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The development of cathode materials has always been one of the most crucial areas of research in the field of sodium-ion batteries. Sulfate-based polyanionic materials, known for their high working voltage characteristics, have received widespread attention. In this work, a fluoro-sulfate sodium-ion battery cathode material, Na3Fe2(SO4)3F modified with carbon nanotubes, was developed using a low-temperature solid-state annealing method. This Na3Fe2(SO4)3F cathode exhibits an exceptionally high voltage of 3.77 V, excellent discharge capacity (102 mAh/g at 0.1C), and good rate capability. This material broadens the research directions for cathode materials and holds promise as a foundation for the further development of high-performance sodium-ion batteries.

Privacy disclosures and malevolent data intrusions targeting adversarial agents pose significant menaces to cyber-physical systems, a reality that extends to the intricate realm of micro-grid energy management. This paper proposes a homomorphic encryption based resilient distributed algorithm with an event-triggered mechanism to address this problem. Due to the potential information disclosure issue, exchange information is encrypted to an arbitrary neighbor and decrypted with a private key to protect agents. Considering the potential security attacks on adversary agents, an event-trigger based resilient distributed optimization with trusted agents (ETRDO-T) is proposed. It ensures the convergence of distributed algorithms, as well as relives the communication burden caused by homomorphic encryption. The simulation results, it can be seen that even under data attacks from malicious nodes, this method can effectively protect privacy information in information exchange while ensuring the convergence of energy management.

Anomaly detection is one of the most significant tasks in multivariate time series analysis, while it remains challenging to model complex patterns for improving detection accuracy and to interpret the root causes of anomalies. However, existing studies either consider only the temporal dependencies, or simply reconstruct the original input for detection, both neglecting the hidden relationships among multivariate. We propose an adversarial graph neural network based anomaly detection model, called SGAT-AE, which consists of a Self-learning Graph ATtention network (SGAT), an Auto-Encoder (AE), and an adversarial training component. Specifically, SGAT is a prediction model that discovers the graph dependency relationships among multivariate and acts as a sample generator to confuse AE, while AE reconstructs the samples and acts as a discriminator that distinguishes a real sample from a generated one. A novel adversarial training between SGAT and AE is applied to amplify the errors of anomalies such that the prediction performance of SGAT is improved and the overfitting of AE is avoided. In addition, we aggregate the prediction error, the reconstruction error, and the adversarial error for anomaly detection, and develop a graph based anomaly interpretation method that locates the root causes from both local and global perspectives. Extensive experiments with five real-world data offer evidence that the proposed solution SGAT-AE is capable of achieving better performance when compared with the state-of-the-art proposals.

The fabrication of complex assemblies with interesting collective properties from plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) is often challenging. While DNA-directed self-assembly has emerged as one of the most promising approaches to forming such complex assemblies, the resulting structures tend to have large variability in gap sizes and shapes, as the DNA strands used to organize these particles are flexible, and the polydispersity of the NPs leads to variability in these critical structural features. Here, we use a new strategy termed docking to DNA origami cages (D-DOC) to organize spherical NPs into a linear heterotrimer with a precisely defined geometrical arrangement. Instead of binding NPs to the exterior of the DNA templates, D-DOC binds the NPs to either the interior or the opening of a 3D cage, which significantly reduces the variability of critical structural features by incorporating multiple diametrically arranged capture strands to tether NPs. Additionally, such a spatial arrangement of the capture strand can work synergistically with shape complementarity to achieve tighter confinement. To assemble NPs via D-DOC, we developed a multistep assembly process that first encapsulates an NP inside a cage and then binds two other NPs to the openings. Microscopic characterization shows low variability in the bond angles and gap sizes. Both UV–vis absorption and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements showed strong plasmonic coupling that aligned with predictions by electrodynamic simulations, further confirming the precision of the assembly. These results suggest D-DOC could open new opportunities in biomolecular sensing, SERS and fluorescence spectroscopies, and energy harvesting through the self-assembly of NPs into more complex 3D assemblies.

Calcification of cartilage by hydroxyapatite is a hallmark of osteoarthritis and its deposition strongly correlates with the severity of osteoarthritis. However, no effective strategies are available to date on the prevention of hydroxyapatite deposition within the osteoarthritic cartilage and its role in the pathogenesis of this degenerative condition is still controversial. Therefore, the present work aims at uncovering the pathogenic mechanism of intra-cartilaginous hydroxyapatite in osteoarthritis and developing feasible strategies to counter its detrimental effects. With the use of in vitroand in vivomodels of osteoarthritis, hydroxyapatite crystallites deposited in the cartilage are found to be phagocytized by resident chondrocytes and processed by the lysosomes of those cells. This results in lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and release of cathepsin B (CTSB) into the cytosol. The cytosolic CTSB, in turn, activates NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and subsequently instigates chondrocyte pyroptosis. Inhibition of LMP and CTSB in vivoare effective in managing the progression of osteoarthritis. The present work provides a conceptual therapeutic solution for the prevention of osteoarthritis via alleviation of lysosomal destabilization.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious clinical syndrome with high morbidity, elevated mortality, and poor prognosis, commonly considered a “sword of Damocles” for hospitalized patients, especially those in intensive care units. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, caused by the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), play a key role in AKI progression. Hence, the investigation of effective and safe antioxidants and inflammatory regulators to scavenge overexpressed ROS and regulate excessive inflammation has become a promising therapeutic option. However, the unique physiological structure and complex pathological alterations in the kidneys render traditional therapies ineffective, impeding the residence and efficacy of most antioxidant and anti-inflammatory small molecule drugs within the renal milieu. Recently, nanotherapeutic interventions have emerged as a promising and prospective strategy for AKI, overcoming traditional treatment dilemmas through alterations in size, shape, charge, and surface modifications. This Review succinctly summarizes the latest advancements in nanotherapeutic approaches for AKI, encompassing nanozymes, ROS scavenger nanomaterials, MSC-EVs, and nanomaterials loaded with antioxidants and inflammatory regulator. Following this, strategies aimed at enhancing biocompatibility and kidney targeting are introduced. Furthermore, a brief discussion on the current challenges and future prospects in this research field is presented, providing a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of nanotherapeutic interventions for AKI.

