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This paper presents the results of experimental studies in the field of the electric-arc synthesis of a solid solution of TiZrNbHfTaC5multicomponent carbide using an atmospheric plasma reactor. The implementation of the synthesis of carbide in air is possible due to the formation of a buffer layer of carbon monoxide, which prevents the oxidation of synthesis products. It is shown that when TiO2, ZrO2, Nb2O5, HfO2, and Ta2O5metal-oxide powders are used as precursors, it is possible to provide such parameters of the synthesis process that ensure the formation of a high-entropy TiZrNbHfTaC5carbide phase with a face-centered cubic lattice. According to the data of transmission electron microscopy, the synthesis products contain particles with a wide size distribution from tens of micrometers to submicron and nanoscale ones.

ABSTRACT The use of structural asphalt layers inside ballasted railway tracks is attractive because it can increase track bending stiffness. Therefore, for the first time, this paper investigates the long-term [...]

Purpose: Prolactinoma is the most common type of pituitary adenoma. Most prolactinoma need medical treatment, but some of them are aggressive and require surgery. In previous decades, some miRNAs have been manifested as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Consequently, miRNAs' abnormal expression involves tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis of different types of tumors, including pituitary tumors. The current study aim to explore the aggressiveness-associated miRNAs in prolactinoma and underlying molecular mechanisms based on the bioinformatic analysis and fundamental experiment studies. Methods: GSE46294 miRNA expression profile from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was downloaded. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were filtered from this data. Subsequently, the target genes of downregulated miRNAs were analyzed by Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. RT-qPCR, western blot, and CCK-8 assays were used to validate the effect of miR-137 on the proliferation of MMQ cells through AKT2. Finally, the binding site of rat miR-137 to AKT2 were predicted by Targetscanand Bibiservdatabase, and verified by double luciferase reporter assay. Results: Twenty-four changed DEMs (fourteen upregulated and ten downregulated) were identified. Target genes of downregulated DEMs were classified into three groups by GO terms. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed these target genes enriched in the PI3K-Akt pathway. We also confirmed that miR-137 can target AKT2 and inhibit the proliferation of MMQ cells induced by AKT2. Conclusion: MiR-137 suppressed prolactinomas' aggressive behavior by targeting AKT2.

Abstract The application of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and plastic media for blasting and erosion wear of wood is studied. Potential applications of blasting for deburring, cleaning, and weathering (surface [...]

The carbon balance of peatlands is predicted to shift from a sink to a source this century. However, peatland ecosystems are still omitted from the main Earth system models that are used for future climate change projections, and they are not considered in integrated assessment models that are used in impact and mitigation studies. By using evidence synthesized from the literature and an expert elicitation, we define and quantify the leading drivers of change that have impacted peatland carbon stocks during the Holocene and predict their effect during this century and in the far future. We also identify uncertainties and knowledge gaps in the scientific community and provide insight towards better integration of peatlands into modelling frameworks. Given the importance of the contribution by peatlands to the global carbon cycle, this study shows that peatland science is a critical research area and that we still have a long way to go to fully understand the peatland–carbon–climate nexus.

Multicentre epidemiological survey was conducted to determine the factors associated with difference in prevalence of asthma in children in different regions of China. It was concluded that environmental factors and diet, including consumption of fruits and raw vegetables, might explain the differences in prevalence of asthma between children living in different regions of China.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea, a disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), results in large economic losses to the global swine industry. To manage this disease effectively, it is essential to detect PEDV early and accurately. We developed a sensitive and accurate droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay to detect PEDV. The optimal primer-to-probe concentration and melting temperature were identified as 300:200 nM and 59.2°C, respectively. The specificity of the ddPCR assay was confirmed by negative test results for common swine pathogens. The detection limit for the ddPCR was 0.26 copies/μL, which is a 5.7-fold increase in sensitivity compared to that of real-time PCR (rtPCR). Both ddPCR and rtPCR assays exhibited good linearity, although ddPCR provided higher sensitivity for clinical detection compared to that of rtPCR. Our ddPCR methodology provides a promising tool for evaluating the PEDV viral load when used for clinical testing, particularly for detecting samples with low-copy viral loads.

