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Internet of Things (IoT) devices play essential roles in both industry and daily scenarios. However, unlike smartphones and computers, IoT devices typically lack conventional user interfaces (UIs) such as keyboards and touchscreens. It renders the traditional user authentication designs, e.g., PINs and patterns, inapplicable. In this article, we propose TouchAccess that enables users to unlock an arbitrary IoT device by applying a simple touch. Our design is motivated by the key observation that IoT devices unavoidably generate electromagnetic emanations (EMM) while they are functioning. When the user touches the device, it causes time-varying coupling between those two and generates unique EMMs. Our feasibility studies further reveal that these human-induced EMMs are distinct and strongly correlated with the circuitry properties of the user and the device, but are susceptible to environmental EM noises, thus lowering the authentication accuracy. To address this challenge, we develop signal processing techniques with a Siamese network learning scheme that clears the ambient electromagnetic (EM) noises, extracts robust signal features, and builds noise-resistant classifiers, enabling users to be correctly recognized. A significant advantage of TouchAccess is that it requires only a low-cost analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to sense the EM signal. We implement TouchAccess on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) IoT devices, which vary significantly in terms of UIs, sizes, and hardware designs. The performance evaluations show that TouchAccess achieves an average authentication accuracy as high as 97.85%.

The development of cancer vaccines is at the forefront of cancer immunotherapy. Most existing strategies to induce an efficient anti‐tumor immune response rely on molecular adjuvants and the incorporation of complex synthetic vectors into vaccine formulations. In contrast, this study introduces a one‐step engineering technique to assemble the model antigen, Ovalbumin (OVA), into amyloid aggregates, leveraging biomimetic folding and aggregation to create non‐fibrillar OVA globular aggregates and OVA amyloid‐like fibrils as single‐component, adjuvant‐free vaccines. Notably, the OVA amyloid‐like fibrils induced stronger immune responses compared to the native form, as evidenced by robust humoral immune reactions and the establishment of immune memory. These enhanced responses can be attributed to the self‐adjuvant effect of the unique assembled structure, which preserves antigenic epitopes, improves antigen stability, facilitates antigen internalization, prolongs retention at the injection site, enhances antigen trafficking to the lymphoid organs, and promotes increased secretion of antibodies and cytokines. Furthermore, the efficacy of the vaccine was validated in a high OVA‐expressing tumor model, demonstrating the potential of OVA amyloid‐like fibrils as an effective vaccine for cancer immunoprevention. This minimalist self‐adjuvant vaccine strategy holds promising implications for cancer immunotherapy and can inform the design of other protein antigen‐based vaccines. A one‐step engineering method assembles the model antigen OVA into amyloid‐like fibrils, forming a single‐component, adjuvant‐free vaccine. The OVA fibrils effectively enhance immune responses and induce antigen‐specific memory, showing promise as a cancer vaccine. This streamlined, carrier‐free approach opens new avenues for designing protein antigen‐based vaccines.

Plasma-assisted phosphorization has been used to prepare defect-rich metal phosphides.The p-NiCoP/NCF@CC shows high activities and excellent stability for the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction.The p-NiCoP/NCF@CC shows great potential for overall water splitting.

The development of narrow‐spectrum antimicrobial agents is paramount for swiftly eradicating pathogenic bacteria, mitigating the onset of drug resistance, and preserving the homeostasis of bacterial microbiota in tissues. Owing to the limited affinity between the hydrophobic lipid bilayer interior of bacterial cells and most hydrophilic, polar peptides, the construction of a distinctive class of four‐armed host‐defense peptides/peptidomimetics (HDPs) is proposed with enhanced specificity and membrane perturbation capability against Pseudomonas aeruginosaby incorporating imidazole groups. These groups demonstrate substantial affinity for unsaturated phospholipids, which are predominantly expressed in the cell membrane of P. aeruginosa, thereby enabling HDPs to exhibit narrow‐spectrum activity against this bacterium. Computational simulations and experimental investigations have corroborated that the imidazole‐rich, four‐armed peptidomimetics exhibit notable selectivity toward bacteria over mammalian cells. Among them, 4H10, characterized by its abundant and densely distributed imidazole groups, exhibits impressive activity against various clinically isolated P. aeruginosastrains. Moreover, 4H10 has demonstrated potential as an antibiotic adjuvant, enhancing doxycycline accumulation and exerting effects on intracellular targets by efficiently disrupting bacterial cell membranes. Consequently, the hydrogel composed of 4H10 and doxycycline emerged as a promising topical agent, significantly diminishing the skin P. aeruginosaburden by 97.1% within 2 days while inducing minimal local and systemic toxicity. Imidazole‐rich four‐armed peptidomimetics are synthesized as narrow‐spectrum antibacterial agents and adjuvants targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This article highlights the pivotal role of the copious and densely packed imidazole groups within the star‐shaped polypeptide structure in interacting with unsaturated phospholipids in the cell membrane of P. aeruginosa. Consequently, these interactions facilitate targeted killing activity against the bacterium by promoting membrane permeability.

