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Combined photodynamic and photothermal therapy (PDT and PTT) can achieve more superior therapeutic effects than the sole mode by maximizing the photon utilization, but there remains a significant challenge in the development of related single-molecule photosensitizers (PSs), particularly those with type I photosensitization. In this study, self-assembly of squaraine dyes (SQs) is shown to be a promising strategy for designing PSs for combined type I PDT and PTT, and a supramolecular PS (TPE-SQ7) has been successfully developed through subtle molecular design of an indolenine SQ, which can self-assemble into highly ordered H-aggregates in aqueous solution as well as nanoparticles (NPs). In contrast to the typical quenching effect of H-aggregates on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, our results encouragingly manifest that H-aggregates can enhance type I ROS (•OH) generation by facilitating the intersystem crossing process while maintaining a high PTT performance. Consequently, TPE-SQ7 NPs with ordered H-aggregates not only exhibit superior combined therapeutic efficacy than the well-known PS (Ce6) under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions but also have excellent biosafety, making them have important application prospects in tumor phototherapy and antibacterial fields. This study not only proves that the supramolecular self-assembly of SQs is an effective strategy toward high-performance PSs for combined type I PDT and PTT but also provides a different understanding of the effect of H-aggregates on the PDT performance.

The essence of university courses lies in their scientific rigor, while the joy of learning serves as a motivating force. With this in mind, a comparative experiment was designed to investigate the catalytic role of phase configurations of two-dimensional MoS2(2D MoS2) in maleic anhydride (MAH) selective hydrogenation to succinic anhydride (SA). This experiment was tailored for senior undergraduates majoring in energy, materials science, and chemical engineering. Through the analysis of hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), Raman, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, the students thoroughly explored the structural information and chemical properties of synthesized 2D MoS2. The characterization and kinetic results revealed a linear relationship between the specific reaction rate and the concentration of 1T-MoS2, affirming the superior intrinsic activity of 1T-MoS2for MAH selective hydrogenation to SA. Following this comparative laboratory experiment, the students gained insight into the principles and processes of selective hydrogenation, learned about catalyst preparation and characterization methods, and developed scientific thinking skills for solving practical problems. Our comprehensive experiments are instrumental in enhancing students’ experimental skills and their ability to tackle practical problems using interdisciplinary knowledge.

There is a growing interest in incorporating whole grain highland barley (HB) to wheat bread for improving nutrients and potential health benefits. However, the qualities and sensory properties of whole grain‐based bread were reduced compared to refined wheat‐based bread due to the strong water absorption and large particle size of dietary fiber in whole grain. Therefore, ultra‐fine ground whole grain HB partially substituted 5%–40% wheat flour to make bread, and the relevant dough properties and bread qualities were studied. The increased addition of ultra‐fine ground whole grain HB from 5% to 40% to wheat increased dough development time, whereas, decreased dough stability time, elasticity, pH, G′ modulus, and G″ modulus. The increased substitution of ultra‐fine ground whole grain HB to wheat further reduced the specific volume, cohesiveness, elasticity, and resilience of bread, whereas, increased the hardness, adhesiveness, and chewiness of bread. The partial substitution of wheat with ultra‐fine ground whole grain HB from 5% to 40% wheat significantly affected wheat‐HB dough properties and resultant bread qualities mainly due to weakened gluten networking. The 5%–10% substitution of wheat by ultra‐fine ground whole grain HB showed the optimum dough properties and bread qualities compared to other treatments, which substituted 20%–40% wheat flour.

Byline: Nan. Wang, Jingwen. Xu, Gang. Wang, Pikun. Cao, Xin. Ye Objective: To preliminarily evaluate the efficacy and safety of pancreatic intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy (PAIC) with nab-paclitaxel in patients with [...]

A key challenge in the search of new materials capable of singlet fission (SF) arises from the primary energy conservation criterion, i.e., the energy of the triplet exciton has to be half that of the singlet (E(S1) ≥ 2E(T1)), which excludes most photostable organic materials from consideration and confines the design strategy to materials with low energy triplet states. One potential way to overcome this energy requirement and improve the triplet energy is to enable a SF channel from higher energy (“hot”) excitonic states (Sn) in a process called activated SF. Herein, we demonstrate that efficient activated SF is achieved in a rylene imide-based derivative acenaphth[l, 2–a]acenaphthylene diimide (AADI). This process is enabled by an increase in the energy gap to greater than 1.0 eV between the S3and S1states due to the incorporation of an antiaromatic pentalene unit, which leads to the emergence of anti-Kasha properties in the isolated molecule. Transient spectroscopy studies show that AADI undergoes ultrafast SF from higher singlet excited states in thin film, with excitation wavelength-dependent SF yields. The SF yield of ∼200% is observed upon higher energy excitation, and long-lived free triplets persist on the μs time scale suggesting that AADI can be used in SF-enhanced devices. Our results suggest that enlarging the Sn–S1energy gap is an effective way to turn on the activated SF channel and shed light on the development of novel, stable SF materials with high triplet energies.

The properties and formation mechanisms of the triplet state have been widely investigated since they are crucial intermediates in photo functional devices. Specifically, helical PDI dimers, horizontal expanded p-conjugated derivatives of PDI, have shown outstanding performance as electron acceptors in enhancing the performance of photovoltaics. Therefore, the exploration of triplet generation in helical PDI dimers plays a crucial role in understanding the mechanisms and excavating their further application. We make use of Se-annulation to induce intersystem crossing (ISC) in helical PDI dimers and further explore the triplet evolution process systematically as the number of Se atoms increases by transient absorption spectroscopy and the hole–electron analysis method. It shows that the twisted molecular conformation has paved the way for potential ISC in a parent molecule PDI2. The incorporation of Se atoms can result in evident promotion in the efficiency of ISC (?TPDI2-2Se= 96.9%) compared to the parent molecule PDI2(?TPDI2= 26.5%), indicating that chalcogen-annulation is also an efficient strategy in a p-extended system. Our results provide useful insights for understanding the triplet evolution process, which can help broaden the application of the p-extended PDI system into high-performance photovoltaics.