Owing to the special planar structure and very high resistivity, Z-type hexaferrites possess the high initial permeability and cut-off frequency, indicating great application potential in high-frequency devices. Strontium Co2Z hexaferrites (Sr3Co2Fe24O41) were successfully prepared by the sol–gel method and calcined at the different temperatures from 1175∘C to 1250∘C. The influence of the calcined temperatures on the microstructure, phase structures, magnetic properties and microwave absorption behavior of all samples was investigated in detail. All results indicated that strontium hexaferrites go through the M-, Y-, Z-, and W-phase transformation process from 1175∘C to 1250∘C, and S-1200 (calcined at 1200∘C) is confirmed to be Co2Z-type hexaferrites. S-1200 showed the highest imaginary permeability while the imaginary permittivity of all samples is close to zero, indicating the excellent microwave adsorption behavior of strontium Co2Z hexaferrites. The reflection loss results indicate that S-1200 exhibits the best microwave absorption performance with the RL value of −32.4 dB for 4.0 mm thickness at 4.72 GHz, according to the impedance matching and quarter-wavelength theory.

Robot-assisted incremental flanging (RAIF), a cost-effective and promising forming technology for producing large-size open-edge flanged parts in multi-variety and small batches, is expected to be widely used in aerospace, automotive and other technological industries. As a multi-pass incremental forming technique, the forming quality of the flanged parts is dependent on the movement of the roller controlled by the robot directly. The toolpath of a certain pass is determined by the rotation velocity (to adjust the flanging angle), the revolution velocity (to complete the flanging process of the whole blank sheet) and the matching relationship between two velocities (synchronously or asynchronously). In this paper, the process principle of RAIF technology is illustrated by using the example of shrink flanging firstly, then the effects of asynchronous motion and synchronous motion on the forming quality of a 60° flanged part made of the 5A06 aluminum alloy are compared while the rotation and revolution velocity of the roller are set to 1°/s and 1.8°/s, respectively. Results show that the forming quality is improved significantly that the maximum height of edge waves is decreased from 2.1 mm to 0.19 mm when the roller is set to rotate and revolve synchronously. Based on the above comparison results, the rotation velocity is set as 1°/s, 1.33°/s, 2°/s and 4°/s respectively to further investigate the effect of different toolpaths on the forming quality under synchronous motion conditions. It can be found that the maximum stress gradually increases from 575.4 MPa to 621.6 MPa when the rotation velocity decreases from 4°/s to 1°/s.

In this work, we report a ligand-deficient layered cerium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets grown on carbon nanotube (CNT) substrates and its application in electrochemical sensors. The construction of layered MOF nanosheet materials is based on CNTs as the backbone and relies on the low ligand-metal ratios which is controlled by the loaded organic ligands on the surface of CNTs, providing a new approach for the application of 2D MOFs in the field of electrochemical sensing. The obtained 2D MOFs possess unique layered structure and hierarchical connectivity channels, providing highly efficient and stable pathways for electron, ion, and mass transport. The synthesized layered 2D CNTs@Ce-MOF nanosheet hybrid material uses Ce as the center ion and electrocatalytic active material for nitrite sensing. This material exhibits excellent nitrite detection performance within two wider linear ranges of 0.65–3.25 μM and 3.25–7000 μM with the sensitivity of 87.65 ± 0.6 μA·μM−1·cm2and 0.35 ± 0.03 μA·μM−1·cm−2, respectively. The detection limit is estimated to be 0.12 μM according to signal to noise ratio (S/N) = 3. As the result, the prepared sensors possess advantages in aspects of reproducibility, stability, selectivity and responsiveness in comparison to the reported ones.

