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Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the problematic eating patterns and understand their relationship to psychological constructs, including stress intolerance, coping mechanisms and impulsivity, and psychiatric symptoms among bariatric surgery candidates. Methods: The bariatric candidates were evaluated by psychiatric interview and standard scales assessing maladaptive eating behaviors (Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), Bulimia Investigatory Test-Edinburgh (BITE), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ)), depression (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)), psychiatric symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)), and psychological constructs (Distress Intolerance Index (DSI), Coping Styles Scale (CSS), UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale(UPPS)). Results: More than half (57.8%) had maladaptive eating behaviors, and 23.6% had binge-eating behavior. Depression and anxiety predicted EAT, BITE, and DEBQ emotional and external eating sub-scale scores; distress intolerance, helpless coping style, and impulsivity predicted maladaptive eating behaviors in bariatric candidates. Conclusion: Maladaptive eating patterns play an essential role in the failure to lose weight and regain weight and are predicted by depression, anxiety, and psychological constructs in this study. Evaluation of pathological trait characteristics besides discrete psychiatric syndromes should be recommended in the pre-operation process to plan relevant interventions in the long-term management of weight. Level of evidence: Level III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort analytic studies.

Union of proximal pole scaphoid fracture is challenging because the vascular supply is limited. The avascular necrosis accompanying non-union and progressive fragmentation make surgical reconstruction difficult. The present study aimed to report short-term results of reconstruction with proximal hamate in proximal pole scaphoid non-union with avascular necrosis. Four patients (3 male, 1 female) were assessed for non-union following proximal pole scaphoid fracture. Mean age was 25.7 years (range, 22–35 years). Mean interval between injury and reconstruction was 7.5 years (range, 5–9 years). In 3 patients, no treatment was given following the fracture and in the other internal fixation was performed following cast immobilization. The non-united avascular proximal scaphoid was resected and reconstructed with proximal hamate autograft. Mean follow-up was 14.0 months (range, 9–22 months) after reconstruction. At the last control, cases were evaluated in terms of clinical and functional status, and radiologic union was determined on CT scan. Three patients reported subjective decrease in pain. Mean grip strength proportionally to the unaffected side was 24% (range, 8–51%), mean flexion-extension was 55.3% (range, 21–60%), and radial-ulnar deviation was 63.6% (range, 25–100%). Mean QuickDASH score was 32.3 (range, 13.6–52.2). Union was observed in all patients. Proximal hamate reconstruction provided union and pain relief, but only moderate objective functional results. It can be used as an alternative technique in proximal pole scaphoid non-union with avascular necrosis.

Due to harsh competitive conditions and the transition to new vehicles such as hybrid and full-electrical, the interest in the design of light and low-cost vehicles is increasing. In this paper, a recent metaheuristic procedure which is an equilibrium optimization algorithm (EOA) is used to solve a structural design optimization problem for a vehicle seat bracket to prove how the EOA can be used in solving industrial design problems. This paper is the first application of the EAO to real-world problems in the literature. The results strongly prove the capability of the EOA for designing optimum components in the automotive industry.

Studies regarding genetic and clinical characteristics, gender preference, and gonadal malignancy rates for steroid 5-alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency (5α-RD2) are limited and they were conducted on small number of patients. To present genotype–phenotype correlation, gonadal malignancy risk, gender preference, and diagnostic sensitivity of serum testosterone/dihydrotestosterone (T/DHT) ratio in patients with 5α-RD2. Patients with variations in the SRD5A2gene were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, phenotype, gender assignment, hormonal tests, molecular genetic data, and presence of gonadal malignancy were evaluated. A total of 85 patients were included in the study. Abnormality of the external genitalia was the most dominant phenotype (92.9%). Gender assignment was male in 58.8% and female in 29.4% of the patients, while it was uncertain for 11.8%. Fourteen patients underwent bilateral gonadectomy, and no gonadal malignancy was detected. The most frequent pathogenic variants were p.Ala65Pro (30.6%), p.Leu55Gln (16.5%), and p.Gly196Ser (15.3%). The p.Ala65Pro and p.Leu55Gln showed more undervirilization than the p.Gly196Ser. The diagnostic sensitivity of stimulated T/DHT ratio was higher than baseline serum T/DHT ratio, even in pubertal patients. The cut-off values yielding the best sensitivity for stimulated T/DHT ratio were ≥ 8.5 for minipuberty, ≥ 10 for prepuberty, and ≥ 17 for puberty. There is no significant genotype–phenotype correlation in 5α-RD2. Gonadal malignancy risk seems to be low. If genetic analysis is not available at the time of diagnosis, stimulated T/DHT ratio can be useful, especially if different cut-off values are utilized in accordance with the pubertal status.

We aimed to investigate the depression and anxiety levels and to explore the coping strategies and personality traits of patients with euthyroid Hashimoto Thyroiditis (HT).