Rechargeable hydrogen gas batteries, driven by hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR), are emerging grid-scale energy storage technologies owing to their low cost and superb cycle life. However, compared with aqueous electrolytes, the HER/HOR activities in nonaqueous electrolytes have rarely been studied. Here, for the first time, we develop a nonaqueous proton electrolyte (NAPE) for a high-performance hydrogen gas–proton battery for all-climate energy storage applications. The advanced nonaqueous hydrogen gas–proton battery (NAHPB) assembled with a representative V2(PO4)3cathode and H2anode in a NAPE exhibits a high discharge capacity of 165 mAh g–1at 1 C at room temperature. It also efficiently operates under all-climate conditions (from −30 to +70 °C) with an excellent electrochemical performance. Our findings offer a new direction for designing nonaqueous proton batteries in a wide temperature range.

Shell ginger (Alpinia zerumbet) is a perennial ornamental plant of ginger native to East Asia, which can be used as a flavoring agent in food or beverage, as well as a traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, a total of 37 terpenoids, including 7 new compounds, zerumin D1 to zerumin D7 (2, 3, 28–30, 36, and 37), and 5 new naturally occurring compounds, zerumin D10 to zerumin D14 (9, 12, 15, 20, and 24), were isolated and identified from the rhizomes of shell ginger. Compound 3was an unprecedented variant labdane diterpenoid featuring a unique 6/7/6/3 tetracyclic cyclic ether system in its side chain. The anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated terpenoids were assessed in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Compound 4significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide with an IC50value of 5.4 μM. Further investigation revealed that compounds 2and 3may inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, thus suppressing the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2 to exert the anti-inflammatory effects.

Lipid storage myopathy (LSM) is a heterogeneous group of lipid metabolism disorders predominantly affecting skeletal muscle by triglyceride accumulation in muscle fibers. Riboflavin therapy has been shown to ameliorate symptoms in some LSM patients who are essentially concerned with multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency (MADD). It is proved that riboflavin responsive LSM caused by MADD is mainly due to ETFDHgene variant (ETFDH-RRMADD). We described here a case with riboflavin responsive LSM and MADD resulting from FLAD1gene variants (c.1588 C > T p.Arg530Cys and c.1589 G > C p.Arg530Pro, FLAD1-RRMADD). And we compared our patient together with 9 FLAD1-RRMADD cases from literature to 106 ETFDH-RRMADD cases in our neuromuscular center on clinical history, laboratory investigations and pathological features. Furthermore, the transcriptomics study on FLAD1-RRMADD and ETFDH-RRMADD were carried out. On muscle pathology, both FLAD1-RRMADD and ETFDH-RRMADD were proved with lipid storage myopathy in which atypical ragged red fibers were more frequent in ETFDH-RRMADD, while fibers with faint COX staining were more common in FLAD1-RRMADD. Molecular study revealed that the expression of GDF15gene in muscle and GDF15 protein in both serum and muscle was significantly increased in FLAD1-RRMADD and ETFDH-RRMADD groups. Our data revealed that FLAD1-RRMADD (p.Arg530) has similar clinical, biochemical, and fatty acid metabolism changes to ETFDH-RRMADD except for muscle pathological features.

The real-world Electronic Health Records (EHRs) present irregularities due to changes in the patient's health status, resulting in various time intervals between observations and different physiological variables examined at each observation point. There have been recent applications of Transformer-based models in the field of irregular time series. However, the full attention mechanism in Transformer overly focuses on distant information, ignoring the short-term correlations of the condition. Thereby, the model is not able to capture localized changes or short-term fluctuations in patients' conditions. Therefore, we propose a novel end-to-end Deformable Neighborhood Attention Transformer (DNA-T) for irregular medical time series. The DNA-T captures local features by dynamically adjusting the receptive field of attention and aggregating relevant deformable neighborhoods in irregular time series. Specifically, we design a Deformable Neighborhood Attention (DNA) module that enables the network to attend to relevant neighborhoods by drifting the receiving field of neighborhood attention. The DNA enhances the model's sensitivity to local information and representation of local features, thereby capturing the correlation of localized changes in patients' conditions. We conduct extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of DNA-T, outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods in predicting the mortality risk of patients. Moreover, we visualize an example to validate the effectiveness of the proposed DNA.

Objective: To observe whether 10.6 µm infrared laser moxibustion provides greater pain and stiffness relief and improves joint function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) compared with sham laser moxibustion. Methods: A total of 178 patients with KOA were randomly divided into a CO2laser moxibustion group and a sham laser moxibustion group by block randomization method. Patients in the two groups received 10.6 µm infrared laser moxibustion or sham laser moxibustion treatment symmetrically at bilateral Dubi (ST35), respectively. Patients in both groups received 20 min of treatment, 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Treatment effects were assessed by changes in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) before treatment, at mid-treatment (2 weeks), at the end of treatment (4 weeks), and 4 weeks after treatment. Completion time for walking 50 yards was evaluated as a secondary measurement. Results: There were no statistical differences in the WOMAC scores for pain, stiffness, and function between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). Patients in the CO2laser moxibustion group experienced greater improvement in WOMAC pain, stiffness, and function scores at mid-treatment, the end of treatment, and 4 weeks after treatment (P<0.05). No significant inter-group difference was found at each assessment of the 50-yard walking time (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with the sham laser moxibustion, 10.6 µm laser moxibustion can significantly reduce pain and improve knee joint stiffness and function in patients with KOA.

Aqueous proton batteries (APBs) have emerged as one of the most promising batteries for large-scale energy storage technology. However, they usually show an undesirable electrochemical performance. Herein, we demonstrate a novel aqueous catalytic hydrogen gas powered organic proton (HOP) battery, which is driven by hydrogen evolution/oxidation redox reactions via commercial nanocatalysts on the anode and coordination/decoordination reactions of C═O with H+on the cathode. The HOP battery shows an excellent rate capacity of 190.1 mAh g–1at 1 A g–1and 71.4 mAh g–1at 100 A g–1. It also delivers a capacity of 96.6 mAh g–1after 100000 cycles and operates at temperatures down to −70 °C. Moreover, the HOP battery is fabricated in a large-scale pouch cell with an extended capacity, exhibiting its potential for practical energy storage applications. This work provides new insights into the building of sustainable APBs, which will broaden the horizons of high-performance aqueous batteries.

