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With the continuous improvement of living standards and advancements in science and technology, composite materials with multiple functionalities are gaining high practical value in modern society. In this paper, we present a multifunctional conductive paper-based composite with electromagnetic (EMI) shielding, sensing, Joule heating, and antimicrobial properties. The composite is prepared by growing metallic silver nanoparticles inside the cellulose paper (CP) modified with polydopamine (PDA). The resulting CP@PDA@Ag (CPPA) composite has high conductivity and EMI shielding properties. Furthermore, CPPA composites demonstrate exceptional sensing, Joule heating, and antimicrobial properties. In addition, Vitrimer, a polymer with excellent cross-linked network structure, is introduced into CPPA composites to obtain CPPA-V intelligent electromagnetic shielding materials with shape memory function. These excellent properties show that the prepared multifunctional intelligent composite has exceptional EMI shielding, sensing, Joule heating, and antibacterial and shape memory properties. In short, this multifunctional intelligent composite material has great application prospects in flexible wearable electronics.

ABSTRACTPremature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a disease that seriously affects women’s reproductive function and even leads to lifelong infertility. Little is known about the mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ovarian dysfunction. Thus, we aimed to identify the role of the up-regulation of microRNA (miRNA)-146 expression offered protection against ovarian dysfunction by inhibiting the toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, TLR4/phosphorylated (p)-nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway and inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and Interleukin (IL)-6. In an in vivo study, we established an LPS-induced ovarian dysfunction mouse model. The mouse ovarian granulosa cells were transfected with miR-146 mimic or negative controls or inhibitor and then treated with LPS. Therefore, cell viability, cells apoptosis, IL-6 and TNF-a, TLR4, NF- κB were assessed, respectively. These results demonstrated that the up-regulation of miRNA-146 expression may protect against LPS-induced ovarian dysfunction and markedly increased the cell viability, and significantly reduced the ovarian granulosa cells apoptotic rate, and down-regulated IL-6 and TNF-a expression. In addition, miRNA-146 exerted protective ovarian functions might be via inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. In summary, we reveal the up-regulation of miRNA-146 expression mitigated ovarian dysfunction by negatively regulating expression of the IL-6 and TNF-a, which may shed light on the potential molecular mechanisms of overexpression of miRNA-146 may reversed the ovarian dysfunction by inhibiting the TLR4/ NF-κB signaling pathway.

• A patterned paper-based energy storage device is fabricated by low-cost screen printing. • The device shows excellent energy storage, photothermal and electromagnetic shielding properties. • The whole paper device with good self-healing performance presents an ultra-high energy density. • White garbage can also be used to prepare high value-added energy storage material. Supercapacitors are favored by researchers because of their high power density, especially with the acceleration of people's life rhythm. However, their energy density, especially from the point of view of the whole energy storage device, is far lower than that of commercial batteries. In this work, a kind of customizable full paper-based supercapacitor device with excellent self-healing ability is fabricated by simple and low-cost screen printing, electropolymerization and dip coating methods. The resultant separator-free supercapacitor device exhibits both ultrahigh gravimetric and areal specific energy (power) densities of 39 Wh kg−1 (69 kW kg−1) and 692 μWh cm−2 (236 mW cm−2), achieving excellent supercapacitor performance. Notably, the addition of vitrimers endows the whole device with outstanding self-healing properties, which is helpful for enhancing the adaptability of the device to the environment. In addition, this kind of paper-based device also displays good photothermal and electromagnetic shielding performances. These striking features make paper matrix composites attractive in the fields of supercapacitors, medical photothermal treatment and electromagnetic shielding. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new kind of biobased material named lignin-containing polyhydroxyurethane (LPHU) is prepared from bis(6-membered cyclic carbonate) (BCC), dimer fatty diamine, and lignin for the first time. The preparation strategy is isocyanate-free, solvent-free, and catalyst-free, representing a green and environmentally friendly method to access polyurethane (PU)/lignin composites. The resultant LPHUs possess dual networks: a dynamic covalent network and a hydrogen bonding network, exhibiting superior mechanical strength, high thermal stability, excellent reprocessability/recyclability, and smart properties such as shape memory and self-healing. Potential application investigations indicate that the resultant LPHUs can be not only used for smart packaging label fabrication for heat-sensitive commodities but also further combined with natural cellulose paper to prepare paper-based electromagnetic shielding materials with high mechanical performance.