To better understand the role of reactive Fe (FeR) in the preservation of sedimentary organic carbon (SOC) in estuarine sediments, we examined specific surface area, grain size composition, total OC (TOC), lignin phenols, FeR, FeR‐associated OC (Fe‐OC) and lignin phenols (Fe‐lignin), and δ13C of FeR‐associated OC (δ13CFe‐OC) in surface sediments of the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent shelf. An estimated 7.4 ± 3.5% of the OC was directly bound with FeRin the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent shelf. Unusually low TOC/specific surface area loadings and Fe‐OC/Fe ratios in mobile muds suggest that frequent physical reworking may reduce FeRbinding with OC, with selective loss of marine OC. More depleted 13CFe‐OCrelative to 13C of TOC (13Cbulk) in deltaic regions and mobile muds showed that FeRwas largely associated with terrestrial OC, derived from extensive riverine OC and Fe inputs. A higher proportion of hematite in the mobile muds compared to the offshore samples indicated that Fe oxides are likely subjected to selective sorting and/or become mature during long‐term sediment transport. When considering the percentage of Fe‐OC to SOC and SOC burial rates in different marine environments (e.g., nondeltaic shelf, anoxic basins, slope, and deep sea), our findings suggest that about 15.6 ± 6.5% of SOC is directly bound to FeRon a global scale, which is lower than the previous estimation (~21.5%). This work further supports the notion of a Rusty Sinkwhere, in this case, FeRplays an important role in the preservation and potential transport of terrestrial OC in the marine environment. Extensive sediment resuspension may reduce reactive iron binding with marine‐derived OCAbout 15.6% of sedimentary OC burial is directly associated with reactive iron on a global scaleThe reactive iron plays an important role in stabilization of terrestrial SOC

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This study aimed to compare the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) in Singapore. The data used in this study were from two cross-sectional surveys of ESRD patients. HRQOL was assessed using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) instrument. Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical data were collected. The physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores, kidney disease component summary (KDCS) score and its three scales (symptoms, effects, burden), and one health utility score [EuroQol 5-dimension (EQ-5D)] were calculated and compared between CAPD and APD using multivariate linear regression. In total, 266 patients were included, with 145 on CAPD (mean age 60.8 years) and 121 on APD (mean age 57.4 years). After adjustment for all variables collected, APD patients had significant higher scores in PCS and KDQOL symptoms than CAPD patients, suggesting that APD was associated with better physical health and milder dialysis-related symptoms. The HRQOL of CAPD and APD patients was largely equivalent in Singapore, but APD patients seemed to experience better physical health and be less bothered by dialysis-related symptoms.

Contaminated water is one of the main infection routes for serious diseases, and water remediation of different environmental contaminations is an urge today. Here, we introduce a novel high-μ ribbon FeBSi–ZnO magnetoelectric (ME) nanocomposite that exhibits a magnetoelectric–photocatalytic (MEPC) coupling effect, which further enhances electrochemical activity for water remediation. Compared to the previously reported ultrasonic piezoelectric-photocatalytic technique, the proposed MEPC coupling system is 100–1200 times more energy-efficient. This energy-efficient catalysis can be attributed to the effective charge energy shifting generated by the low-power MEPC coupling system, which promotes the surface redox reaction via transferred electrons and holes and generation of the reactive oxygen species of •O−2and •OH. It is also found that the kinetic rate of organic pollutant degradation under MEPC activity is approximately three times faster than that of a pure PC process. The degradation efficiency for indigo carmine (IC), methyl orange (MO), and rhodamine B (RB) organic pollutants is 98% (less than 60 min), 97%, and 92% within 120 min, respectively. Also, MEPC activity could conduct 99.9% reduction of E. colibacteria within 30 min. This study, therefore, provides an original MEPC system and an effective strategy for the sustainable environmental remediation endowed with an energy-efficient and low-cost nature owing to the multiphysical field synergetic effect.

Clinical intervention for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) remains challenging due to the inevitable recurrence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) with serial tumor-propagating capacity are considered to be the driving force for PCa progression and recurrence. In this study, we report that the miR-302/367 cluster, a previously identified potent pluripotency regulator, is upregulated in prostate tumors. Specifically, the forced expression of the miR-302/367 cluster accelerates the in vitroand in vivogrowth of PCa cells and their resistance to androgen ablation, whereas the knockdown of the miR-302/367 cluster using anti-sense RNA suppresses the incidence of formation, growth rate and endpoint weight of PCa cell tumors. Mechanistically, we find that LATS2, a key component of the tumor-suppressive Hippo signaling pathway, acts as a direct target of the miR-302/367 cluster in PCa cells. The downregulation of LATS2 by the miR-302/367 cluster reduces the phosphorylation and enhances the nuclear translocation of the YAP oncoprotein. Conversely, the restoration of LATS2 expression abrogates the tumor-promoting effects of forced miR-302/367 cluster expression. Collectively, the potent pluripotency regulator-triggered miR-302/367/LATS2/YAP pathway is essential for prostate tumor-propagating cells and promotes castration resistance. Thus, targeting this signaling axis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for CRPC.