Hydrogen gas batteries are regarded as one of the most promising rechargeable battery systems for large-scale energy storage applications due to their advantages of high rates and long-term cycle lives. However, the development of cost-effective and low-temperature-tolerant hydrogen gas batteries is highly desirable yet very challenging. Herein, we report a novel conductive polymer–hydrogen gas battery that is suitable for ultralow-temperature energy storage applications and consists of a hydrogen gas anode, a conductive polymer cathode using polyaniline (PANI) or polypyrrole as examples, and protonic acidic electrolytes. The PANI–H2battery using 1 M H2SO4as the electrolyte exhibits a capacity of 67 mA h/g, a remarkable rate up to 15 A/g, a Coulombic efficiency around 100%, and an ultra-long life of 10,000 cycles. Using the anti-freezing 9 M H3PO4electrolyte, the PANI–H2battery can operate well at temperatures down to −70 °C, which maintains ∼70% of the capacity at room temperature and shows an excellent cycle stability under −60 °C. Benefiting from the fast redox kinetics of both electrodes, this work demonstrates excellent rate performance and low-temperature feasibility of conductive polymer-H2batteries, providing a new avenue for further development of low-cost and reliable polymer-H2batteries for large-scale energy storage.

ABSTRACTTripartite Motif Containing 24 (TRIM24) is an oncogenic protein and promotes proliferation in several cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, the role of TRIM24 in proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) remains to be clarified. The current study was aimed to reveal the role of TRIM24 in proliferation and migration of PASMCs during the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In pulmonary arteries (PAs) of chronic hypoxia-PAH (CH-PAH) mice and PASMCs challenged with hypoxia, the expression of TRIM24 was increased. Silencing TRIM24 by Trim24short hair RNA (shTrim24) suppressed hypoxia-induced increase in Ki-67 positive PASMCs and wound-healing rate. Furthermore, hypoxia caused enhanced phosphorylation of AKT and two major effectors of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), S6 and 4EBP1 in PASMCs. The enhancement was then attenuated after silencing TRIM24. Both restoring mTORC1 activity and AKT reactivation abolished silencing TRIM24-mediated inhibition of proliferation and migration of PASMCs. Additionally, AKT reactivation also reversed the declined phosphorylation of S6 and 4EBP1 induced by shTrim24. In conclusion, TRIM24 is involved in the excessive proliferation and migration of PASMCs after hypoxic stimulus during PAH. The mechanism of TRIM24-mediated regulation of PASMCs is partly illustrated by promoting activity of AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway.

Ion-conductive polymers having a well-defined phase-separated structure show the potential application of separating mono- and bivalent ion separation. In this work, three side-chain-type poly(arylene ether sulfone)-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have been fabricated to investigate the effect of the stiffness of the polymer backbone within AEMs on the Cl–/NO3–and Cl–/SO42–separation performance. Our investigations via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), positron annihilation, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrate that the as-prepared AEM with a rigid benzimidazole structure in the backbone bears subnanometer ion channels resulting from the arrangement of the rigid polymer backbone. In particular, SAXS results demonstrate that the rigid benzimidazole-containing AEM in the wet state has an ion cluster size of 0.548 nm, which is smaller than that of an AEM with alkyl segments in the backbone (0.760 nm). Thus, in the electrodialysis (ED) process, the former exhibits a superior capacity of separating Cl–/SO42–ions relative to latter. Nevertheless, the benzimidazole-containing AEM shows an inability to separate the Cl–/NO3–ions, which is possibly due to the similar ion size of the two. The higher rotational energy barrier (4.3 × 10–3Hartree) of benzimidazole units and the smaller polymer matrix free-volume (0.636%) in the AEM significantly contribute to the construction of smaller ion channels. As a result, it is believed that the rigid benzimidazole structure of this kind is a benefit to the construction of stable subnanometer ion channels in the AEM that can selectively separate ions with different sizes.

Chinese olive is a well-known fruit in China. In this study, we explored anti-inflammatory phytochemicals of Chinese olive fruit, which led to the isolation of nine pairs of new enantiomers of benzofuran neolignans (1a/1b–9a/9b). Among them, the planar structures of compounds 1–3were undescribed previously, and the absolute configurations of all compounds were reported first. Their stereostructures were elucidated on the basis of the interpretation of NMR, HRESIMS, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data, as well as ECD calculation. All compounds exhibited pronounced inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50values ranging from 6.0 to 30.2 μM. Furthermore, compounds 6aand 6bexert anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, thereby reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-6. This study could provide some guidance and evidence to the further development and utilization of the Chinese olive.

A printable ink composed of a photoactive cationic conjugated poly(phenylene vinylene) derivative (PPV) and gelatin/alginate/hyaluronic acid is developed for 3D printing artificial skin patches. This patch shows excellent photodynamic therapy-based anti-infection superiority and outstanding bioactivity to facilitate wound repair. This study contributes to design new conjugated polymer inks for manufacturing functional skin patches.

