in male fertility. Our previous data demonstrated that mice lacking AR (AR−/y) revealed incomplete germ cell development and lowered serum testosterone levels, which resulted in azoospermia and infertility. However, the consequences of AR loss in Leydig cells remain largely unknown. Using a Cre-LoxP conditional knockout strategy, we generated a tissue-specific knockout mouse (L-AR−/y) with the AR gene deleted by the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor-2 (Amhr2) promoter driven Cre expressed in Leydig cells. Phenotype analyses show that the outside appearance of L-AR−/y mice was indistinguishable from wild type mice (AR+/y), but with atrophied testes and epididymis. L-AR−/y mice were infertile, with spermatogenic arrest predominately at the round spermatid stage and no sperm could be detected in the epididymis. L-AR−/y mice also have lower serum testosterone concentrations and higher serum leuteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations than AR+/y mice. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that hypotestosteronemia in L-AR−/y mice is not caused by reducing numbers of Leydig cells, but instead by the alterations of several key steroidogenic enzymes, including 17β-HSD3, 3β-HSD6, and P450c17. Together, L-AR−/y mice provide in vivo evidence that functional AR in Leydig cells is essential to maintain normal spermatogenesis, testosterone production, and required for normal male fertility.

A series of ternary organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are fabricated with one wide bandgap polymer D18-Cl as donor, and well compatible Y6 and Y6-1O as acceptor. The open-circuit-voltage (VOC) of ternary OPVs is monotonously increased along with the incorporation of Y6-1O, indicating that the alloy state should be formed between Y6 and Y6-1O due to their excellent compatibility. The energy loss can be minimized by incorporating Y6-1O, leading to the VOCimprovement of ternary OPVs. By finely adjusting the Y6-1O content, a power conversion efficiency of 17.91% is achieved in the optimal ternary OPVs with 30 wt% Y6-1O in acceptors, resulting from synchronously improved short-circuit-current density (JSC) of 25.87 mA cm−2, fill factor (FF) of 76.92% and VOCof 0.900 V in comparison with those of D18-Cl : Y6 binary OPVs. The JSCand FF improvement of ternary OPVs should be ascribed to comprehensively optimal photon harvesting, exciton dissociation and charge transport in ternary active layers. The more efficient charge separation and transport process in ternary active layers can be confirmed by the magneto-photocurrent and impedance spectroscopy experimental results, respectively. This work provides new insight into constructing highly efficient ternary OPVs with well compatible Y6 and its derivative as acceptor.By employing the well compatible Y6 : Y6-1O as acceptor and wide bandgap polymer D18-Cl as donor, the PCE of 17.91% is achieved in optimized ternary OPVs, resulting from the simultaneously improved JSC, FF and VOC.

Several previous studies on the abundances of neutron-capture elements have indicated that, for most metal-poor stars, the observed abundances of the heavy elements cannot be matched by only one neutron-capture process, either the solar system r-process or the solar s-process abundances. However, the observed abundances can be well matched by the combined contributions from both of these solar system neutron-capture processes in certain proportions. So it is necessary to determine the relative contributions from the individual neutron-capture processes to the abundances of the heavy elements in metal-poor stars. In this paper we suggest a new concept of component coefficients to describe the relative contributions of the individual n-processes to the synthesis of the heavy elements and we set up a model to calculate the component coefficients and the abundances of heavy elements in metal-poor stars with different metallicities. With this model, we then calculate the component coefficients and the abundances of the heavy elements in 18 metal-poor stars. We find that, for most sample stars, the model calculations are basically in agreement with the observations of the heavy elemental abundances within the error limits and the fits of the model predictions are much better for the heaviest elements than for the lighter elements, specifically for Sr, Y, and Zr. We discuss this result and give a possible explanation for it. Moreover, we also discuss the physical meanings of the component coefficients.

Black liquor is an important pollutant in the pulp industry, but it also has the potential for high-value utilization. In this study, lignin extracted from black liquor was hydrothermally prepared into lignin-based carbon quantum dots (L-CQDs) using a one-pot method. Physicochemical characterization suggested that the L-CQDs exhibited a lamellar core–shell multilayered graphene structure surrounded by oxygen-containing functional groups. The fluorescence intensity of the L-CQDs was strengthened depending on their own concentration dependence and the doping of external groups. The fluorescence intensity of L-CQDs varied between 89.09 and 183.66 under different concentrations, and the most intense fluorescence (183.66) was obtained at 0.1 mg mL–1. At hydroxyl and amino adsorption capacities of 11.08 and 0.98 mmol g–1, the hydroxylated RL-CQDs-5 and aminated NL-CQDs-3 exhibited the highest fluorescence intensities at 689.22 and 605.39, respectively. Moreover, when pristine L-CQDs were sequentially aminated and hydroxylated, the NRL-CQDs’ fluorescence intensity reached 1224.92. Cell imaging experiments proved that cells cultivated with NRL-CQDs have brighter fluorescence compared with L-CQDs. The results will render L-CQDs more suitable for practical applications.