Previous studies in general people indicated that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) increased the risk of subsequent hypertension after delivery. Some studies found that women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) had an increased risk of HDP. However, very few studies have assessed the association between HDP and the risk of postpartum hypertension among GDM women. To evaluate the association between HDP and the risk of postpartum hypertension among GDM women, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in 1261 women with prior GDM at their postpartum 1–5 years using the baseline data from Tianjin Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Program. Cox regression models were applied to assess the single and joint associations of having a history of HDP, maternal pre-pregnancy Body mass index (BMI) (normal weight, overweight and obesity), and weight change from preconception to post-delivery with the risk of subsequent hypertension among the GDM women. We found that GDM women with a history of HDP, high pre-pregnancy BMI and weight gain >7 kg from preconception to post-delivery had an increased risk of postpartum hypertension. Joint effects analysis revealed that the positive association between a history of HDP in the index pregnancy and the risk of postpartum hypertension was consistent in GDM women with different levels of pre-pregnancy BMI or weight gain from preconception to post-delivery. In conclusion, a history of HDP, high pre-pregnancy BMI and weight gain >7 kg from preconception to post-delivery increase the risk of subsequent hypertension in postpartum 1–5 years among GDM women.

Currently, a lot of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been confirmed to be closely related with liver cancer occurrence and development. This study was aimed to explore the role of miR-152-5p in liver cancer. HepG2 and MHCC97 cells were transfected with miR-152-5p mimic, inhibitor or corresponding scramble controls, respectively. The expression level of miR-152-5p in transfected cells was detected by qPCR. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion of miR-transfected cells were measured to determine the effect of miR-152-5p on the activity of hepatoma cells. The protein expressions of fork head transcription factor O (FOXO) and apoptosis related factors in miR-transfected cells were detected by western blot assay. In addition, western blot was used to detect the relationship of FOXO expression and mainly factors of the JNK signaling pathway after concurrent treatment with miR-152-5p mimic and JNK inhibitor. The results showed that the miR-152-5p was effectively overexpressed or repressed in both HepG2 and MHCC97 cells. Overexpression of miR-152-5p inhibited cell viability, promoted apoptosis, and reduced migration and invasion. In these cells, miR-152-5p overexpression activated the expression of apoptosis-related factors and upregulated the expression of FOXO by activating the phosphorylation of mainly factors in the JNK pathway. miR-152-5p might be a potential anti-tumor factor for liver cancer treatment.

This paper focuses on the deformation mechanism of aluminum alloy cylinder with multi-level stiffeners in flow spinning. A flow spinning finite element model is established based on ABAQUS software, and the material flowing and damage behavior between different width stiffeners were analyzed. The research results can provide guidance for spinning process of aluminum alloy cylinder with multi-level stiffeners.

The degree of polycondensation (DP) has significantly affected the physical and chemical performance of polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (PCN), especially in optimizing the electronic structure and surface chemical properties, thus regulating DP is a promising strategy for improving the photocatalytic performance of graphitic carbon nitride. This investigation supplies a facile procedure, step-by-step polymerization, to synthesize porous carbon nitride nanosheets (PCNNs) with different DP. The PCNNs revealed an uplifted visible-light-driven (λ ˃ 420 nm) photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 415.6 μmol/h/g, which is approximately 7.3-fold higher than that of PCN. The increased activity of PCNNS would be originated from the porous structure with good hydrophilicity and the higher DP of the heptazine unit facilitating the separation and transport of photoexcited carriers. This work successfully demonstrates a prospective post-synthesis strategy effective for boosting the performance of graphitic carbon nitride.