ABSTRACT In this study, inhibited effect of graphene oxide (GO) on calcium leaching of cement pastes exposed to deionized water for 14 and 28 days was investigated using combined advanced [...]

On-chip polarization detectors have attracted extensive research interest due to their filterless and ultracompact architecture. However, their polarization-dependent photoresponses cannot be dynamically adjusted, hindering the development toward intelligence. Here, we propose dynamically reconfigurable polarimetry based on in-sensor differentiation of two self-powered photoresponses with orthogonal polarization dependences and tunable responsivities. Such a device can be electrostatically configured in an ultrahigh polarization extinction ratio (PER) mode, where the PER tends to infinity, a Stokes parameter direct sensing mode, where the photoresponse is proportional to S1or S2with high accuracy (RMSES1= 1.5%, RMSES2= 2.0%), or a background suppressing mode, where the target-background polarization contrast is singularly enhanced. Moreover, the device achieves a polarization angle sensitivity of 0.51 mA·W–1·degree–1and a specific polarization angle detectivity of 2.8 × 105cm·Hz1/2·W·degree–1. This scheme is demonstrated throughout the near-to-long-wavelength infrared range, and it will bring a leap for next-generation on-chip polarimeters.

In-sensor computing offers a solution for communication latency and power consumption in traditional machine vision systems with separate image acquisition and processing. Most sensors with internal computing capability operate in the visible or near infrared regime. An extension to the mid-infrared regime is desired. We present a reconfigurable black phosphorus (BP) photodiode for visible-to-mid-infrared in-sensor convolutional processing. Based on the split-gate induced spatially differential doping, there appears a reconfigurable isotype homojunction in the BP channel, leading to a well controllable bipolar responsivity that is linearly dependent on the gating voltage. The device operates at room temperature. The convolutional preprocessing based on our device is consistent with the simulation. The handwritten digit recognition with our device exhibits a high accuracy. This study advances broadband in-sensor computing and intelligent detection technology.

Genome editing holds great promise for the molecular breeding of plants, yet its application is hindered by the shortage of simple and effective means of delivering genome editing reagents into plants. Conventional plant transformation-based methods for delivery of genome editing reagents into plants often involve prolonged tissue culture, a labor-intensive and technically challenging process for many elite crop cultivars. In this review, we describe various virus-based methods that have been employed to deliver genome editing reagents, including components of the CRISPR/Cas machinery and donor DNA for precision editing in plants. We update the progress in these methods with recent successful examples of genome editing achieved through virus-based delivery in different plant species, highlight the advantages and limitations of these delivery approaches, and discuss the remaining challenges.

Due to cyber-physical fusion and nonsmooth characteristics of energy management, this article proposes a security event-trigger-based distributed approach to address these issues with developed smoothing technique. To tackle with nonconvex and nondifferentiable issue, a randomized gradient-free-based successive convex approximation is developed to smooth economic objective function. Due to resilience ability against security issue, a security event-triggered mechanism-based distributed energy management is proposed to optimize social welfare, which coordinately controls both power generators and load demand. The security event-triggered mechanism is designed to reduce power system security risks, and relieve communication burden caused by smoothing calculation, the convergence of proposed distributed algorithm is also properly proved. According to those obtained results on both IEEE 9-bus and IEEE 39-bus systems, it reveals that the proposed approach can achieve good convergence performance and have less security risks than other alternatives, which also proves that the proposed approach can be a viable and promising way for tackling with energy management issue of cyber-physical isolated power system.

DAP12 is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-bearing adapter protein that mediates signaling for multiple cell-surface receptors, and plays a key role in the immunoregulation and pathogenesis of hepatic cancer and liver disorders. The protein contains a 33 amino-acid, single-pass, α-helical transmembrane (TM) domain that can form homodimer in cell lipid membrane. Here, a systematic investigation of DAP12 TM homodimerization is performed at molecular level. An all-residue pairwise interaction potential profile is created, from which it is revealed that the packing tightness and effectiveness are not distributed evenly along the panhandling homodimerization interface. A core-interaction region that should confer high affinity and specificity to the homodimerization is identified, which corresponds to a reduced (14-mer) peptide segment 46IVVGDLVLTVLIAL59. It is revealed that both the full-length and reduced peptides can well fold into helical conformation in lipid environment, but exhibit large flexibility and intrinsic disorder in water phase. Here, the helical conformation of reduced peptide is stabilized by adding two all-hydrocarbon bridges across non-interfacial residue pairs (47,51) and (54,58). Circular dichroism indicates that the peptide helicity increases significantly upon the stapling; computational analysis and anisotropy assay confirm that the dimerization potency of stapled peptide is improved considerably relative to its unstapled counterpart in water phase.

The incursion of railway obstacles poses a serious risk to train operations, and numerous accidents occur during train shunting. However, existing algorithms still struggle with finding a compromise between detection accuracy and speed during train movement. Moreover, their accuracy and robustness are inadequate, specifically when handling small objects in complicated railway scenarios. To overcome these issues, this article proposes an efficient network using convolution and transformer (AE-Net) for performing accurate and real-time detection of railway obstacles to ensure driving safety. First, the enhanced and lightweight transformer module (ETM) is constructed to strengthen the model’s global modeling ability. Then, the lightweight feature integration module (LIM) is presented to integrate multibranch feature information and reduce model complexity. Finally, the reinforced multiscale feature fusion module (RFM) is utilized to enhance the multiscale object detection capability, especially for small obstacles. The presented algorithm realizes 95.29% mAP and 145 frames/s on the railway dataset, which is superior to YOLOv5s. In addition, the experiment on MS COCO further shows that AE-Net can perform a considerably better detection than current state-of-the-art models. Hence, it is practicable to employ AE-Net in actual railway and further more complex multitarget scenarios.