Kesterite-based Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4(CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells have attracted great interest in the field of photovoltaic technology due to their earth-abundant and environment-benign constituents. However, the efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells reaches a bottleneck stage of 12.6%, which has been improved from the aspects of the absorption layer and interface contact. Herein, the effect of oxygen-doped molybdenum selenide (Mo(Se1–x, Ox)2) on the back interface contact of the CZTSSe solar cells has been investigated using SCAPS software, revealing that oxygen doping could regulate the band gap of Mo(Se1–x, Ox)2, thus greatly optimizing the band arrangement at both the Mo/Mo(Se1–x, Ox)2interface and the Mo(Se1–x, Ox)2/CZTSSe interface. These numerical results illustrate that the Mo(Se1–x, Ox)2layer with a higher carrier concentration and appropriate band gap (0.9 eV) can optimize the band alignment of the back interface and effectively promote solar cell performance from the energy conversion efficiency of 9.93% with an oxygen-free MoSe2layer up to 19.27% with oxygen-doped Mo(Se1–x, Ox)2. These encouraging results demonstrate that oxygen-doped Mo(Se1–x, Ox)2is an essential route to improve the back interface contact of CZTSSe solar cells, which may also be generally applicable to other thin-film solar cells.

Organic nonfullerene acceptors (NFA) have received tremendous research interests due to the efficient interfacial charge transfer (CT) when they combine with polymeric donors. It is of critical importance to unravel, to which extent, spin-dependent excited states, energetic disorder and photo-induced polarization are essentially correlated, and eventually contribute for the photovoltaic action. Herein, we explore them in a polymer-NFA ITTC based organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell. With assist of magneto-photocurrent measurements at the short-circuit current density (Jsc) condition and steady state impedance spectroscopic measurements, the dominant mechanism for the Jscgeneration is governed by the triplet-charge reaction. We postulate that long lived triplets are more likely to interact with trapped charges at excited states, giving rise to Jsc. It turns out that the trap states may not always act as passive role for the energy loss in the organic photovoltaic system. More importantly, both applied bias voltage and light can effectively manipulate the magnitude and sign of the magneto-photocurrent. By quenching the photo-generated build-in field, the bias-dependent magneto-photocurrent evidently proves the efficient dissociation of polaron pairs at CT states. In particular, the photo-excitation wavelength has strong impact on the hyperfine field. Lastly, we demonstrate that the double beam photo-excitation generated dipole-dipole interaction assists for the electron-hole dissociation. Our work may pave the way for understanding the inside spin- and photo-physical phenomena in the NFA based organic photovoltaic system.

There were a total of 81 weed species in the northern suburbs of Meizhou, belonging to 34 families and 71 genera, and most of them were dicotyledons. Asteraceae and Gramineae were the dominant families. The genera were mainly distributed in the tropical zone, accounting for 71.83% of the total species, with a strong tropical. The short-lived weeds in the first and second year accounts for 53.09% of the total species, and there were more annual weeds. From the light intensity adaptability point of view, these vegetable weeds were dominated by light-demanding and shade-tolerant plants. From the standpoint of water adaptability, most of them were mesophytes. Weeds with a high degree of damage to vegetable crops were usually herbs, meeting the R countermeasures, having strong ecological adaptability, strong reproduction ability, and high competitiveness, and can spread rapidly in the wild. In addition, a total of 19 alien invasive species were found in this weed community, with the largest number in the Asteraceae family and most originating from tropical America. Among them, Alternanthera philoxeroides,Wedelia trilobata, etc. can form a single superior community, causing great harm. These weeds have strong resistance to herbicides, insecticides, domestic sewage, etc., so how to control them is still a difficult problem.

Abstract: The traditional immune algorithm (IA) is based on a self–nonself biological immunity mechanism. Recently, a novel immune theory called the danger model theory has provided more suitable biological information for data handling compared with the self–nonself mechanism. According to the danger model theory and based on past experiences of the genetic and artificial IA, we present the Danger Model Immune Algorithm (DMIA) that differs from the traditional IA in terms of the self–nonself biological immunity mechanism. We define a danger area and a danger signal in DMIA. We use the selection, mutation, and specific danger operators to update the population. The algorithm can achieve complex problem optimization. Simulation studies demonstrate that DMIA exhibits a higher efficiency than traditional genetic algorithms and other algorithms when considering a number of complicated functions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]