This paper presents the large angle attitude manoeuvre control design of a single-axis flexible spacecraft system that consists of a central rigid body and a cantilever beam with bonded piezoelectric sensor/actuator pairs as a flexible appendage. The proposed control strategy combines the attitude controller designed by the adaptive robust control technique with the active vibration controller designed by the positive position feedback control method. The desired angular position of the spacecraft is planned and an adaptive robust attitude control approach based on a projection type adaptation law is proposed to track the planned path and to achieve precise attitude manoeuvre control. Meanwhile, the positive position feedback control method is applied to actively increase the damping of the flexible appendage and to suppress the residual vibration induced by manoeuvre. Improved transient and steady state performance during and after large angle attitude manoeuvre can be both achieved by integration of the technical merits of all these control methods. Analytical and numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, and it involves extensive local tumour invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis. Understanding the mechanisms regulating the progression of GC is necessary for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Transducin (β)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 (TBL1XR1) is an important regulator controlling gene activation and repression, which has been thought to be involved in tumorigenesis. However, the role of TBL1XR1 in human GC remains largely unknown. Here, we find that TBL1XR1 is aberrantly expressed in human GC tissues, and TBL1XR1 levels are highly correlated with local tumour invasion, late tumor, lymph node, metastasis (TNM) stage and poor prognosis. Knockdown of TBL1XR1 by shRNA inhibits GC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis and peritoneal metastasis in vivo, whereas overexpression of TBL1XR1 produces the opposite effects. These effects are mediated by activation of the ERK1/2 signalling pathway, and inhibition of this pathway with a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) significantly impairs the tumour-promoting effects induced by TBL1XR1. Moreover, TBL1XR1 mediated ERK1/2 activation is dependent on the β-catenin/MMP7/EGFR signalling pathway. In conclusion, TBL1XR1 contributes to GC tumorigenesis and progression through the activation of the β-catenin/MMP7/EGFR/ERK signalling pathway and may act as a new therapeutic target for GC.

The type III secretion (T3S) injectisome is a specialized protein nanomachine that is critical for the pathogenicity of many Gram-negative bacteria, including purveyors of plague, typhoid fever, whooping cough, sexually transmitted infections and major nosocomial infections. This syringe-shaped 3.5-MDa macromolecular assembly spans both bacterial membranes and that of the infected host cell. The internal channel formed by the injectisome allows for the direct delivery of partially unfolded virulence effectors into the host cytoplasm. The structural foundation of the injectisome is the basal body, a molecular lock-nut structure composed predominantly of three proteins that form highly oligomerized concentric rings spanning the inner and outer membranes. Here we present the structure of the prototypical Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pathogenicity island 1 basal body, determined using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, with the inner-membrane-ring and outer-membrane-ring oligomers defined at 4.3 Å and 3.6 Å resolution, respectively. This work presents the first, to our knowledge, high-resolution structural characterization of the major components of the basal body in the assembled state, including that of the widespread class of outer-membrane portals known as secretins.

Glypican-5 (GPC5) is a member of the heparin sulfate proteoglycans. Previous studies of GPC5 in lung tumorigenesis showed conflicting results. In this study, we confirmed that GPC5was downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with adjacent normal lung tissues. The low expression of GPC5was significantly associated with poor outcome in lung adenocarcinoma. To understand the biological mechanism of the downregulation, we examined the promoter methylation status of GPC5gene. We found that GPC5was significantly hypermethylated in lung cancer tissues and lung cancer cell lines compared with normal lung tissues. The methylation level of GPC5was negatively correlated with its transcriptional expression. De-methylation experiments further confirmed that the loss of GPC5expression was regulated by its hypermethylation. Overexpression of GPC5 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells in vitro, and repressed tumor growth in vivo, whereas knockdown of GPC5 was able to reverse the effect. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GPC5 could suppress the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling by binding to Wnt3a at the cell surface, which mediated its function as a tumor suppressor. Overall, these findings demonstrate that GPC5 is a novel epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor, which inhibits tumor growth by suppressing Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in lung adenocarcinoma. Our findings substantially expand our understanding about the role and the molecular mechanism of GPC5 in tumorigenesis of lung cancer.