The hydrocarbon in the basinal basement mostly occurs in the topmost of buried hills along the unconformity, while we present a special play in architecture with the oil-bearing in the lower geomorphic position at the Penglai buried hill. Based on the cores, thin sections, whole rock X-ray, physical property, well logging, and seismic data, we investigated the characteristics of the reservoirs of the Penglai oilfield and discussed the controlling of strike-slip activity, weathering, and lithology on the reservoir in this paper. The results show that the Penglai buried hill reservoirs were mainly distributed in the fractured and weathered granites. The quality of the reservoir is related to mechanics and weathering dissolution behavior among different rocks. The strong dextral strike-slip activity of the Tanlu strike-slip fault zone during the Paleogene resulted in the strong uplift of the Penglai buried hill and also provided the stress condition for tectonic fractures to develop. The dissolution of atmospheric water along the tectonic fractures further improved the reservoir’s physical properties during the nearly 30Ma exposure interval. Compared to granite rocks, mica quartz schist, with higher content of the femic mineral and lower content of feldspar, presents lower brittleness and less soluble minerals. Therefore, the relatively stronger of weathering resistance of mica quartz schist resulted in a higher ring-landform in buried hill geomorphology which surrounds the granite intrusion, controlling the special oil play in architecture with hydrocarbon accumulated in the lower-seated granite reservoir underlying the unconformity.

• Surface premelting induced dual-SC bonding of LGS substrates is realize with a low compression of 50 kPa. • A record bonding strength of 23.28 MPa is achieved. • TEM analysis shows the relation between bonding strength and the interfacial bonding structure. Langasite (LGS, La 3 Ga 5 SiO 14) is a promising material in high-temperature piezoelectric devices due to its excellent thermal stability, piezoelectricity, and electrical property. A major challenge in the development of LGS-based devices is to form high-strength bonding of the brittle LGS. Here, we report that the single crystal-single crystal (dual-SC) bonding of LGS is realized through thermal activation under a low compression of 50 kPa for the first time. A record bonding strength of 23.28 MPa is achieved within the dual-SC bonded LGS/LGS structure (with a high bonding ratio exceeding 93%), which is 5 times higher than that of the recent reported LGS/LGS bonding structure (in which a relatively fragile amorphous interface layer is formed between the two LGS samples). The smooth and void-free dual-SC bonding interface of LGS is verified via the cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coprecipitation of Fe/Cr hydroxides with natural organic matter (NOM) is an important pathway for Cr immobilization. However, the role of NOM in coprecipitation is still controversial due to its molecular heterogeneity and diversity. This study focused on the molecular selectivity of NOM toward Fe/Cr coprecipitates to uncover the fate of Cr via Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). The results showed that the significant effects of Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) on Cr immobilization and stability of the Fe/Cr coprecipitates did not merely depend on the adsorption of SRNOM on Fe/Cr hydroxides. FT-ICR-MS spectra suggested that two pathways of molecular selectivity of SRNOM in the coprecipitation affected Cr immobilization. Polycyclic aromatics and polyphenolic compounds in SRNOM preferentially adsorbed on the Fe/Cr hydroxide nanoparticles, which provided extra binding sites and promoted the aggregation. Notably, some specific compounds (i.e., polyphenolic compounds and highly unsaturated phenolic compounds), less unsaturated and more oxygenated than those adsorbed on Fe/Cr hydroxide nanoparticles, were preferentially incorporated into the insoluble Cr–organic complexes in the coprecipitates. Kendrick mass defect analysis revealed that the insoluble Cr–organic complexes contained fewer carbonylated homologous compounds. More importantly, the spatial distribution of insoluble Cr–organic complexes was strongly related to Cr immobilization and stability of the Fe/Cr-NOM coprecipitates. The molecular information of the Fe/Cr-NOM coprecipitates would be beneficial for a better understanding of the transport and fate of Cr and exploration of the related remediation strategy.

ABSTRACT Cement asphalt (CA) mortar, a porous and organic-inorganic composite, has been widely used in highspeed rail. Since the high content of asphalt and its low strength, mercury intrusion porosity [...]

Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding with flat tungsten electrode can effectively reduce the arc pressure distribution, restrain welding defects, and improve the welding speed of thin plate. In this article, the arc characteristics of symmetric and asymmetric flat tungsten electrodes are studied by selecting different tip angles and tilt angles of flat tungsten electrodes. The temperature variation, current density variation, flow field variation, and pressure variation of flat tungsten electrode arc are calculated. Based on the approximate formula of cathode jet intensity of flat tungsten arc, the variation laws of various physical fields are clarified from the perspective of flow.

In this study, both the pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis behaviour of chlorellawere investigated using thermogravimetric analysis combined with Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum (TG-FTIR) and Py-GC/MS. The results of TG indicated the pyrolysis of chlorellawas divided into three stages, and the Coats-Redfern kinetic model was used for the analysis and validation of the obtained thermal data. The regression coefficients indicated that the pyrolysis of chlorellawas close to second-order reaction. The activation energy of pyrolysis of chlorellaand catalytic pyrolysis of chlorella+HZSM-5, chlorella+Zn/HZSM-5 was 61.645, 59.080 and 56.808 kJ·mol−1, respectively. Combined with the data of FTIR, we found that the addition of the HZSM-5 effectively reduced the activation energy required by pyrolysis; the addition of the Zn/HZSM-5 could not only reduce the activation energy, but also reduce the yield of oxygen-containing compounds, increase the emissions of CO2, and facilitate the production of high value-added hydrocarbon products. These results were also verified by Py-GC/MS that the addition of Zn/HZSM-5 could reduce the formation of ketones and aldehydes and increase the production of nitrogen-containing compounds. Thus, through the catalytic pyrolysis of chlorella, the utilization range of chlorellacan be expanded, and better bio-oil can be obtained, which will play a crucial role in the selection of available energy in the future.