Nowadays, there has been an increase in the number of people with chronic wounds, which has resulted in serious health problems worldwide. The rate-limiting stage of chronic wound healing has been found to be the inflammation stage, and strategies for shortening the prolonged inflammatory response have proven to be effective for increasing the healing rate. Recently, various anti-inflammatory strategies (such as anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidant, NO regulation, antibacterial, immune regulation and angiogenesis) have attracted attention as potential therapeutic pathways. Moreover, various biomaterial platforms based on anti-inflammation therapy strategies have also emerged in the spotlight as potential therapies to accelerate the repair of chronic wounds. In this review, we systematically investigated the advances of various biomaterial platforms based on anti-inflammation strategies for chronic wound healing, to provide valuable guidance for future breakthroughs in chronic wound treatment.

Currently, the treatment and care of diabetic wounds, which generally possess the characteristics of a high amputation rate, high recurrence rate and high mortality, has developed into a worldwide challenge. Wound dressings have been playing an important role in diabetic wound treatment and continuously innovated to obtain many amazing properties. Among them, hydrogel dressings have become one of the most attractive and promising wound dressings because of their considerable moisture retention, biocompatibility and therapeutic properties. In recent years, with the in depth understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetic wounds, various functionalized hydrogel dressings have been reported and shown encouraging results, which has brought great benefits to the improvement of diabetic wounds. In this work, we will systematically and comprehensively summarize the advances of hydrogel dressings in diabetic wounds, aiming to provide not only theoretical support for hydrogel dressing devising but also inspiration for diabetic wound treatment.

The present study showed that pretreatment of triadimefon (TDM), a triazole compound, could improve tolerance of soybean seedlings to subsequent water stress. TDM pretreatment resulted in early and late rise in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and upregulation of ascorbate (AsA) content in non-stressed and water-stressed seedlings, leading to late increase in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), late decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electrolyte leakage in stressed ones. These TDM-induced changes were blocked by application of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis inhibitor tungstate, which inhibited early rise of ABA and H2O2contents in non-stressed and stressed seedlings. However, ABA pretreatment overcomed the effects of this inhibitor. Application of NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), polyamine oxidase (PAO) inhibitor 2-hydroxyethylhydrazine (2-HEH) and H2O2scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU) prevented early TDM-induced rise of H2O2content. DPI, 2-HEH and DMTU also decreased SOD, CAT and AsA levels, but did not affect ABA content during early and late phases in both seedlings pretreated with TDM. In addition, these chemicals decreased Pn, and increased H2O2content and electrolyte leakage during late phase in TDM-pretreated stressed seedlings. Overall, these results indicated that TDM pretreatment alleviated adverse effects of water stress on soybean seedlings, which was at least in part, due to increase of antioxidant capacity and decrease of oxidative damage induced by early ABA-dependent H2O2generation.

We report on the spontaneous, reversible intramolecular transesterification of natural labdane lactones. Through extensive spectroscopic analysis, the interconversion between the two tautomers was investigated, which could be retarded when the free hydroxy group was acetylated or the exocyclic double bond of the lactone ring was mutated. Besides, a conversion mechanism was postulated, and the energy barriers were calculated by density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, the tautomers were found to inhibit the virulence of the efflux pump-deficient Candida albicansDSY654.