Recently, rapid development of intelligent wearable electronic equipment has triggered great needs for flexible and lightweight portable energy storage systems. Here, we demonstrate a low-cost ($ 0.5 m-2) and low density carbonized facial tissue paper (FCP) for high-conductive NiCo2S4nanotubes assisted novel ultra-flexible solid-state supercapacitors (SSCs). The hydrothermal synthesized FCP-900@NiCo2S4electrodes in this paper only have a density of 5 mg cm−2and show large specific capacitance of 3115 mF cm−2at 2 mA cm−2. Based on the high performance of FCP-900@NiCo2S4electrodes, the as assembled SSCs can deliver an energy density of 1.2 mWh cm−3, high power density of 58.16 mW cm−3. It also shows great bending-state capacitive performance with high capacitance retention after 5000 cycles, providing a new opportunity for developing high-performance flexible wearable energy storage devices.

A flexible 3D N-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-RGO)/carbon nanotube (CNT)MnO2hybrid film was constructed with outstanding supercapacitor, excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and good sensing performances. The resultant hybrid film possessed large specific capacitances of 418 F g−1and 209 mF cm−2in aqueous and solid electrolytes, and outstanding capacitance retentions of 95% and 94% were obtained for both electrolytes after experiencing 5000 cycles. A simple supercapacitor based on the resultant flexible hybrid film was further fabricated with a much smaller time constant τ0(0.38 s) than that of typical activated-carbon supercapacitors, suggesting a quick response frequency. Moreover, the assembled supercapacitor device showed high energy densities of 45.72 and 92.13 Wh kg−1and simultaneously sustained large power densities of 12,526 and 15873 W kg−1under a scan rate of 50 mV s−1in aqueous and solid electrolytes, respectively. Furthermore, the resultant flexible film showed excellent performance in the ORR and can also be used to assemble a strain sensor with an excellent sensing performance for bending strain.

Organic luminogens have extensive applications due to their unique photophysical properties. In recent years, nonconjugated organic luminogens, in contrast to traditional conjugated luminogens, have gained much attention because of their facile preparation, environmental friendliness, and biocompatibility. In this study, a new kind of nonconventional luminogen based on dynamic covalent cross-linked polyhydroxyurethane is reported for the first time. The new luminogen not only exhibits intrinsic strong fluorescent emission in the solid state but also possesses high mechanical properties along with good shape memory and self-healing properties. In addition, the new luminogens are synthesized from aliphatic polyfunctional cyclic carbonate and amines via a much more straightforward method, avoiding the use of toxic isocyanates. Investigations indicated that the intrinsic luminescence of the resultant luminogens was induced by the cross-linking of polymer chains and could be well tuned by controlling the degree of cross-linking. By taking advantage of the unique characteristics of the resultant polymer luminogens, we further developed a facile method, named “light-mediated ink-free screen printing”, for anticounterfeiting paper fabrication. Different from traditional ink-based printing technology, the new method used UV-light instead of expensive security ink to encode anticounterfeiting information on natural cellulose paper. The anticounterfeiting information is stable under various wet conditions, showing promising applications in the fast-growing counterfeiting of pharmaceuticals, packaging, and the food industry.

Vitrimer, the third category of polymer materials, combines the properties of traditional thermosets and thermoplastics and has gained much interest from industry since the first report in 2011. Currently, many researchers focus on the exploration of new chemistry for novel vitrimer synthesis but pay less attention to the fabrication of vitrimer composites based on known vitrimer systems. The latter can not only largely decrease the cost of vitrimers but also provide a facile way to increase the variety of vitrimer-based materials and extend the applications of vitrimers in different fields. In this study, we developed a new class of vitrimer composite using polycarbonate as a matrix and natural cellulose paper as the reinforcing framework for the first time. The resultant materials possess exceptional mechanical properties and great thermal/chemical stability, simultaneously exhibiting a series of smart properties, such as shape-memory, reshaping, self-healing, and reprocessing. Noteworthily, the two main components of the resultant materials, polycarbonate and natural cellulose, can be easily recycled under mild conditions; thus, these new vitrimer composites qualify as novel green and sustainable materials.

Graphical Abstract: Main non-biomass and biomass-based electromagnetic shielding composite materials

A three-dimensional ribboned thermally expanded graphite (3D RTEG)-based (MnO2 and PANI) bifunctional hybrid with layer-by-layer architecture has been obtained by one-step electrochemical intercalating electrodeposition of MnO2 or PANI into 3D RTEG for supercapacitor and strain sensor applications. The outcomes demonstrate that large specific capacitance of 500 ([?]4) and 700 F g[?]1 ([?]6 F cm[?]2) are obtained for 3D RTEG-MnO2 and RTEG-PANI, respectively. Moreover, both show high energy efficiencies of 65-70% and 75-78% for both, respectively. Furthermore, the assembled supercapacitor devices using the 3D RTEG-MnO2 and RTEG-PANI electrodes show high energy densities of 50.12 (451.08) and 61.23 Wh kg[?]1 (551.07uWh cm[?]2) while maintaining high power densities of 15.26 (137.34) and 20.15 kW kg[?]1 (181.35 mW cm[?]2), respectively. Additionally, the 3D RTEG-PANI can be also used to assemble strain sensor for measuring weight, and the sensor displays excellent sensing performance. These magnetic outcomes indicate that the 3D RTEG-based composite can be served as potential material candidates for high performance supercapacitor and sensor. On the whole, it is worth noting that the facile and cost-effective procedure for synthesis 3D RTEG-based hybrid, can encourage researchers to synthesize different kinds of controllable RTEG-based hybrid with higher electrochemical and sensor performance.