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BLCA) is an aggressive disease. Consensus BLCA transcriptomic subtypes have been proposed, with two major Luminal and Basal subgroups, presenting distinct molecular and clinical characteristics. However, how these distinct subtypes are regulated remains unclear. We hypothesized that epigenetic activation of distinct super-enhancers could drive the transcriptional programs of BLCA subtypes. Through integrated RNA-sequencing and epigenomic profiling of histone marks in primary tumours, cancer cell lines, and normal human urothelia, we established the first integrated epigenetic map of BLCA and demonstrated the link between subtype and epigenetic control. We identified the repertoire of activated super-enhancers and highlighted Basal, Luminal and Normal-associated SEs. We revealed super-enhancer-regulated networks of candidate master transcription factors for Luminal and Basal subgroups including FOXA1 and ZBED2, respectively. FOXA1 CRISPR-Cas9 mutation triggered a shift from Luminal to Basal phenotype, confirming its role in Luminal identity regulation and induced ZBED2 overexpression. In parallel, we showed that both FOXA1 and ZBED2 play concordant roles in preventing inflammatory response in cancer cells through STAT2 inhibition. Our study furthers the understanding of epigenetic regulation of muscle-invasive BLCA and identifies a co-regulated network of super-enhancers and associated transcription factors providing potential targets for the treatment of this aggressive disease.

ABSTRACT The workability of cement asphalt (CA) mortar plays a key role in the construction quality and durability of the parking layers in the slab track structure of high speed [...]

To cope with the urgent and unprecedented demands for rare earth elements (REEs) in sophisticated industries, increased attention has been paid to REE recovery from recycled streams. However, the similar geochemical behaviors of REEs and transition metals often result in poor separation performance due to nonselectivity. Here, a unique approach based on the selective transformation between ceria sulfation and iron/manganese mineralization was proposed, leading to the enhancement of the selective separation of REEs. The mechanism of the selective transformation of minerals could be ascribed to the distinct geochemical and metallurgical properties of ions, resulting in different combinations of cations and anions. According to hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) theory, the strong Lewis acid of Ce(III) was inclined to combine with the hard base of sulfates (SO42–), while the borderline acid of Fe(II)/Mn(II) prefers to interact with oxygen ions (O2-). Both in situcharacterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculation further revealed that such selective transformation might trigger by the generation of an oxygen vacancy on the surface of CeO2, leading to the formation of Ce2(SO4)3and Fe/Mn spinel. Although the electron density difference of the configurations (CeO2–x-SO4, Fe2O3–x-SO4, and MnO2–x-SO4) shared a similar direction of the electron transfer from the metals to the sulfate-based oxygen, the higher electron depletion of Ce (QCe= −1.91 e) than Fe (QFe= −1.66 e) and Mn (QMn= −1.64 e) indicated the higher stability in the Ce–O–S complex, resulting in the larger adsorption energy of CeO2–x-SO4(−6.88 eV) compared with Fe2O3–x-SO4(−3.10 eV) and MnO2–x-SO4(−2.49 eV). This research provided new insights into the selective transformation of REEs and transition metals in pyrometallurgy and thus offered a new approach for the selective recovery of REEs from secondary resources.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanomaterials hold great promise in diverse applications; however, their stability in engineering systems and transformation in nature are largely underexplored. We evaluated the stability, aging, and environmental impact of g-C3N4nanosheets under the attack of free chlorine and reactive chlorine species (RCS), a widely used oxidant/disinfectant and a class of ubiquitous radical species, respectively. g-C3N4nanosheets were slowly oxidized by free chlorine even at a high concentration of 200–1200 mg L–1, but they decomposed rapidly when ClO· and/or Cl2•–were the key oxidants. Though Cl2•–and ClO· are considered weaker oxidants in previous studies due to their lower reduction potentials and slower reaction kinetics than ·OH and Cl·, our study highlighted that their electrophilic attack efficacy on g-C3N4nanosheets was on par with ·OH and much higher than Cl·. A trace level of covalently bonded Cl (0.28–0.55 at%) was introduced to g-C3N4nanosheets after free chlorine and RCS oxidation. Our study elucidates the environmental fate and transformation of g-C3N4nanosheets, particularly under the oxidation of chlorine-containing species, and it also provides guidelines for designing reactive, robust, and safe nanomaterials for engineering applications.

Medical image fusion integrates beneficial information from images of different modes and has been studied as a crucial auxiliary medical technology; however, current research mainly focused on two-modal fusion problems [e.g., computed tomography (CT)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MRI-positron emission tomography (PET)], and little attention was paid to tri-modal medical image fusion (e.g., CT-MR_T2-single photon emission CT (SPECT), MR_T2-MR_Gad-SPECT). In this article, we present a tri-modal medical image fusion and denoising method that contains fusion models (I) and (II). A three-layer decomposition based on a bitonicX filter was designed for model (I). Particularly, the adaptive morphological gradient pulse-coupled neural network (AM-PCNN) and the coupled neural P (CNP) system-based rules were proposed to fuse the detail and texture layers, respectively. The middle-fused result was obtained by synthesizing the prefused energy, texture, and detail layers in the model (I). In model (II), for the fusion of the functional image and middle-fused result, we performed a “detail-energy” decomposition with the bitonicX filter. We also propose a gradient energy clarity (GEC) operator and energy-based rules for fusing the detail and energy layers. The final fused result was obtained by adding the prefused detail layer and the energy layer in the model (II). Numerous experiments were conducted to assess the fused images objectively and subjectively, demonstrating that the proposed method developed in this study surpasses the state-of-the-art methods in noise-free and noise fusions. Meanwhile, the average levels of the proposed method are 38.39%, 2.46%, 1.01%, 36.28%, 11.23%, 20.82%, 8.46%, and 2.52% higher than that of the compared methods evaluated by the metrics, including interactive information metric (QMI), Tsallis entropy metric (QTE), noncorrelated information entropy metric (QNCIE), phase consistency metric (QP), Chen-Blum metric (QCB), structural similarity metric (QSSIM), contrast-to-noise (CNR), and correlation coefficient (CC), respectively. Our code is available at https://github.com/JEI981214/Tri-modal-bitonicX-based.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play an important role in conducting automatic patrol inspections of cities, which can ensure the safety of urban residents’ life and property and the normal operation of cities. However, during the inspection process, problems may arise. For example, numerous small objects in UAV images are difficult to detect, objects in UAV images are severely occluded, and requirements for real-time performances are posed. To address these issues, we first propose a real-time object detection network (RTD-Net) for UAV images. Besides, to deal with the lack of visual features of small objects, we design a feature fusion module (FFM) to interact and fuse features at different levels and improve the feature expression ability of small objects. To achieve real-time detection, we design a lightweight feature extraction module (LEM) to build the backbone network to control the calculation quantity and parameters. To solve the issue of discontinuous features of occluded objects, an efficient convolutional transformer block (ECTB)-based convolutional multihead self-attention (CMHSA) is designed to improve the recognition ability of occluded objects by extracting the context information of objects. Compared with multihead self-attention (MHSA) in the traditional transformer, CMHSA uses convolutional projection to replace the position-linear projection, which can reduce a large amount of calculation without performance loss. Finally, an attention prediction head (APH) is designed based on the attention mechanism to improve the ability of the model to extract attention regions in complex scenarios. The proposed method reaches a detection accuracy of 86.4% mean average precision (mAP) in our UAV image dataset. In addition, it achieves a detection accuracy of 86.0% mAP and a detection speed of 33.4 frames/s in the NVIDIA Jeston TX2 embedded device.