Uncontrolled inflammation is associated with many major diseases, and there is still an urgent need to develop new anti-inflammatory drugs. 3α-Angeloyloxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (WT-25) is an ent-kaurane dieterpenoid extracted from Wedelia trilobata, a medicinal plant with potential anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of WT-25 is better than that of its analog kaurenoic acid, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. In this study, our aim was to study the anti-inflammatory effect of WT-25. In xylene-induced edema in mice, WT-25 produced 51% inhibition. WT-25 suppressed nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by downregulating the expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). WT-25 reduced expression and secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, WT-25 inhibited NF-κB activation and its upstream signaling, decreasing phosphorylation IKK and p65 levels. WT-25 also inhibited the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family. Additionally, it reduced LPS-induced excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintained mitochondrial integrity in RAW264.7 cells. All these results indicate that WT-25 is a bioactive molecule with the potential to be developed as a novel structured anti-inflammatory drug.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the spread of which has led to a pandemic. An effective preventive vaccine against this virus is urgently needed. As an essential step during infection, SARS-CoV-2 uses the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein to engage with the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on host cells1,2. Here we show that a recombinant vaccine that comprises residues 319–545 of the RBD of the spike protein induces a potent functional antibody response in immunized mice, rabbits and non-human primates (Macaca mulatta) as early as 7 or 14 days after the injection of a single vaccine dose. The sera from the immunized animals blocked the binding of the RBD to ACE2, which is expressed on the cell surface, and neutralized infection with a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and live SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Notably, vaccination also provided protection in non-human primates to an in vivo challenge with SARS-CoV-2. We found increased levels of RBD-specific antibodies in the sera of patients with COVID-19. We show that several immune pathways and CD4 T lymphocytes are involved in the induction of the vaccine antibody response. Our findings highlight the importance of the RBD domain in the design of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and provide a rationale for the development of a protective vaccine through the induction of antibodies against the RBD domain.

Capture, analysis, and inactivation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have emerged as important issues for the early diagnosis and therapy of cancer. In this study, an all-in-one sensing device was developed by integrating magnetic metal–organic framework (magMOF) nanoparticles (NPs) and TiO2nanotube arrays (TiNTs). The magMOF NPs are composed of a magnetic Fe3O4core and a MIL-100(Fe) shell, which is loaded with glucose oxidase (GOD) and provides an intensive starvation therapy by catalyzing the consumption of cellular nutrients, thus accelerating the generation of intracellular iron ions by MIL-100(Fe) dissolution. Importantly, these iron ions not only lead to an intensive Fenton-like reaction but also establish an excellent correlation of electrochemical intensities with cancer cell numbers. Owing to the intracellular magMOF NPs, the CTCs were magnetically collected onto TiNTs. The exogenous ·OH radicals generated by TiNT photocatalysis trigger iron ions to be rapidly released out and subsequently detected via differential pulse voltammetry using TiNTs as the electrode. An excellent correlation of differential pulse voltammetry intensities with CTC numbers is obtained from 2 to 5000 cell mL–1. This nanoplatform not only paves a way to combine starvation therapy agents with Fenton-like reaction for chemodynamic therapy but also opens up new insights into the construction of all-in-one chips for CTC capture and diagnosis.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials have attracted much interest in life science and biological fields because of their excellent photocatalytic activity and good biocompatibility. However, owing to its wide band gap, photocatalysis of TiO2can be only triggered by UV light. The limited transparent depth of UV light and the generated reactive oxygen species (ROSs) cause inflammation response of skin tissue, thus posing two major challenges in the photocatalytic application of TiO2-based materials in drug delivery and other biotechnology fields. Here, we propose an upconversion-related strategy to enable the photocatalytic activity of TiO2nanotubes in near-infrared light and apply the system as a controllable drug delivery platform. More importantly, the ROS-induced cytotoxicity and the preleaching of payloads are significantly reduced on the as-proposed amphiphilic TiO2nanotubes. The hydrophobic monolayers are served as a “cap” to provide protection for ROS-induced inflammation and long-term storability. This amphiphilic drug delivery system broadens the potential applications of TiO2-based nanomaterials in biomedicine.

The low penetration depth of UV light in mammalian tissue is the critical limitation for the use of TiO2-based photocatalysis in biomedical applications. In this work, we develop an effective near-infrared (NIR)-active photocatalytic platform that consists of a shell structure of upconversion nanocrystals decorated on a core of Au/dark-TiO2. The heart of this system is the strong photocatalytic activity in the visible region enabled by the gold surface-plasmon resonance on dark TiO2(D-TiO2). Simulation and experiment demonstrate for an optimized Au/D-TiO2combination a highly enhanced light absorption in the visible range. Using ampicillin sodium (AMP) as model drug, we exemplify the effective use of this principle by demonstrating a NIR light-triggered photocatalytic payload release. Importantly, the photocatalytically generated reactive oxygen species can effectively inactivate AMP-resistant bacteria strains, thus maintaining an antibacterial effect even after all drug is released. Overall, we anticipate that the here-introduced NIR-light-active photocatalytic cascade can considerably widen TiO2-based photocatalysis and its applications into the infrared range.

Onion is the most widely cultivated vegetable around the world. In this study, the isolation, concentration, quantification, and bioactivity evaluation of the phenolics in onion peels were investigated. Thirty-four phenolics, including 17 flavonoids and 17 nonflavonoid phenolics, were purified and identified. Among them, there were 2 new unusual epoxyflavanones and a new phenolic constituent, as well as 13 unreported constituents from the genus Allium. The total flavonoids were concentrated, and finally obtained 90.25% of flavonoid content extract. Fifteen main flavonoids were quantified using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (UPLC-PDA), and quercetin (36.94%) and quercetin 4′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (15.81%) were the richest contents of flavonoids. The antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory capacities were evaluated, and the bioactive results indicated that the flavonoids in onion exhibited pronounced activities. The study suggested that the flavonoids in onion peels could be used in functional food.

Electroporation induced by the “point discharge” effect is an effective technique for bacteria inactivation. Rapidly monitoring the electroporation-induced inactivation process is important for screening nanomaterials with high antimicrobial performance. In this study, we develop a facile strategy to in situ monitor the electroporation induced antimicrobial mechanism based on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect of the Au-nanotip arrays. Owning to the high local-electric field (∼107V m–1) generated on the Au nanotips, the bacteria are rapidly electroporated and effectively inactivated with ≥99.9% reduction in bacteria colony counts by only applying an external voltage of +0.8 V for 10 s. The related inactivation mechanism is directly verified by the formation of the Prussian blue (PB) nanocrystals by leaking of the uptaken [Fe(CN)6]3–ions from the cleavage area on the cell membrane. These [Fe(CN)6]3–ions react with Fe2+to form PB nanocrystals onsite as soon as they leak out. The characteristic peak of PB in the cellular Raman-silent region provides a collective monitoring approach for the destruction of microorganisms. The present strategy not only develops a facial method for future use in evaluating electroporation materials, but also paves a rapid way for offering accurate information on some antibacterial and antitumor processes.