Recently, multifunctional materials have received widespread attention from researchers. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) is one of biomass materials with abundant hydroxyl groups, which shows great potential in manufacturing multifunctional composite material. In this paper, a kind of polyaniline@CNF/polyvinyl alcohol-H2SO4multifunctional composite material (PANI@CNF/PVA-H2SO4) was successfully designed by in-situchemical polymerization of conductive polyaniline (PANI) onto CNF aerogel with high aspect ratio, and then coated with PVA-H2SO4gel. The composite material has a specific capacitance of 502.2 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s as supercapacitor electrode. Furthermore, when the composite was assembled into a symmetrical supercapacitor, it can still provide an energy density of 11.49 W·h/kg at a high power density of 413.55 W/kg. Besides, the as-obtained PANI@CNF/PVA-H2SO4composite has an excellent electromagnetic shielding performance of 34.75 dB in X-band. In addition, due to the excellent flexibility of CNF and PVA, the PANI@CNF/PVA-H2SO4composites can be further applied to stress sensors to detect pressure and human motion signals.

The development and design of multifunctional, intelligent, miniaturized, and integrated materials and devices is a prominent trend in future society. As a renewable resource, biomass can be utilized continuously under reasonable protection and management. Consequently, the utilization of biomass has become a crucial field and a pillar of future economic and social development. The same biomass materials or different biomass materials could be endowed to different application characteristics through different physical and chemical methods based on biostructure-inspired and bio function/constituent inspired. Among them, the development and application of biomass materials in the fields of energy storage (such as supercapacitor), sensor and electrocatalysis have attracted extensive attention and favor of researchers in recent years, because it is closely related to the development trend of human intelligent life in the future. With these considerations, this review paper aims to summarize the recent research on various biomass-based materials applied in supercapacitor, sensor and electrocatalysis during the past three years, in terms of selection of different biomass based materials, material structure design, preparation methods, functional characteristics and related influence mechanism. Furthermore, in view of the existing problems and challenges in these different fields, the author also gives his own views and prospects. The ultimate goal is to provide some more comprehensive information and reference for the further development and exploration of multifunctional biomass and the prediction of its microstructure and properties.

Using lanthanum-doped graphene as nanofiller and poly(methyl methacrylate) as matrix, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and thermal stability of La-graphene/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites were studied. The temperature of maximum pyrolysis rate and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of specimens obviously increased under low nanofiller loadings, whose peak value of shielding effectiveness is ca. 29 dB over the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz.Using lanthanum-doped graphene as nanofiller and poly(methyl methacrylate) as matrix, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and thermal stability of La-graphene/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites were studied. The temperature of maximum pyrolysis rate and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of specimens obviously increased under low nanofiller loadings, whose peak value of shielding effectiveness is ca. 29 dB over the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz.

A three-dimensional ribboned thermally expanded graphite (3D RTEG)-based (MnO2and PANI) bifunctional hybrid with layer-by-layer architecture has been obtained by one-step electrochemical intercalating electrodeposition of MnO2or PANI into 3D RTEG for supercapacitor and strain sensor applications. The outcomes demonstrate that large specific capacitance of 500 (∼4) and 700 F g−1(∼6 F cm−2) are obtained for 3D RTEG-MnO2and RTEG-PANI, respectively. Moreover, both show high energy efficiencies of 65–70% and 75–78% for both, respectively. Furthermore, the assembled supercapacitor devices using the 3D RTEG-MnO2and RTEG-PANI electrodes show high energy densities of 50.12 (451.08) and 61.23 Wh kg−1(551.07μWh cm−2) while maintaining high power densities of 15.26 (137.34) and 20.15 kW kg−1(181.35 mW cm−2), respectively. Additionally, the 3D RTEG-PANI can be also used to assemble strain sensor for measuring weight, and the sensor displays excellent sensing performance. These magnetic outcomes indicate that the 3D RTEG-based composite can be served as potential material candidates for high performance supercapacitor and sensor. On the whole, it is worth noting that the facile and cost-effective procedure for synthesis 3D RTEG-based hybrid, can encourage researchers to synthesize different kinds of controllable RTEG-based hybrid with higher electrochemical and sensor performance.