Understanding the heterogeneous preferences of individuals for disaster insurance attributes is critical for product improvement and policy design. In an era of global environmental change, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a hotspot of natural hazards. Improving the capability of rural housing disaster insurance to foster local residents’ disaster resilience is of great significance but remains under addressed. We used a discrete choice experiment approach to provide the first estimates of rural residents’ preferences for rural housing disaster insurance attributes in central and western Tibet. We estimated residents’ preferences and willingness-to-pay for the sum insured, subsidy rate, insured object, and perils covered. The potential impacts of increasing the sum insured, expanding the insured object, and lowering subsidy rates were evaluated. Our results suggest that residents prefer products with a high sum insured, high subsidy rate, and a complete list of insured objects. Residents who have experienced specific hazards tend to prefer the corresponding perils covered. Females and residents who have a closer social network are more likely to purchase insurance. Product improvement and policy simulation results suggest that, while lowering the subsidy rate, increasing the sum insured and expanding the insured object could promote participation and improve residents’ welfare. Our results could improve the understanding of the preferences of households in remote regions and support policy implementations.

Current cancer chemotherapies rely mainly on the induction of apoptosis of tumor cells, while drug resistance arising from conventional chemicals has always been a big challenge. In recent years, more and more new types of cell deaths including methuosis have been extensively investigated and recognized as potential alternative targets for future cancer treatment. Methuosis is usually caused by excessive accumulation of macropinosomes owing to ectopic activation of macropinocytosis, which can be triggered by external stimuli such as chemical agents. Increasing reports demonstrate that many small molecule compounds could specifically induce methuosis in tumor cells while showing little or no effect on normal cells. This finding raises the possibility of targeting tumor cell methuosis as an effective strategy for the prevention of cancer. Based on fast-growing studies lately, we herein provide a comprehensive overview on the overall research progress of small molecule methuosis inducers. Promisingly, previous efforts and experiences will facilitate the development of next-generation anticancer therapies.

UDPG/P2Y14R signaling pathway has been considered as a potential therapeutic target for innate immune system diseases. Based on the scaffold hopping strategy, a series of pyrazole analogues were designed and synthesized as novel P2Y14R antagonists with improved physicochemical properties, together with potential anti-inflammatory activities. Additionally, we designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe based on highly selective and potent PPTN to study the affinity of synthesized compounds. The optimized compound 16(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-(4-methylbenzamido)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, P2Y14R IC50= 1.93 nM) showed strong binding ability to P2Y14R, high selectivity, notably improved solubility, and more favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. Moreover, compound 16possessed extremely low cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effect in vitro. In an acute peritonitis model, compound 16could effectively reduce the levels of inflammatory factor IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α of mice induced by LPS. Compound 16, with potent in vitroand in vivoefficacy and favorable druggability, can be a promising candidate for further research.

To address the current challenges in making bright, stable, and small DNA-functionalized quantum dots (QDs), we have developed a one-step ligand-exchange method to produce QD–DNA conjugates from commonly available hydrophobic QDs. We show that by systematically adjusting the reaction conditions such as ligand-to-nanoparticle molar ratio, pH, and solvent composition, stable and highly photoluminescent water-soluble QD–DNA conjugates with relatively high ligand loadings can be produced. Moreover, by site specifically binding these QD–DNA conjugates to a DNA origami template, we demonstrate that these bioconjugates have sufficient colloidal stability for DNA-directed self-assembly. Fluorescence quenching by an adjacent gold nanoparticle (AuNP) was demonstrated. Such QD–AuNP dimers may serve as biosensors with improved sensitivity and reproducibility. Moreover, our simple method can facilitate the assembly of QDs into more complex superlattices and discrete clusters that may enable novel photophysical properties.

The first asymmetric total synthesis and validation of the structural assignment of des-thiomethyllooekeyolide A (3) is described, which features a Shiina macrolactonization and a late-stage pyran–hemiketal formation. The eight stereogenic centers of the C16-polyketide chain were installed by sequential aldol and crotylation reactions.

A promising approach to regulating the interactions between polyelectrolytes and materials is the use of electroactive surfaces that can change their charge state. However, common electroactive groups are too unstable to be practical for this purpose. Here we have performed a single molecule force spectroscopy study of the interactions between dsDNA and an 1,1′-biferrocenylene (BFD = bis(fulvalene)diiron)-terminated self-assembled monolayer surface that allows us to reversibly change the charge state. We found that the interaction force between DNA and the surface is correlated to the oxidation state of the BFD groups, which is conveniently controlled by the electrochemical potentials. We discovered that the electroactive SAM produces much stronger interaction forces than its nonelectroactive counterpart. A model based on the Grahame equation was able to quantitatively reproduce the experimentally observed relation between the applied potentials and adhesion forces. Our electroactive surface provides a model system for quantitative studies of the interactions between polyelectrolyte and charged surfaces in liquid. These insights may enable new opportunities for actively manipulating the binding, orientations, and conformations of polyelectrolytes for biosensing, nanomotors, and other applications.