In order to strengthen the electron-donating–accepting behavior of ZnZrOxcatalysts to produce methanol with CO2hydrogenation, Co was doped in a ZnZrOxcatalyst through coprecipitation to generate Co–O3–Zn electron transfer to promote hydrogen desorption on electron-rich Zn sites for CO2methanolation. The electron-rich state of Zn species weakened the Zn–H bond to promote desorption of H* species, which was favorable to exposure of Zn species for further hydrogen dissociation. Co was incorporated into the ZnZrOxcrystal lattice to create more oxygen vacancies to facilitate CO2adsorption on catalysts for methanol production. DFT calculations showed that the binding energy of active hydrogen species on CoZnZrOxcatalysts was lower than that of ZnZrOxcatalysts. HAADF-STEM and XANES/EXAFS clarified that atomic Co with +2.3 valence was dispersed with an average Co–O coordination number of 3.1 in CoZnZrOxcatalysts. XPS confirmed that Zn accepted electrons donated from Co to generate electron-rich Zn species. H2-TPR revealed that the low-temperature reduction peak of the CoZnZrOx-1% catalyst shifted to 305 °C, which was lower than that (378 °C) of the ZnZrOxcatalyst. This promoted methanol yield by 58% at 5 MPa, 310 °C, H2/CO2/Ar = 80:8:12, and GHSV = 12,000 mL gcat–1h–1.

The berries of black nightshade (Solanum nigrumL.) are consumed as a favorite fruit in some regions and have been reported to possess a range of biological activities. Previous studies have found that the steroidal saponins from the berries of S. nigrum(SN) showed potential antileukemic activity, although the underlying mechanism remains to be revealed. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of SN in combination with adriamycin to reverse leukemia multidrug resistance in vivoand in vitro. The results indicated that the combination of SN and adriamycin displayed enhanced suppression ability both in vitroand in vivoby the modulation of drug efflux proteins. Further study revealed that SN and adriamycin co-treatment induced cell apoptosis in K562/ADR cells through caspase pathways and autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathway. This study provides a new prospect of the berries of black nightshade in multidrug resistance therapy of cancer.

The development of efficient, stable, and low-cost bifunctional catalysts for the hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction (HER/HOR) is critical to promote the application of hydrogen gas batteries in large scale energy storage systems. Here we demonstrate a non-noble metal high-entropy alloy grown on Cu foam (NNM-HEA@CF) as a self-supported catalytic electrode for nickel-hydrogen gas (Ni-H2) batteries. Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the NNM-HEA catalyst greatly facilitates the HER/HOR catalytic process through the optimized electronic structures of the active sites. The assembled Ni-H2battery with NNM-HEA@CF as the anode shows excellent rate capability and exceptional cycling performance of over 1800 h without capacity decay at an areal capacity of 15 mAh cm–2. Furthermore, a scaled-up Ni-H2battery fabricated with an extended capacity of 0.45 Ah exhibits a high cell-level energy density of ∼109.3 Wh kg–1. Moreover, its estimated cost reaches as low as ∼107.8 $ kWh–1based on all key components of electrodes, separator and electrolyte, which is reduced by more than 6 times compared to that of the commercial Pt/C-based Ni-H2battery. This work provides an approach to develop high-efficiency non-noble metal-based bifunctional catalysts for hydrogen batteries in large-scale energy storage applications.

ABSTRACT2-Methoxy-5((3,4,5-trimethosyphenyl)seleninyl) phenol (SQ), a novel synthesized combretastatin A-4
(CA-4) analogue, is identified as a microtubule inhibitor and has been shown to exert anticancer activity in breast cancer cells. Here, we found that SQ reversed epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced motility and invasion in breast cancer cell lines by the in vitroWound healing and Transwell assay. Further studies showed that SQ treatment resulted in inhibitory alteration of EGF-stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and MMP-2 activity. What is more, SQ significantly inhibited the EGF-induced mouse double minute 2- (MDM2) expression and transcription factor Twist1 expression. In addition, compared with the control cells, MDM2 overexpression up-regulated Twist1 expression and dramatically promoted cell migration and invasion, MDM2 under-expression also down-regulated Twist1 expression and suppressed cell motility and invasion. Taken together, our findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of SQ on migration and invasion were related to the suppression of MDM2 and Twist1 signal axis.

Extensive synthesis and applications of few-layered black phosphorus (BPs) are accompanied by increasing concern over its stability and potential risk. However, the colloidal stability of BPs under environmentally relevant conditions remains unclear. Hence, we investigated the influences of two representative electrolytes (i.e., NaCl and CaCl2) and natural organic matter (NOM) on the aggregation behavior of BPs. Ca2+ions exhibited a stronger destabilization effect on BPs than Na+due to their stronger surface charge screening as well as intersheet bridging by the complexes of Ca2+ions and oxidized phosphorus (POx) species on the BPs surface. Apart from the Ca2+-induced enhanced aggregation in the presence of high concentration of Ca2+, the aggregation behavior of BPs in the two electrolytes at different concentrations and their ratios of critical coagulation concentrations (CCCs) generally followed classical colloidal theory such as the Schulze–Hardy rule. Moreover, in the presence of 10 mg C/L NOM the CCC values of BPs in NaCl and CaCl2solutions were both three times higher than that obtained without NOM, and the aggregation kinetics of BPs in these electrolytes containing NOM were qualitatively consistent with extended DLVO theory. Specifically, NOM significantly improved the stabilization of BPs in CaCl2solutions viasteric repulsion and isolation of Ca2+ions from interaction with POxspecies on the surface of BPs. This stabilization mechanism derived from “NOM corona” structures was elucidated by a wide spectrum of characterization and quantification techniques. These findings provide new insights into evaluating the stability and fate of this nanomaterial in natural aquatic environments.