The maturity group (MG) system is widely used to group soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] varieties based on their growth periods and photothermal responses. However, there is still no universal standard or quantifiable methodology for MG classification. In this study, phenological traits of 107 Chinese, 4 Far East Russian representative soybean varieties, and 113 North American reference varieties covering 13 MGs were evaluated at eight locations (ranging from 30 to 50° N) in four ecoregions of China for two consecutive years (2014 and 2015). Relative maturity groups (RMGs) were attributed to all the varieties based on the linear regression models. To decimalize the RMG values of the early‐maturing varieties belonging to MGs below 0, negative values were defined for MGs 00, 000, and 0000. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was used to screen 185 standard candidate varieties for MGs 0000 to VIII. This study provided a systematic and quantifiable methodology for RMG identification in soybeans. The methodology is expected to be widely adopted by soybean regionalization and germplasm exchanges throughout the world and will be helpful for characterizing the photothermal sensitivity and adaptability of the given soybean varieties.

Interfering with sterol biosynthesis is an important strategy for developing safe and effective antifungal drugs. We previously identified compound H55as an allosteric inhibitor of the fungal-specific C-24 sterol methyltransferase Erg6 for treating Candida albicansinfections. Herein, 62 derivatives of H55were designed and synthesized based on target–ligand interactions to identify more active candidates. Among them, d28displayed the most potent antivirulence ability (MHIC50= 0.25 μg/mL) by targeting Erg6, exhibiting an 8-fold increase in potency compared with H55. Moreover, d28significantly outperformed H55in inhibiting cell adhesion and biofilm formation, and exhibited minimal cytotoxicity and negligible potential to induce drug resistance. Of note, the coadministration of d28and other sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, such as tridemorph or terbinafine, demonstrated a strong synergistic antifungal action in vitroand in vivoin a murine skin infection model. These results support the potential application of d28in the treatment of C. albicansinfections.

Seven new terpenoids, including six sacculatane diterpenoids plagiochilarins A–F (1–6), and one ent-2,3-seco-aromandrane sesquiterpenoid plagiochilarin H (8) with a 6/7/3/5 tetracyclic scaffold, alongside three known compounds, were obtained from the Chinese liverwort Plagiochila nitensInoue. Plagiochilarin B (2) was unpredictably converted to the more stable artifact 7under acid catalysis through cyclic ether formation. The reaction mechanism was reasonably deduced and experimentally verified. The structures of these terpenoids were determined by analysis of MS and NMR spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The inhibitory effect of all of the isolates was evaluated on the growth of two C. albicansstrains, wild strain SC5314 and efflux pump-deficient strain DSY654. However, only plagiochilarin H (8) showed a MIC value of 16 μg/mL against C. albicansDSY654.

Catalyst layer is essential for fuel cell performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) since electrochemical reactions occur and triple phase boundary forms in catalyst layer. Here, we report a self‐humidified platinum (Pt) electrocatalyst, in which the Pt nanoparticles were coated by 2,7‐bis(3,4‐dihydroxyphenethyl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline‐1,3,6,8‐tetraone (NPDA) and the surfaces of Pt nanoparticles are tuned to be hydrophilic, which could adsorb the generated water and enhanced the fuel cell performance under non‐humidified operation condition. Due to the hydrophilic surfaces of Pt nanoparticles, power density of self‐humidified Pt electrocatalyst rapidly reached the maximum power density (700 mW cm−2) without any humidification; in contrast, with hydrophobic surface, power density was only (525 mW cm−2). Meanwhile, the fabricated electrocatalyst exhibits higher durability and could work under real fuel cell operation condition for 18,000 h with only 9 % decay in electrochemical surface area. A self‐humidified electrocatalyst is formed by coating with hydrophilic molecules and power density is stable with the decrement in relative humidification.

Two polyamidoamine-based dendritic molecules, named here as benzyl-G3 and octyl-G3, were synthesized using H2NCH2CH2NRCH2CH2NH2(where R is either rigid benzyl or flexible octyl hydrophobic tails that are linked to the central nitrogen atom). With consideration of factors, such as the settling time, demulsifier dosage, temperature, oil content, and kinds of surfactants, the synthesized molecules were systematically investigated as demulsifiers for breaking up polymer flooding oil-in-water emulsions. In comparison to traditional G3 polyamidoamine, both benzyl-G3 and octyl-G3 exhibited better demulsification efficiencies with a dosage of 200 mg/L at a relatively low temperature (30 °C) in short periods of time (40 min) and reached 99.3 and 99.8% oil removal rates as they were added to the low oil-containing emulsion (1500 mg/L), respectively. A series of measurement methods were then adopted to explore the demulsification mechanism of the two demulsifiers. The interfacial tension and ζ potential measurements indicated that the high demulsification efficiency of the two dendrimers could be due to electrostatic charge neutralization. Moreover, the dendrimers and surfactants showed strong interactions according to the turbidity measurements, the results of which demonstrated that the hydrophobic tails located at the center of the dendrimers also influenced the demulsification efficiency.