Formamidinium (FA)-based perovskites remained state-of-the-art in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to the exceptional absorption and carrier transport properties, while the transition from photoactive (α-) to photoinactive (δ-FAPbI3) phase is the impediment that causes performance degradation and thus limits the deployment of FA-based PSCs. The unfavorable phase transition originates from tensile strain in the FAPbI3crystal lattice, which undergoes structural reorganization for lattice strain balancing. In this work, we found that the ionic liquid (IL) could be used as the strain coordinator to balance the lattice strain for stability improvement of FAPbI3perovskite. We theoretically studied the electronic coupling between IL and FAPbI3and unraveled the originality of the IL-induced compressive strain. The strain-relaxed α-FAPbI3by IL showed robust stability against environmental factors, which can withstand ambient aging for 40 days without any phase transition or decomposition. Moreover, the strain-relaxed perovskite films showed a lower trap density and resulted in conversion efficiency improvement from 18.27 to 19.88%. Based on this novel strain engineering strategy, the unencapsulated PSCs maintained 90% of their initial efficiency under ambient-air aging for 50 days.

Flexible superomniphobic doubly re-entrant (Dual-T) microstructures inspired by springtails have attracted growing attention due to their excellent liquid-repellent properties. However, the simple and practical manufacturing processes of the flexible Dual-T microstructures are urgently needed. Here, we proposed a one-step molding process coupled with the lithography technique to fabricate the elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Dual-T microstructure surfaces with high uniformity. The angle between the downward overhang and the horizontal direction could reach 90° (vertical overhang). The flexible superomniphobic Dual-T microstructure surfaces, without fluorination treatment and physical treatments, could repel liquids with a surface tension lower than 20 mN m–1in the Cassie–Baxter state. Owing to the excellent robustness of the one-step molding downward overhanging, the max breakthrough pressure of this surface could reach up to 164.3 Pa for ethanol droplets. Furthermore, the flexible superomniphobic Dual-T surface allowed impinging ethanol droplets to completely rebound at the Weber number up to 7.1 with an impact velocity of ∼0.32 m s–1. The Dual-T microstructure surface maintained excellent superomniphobicity even after surface oxygen plasma treatment and exhibited excellent structural robustness and recoverability to various large mechanical deformations.

Thin-walled parts with curved surface are widely used in industrial applications and the high-quality machining is still a major problem because of the low stiffness. By using the machining-path obtained from the design model of thin-walled parts with curved surface, the machining accuracy requirement may easily not be met due to the springback of clamping deformation when the machining process is finished. It is a novel idea that when the machining-path mapping from free-state to clamped-state is realized based on the clamping deformation, the final machining-path of thin-walled parts can be re-designed to directly ensure the machining accuracy requirement after the fixture is released. Based on the concomitant thought of curved surface and the elastic deformation theory of thin shell in this study, the mathematical model for the machining-path mapping from free-state to clamped-state is established for the thin-walled parts with curved surface. Then, the corresponding relationship of cutter contact (CC) points is calculated by grid mapping. Finally, the machining-path for the thin-walled parts with curved surface is re-designed under the clamped-state. Taking a thin-walled cylinder workpiece as an example, the experiment results show that the proposed method can achieve the avoiding purpose for the machining error caused by clamping deformation. These research achievements are of vital importance for realizing high-quality machining of the thin-walled parts with curved surface.

This study presents the new application of dual-analyte single particle inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (spICP–QMS) to the discrimination and quantification of two typical soil nanoparticles (kaolinite and goethite nanoparticles, abbr. KNPs and GNPs) in three samples (SA, SB, and SC) with three detection events (Al unpaired event, Fe unpaired event, and paired event). SA was mainly composed of KNPs with a concentration of 28 443 ± 817 particle mL–1and a mean particle size of 140.7 ± 0.2 nm. SB was mainly composed of GNPs with a concentration of 39 283 ± 702 particle mL–1and a mean particle size of 141.8 ± 2.9. In SC, the concentrations of KNPs and GNPs were 22 4541 ± 1401 and 70 604 ± 1623 particle mL–1, respectively, and the mean particle sizes of KNPs and GNPs were 140.7 ± 0.2 and 60.2 ± 0.3 nm, respectively. The accuracy of dual-analyte spICP–QMS was determined by spiking experiments, comparing these results with the measurements of other techniques, analyzing the samples in different SA and SB proportions and in different SC concentrations. Our results demonstrated that the dual-analyte spICP–QMS is a promising approach to distinguishing different kinds of natural NPs in soils.

The seismo-electromagnetic (EM) method is an important geophysical method that plays a major role in the observation of seismic anomalies related to earthquake precursors. It is the most promising method for a breakthrough in short-term earthquake prediction. The digital transformation and network upgrading implemented in the “Ninth five-year plan” and “Tenth five-year plan” have optimized the original observation system, improved the quality of observed data, enriched the seismic-electromagnetic information, and enhanced the analysis capability and timeliness of seismic-electromagnetic anomalies. These improvements are of major importance for the research on seismo-electromagnetics as well as for the development of new technologies. Since the beginning of the 21st century, China has launched a satellite named CSES that was designed for the generation and study of seismo-electromagnetic data and built a high-power transmitting source and a new CSELF observation network that is used specifically for earthquake monitoring. This platform has promoted the full-time three-dimensional EM monitoring and the identification of earthquake anomalies. Based on the study of anomalies related to earthquake precursors, the physical and numerical simulations, and the study on generation mechanism of anomalies in China, we summarize the characteristics of earthquake EM anomalies and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different EM observation methods. Finally, considering the related questions of the seismo-electromagnetic prediction and implementing the recent developments both in China and abroad, we review the current status of seismo-electromagnetic research and propose strategies for future research.

