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In this regard, this study aims to analyze the relationship between agriculture extension agent quality with farmers' soft skill competence, teamwork, and its impact on increasing productivity of farmers from the perspective of extension agents. This research was conducted using quantitative methods, with structural equation modeling (SEM)-Amos as a study tool. The study was conducted on 2,350 extension agents (civil servants) in South and West Sulawesi. Until the specified time limit, only 123 extension agents filled out the questionnaire from the total extension agents at the study site. This study found that the quality of agricultural extension agents can improve farmers' productivity through soft skills competence and teamwork. The result contributes to the empirical study limitations of the relationship between agriculture extension agent quality and productivity of farmers, especially the indirect effect through soft skill competence and teamwork, even though this study is in terms of the extension agent itself.

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of detergent tablets containing zeolite from rice husk ash as builder on chemical water quality and growth of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Water hyacinth is a plant that grows very readily in waters contaminated by detergent effluent, which can lead to eutrophication. Three detergent formulations were studied, differing only in their zeolite content: F1 (zeolite 15%), F2 (zeolite 20%) and F3 (zeolite 25%). The same formulations containing sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP) instead of zeolite were used for comparison: P1 (STTP 15%), P2 (STTP 20%) and P3 (STTP 25%). The effluents contained the respective formulations at five concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, 100)%. Water hyacinth growth was studied by plant wet weight, plant height, number of leaves and dry weight, and water chemical parameters were determined by chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solid (TSS) and pH value. The results of the plant growth studies showed that detergent formulations F1 and F2 and comparative detergent formulations P1 and P2 caused plant growth. The measurements of BOD, COD, TSS and pH showed that the detergent formulation with zeolite had a higher value than the formulation of the comparison detergent. The formulation with a zeolite concentration of 25% (F3) is recommended because it is the best formula that has a negative effect on plant growth compared to formulations F1 and F2. This is supported by chemical parameters among which the COD, BOD and pH values still meet the requirements of the quality standards for detergent waste water.

The application of phosphate compounds as a builder in a detergent formulation created eutrophication that encouraged industry to produce more eco-friendly detergents. To overcome that problem, phosphate can be substituted by zeolit that is more effective in cleaning and also biodegradable. In this study, zeolite was synthesized from rice husk ash using a melting method followed by hydrothermal processes. Effervescent detergent tablets were prepared with the following formulations: 3 formulations containing zeolite (F1–F3), 3 formulations containing sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP: P1–P3) and 1 control formulation. The synthesized zeolit was analysed by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Furthermore, all detergent formulas were characterized for flowability, compressibility, compatibility, disintegration time, pH, cleaning action and biodegradability. The results of FTIR, XRD and SEM characterization showed that the synthesized zeolite was an amorphous type-A crystal and the predominance of the amorphous phase with a cubic structure and CEC value of 95.71 cmol(+)kg-1. In this study the formulation F1 with 15-% zeolite was found to be the best formulation with granule flow rate parameters of 13.6 g/s, stationary angle of 22.0°, compressibility of 16.6-%, detergent tablet hardness accounted to 0.81 kgf/cm2, crushed time of tablet detergent of 1.5 min, pH 6.7, and biodegradability value of 70.3-% in BOD5test. A higher concentration of zeolite provided a better cleaning effect of the detergent tablets.

The COVID-19 pandemic makes it difficult for the teaching and learning process to be conducted freely using all learning modes due to the limited interaction between teachers and students by distance. Therefore, teachers must creatively utilize various learning models to ensure students are properly taught during the pandemic. In this regard, this study aims to elaborate on the relationship between training management, effectiveness, and its impact on the teaching creativity of public teachers from kindergarten to upper secondary level. This is an online quantitative survey with a sample of state-funded teachers consisting of civil, honorary, and contract teachers. These three types of teachers were included in the category of teachers of the State Civil Apparatus. The accidental sampling technique was used to obtain data from 405 respondents through the questionnaire distribution for a month. This was greater than the initial target of 200 people as a condition for the eligibility of the number of respondents when using structural equation modeling (SEM)—AMOS analysis. A total of four hypotheses were proposed in this study, with three accepted and one rejected. The result showed that training management contributed significantly to training effectiveness but had a minimal contribution to increasing teachers teaching creativity during the pandemic. Furthermore, training effectiveness had a significant contribution to the invention of teaching teachers and was a full mediator. This study also found the lack of references about management training and the relationships built. Proper management is a key factor in encouraging the effectiveness of activity, but it is unable to improve the creativity of teaching teachers directly. The role of training effectiveness was significant because it increases the contribution of training management to teacher teaching creativity. This research also showed that the training carried out on ASN only be successful with good management. The effectiveness of teachers teaching creativity can only be increased through training, especially during a pandemic.

This study is aimed at (1) describing the process of word formation using al-ziyaadah and affixation in Bugis and Arabic, (2) revealing the meaning of al-ziyaadah and affixation in forming a word in Bugis and Arabic, and (3) analyzing the similarities and differences in substances produced by al-ziyaadah and affixations in Bugis and Arabic. The research applied the library research using a linguistic approach. The primary data was collected and identified through a textbook; then, the types of al-ziyaadah and the affixes in both languages were analyzed. The word forms that adhere to and have an affix were compared, and the final step is to make conclusions based on comparisons and explore some similarities and differences. This study results indicated that the process of word formation in Arabic through al-ziyaadah, namely, al-sawaabiq, al-hasyw, al-lawaahiq, and al-muzdawijah. Meanwhile, in the Bugis language, the process of word formation is through affixation. The types of affixes in the Buginese language are prefixes, infixes, suffixes, confixes, and affixes. The word formation process with al-ziyaadah and affixation is the same as al-sawaabiq and prefixes, al-hasyw and infix, al-lawaahiq and suffixes, and al-muzdawijah and confixes. Meanwhile, the combination of affixes only exists in the Buginese language. The formation of words through al-ziyaadah in Arabic and affixation in Bugis contain similarities and differences. The overall meaning produced by al-ziyaadah and affixation is ninety-eight meanings, al-ziyaadah generates thirty-six meanings, and affixations generate sixty-two meanings. This research could be a valuable reference for further researchers who want to study languages and prevent regional languages extinction in the modern era.

During the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown period, the whole educational system from elementary to tertiary levels has been thrown into chaos in Indonesia and around the world. Online modes used by the College of Administration Puangrimaggalatung for learning as well as semester exams are shown in this research. It hopes that it will be able to make better academic decisions in the future when things get tough. The main goal of this study was to look at the need for an online model in education during the COVID pandemic and how educational institutions can use their existing resources to make formal education online with the help of no face-to-face class and other important things. The paper used quantitative and qualitative methods to examine how lecturers and students thought about online teaching learning modes. It also looked at how online teaching learning modes were put into practice. Moreover, the paper is aimed at providing a comprehensive picture of online teaching and learning activities during the lockdown period and demonstrates how the change management process and online teaching and learning processes were linked in the education system during the COVID-19 outbreak. This will aid in the elimination of academic disruption and ensure that instructional activities and discourses may continue as usual in the educational system.