Allograft vasculopathy (AV) is characterized by diffuse stenoses in the vasculature of solid organ transplants. Previously, we developed two humanized models showing that alloantibody and ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) exacerbated T cell–mediated AV in human arterial xenografts in vivo. Herein we examined a causal role for terminal complement activation in both settings. IRI, in contrast to alloantibody, elicited widespread membrane attack complex (MAC) assembly throughout the vessel wall. Both alloantibody and IRI caused early (24 h) and robust endothelial cell (EC) activation localized to regions of intimal MAC deposition, indicated by increases in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)–inducing kinase, an MAC-dependent activator of noncanonical NF-kB, VCAM-1 expression and Gr-1+ neutrophil infiltration. Endothelial cell activation by alloantibody was inhibited by antimouse C5 mAb, but not by anti-C5a mAb or by control mAb, implicating MAC as the primary target of anti-C5 mAb. Antimouse C5 mAb significantly reduced alloantibody- and IRI-enhanced T cell infiltration and AV-like changes, including neointimal hyperplasia as well as intraluminal thrombosis in a subset of IRI-treated arterial grafts. These results indicate that increased AV lesion formation in response to either alloantibody or IRI is dependent on complement C5 activation and, accordingly, inhibition of this pathway may attenuate AV.

The complement system plays a critical role in ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI)–mediated delayed graft function (DGF). To better understand the roles of complement activation pathways in IRIin kidney transplantation, donor kidneys were treated ex vivowith terminal complement pathway (TP) inhibitor, anti‐rat C5 mAb 18A10, or complement alternative pathway (AP) inhibitor TT30 for 28 h at 4°C pretransplantation in a syngeneic kidney transplantation rat model. All 18A10‐ and 67% of TT30‐pretreated grafts, but only 16.7% of isotype control‐pretreated grafts, survived beyond day 21 (p < 0.01). Inhibitor treatment in the final 45 min of 28‐h cold ischemia (CI) similarly improved graft survival. Systemic posttransplant treatment with 18A10 resulted in 60% increased graft survival beyond day 21 (p < 0.01), while no TT30‐treated rat survived > 6 days. Our results demonstrate that APplays a prominent role during CIand that blocking either the APor, more effectively the TPprevents ischemic injury and subsequent DGF. Multiple complement pathways may be activated and contribute to reperfusion injury; blocking the TP, but not the AP, posttransplant is effective in preventing reperfusion injury and increasing graft survival. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using complement inhibitors for prevention of DGFin humans. Blockade of a specific complement pathway during cold ischemia or reperfusion reduces ischemia–reperfusion injury and the subsequent development of delayed graft function in a syngeneic kidney transplantation rat model.

Euroleon coreanus(Okamoto) is widely distributed in China, and the larval stage can be treated as traditional Chinese medicine. However, the host-bacterium relationship remains unexplored, as there is a lack of knowledge on the microbial community of ant lions. Hence, in the current study, we explored the microbial community of the larval ant lion E. coreanususing Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Results indicated that a total of 10 phyla, 126 genera, and 145 species were characterized from the second instars of E. coreanus, and most of the microbes were classified in the phylum Proteobacteria. Cronobacter muytjensiiwas the most abundant species characterized in the whole body and gut of E. coreanus, and the unclassified species in the genera Brevundimonasand Lactobacilluswere relatively more abundant in the head and carcass. In addition, no Wolbachia-like bacteria were detected, whereas bacteria like Francisella tularensissubsp. Holarctica OSU18 and unclassified Rickettsiellawere first identified in ant lion E. coreanus.

The presence of bacteria, existing as highly organized biofilm communities, in chronic non-healing wounds has been identified as a significant impediment for wound healing. Nanozymes, with unique antimicrobial mechanisms, as a new alternative for antibiotics, have the potential to synergize with nitric oxide (NO) with enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm ability. However, the always-on state of nanozymes and the reactivity of NO limit their clinical applications. In this context, an intelligent and multifunctional Pd-MOF@PAzo@SNP nanoplatform was fabricated using UiO-66 as a palladium (Pd) nanozyme-loading vehicle, then a surface modification with photosensitive polyazobenzene (PAzo), and the adsorption of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) via a host-guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin-modified hyaluronic acid (β-CD-HA) and azobenzene. The activity of Pd-nanozyme was easily controlled via ultraviolet (UV) light, and its photosensitivity was regulated by changing the side-chain unit length of PAzo. Furthermore, NO was released in response to the UV irradiation and played a synergistic role with the peroxidase activity of Pd nanozyme, exhibiting excellent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity in the presence of 0.01 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In vivo, Pd-MOF@PAzo@SNP accelerated the healing of a biofilm-infected diabetic wound by dispersing the biofilm, reducing bacterial burden, and promoting angiogenesis and collagen deposition. Overall, the nanoplatform provides a reliable and highly efficient strategy to develop an intelligent nanozyme synergy with NO therapy in chronic wound management.