Organic cocrystal exhibits excellent photothermal conversion (PTC), but how the intermolecular interactions of cocrystals regulate the PTC is obscure. Here, two isomeric donor molecules (phenanthrene and anthracene) and two electron-withdrawing molecules (7,7,8,8,8-tetracyanodimethylquinone and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinone dimethane) are self-assembled into the four cocrystals (PTQ, PFQ, ATQ, and AFQ). By changing the molecular configuration of the donor and the electron-withdrawing ability of the acceptor, the intrinsic influencing factors of the intermolecular interaction on the PTC were explored. Under near-infrared laser (808 nm) irradiation, the PTC efficiencies of PTQ, PFQ, AFQ, and ATQ are 35.85, 44.74, 57.00, and 60.53%, respectively. Based on the single-crystal X-ray diffraction, ultrafast time-resolved transient absorption, and excited-state theoretical calculations, we found that the π–π stacking in ATQ and AFQ is conducive to promoting the near-infrared light-harvesting ability and the p−π interaction of cocrystals can regulate the nonradiative rotation of −C(C≡N)2groups, resulting in a tunable near-infrared PTC via the isomeric cocrystals. Accordingly, the evaporation rate of the porous polyurethane-AFQ foam can reach 1.33 kg·m–2·h–1in the simulated solar-driven water evaporation system. This work provides a strategy to boost the PTC by the intermolecular interactions of cocrystal materials.

Oncogenic alterations underlying B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in adults remain incompletely elucidated. To uncover novel oncogenic drivers, we performed RNA sequencing and whole-genome analyses in a large cohort of unresolved B-ALL. We identified a novel subtype characterized by a distinct gene expression signature and the unique association of 2 genomic microdeletions. The 17q21.31 microdeletion resulted in a UBTF::ATXN7L3fusion transcript encoding a chimeric protein. The 13q12.2 deletion resulted in monoallelic ectopic expression of the homeobox transcription factor CDX2, located 138 kb in cisfrom the deletion. Using 4C-sequencing and CRISPR interference experiments, we elucidated the mechanism of CDX2 cis-deregulation, involving PAN3enhancer hijacking. CDX2/UBTF ALL (n = 26) harbored a distinct pattern of additional alterations including 1q gain and CXCR4activating mutations. Within adult patients with Ph−B-ALL enrolled in GRAALL trials, patients with CDX2/UBTF ALL (n = 17/723, 2.4%) were young (median age, 31 years) and dramatically enriched in females (male/female ratio, 0.2, P= .002). They commonly presented with a pro-B phenotype ALL and moderate blast cell infiltration. They had poor response to treatment including a higher risk of failure to first induction course (19% vs 3%, P= .017) and higher post-induction minimal residual disease (MRD) levels (MRD ≥ 10−4, 93% vs 46%, P< .001). This early resistance to treatment translated into a significantly higher cumulative incidence of relapse (75.0% vs 32.4%, P= .004) in univariate and multivariate analyses. In conclusion, we discovered a novel B-ALL entity defined by the unique combination of CDX2 cis-deregulation and UBTF::ATXN7L3fusion, representing a high-risk disease in young adults.

Oncogenic alterations underlying B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in adults remain incompletely elucidated. To uncover novel oncogenic drivers, we performed RNA sequencing and whole-genome analyses in a large cohort of unresolved B-ALL. We identified a novel subtype characterized by a distinct gene expression signature and the unique association of 2 genomic microdeletions. The 17q21.31 microdeletion resulted in a UBTF::ATXN7L3 fusion transcript encoding a chimeric protein. The 13q12.2 deletion resulted in monoallelic ectopic expression of the homeobox transcription factor CDX2, located 138 kb in cis from the deletion. Using 4C-sequencing and CRISPR interference experiments, we elucidated the mechanism of CDX2 cis-deregulation, involving PAN3 enhancer hijacking. CDX2/UBTF ALL (n = 26) harbored a distinct pattern of additional alterations including 1q gain and CXCR4 activating mutations. Within adult patients with Ph− B-ALL enrolled in GRAALL trials, patients with CDX2/UBTF ALL (n = 17/723, 2.4%) were young (median age, 31 years) and dramatically enriched in females (male/female ratio, 0.2, P = .002). They commonly presented with a pro-B phenotype ALL and moderate blast cell infiltration. They had poor response to treatment including a higher risk of failure to first induction course (19% vs 3%, P = .017) and higher post-induction minimal residual disease (MRD) levels (MRD ≥ 10−4, 93% vs 46%, P < .001). This early resistance to treatment translated into a significantly higher cumulative incidence of relapse (75.0% vs 32.4%, P = .004) in univariate and multivariate analyses. In conclusion, we discovered a novel B-ALL entity defined by the unique combination of CDX2 cis-deregulation and UBTF::ATXN7L3 fusion, representing a high-risk disease in young adults.

Brain-derived extracellular vesicles participate in interorgan communication after traumatic brain injury by transporting pathogens to initiate secondary injury. Inflammasome-related proteins encapsulated in brain-derived extracellular vesicles can cross the blood‒brain barrier to reach distal tissues. These proteins initiate inflammatory dysfunction, such as neurogenic heterotopic ossification. This recurrent condition is highly debilitating to patients because of its relatively unknown pathogenesis and the lack of effective prophylactic intervention strategies. Accordingly, a rat model of neurogenic heterotopic ossification induced by combined traumatic brain injury and achillotenotomy was developed to address these two issues. Histological examination of the injured tendon revealed the coexistence of ectopic calcification and fibroblast pyroptosis. The relationships among brain-derived extracellular vesicles, fibroblast pyroptosis and ectopic calcification were further investigated in vitro and in vivo. Intravenous injection of the pyroptosis inhibitor Ac-YVAD-cmk reversed the development of neurogenic heterotopic ossification in vivo. The present work highlights the role of brain-derived extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of neurogenic heterotopic ossification and offers a potential strategy for preventing neurogenic heterotopic ossification after traumatic brain injury.

In this study, the Cr/Cr-W/W-DLC/DLC multilayer coating was deposited on 5A06 Al alloy using a combination of unbalanced magnetron sputtering system and filter cathode vacuum arc technique. Dry linear reciprocating sliding wear tests were performed to evaluate the tribological properties of the deposited coating at different temperatures from −100 °C to 25 °C. The microstructure, mechanical properties and wear characteristics of the multilayer coating were also characterized by SEM, EDS, nanoindenter and nanoscratch tester, respectively. The results show that, compared with 0 °C and 25 °C, the tribological behavior of the multilayer DLC coating exhibits significant differences at low temperatures. The formation of the transfer layer and the graphitization caused by the flash temperature contribute to explain the excellent tribological performance of the coating at room temperature and 0 °C. The deterioration of the tribological properties of the multilayer coating at subzero temperatures is ascribed to the inhibition of the graphitization process, as well as the oxidation and capillary action of water molecules. Cyclic shear stress and low temperature lead to the formation of microcracks and surface spalling, which also increases the friction coefficient and wear rate of the multilayer DLC coating.