Wind turbine generators with high power will develop increasingly to achieve an ambitious goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, demanding urgently larger and lighter blades with long service life and high mechanical strength. Here we fabricate renewable composites with thiol-functionalized carbon fibers (TCF) and epoxy-ended hyperbranched polymers (HT12), exhibiting a competitive property. Compared with the corresponding performance of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/pristine carbon fibers composites, the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and interlaminar shear strength of HT12/TCF composites are increased by 89.84%, 154.55%, 217.89%, 366.62%, and 376.52%, respectively. The service life of the HT12/TCF composites is about 200 years at 40 °C by simulating environmental experiments of acid rain and seawater resistance, being much longer than DGEBA/carbon fibers of about 20 years. Additionally, the HT12/TCF composites can be rapidly decomposed into oligomers and carbon fibers under mild conditions, which can be reused to prepare HT12/TCF composites by reacting directly with formaldehyde via a condensation between the amino group and the aldehyde group. After recycling twice, the composites still maintain high mechanical strength, suggesting highly efficient renewability of carbon fibers and epoxy resins. This research provides a sustainable approach for preparing high-performance environmentally-friendly epoxy resin/carbon fiber composites capable of uprecycling, and well-balancing service life and performance.

Anti-infection and neovascularization at the wound site are two vital factors that accelerate diabetic wound healing. However, for a wound healing dressing, the two functions need to work at different sites (inner and outer), giving big challenges for dressing design. In this study, we fabricated a novel sodium alginate/chitosan (SA/CS) Janus hydrogel dressing by the assembly of SA hydrogel loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and CS hydrogel impregnated with l-arginine loaded sodium alginate microspheres (ArgMSs) based on electrostatic interactions to combine the two functions. The outer SA-AgNP hydrogel could prevent infection while avoiding the deposition of AgNPs in the wound site, and the inner CS-ArgMS hydrogel on the wound surface could realize the sustained release of l-arginine and promote vascular regeneration. The composition, morphology and swelling/degradation of the SA-AgNP/CS-ArgMS hydrogel were characterized systematically. l-Arginine release behavior has been tested and SA-AgNP/CS-ArgMS hydrogel has been confirmed for excellent biocompatibility. Antibacterial and angiogenesis assays demonstrated the antibacterial and angiogenesis characteristics of the SA-AgNP/CS-ArgMS hydrogel. Finally, in vivodiabetic wound healing assay demonstrated that the SA-AgNP/CS-ArgMS hydrogel could significantly accelerate re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition and angiogenesis, thereby resulting in enhanced diabetic wound healing

G4 PAMAM dendrimer molecules were modified via covalently conjugating RGDC, RAADyC, and PEG chains on the periphery (Mac-1), by which a nanogel drug carrier with enzyme-sensitivity (NG-1) was constructed through an oxidation reaction by using NaIO4to initiate the chemical cross-link of the functional groups on the periphery of dendrimers. Mac-1and NG-1both had a spherelike shape with a relatively uniform size of 20 nm for Mac-1and 50 nm for NG-1as evidenced by TEM, SEM, and DLS measurements. NG-1showed much higher drug loading capacity as compared with that of Mac-1although the cavities in the dendritic structure were used to encapsulate drug molecules as reported in many literatures. In addition, the size of NG-1with embedded doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) decreased significantly to 15 nm in the presence of elastase, which indicated the decomposition of the nanogel triggered by enzyme, leading to drug release in a sustained manner in vitro. The NG-1carrier was noncytotoxic and biocompatible, and it achieved the same cytotoxicity as free DOX when the drug molecules were loaded inside. From confocal images, the penetrative process of DOX from nanogel could be clearly observed in 8 h. Such a dendrimer-based nanogel may be a potential nanocarrier for drug delivery in cancer therapy.