In this study we propose to explain the discrepancy between classical models and the observational data of early type stars in eclipsing binaries by the existence of a rapidly rotating core in the primary, rather than by invoking a low metal abundance. Our claim is based on the analysis of the double lined eclipsing binary EK Cep, on which a strong constraint is put by its apsidal motion. We constructed models both with and without rotation for the components of the system. If the stars do not rotate, then, considering (i) that both components have the same chemical composition and age, and (ii) that the primary star is exactly at the zero-age main-sequence point, we derive $X=0.614$and $Z=0.04$for respectively the hydrogen and heavy element abundances, with a mixing-length parameter $\alpha=1.30$, somewhat lower than that calibrated on the Sun. These values satisfy all the observational constraints at the single age of 26 Myr, except the luminosity and radius of the primary, and they are also in good agreement with the observed chemical evolution in the solar neighborhood. Since the observed luminosity and radius of EK Cep A are less than those predicted by a non-rotating model, we deduce that this star must have a rapidly rotating core, while its envelope is synchronized with the orbital motion due to tidal interaction. To achieve perfect agreement between the rotating model of this star and the observations, the requirement is that the central region rotates about 65 times faster than the synchronized envelope, which contains $48\%$of the star's total mass. We describe the effect of such differential rotation on the location of the star in the HR diagram, and compare it with that of rotation caused by contraction alone. We confirm also that such rapid rotation may account for the spread which is observed in the isochrones of open clusters.

The title compound has been synthesised by the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with 2,5-dichloroaniline. The compound was characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-Visible techniques. The UV-Visible spectra of the Schiff base with OH group in ortho position to the imino group was studied in polar and nonpolar solvents in acidic and basic media. The structure of compound has been examined cyrstallographically. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with a = 6.059(1), b = 12.105(2) c = 20.006(2) Å, V = 1467.4(3) Å3, Dx = 1.431 g.cm-3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least squares. Molecule of the title compound N-[2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene]2,5-dichloroaniline is nearly planar. The molecule contains a strong intramolecular N…H-O hydrogen bond between the imine and hydroxyl group [O1 and N1 = 2.540(4) Å]. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

After supplementation trials, vitamin C, iron and zinc levels were increased by 1789%, 59% and 30%, respectively. Partially supplemented pasteurized milk could be a new alternative with its high nutritive value, good sensory properties and low cost.

N-(3-pyridil)-2-oxo-1-naphthylidenemethylamine (C16H12N2O) was studied by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, and UV–visible techniques and X-ray diffraction methods. The UV–visible spectrum of the compound was investigated in solutions effect polarity. The polarity of the some solvents was modifierly the additional (CF3COOH) and [(C2H5)3N]. The compound is in tautomeric equilibrium (phenol-imine O–H···N and keto-amine O···H–N forms) in polar and nonpolar solvents. The keto-amine form is observed in basic solutions of DMSO, ethanol, chloroform, benzene, cyclohexane, and in acidic solutions of chloroform and benzene, but not in acidic solutions of DMSO and ethanol. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic, space group P21/a with a= 7.010(5) Å, b= 13.669(4) Å, c= 12.764(4) Å, β = 101.23(4)°, V= 1199.6(10) Å3, Z= 4, Dc= 1.375 g/cm3, μ(Mo Kα) = 0.088 mm−1, R= 0.045 for 1658 reflections [I> 2σ(I)]. The title compound is not planar two Schiff base moieties A[C1–C11, O1] and B[N1, C12, C13, N2, C14, C15, C16] are inclined at an angle of 27.4(1)° reflecting mainly the twist about C12–N1 [C11–C12–N1–C13, 29.7(2)°]. There is a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond (O–H···N) of 2.529(2) Å.

N-(2-pyridil)-salicylidene (1) and N-(2-pyridil)-2-oxo-1-naphthylidene-methylamine (2) were studied by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and UV–visible techniques and the structure of compound (2) was examined crystallographically. The UV–visible spectra of 2-hydroxy Schiff bases are investigated in different solvents, acidic and basic media. Compound (2) is in tautomeric equilibrium (phenol–imine, O–H⋯N⇌keto–amine, O⋯H–N forms) in polar and non-polar solvents. These tautomers are not observed in polar and non-polar solvents for (1) as also supported by 1H NMR and UV–visible data. The keto–amine form of compound (2) was observed in basic solutions of DMSO, ethanol, chloroform, benzene, cyclohexane and in acidic solutions of chloroform and benzene, but not in acidic solutions of DMSO and ethanol. On the contrary, this form for compound (1) was not observed in the same solutions. The asymmetric unit of compound (2) contains two independent molecules of (C16H12N2O) which constitute a tautomeric pair. The observed differences in the related CN (1.317(4) and 1.330(4)Å) and C–O (1.279(4) and 1.263(4)Å) bond lengths in the two crystallographically independent molecules indicate that the phenol–imine and the keto–amine forms coexist in the solid state. Intramolecular hydrogen bond lengths (O–H⋯N) are 2.586(4)Å and 2.518(4)Å for the two individual tautomers. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/nwith a=5.837(2), b=17.476(2), c=24.295(3)Å,β=91.95(4)°, V=2476.9(6)Å3,Z=4 and Dx=1.3315gcm−3.

Ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) procedures for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis aim to prevent proximal metacarpal migration to improve thumb function. We sought to evaluate the effect of the remaining trapezial space on outcomes after trapeziectomy with LRTI. Forty-seven patients were included in this study. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically. They were divided into two groups according to the remaining trapezial space at last follow-up. Postoperative to preoperative trapezial space ratio was >50% in group 1 and <50% in group 2. Mean follow-up was 30.8 months. Mean age, sex, dominant side, preoperative stage, and follow-up were similar in both groups. The mean QuickDASH scores were significantly better in group 1 than group 2. Mean tip and key pinch were significantly stronger in group 1, than group 2. Trapeziectomy with LRTI is the most used surgical technique and it produces satisfactory results. Improved clinical outcomes can be achieved when more than 50% of the preoperative trapezial space remains.