Single-junction photovoltaics have a theoretical efficiency limit of 33.7%, with over 50% energy losses in thermalization and in-band transparency. Prior engineering at system levels has been developed to reduce these losses and break the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit; many require high-standard manufacturing but deliver mild efficiency enhancement. A breakthrough can be found from the materials perspective. Halide perovskites with various physical merits may provide the platform to overcome both thermalization and in-band transparency losses and thus elevate efficiency by two factors. For example, long-lived hot carriers in perovskite could boost the photovoltage to exceed its band gap or to execute a multi-exciton generation process to double the photocurrent. A delicately designed quantum structure could overcome the in-band losses by mechanisms such as intermediate band, multiple quantum well cascade, and photoferroic effect. Here, we discuss the opportunity, feasibility, and challenges of overcoming the SQ limit by designing upon a perovskite platform.

The mechanisms of coffee against Parkinson disease (PD) remained incompletely elucidated. Numerous studies suggested that gut microbiota played a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD. Here, we explored the further mechanisms of coffee against PD via regulating gut microbiota. C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to induce a PD mouse model, then treated with coffee for 4 consecutive weeks. Behavioral tests consisting of the pole test and beam-walking test were conducted to evaluate the motor function of mice. The levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and α-synuclein (α-syn) were assessed for dopaminergic neuronal loss. The levels of occludin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) were detected. Moreover, microbial components were measured by 16s rRNA sequencing. Our results showed that coffee significantly improved the motor deficits and TH neuron loss, and reduced the level of α-syn in the MPTP-induced mice. Moreover, coffee increased the level of BBB tight junction protein occludin and reduced the level of astrocyte activation marker GFAP in the MPTP-induced mice. Furthermore, coffee significantly decreased the levels of proapoptotic proteins, including Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c, while it increased the level of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, consequently preventing MPTP-induced apoptotic cascade. Moreover, coffee improved MPTP-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. These findings suggested that the neuroprotective effects of coffee on PD were involved in the regulation of gut microbiota, which might provide a novel option to elucidate the effects of coffee on PD.

Objectives: To establish a risk prediction model for in-hospital death in acute stroke patients based on nutritional risk scores. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed including 268 acute stroke patients. The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) and modified Nutritional Risk in the Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score were used to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with acute stroke after admission to the neurological intensive care unit (NICU), and laboratory parameters and clinical characteristics were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to screen the risk factors for in-hospital death in acute stroke patients, and a nomogram for predicting death based on the nutritional risk score was established. Results: The mortality of acute stroke in the NICU was 25.8%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the mNUTRIC score, female sex, lymphocyte count, pulmonary infection and mechanical ventilation were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality in acute stroke patients (P&lt; 0.001 or 0.05). The above indexes were used to establish a prediction model of the in-hospital death risk for acute stroke patients. The area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, and specificity of the prediction model were 0.891 (95% CI = 0.853–0.928), 82.5%, and 81.7%, respectively. The nomogram was established and then internally validated using bootstrap repeat sampling 2000 times, the C-index was 0.880, and the predicted values of the calibration curve were in agreement with the measured values. Conclusion: The mNUTRIC-based nomogram model can be used as a reliable tool to predict the in-hospital mortality risk of acute stroke patients.

This study aims to investigate the effect of cutting edge radius on surface roughness in orthogonal cutting of Ti6Al4V based on numerical simulation. A finite element model is established to model the machining-induced surface roughness using a Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method. The CEL method can be used to simulate the elastic recovery on machined surface, and the surface topography in cutting speed direction can be achieved. Then, the impact of mesh size on numerical force and surface morphology is discussed, and it is concluded that fine mesh has better performance in force and surface roughness prediction. The significant influence of edge radius on feed force and surface roughness can be noted through simulations with fine mesh, that is, a larger edge radius can provide larger feed force and rougher machined surface. Finally, the effectiveness and correctness of proposed model are validated by orthogonal cutting experiments of Ti6Al4V.

AbstractAn optical model potential for neutron-antimony isotopes collision systems is obtained at the incident energies up to 200 MeV. Cross sections, angular distributions, energy spectra and double differential cross sections for neutron-induced reactions on 121Sb, 123Sb and natural Sb are consistently calculated and analyzed at incident energies below 20 MeV by using theoretical nuclear models for nuclear energy applications. The calculated results are compared with experimental data and the evaluated data from CENDL-3 and JENDL-4.

Organic donor–acceptor cocrystals can improve the light-harvesting ability in visible or near-infrared regions, having a good photothermal conversion efficiency in some cases. While the photothermal conversion mechanism of organic cocrystals is still ambiguous. Here, the fluorescent molecule pyrene with a wide energy gap is selected as a donor, and the conjugated tetracyanide molecules are chosen as the acceptors. Pyrene and tetracyanide molecules are readily self-assembled into cocrystals (pyrene-tetracyanobenzene (PBC), pyrene-tetracyanoethylene (PEC), and pyrene-tetracyanoquinodimethane (PQC)) through intermolecular charge transfer. By changing the framework of acceptors, the optical properties of these cocrystals are tuned from photoluminescence (PBC) to photothermal conversion (PEC and PQC). PEC and PQC have an excellent photothermal conversion efficiency under near-infrared laser (808 nm) irradiation, its values can reach 80.9 and 83.3%, respectively. Based on the intermolecular interactions of cocrystals, femtosecond transient absorption, and excited-state theoretical calculation studies, the excellent photothermal conversion is attributed to the free rotation of the −C(C≡N)2group, which opens a tailormade channel for the effective nonradiative decay of the excited charge-transfer state. This study paves a way to design organic donor–acceptor cocrystal materials with high photothermal conversion efficiency.