Inducing paraptosis, a nonapoptotic form of cell death, has great therapeutic potential in cancer therapy, especially for drug-resistant tumors. However, the specific molecular target(s) that trigger paraptosis have not yet been deciphered yet. Herein, by using activity-based protein profiling, we identified the GDP-dissociation inhibitor beta (GDI2) as a manipulable target for inducing paraptosis and uncovered benzo[a]quinolizidine BQZ-485 as a potent inhibitor of GDI2 through the interaction with Tyr245. Comprehensive target validation revealed that BQZ-485 disrupts the intrinsic GDI2-Rab1A interaction, thereby abolishing vesicular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus and initiating subsequent paraptosis events including ER dilation and fusion, ER stress, the unfolded protein response, and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Based on the structure of BQZ-485, we created a small benzo[a]quinolizidine library by click chemistry and discovered more potent GDI2 inhibitors using a NanoLuc-based screening platform. Leveraging the engagement of BQZ-485 with GDI2, we developed a selective GDI2 degrader. The optimized inhibitor (+)-37and degrader 21described in this study exhibited excellent in vivoantitumor activity in two GDI2-overexpressing pancreatic xenograft models, including an AsPc-1 solid tumor model and a transplanted human PDAC tumor model. Altogether, our findings provide a promising strategy for targeting GDI2 for paraptosis in the treatment of pancreatic cancers, and these lead compounds could be further optimized to be effective chemotherapeutics.

Liverworts provide valuable ecological services to improve the sustainability of agriculture, encompassing soil health maintenance and natural pest management. Some liverworts have potential applications in medicine and as food additives. Twenty-two novel diterpenoids (anajoerins A–V), of which anajoerins B–G are rearranged labdanes featuring an unprecedented 6/5 fused ring system, were isolated from the Chinese liverwort Anastrophyllum joergenseniiSchiffn. The absolute configurations of all compounds were identified based on high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy data, NMR spectra, and ECD calculations. Plausible biogenetic pathways for unprecedented rearranged labdanes were proposed. Seven diterpenoids exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by reducing nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages in a dose-dependent manner with IC50s between 9.71 and 56.56 μM. All tested compounds showed no cytotoxicity at the tested concentrations. Western blot analyses of NF-κB p65 downregulation showed that anajoerin L could inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, anajoerin L also suppressed the secretion of the ConA-induced proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6.

The molecular properties concerning size, shape, and electric charges of the planar aromatic DNA intercalators are still poorly understood. Herein, a series of water-soluble perylene bisimide (PBI) derivatives containing a rigid and planar aromatic nanoscaffold with different size, shape, and electric charges were synthesized. Using histochemistry and cell viability assays on animal tissues and cancer cells, we revealed the molecular properties required for successful DNA intercalators to localize in cell nuclei and inhibit cancer cells. Small molecular size and the strong polarity of hydrophilic substituents are prerequisites for PBI-based DNA intercalators. A large number of charges facilitate the nucleic accumulation of these DNA intercalators, while fewer charges and planar aromatic nanoscaffold more efficiently inhibit cancer cell growth.

In situ anti‐tumor vaccination is an attractive type of cancer immunotherapy which relies on the effectiveness of dendritic cells (DCs) to engulf tumor antigens, become activated, and present antigens to T cells in lymphoid tissue. Here, a multifunctional nanocomplex based on calcium crosslinked polyaspartic acid conjugated to either a toll‐like receptor (TLR)7/8 agonist or a photosensitizer is reported. Intratumoral administration of the nanocomplex followed by laser irradiation induces cell killing and hence generation of a pool of tumor‐associated antigens, with concomitant promotion of DCs maturation and expansion of T cells in tumor‐draining lymph nodes. Suppression of tumor growth is observed both at the primary site and at the distal site, thereby hinting at successful induction of an adaptive anti‐tumor response. This strategy holds promise for therapeutic application in a pre‐operative and post‐operative setting to leverage to mutanome of the patient's own tumor to mount immunological memory to clear residual tumor cells and metastasis. A novel in situ tumor vaccine that co‐deliver TLR7/8 agonist and photosensitizer is fabricated, which can target tumor cells and the immune system separately. The NanopIR/mpIMcan harness the tumor as the source of antigens, and enhance the immune system by activating antigen‐presenting cells. This approach is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy of primary and distal tumors.