Bacterial sensing and inactivating is one of the key steps to prevent bacterial propagation and transfer. Here, using Ag nanoparticle-grafted tungsten oxide films (WO3/Ag), we developed a multifunctional platform that may act as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate for sensitively capturing and counting bacteria. Moreover, we demonstrated that the use of photon-triggered surface plasmon resonance of Ag on the WO3surface resulted in a significantly improved photocatalytic activity under visible light (638 nm). The photogenerated reactive oxygen species have been shown to be efficient in the inactivation of bacteria, and the bacteria inactivation process could be monitored in situ by Raman spectroscopy. On the basis of the obtained Raman results and fluorescence measurements of green fluorescence protein expressing bacteria, the active species triggered by hot spots was demonstrated to account for broken cell walls. The bacterial cell contents subsequently leaked out, leading to cell degradation. Potentially, our work may provide a promising strategy for capturing and monitoring the bactericidal process at low concentration and, specifically, may help in the investigation of related inactivation approaches and mechanisms.

Potassium channel Kv2.1 regulates potassium current in cortical neurons and potassium efflux is necessary for cell apoptosis. As a major component of delayed rectifier current potassium channels, Kv2.1 forms clusters in the membrane of hippocampal neurons. BACE2 is an aspartyl protease to cleave APP to prevent the generation of Aβ, a central component of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer’s brain. We now identified Kv2.1 as a novel substrate of BACE2. We found that BACE2 cleaved Kv2.1 at Thr376, Ala717, and Ser769 sites and disrupted Kv2.1 clustering on cell membrane, resulting in decreased Ikof Kv2.1 and a hyperpolarizing shift in primary neurons. Furthermore, we discovered that the BACE2-cleaved Kv2.1 forms, Kv2.1-1-375, Kv2.1-1-716, and Kv2.1-1-768, depressed the delayed rectifier Iksurge and reduced neuronal apoptosis. Our study suggests that BACE2 plays a neuroprotective role by cleavage of Kv2.1 to prevent the outward potassium currents, a potential new target for Alzheimer’s treatment.

Electrochromic materials are widely used in smart windows. An ideal future electrochromic window would be able to control visible light transmission, tune building’s heat conversion of near-infrared (NIR) solar radiation, and reduce attacks by microorganisms. To date, most of the reports have primarily focused on visible-light transmission modulation using electrochromic materials. Herein, we report the fabrication of an electrochromic-photothermal film by integrating electrochromic WO3with plasmonic Au nanostructures and demonstrate its adjustability during optical transmission and photothermal conversion of visible and NIR lights. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Au nanostructures and the broadband nonradiative plasmon decay are proposed to be tunable using both the electric field and the WO3substrate. Further enhanced photothermal conversion is achieved in colored state, which is attributed to coupling of traditional visible-band optical switching with NIR-LSPR extinction. The resulted electrochromic-photothermal film can also effectively reduce the numbers of attacking microorganisms, thus promising for use as a sterile smart window for advanced applications.

To find some new desulfurizers for the smelter off-gas containing high levels of SO2, both the sulfur recovery performance and the regeneration performance of the sulfides of alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals were compared in both simulation and experiment. Although sodium sulfide (Na2S) showed a good sulfur recovery performance, its regeneration performance was poor due to the production of polysulfides. Calcium sulfide (CaS) was a feasible option of the desulfurizer because both its sulfur recovery performance and regeneration performance were satisfactory. CaS was prepared after the reduction of the commercial CaSO4(Red-Ca), the flue gas desulfurization gypsum (Red-FGD), the phosphogypsum (Red-P), and the titanogypsum (Red-Ti), respectively. The results showed that the performances of Red-Ca and Red-FGD were quite similar and both of them were distinctly better than Red-P and Red-Ti. According to XRF analysis and XRD patterns, the impurities in Red-P and Red-Ti reduced the activity of CaS. The sulfur recovery performance of both Red-FGD and Na2S in the presence of oxygen decreased comparing with the performance in the absence of oxygen, while the decrease for Red-FGD was less than Na2S. Higher reaction temperature and lower space velocity could significantly enhance the sulfur recovery performance of Red-FGD. The sulfur recovery performance was very stable in the investigated NO concentration, i.e., 400–800 ppm. SEM photos indicated that some mesopores newly occurred in the reduction of the FGD particles but then the porosity decreased to some extent after the desulfurization.

AbstractDongting Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in China. The beach of the lake contributes significantly in controlling floods and supporting ecosystems in the middle reach of the Yangtze River. However, adequately monitoring changes in the beach area is difficult because of great fluctuations in the water level, rapid sedimentation, and intensive human activities. We monitored the seasonal change of the lake beach area from 1993 to 2011 by combining changes in lake beach topography and water-level variations based on remote sensing and hydrological data. Results showed that beach area exhibited a significant increasing trend in the wet season. The lake beach area in the wet season was at its lowest in 1999 and highest in 2011, whereas in the dry season, it was lowest in 2008, with a peak value in 1999. The seasonal difference of the lake beach area was maximum in 1999 and minimum in 2011. Deposition decreased with elevation on the lake beach. The middle-low level beach was deposition based, whereas the middle-high level beach was erosion based. Given the topographic change of the beach, the lake beach expansion rate may slow down.

With increasing attention to personalized healthcare, miniaturized and easily implementable devices are desired for point-of-care testing (POCT). Herein, hydrophilic patterns were designed on freestanding TiO2nanotube arrays (TiNTs) as nanoreactors for a naked-eye colorimetric assay. With a high aspect ratio, TiNTs can provide a long observation length combined with a limited volume. Moreover, by combining the photocatalytic property of TiO2and spatiotemporal controllability of light, hydrophilic nanoreactors were fabricated with minimal volume, and thus the indicator and analyte are limited in a confined void by the hydrophobic surroundings, thus allowing a higher sensitivity for sensing. We believe the proposed sensing platform could provide a promising strategy in developing POCT devices for routine health monitoring.