Neutrino emissivity ($I_{\mathrm{URCA}}$) from the direct URCA (dURCA) process and the URCA processes with K-and $\overline{K}^{~0}$condensations are considered simultaneously in neutron star matter. The neutrino emissivity due to the dURCA process plays a dominant role. However, antikaon condensations change the chemical potential of electrons, the effective masses of nucleons and the matrix elements of the reaction for the dURCA process. These changes make the neutrino emissivity for the dURCA process decrease. In this case, with antikaon condensations the total neutrino emissivity becomes lower. We believe that antikaon condensations are unfavorable for fast cooling of neutron stars.

CD163 is a macrophage scavenger receptor with anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory functions. Here, we report that alveolar macrophages (AMΦs) from asthmatic subjects had reduced cell-surface expression of CD163, which suggested that CD163 might modulate the pathogenesis of asthma. Consistent with this, house dust mite (HDM)-challenged Cd163−/−mice displayed increases in airway eosinophils and mucous cell metaplasia (MCM). The increased airway eosinophils and MCM in HDM-challenged Cd163−/−mice were mediated by augmented CCL24 production and could be reversed by administration of a neutralizing anti-CCL24 antibody. A proteomic analysis identified the calcium-dependent binding of CD163 to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinuspeptidase 1 (Der p1). Der p1-challenged Cd163−/−mice had the same phenotype as HDM-challenged Cd163−/−mice with increases in airway eosinophils, MCM and CCL24 production, while Der p1 induced CCL24 secretion by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMΦs) from Cd163−/−mice, but not BMMΦs from wild-type (WT) mice. Finally, airway eosinophils and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid CCL24 levels were increased in Der p1-challenged WT mice that received adoptively transferred AMΦ's from Cd163−/−mice. Thus, we have identified CD163 as a macrophage receptor that binds Der p1. Furthermore, we have shown that HDM-challenged Cd163−/−mice have increased eosinophilic airway inflammation and MCM that are mediated by a CCL24-dependent mechanism.

The histone methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is frequently dysregulated in cancers, and gain-of-function (GOF) EZH2 mutations have been identified in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Small-molecule inhibitors against EZH2 demonstrated anti-tumor activity in EZH2-mutated lymphomas and entered clinical trials. Here, we developed models of acquired resistance to EZH2 inhibitor EI1 with EZH2-mutated lymphoma cells. Resistance was generated by secondary mutations in both wild-type (WT) and GOF Y641N EZH2 alleles. These EZH2 mutants retained the substrate specificity of their predecessor complexes but became refractory to biochemical inhibition by EZH2 inhibitors. Resistant cells were able to maintain a high level of H3K27Me3 in the presence of inhibitors. Interestingly, mutation of EZH2 WT alone generated an intermediate resistance phenotype, which is consistent with a previously proposed model of cooperation between EZH2 WT and Y641N mutants to promote tumorigenesis. In addition, the findings presented here have implications for the clinical translation of EZH2 inhibitors and underscore the need to develop novel EZH2 inhibitors to target potential resistance emerging in clinical settings.

In daylight, the human eye is exposed to long wavelength ultraviolet radiation (UVR), visible radiation and short wavelength infrared radiation (IRR). Almost all the UVR and a fraction of the IRR waveband, respectively, left over after attenuation in the cornea, is absorbed in the lens. The time delay between exposure and onset of biological response in the lens varies from immediate-to-short-to-late. After exposure to sunlight or artificial sources, generating irradiances of the same order of magnitude or slightly higher, biological damage may occur photochemically or thermally. Epidemiological studies suggest a dose-dependent association between short wavelength UVR and cortical cataract. Experimental data infer that repeated daily in vivo exposures to short wavelength UVR generate photochemically induced damage in the lens, and that short delay onset cataract after UVR exposure is photochemically induced. Epidemiology suggests that daily high-intensity short wavelength IRR exposure of workers, is associated with a higher prevalence of age-related cataract. It cannot be excluded that this effect is owing to a thermally induced higher denaturation rate. Recent experimental data rule out a photochemical effect of 1090 nm in the lens but other wavelengths in the near IRR should be investigated.