Efficient and practical: The title reaction provides an efficient route to α‐ketoamides compounds, which are ubiquitous structural units in a number of biologically active compounds. N‐substituted anilines are suitable substrates for this transformation. Two Csp3H bonds as well as one Csp2H and one NH bond are cleaved in this reaction. Molecular oxygen (1 atm) is used as the oxidant and the reaction involves dioxygen activation.

Effizient und praktisch: Die Titelreaktion ergibt eine effiziente Route zu α‐Ketoamiden, geläufigen Struktureinheiten in einer Reihe biologisch aktiver Verbindungen. N‐substituierte Aniline sind geeignete Substrate für diese Umwandlung. Zwei Csp3‐H‐, eine Csp2‐H‐ und eine N‐H‐Bindung werden bei dieser Reaktion gespalten. Molekularer Sauerstoff (1 atm) fungiert als Oxidationsmittel, und die Reaktion verläuft über Disauerstoffaktivierung.

Antioxidant hydrogel has exhibited great potential for diabetic wound treatment. However, it is still a difficult challenge to realize reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in an intelligent manner. Herein, we designed a novel glucose-responsive antioxidant hybrid hydrogel for enhanced diabetic wound repair. In this study, phenylboronic acid (PBA) with unique glucose-sensitivity was modified onto a hyaluronic acid (HA) chain by one-step synthesis, which was then incorporated into a polyethylene glycol diacrylates (PEG-DA) hydrogel matrix to obtain a novel hybrid hydrogel (PEG-DA/HA-PBA). Then, myricetin (MY) molecules with strong antioxidant activity were immobilized into the hybrid hydrogel by the formation of a dynamic borate bond between the polyphenol group of MY and the phenylboronic acid group of HA-PBA. The PEG-DA/HA-PBA/MY (PHM) hybrid hydrogel achieved glucose-triggered MY release, efficient ROS-scavenging (>80.0%), and also reshaped the hostile oxidative wound microenvironment (reduced MDA activity and increased SOD and GSH/GSSG levels). Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo results indicated that the PHM hydrogel platform effectively ameliorated the inflammatory response (decreased IL-6 and increased Il-10 expression), accelerated angiogenesis (increased VEGF and CD 31 expression), and increased tissue remodeling within 20 days, which was better than the nonresponsive PEG-DA/MY (PM) hydrogel platform in promoting diabetic wound healing. All results strongly suggested that this novel glucose-responsive antioxidant hybrid hydrogel platform has great potential in diabetic wound repair.

Nine new pinguisane sesquiterpenoid compounds, 1–9, including a highly oxygenated compound (1) and two amides (7and 8), along with three known compounds (10, 11, and 12), were isolated from the Chinese liverwort Trocholejeunea sandvicensisMizut (Lejeuneaceae). The structures of these compounds were determined by analysis of IR, UV, HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages indicated that the maximum inhibition rates of NO production of compounds 1, 9, and 10were 83.15%, 83.54%, and 96.28% under the nontoxic tested concentration, respectively. Compound 9also displayed moderate anti-inflammatory activity in vivo in a CuSO4-induced transgenic zebrafish model.

The accelerating and thorough treatment of chronic wounds still represents a major unmet medical need owing to the complex symptoms resulting from metabolic disorder of the wound microenvironment. Although numerous strategies and bioactive hydrogels are developed, an effective and widely used method of chronic wound treatment remains a bottleneck. With the aim to accelerate chronic wound healing, many hydrogel dressings with antioxidant functions have emerged and are proven to accelerate wound healing, especially for chronic wound repair. The new strategy in chronic wound treatment brought by antioxidant hydrogels is of great significance to human health. Here, the application of antioxidant hydrogels in the repair of chronic wounds is discussed systematically, aiming to provide an important theoretical reference for the further breakthrough of chronic wound healing. Antioxidant hydrogel dressings are proved to be effective in accelerating chronic wound healing. Meanwhile, antioxidant hydrogels for chronic wound healing include three main types: 1) antioxidant matrixes constructing hydrogels; 2) hydrogels containing antioxidation drugs; 3) hydrogels containing multifunctional antioxidants.

Optimized conditions are developed for the title reaction including the orexin receptor antagonist (X).