Skin infections are major threats to human health, causing ∼500 incidences per 10 000 person-year. In patients with diabetes mellitus, particularly, skin infections are often accompanied by a slow healing process, amputation, and even death. Timely diagnosis of skin infection strains and on-site therapy are vital in human health and safety. Herein, a double-layered “test-to-treat” pad is developed for the visual monitoring and selective treatment of drug-sensitive (DS)/drug-resistant (DR) bacterial infections. The inner layer (using carrageenan hydrogel as a scaffold) is loaded with bacteria indicators and an acid-responsive drug (Fe-carbenicillin frameworks) for infection detection and DS bacteria inactivation. The outer layer is a mechanoluminescence material (ML, CaZnOS:Mn2+) and visible-light responsive photocatalyst (Pt@TiO2) incorporated elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). On the basis of the colorimetric sensing result (yellow for DS-bacterial infection and red for DR-bacterial infection), a suitable antibacterial strategy is guided and then performed. Two available bactericidal routes provided by double pad layers reflect the advantage. The controllable and effective killing of DR bacteria is realized by in situgenerated reactive oxygen species (ROSs) from the combination of Pt@TiO2and ML under mechanical force, avoiding physical light sources and alleviating off-target side effects of ROS in biomedical therapy. As a proof-of-concept, the “test-to-treat” pad is applied as a wearable wound dressing for sensing and selectively dealing with DS/DR bacterial infections in vitro and in vivo. This multifunctional design effectively reduces antibiotic abuse and accelerates wound healing, providing an innovative and promising Band-Aid strategy in point-of-care diagnosis and therapy.

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is often accompanied by upregulation of homocysteine (Hcy). Excessive Hcy damages cerebral vascular endothelial cells and neurons, inducing neurotoxicity and even neurodegeneration. Normally, supplementation of vitamin B12is an ideal intervention to reduce Hcy. However, vitamin B12therapy is clinically inefficacious for CIRI. Considering oxidative stress is closely related to CIRI, the lysosome is the pivotal site for vitamin B12transport. Lysosomal oxidative stress might hinder the transport of vitamin B12. Whether lysosomal malondialdehyde (lysosomal MDA), as the authoritative biomarker of lysosomal oxidative stress, interferes with the transport of vitamin B12has not been elucidated. This is ascribed to the absence of effective methods for real-time and in situ measurement of lysosomal MDA within living brains. Herein, a fluorescence imaging agent, Lyso-MCBH, was constructed to specifically monitor lysosomal MDA by entering the brain and targeting the lysosome. Erupting the lysosomal MDA level in living brains of mice under CIRI was first observed using Lyso-MCBH. Excessive lysosomal MDA was found to affect the efficacy of vitamin B12by blocking the transport of vitamin B12from the lysosome to the cytoplasm. More importantly, the expression and function of the vitamin B12transporter LMBD1 were proved to be associated with excessive lysosomal MDA. Altogether, the revealing of the lysosomal MDA-LMBD1 axis provides a cogent interpretation of the inefficacy of vitamin B12in CIRI, which could be a prospective therapeutic target.

In this work, we design a TiO2nanomembrane (TiNM) that can be used as a nanofilter platform for selective enrichment of specific proteins. After a first use, the photocatalytic properties of TiO2allow the decomposition of unwanted remnants on the substrate and thus make the platform reusable. To construct this platform, we fabricate a free-standing TiO2nanotube array and remove the bottom oxide to form a both-end-open TiNM. By pyrolysis of the natural tube wall contamination, the walls become decorated with graphitic carbon patches (C/TiNM). Owing to the large surface area, the amphiphilic nature and the charge-adjustable character, this C/TiNM can be used to extract and enrich hydrophobic charged biomolecules. Using human serum albumin (HSA) as a model protein as well as protein mixtures, we show that the composite membrane exhibits a highly enhanced loading capacity and protein selectivity and is reusable after a short UV treatment.

It is important to detect cancer biomarkers at an early stage of tumor development for the effective diagnosis and treatment of cancer. As a well-known probe for detecting superoxide (·O2–) radicals, nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) can rapidly react with ·O2–to form a hydrophobic formazan precipitate. In this study, by deliberately utilizing this reaction, Pt asymmetrically decorated on a TiO2nanochannel membrane (Pt/TiNM) is explored to fabricate an electrochemical immunosensing platform with outstanding selectivity and ultrahigh sensitivity. Using NBT as the substrate, hydrophobic formazan precipitation induces a substantial block of ionic diffusion flux in nanochannels. Using alpha fetoprotein (AFP) as the target analyte, the established immunorecognition event was used to induce MoS2-Ab2conjugates. Thanks to the excellent light-shielding ability of MoS2nanosheets, the production of ·O2–radicals from the photocatalysis of Pt/TiNM is effectively depressed because of the attenuated arrival of light. The reduced formazan precipitation results in ionic transport changes in nanochannels, which in turn enables the selective recognition of AFP down to 2 ng mL–1. This target-modulated sensing strategy is also capable of sensing other immune targets, thus paving a new way for designing nanochannel-based sensing platforms.

Although surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been applied for gathering fingerprint information, even in single molecule analysis, the decayed Raman signals in aqueous solutions largely obstruct the on-site insight reaction process. In this study, large-scaled semiconductor films with multi-walled (TiO2/WO3/TiO2) nanopore distribution are fabricated by combining electrochemical anodization and sputtering technique, and then employed as the SERS substrates for detection of molecules at the solid/liquid interfaces. Given the remarkably improved electrochromic property of the multi-walled film, such SERS substrates were endowed with tunable oxygen vacancy (VO) density and distribution viasimply applying electrochemical bias voltage, which enabled one to achieve an enhanced charge transfer efficiency and thus a remarkably increased Raman signal even in solution. The VO-rich SERS substrate is highly repeatable, thus providing a reliable platform for in-situmonitoring of the target molecules or intermediates at the solid/liquid interfaces.

Symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) provides a very promising option to engineer a novel light conversion scheme, while it is still a challenge to realize SB-CS in a nonpolar environment. The strength of electronic coupling plays a crucial role in determining the exciton dynamics of organic semiconductors. Herein, we describe how to mediate interchromophore coupling to achieve SB-CS in a nonpolar solvent by the use of two perylenediimide (PDI)-based trimers, 1,7-tri-PDIand 1,6-tri-PDI. Although functionalization at the N-atom decreases electronic coupling between PDI units, our strategy takes advantage of “bridge resonance”, in which the frontier orbital energies are nearly degenerate with those of the covalently linked PDI units, leading to enhanced interchromophore electronic coupling. Tunable electronic coupling was realized by the judicious combination of “bridge resonance” with N-functionalization. The enhanced mixing between the S1state and CT/CS states results in direct observation of the CT band in the steady-state UV–vis absorption and negative free energy of charge separation (ΔGCS) in both chloroform and toluene for the two trimers. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrated that photoinduced SB-CS in a nonpolar solvent is feasible. This work highlights that the use of “bridge resonance” is an effective way to control exciton dynamics of organic semiconductors.

We introduce a stretchable electronic facial mask (SEFM) as a platform for facial healthcare, which can integrate with various sensors and actuators. As a demonstration, an SEFM for sonophoresis enabling the promotion of the delivery effect of a drug mask is developed. To overcome the technique challenges, several approaches including the design of the joined silicone layer by two planar half-face portions and the single-side soft pressing (SSSP) technique for encapsulation are exploited in this work, which could be extended to the design and fabrication of other stretchable electronics. The mechanical, thermal, electrical, and ultrasonic characteristics of the SEFM are all verified by the finite element analysis and experiments. Finally, we prove the effect of the SEFM on accelerating the delivery of hyaluronic acid (HA) through animal experiments and confirm that the SEFM can enhance the skin moisture content by 20% via human facial experiments.

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol2020;135:1070–1083)Persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) oncotypes 16 and 18 accounts for up to 70% of all HPV-associated cervical cancer cases. Although the majority of HPV infections are cleared quickly by the immune system, a subset of approximately 10% to 20% of infections will persist, leading to disease progression and invasive cancer.

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-03108-4.

3D printing of stem cells provides a tremendous opportunity to tissue engineering in regenerative medicine. However, developing new bioactive materials to rationally augment stem cell viability is still an enormous challenge owing to the nutritionally deficient environment caused by the limited-penetration distance of nutrition when cells are encapsulated within biomaterials. In this work, a cationic conjugated polythiophene derivative, poly[3-(3′-N,N,N-triethylamino-1′-propyloxy)-4-methyl-2,5-thiophene hydrochloride] (PMNT), is designed and integrated into an anionic gelatin/alginate matrix to develop a new 3D bioprintable conjugated polymer ink Gel/Alg/PMNT, while the electrostatic interaction can assist PMNT to anchor inside ink without severe diffusional loss. In principle, PMNT is confirmed to promote human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) proliferation in a serum-free medium by driving cell cycles and up-regulating gene expression in the pathways of biosynthesis and the metabolism. By employing the 3D bioprinting strategy together with hMSCs, the accelerated healing of full-thickness excisional wounds is further realized through the augmented-stem cell therapeutics utilizing Gel/Alg/PMNT ink, in which hMSC proliferation can be effectively promoted upon inductive stimulation of PMNT. The inherent highly bioactive and robust proliferation-promoted nature of the developed conjugated polymer ink Gel/Alg/PMNT significantly overcomes the nutritionally deficient environment, especially in 3D-printed large-scale architectures. The bioactive polythiophene material exhibits a unique capacity to promote stem cell proliferation without the need of serum, providing a new bioink for 3D bioprinting in tissue reconstructions.

Wearable electronics have great potential in enhancing health monitoring, disease diagnosis, and environmental pollution tracking. Development of wearable surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates with target sampling and sensitive sensing functions is a promising way to obtain physical and chemical information. This study describes a facile and effective approach for constructing an electrically modulated SERS (E-SERS) substrate as a wearable and wireless battery-free substrate with improved sensitivity. By integrating zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) with asymmetric gold decoration, controllable enhanced piezoelectric potentials were achieved using magnets to supply the adjustable pressure force. Owing to spatially oriented electron–hole pair separation on the asymmetric NRs, the local hotspot intensity at the Au tips is significantly improved, increasing the SERS signal by 6.7 times. This mechanism was quantitatively analyzed using Raman spectra by in situformation of Prussian blue (PB). As a proof-of-concept, the E-SERS substrate was further used as a wearable flexible device to directly collect the sweat on a runner’s skin and then monitor the lactate status of the runner. This study offers new insight into the development of E-SERS substrates and provides new design options for the construction of wearable sampling and sensing devices for the noninvasive monitoring of metabolites in healthcare and biomedical fields.

Design and fabrication of fibrous materials by natural biological macromolecules in light of biomimetics to achieve spatially cellular arrangements are highly desirable in tissue engineering. Herein, chromatin‐inspired supramolecular fibers formed through the interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation (IPC) process by DNA and histone proteins for encapsulation and in situ differentiation of murine brain‐derived neural stem cells (NSCs) are reported. High cell viability of encapsulated NSCs demonstrates the excellent biocompatibility of fibers as 3D scaffolds. Moreover, a cell‐adhesive peptide (K6‐PEG‐RGD) is introduced into fibers by electrostatic interaction to improve NSCs encapsulation efficiency and prevent them from migrating out of fibers for enhanced spatially cellular arrangement. In situ differentiation of NSCs into oligodendrocytes within fibers is revealed by immunocytochemical staining assay. Due to the robust abilities to encapsulate and in situ differentiate NSCs, these chromatin‐inspired supramolecular fibers show great potential in neural system‐related tissue. Chromatin‐inspired supramolecular nanofibers are developed through the interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation process using negatively charged DNA and positively charged histone proteins. They provide a biocompatible microenvironment for murine brain‐derived neural stem cells to survive and in situ differentiate into oligodendrocytes. The supramolecular fibers exhibit good potentials in neural system‐related tissue engineering, especially in stem cell‐based regenerative medicine.