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Ferroptosis has been demonstrated a promising way to counteract chemoresistance of multiple myeloma (MM), however, roles and mechanism of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in regulating ferroptosis of MM cells remain elusive. Here, we uncovered that MM cells were more susceptible to ferroptotic induction under the interaction of BMSCs using in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, BMSCs elevated the iron level in MM cells, thereby activating the steroid biosynthesis pathway, especially the production of lanosterol, a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MM cells. We discovered that direct coupling of CD40 ligand and CD40 receptor constituted the key signaling pathway governing lanosterol biosynthesis, and disruption of CD40/CD40L interaction using an anti-CD40 neutralizing antibody or conditional depletion of Cd40l in BMSCs successfully eliminated the iron level and lanosterol production of MM cells localized in the Vk*MYC Vk12653 or NSG mouse models. Our study deciphers the mechanism of BMSCs dictating ferroptosis of MM cells and highlights the therapeutic potential of non-apoptosis strategies for managing refractory or relapsed MM patients.

Emerging two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal oxides provide significant opportunities for the development of memristors with high density and low power consumption. 2D α-MoO3is one of the most promising candidates used in memristors as a functional layer. However, previous studies have not sufficiently investigated the conducting mechanism of memristors based on α-MoO3. In this work, we fabricated a cross-point structured memristor based on α-MoO3with different electrodes, optimized its performance, and investigated its conducting mechanism in detail. By the introduction of a hybrid electrode structure with an Ag/Ti stack, multi-level non-volatile storage properties were realized. Based on the results of current-voltage curve fitting and temperature characterization combined with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy microscopic characterization, a dual-conductivity mechanism was proposed. During the resistive switching process, the migration of both cations and anions contributed to conductivity modulation, and two types of conducting filaments composed of Ag and oxygen vacancies were simultaneously formed. The device exhibited good electrical characteristics, including >103endurance, high Off-state resistance to ON-state resistance ratio (104), multi-level memristive modes, and fast response (10 µs). The present work validates the application potential of 2D α-MoO3nanosheets in high-density storage.

Objective: To investigate the application of machine learning (ML) model-based thyroid ultrasound radiomics in the evaluation of malignancy in partially cystic thyroid nodules (PCTNs). Methods: One hundred and ninety-two patients with 197 nodules PCTNs from January 2020 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted based on hand-crafted features from the ultrasound images, and machine learning methods were used to build a classification model by radiomics features. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was applied to select the features of nonzero coefficients from radiomics features. The prediction performance of the established model was mainly evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) and accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Results: Nineteen radiomics features were extracted from the original images for each nodule. Eight ML classifiers were able to differentiate malignancy in PCTNs. The AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) model were 0.909, 82.95%, 83.33%, and 89.90%, respectively, on the test cohort. The comparative result showed statistically equivalent performance for thyroid nodule diagnosis based on image fusion and single image. In addition, the ML-Based ultrasound radiomics system showed a better AUC as compared with ACR TI-RADS model and the ultrasound features model. Conclusion: The novel ultrasonic-based ML model has an important clinical value for predicting malignancy in PCTNs. It can provide clinicians with a preoperative non-invasive primary screening method for PCTN diagnosis to avoid unnecessary medical investment and improve treatment outcomes.

ABSTRACTColorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a prevalent malignant tumor. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) (CAFs-EVs) are implicated in COAD treatment. This study explored the mechanism of CAFs-EVs in COAD. CAFs and normal fibroblast (NFs) were isolated from COAD tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Vimentin, α-SMA, and FAP expressions were detected. EVs were isolated from CAFs and identified. SW480 and HCT116 cells were co-incubated with EVs. The EV uptake and COAD cell malignant behaviors were assessed. EV-treated SW480 and HCT116 cells were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Extensive analyses were conducted to examine HUVEC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, and miR-135b-5p expression in COAD cells, and SW480 and HCT116 cells. CAFs were transfected with the miR-135b-5p inhibitor. miR-135b-5p downstream targets were predicted. FOXO1 expression in the co-culture system was determined and then overexpressed to evaluate its role in HUVECs mediated by COAD cells. COAD mouse model was established by transplanting SW480 cells into nude mice and injecting with EVs. Tumor growth rate, volume, and weight were examined. Ki67, VEGF, CD34, FOXO1 expressions, and VEGF content were detected. CAFs-EVs promoted COAD cell malignant behaviors and COAD cells-mediated HUVEC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. CAFs-EVs delivered miR-135b-5p into COAD cells. miR-135b-5p targeted FOXO1. Inhibition of miR-135b-5p in EVs or overexpression of FOXO1 partially reversed the effect of EVs on promoting COAD-induced angiogenesis. CAFs-EVs promoted tumor proliferation and angiogenesis of COAD in vivo. CAFs-EVs delivered miR-135b-5p into COAD cells to downregulate FOXO1 and promote HUVECs proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis.

The bone marrow microenvironment in multiple myeloma (MM) is hypoxic and provides multi-advantages for the initiation of chemoresistance, but the underlying mechanisms and key regulators are still indistinct. In the current study, we found that hypoxia stimulus easily induced chemoresistance to proteasome inhibitors (PIs), and the steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3) expression was remarkably augmented at posttranslational level. Protein interactome analysis identified SENP1 as a key modifier of SRC-3 stability, as SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation attenuated the K11-linked polyubiquitination of SRC-3. SENP1 depletion in the SENP1fl/flCD19Cre/+B cells showed impaired SRC3 stability, and knockdown of SENP1in MM cells by CRISPR/cas9 sgRNA accelerated the degradation of SRC-3 and remarkably overcame the resistance to PIs. In the Vk*Myc and 5TGM1 mouse models as well as patient-derived xenograft (PDX) of myeloma, SENP1 inhibitor Momordin Ιc (Mc) increased the sensitivity to PIs in MM cells. Importantly, SENP1 level was positively correlated with SRC-3 level in the tissues from refractory/relapsed MM, as well as in xenograft tissues from mice treated with bortezomib and Mc. Taken together, our findings suggest that hypoxia-induced SENP1 is a crucial regulator of chemoresistance to PIs, and shed light on developing therapeutic strategies to overcome chemoresistance by using small molecules targeting SENP1 or SRC-3.

As an attractive cathode candidate for sodium-ion batteries, P2-type Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2is famous for its high stability in humid air, attractive capacity, and high operating voltage. However, the low Na+transport kinetics, oxygen-redox reactions, and irreversible structural evolution at high-voltage areas hinder its practical application. Herein, a comprehensive study of a microbar P2-type Ni2/3Ni1/4Mg1/12Mn2/3O2material with {010} facets is presented, which exhibits high reversibility of structural evolution and anionic redox activity, leading to outstanding rate capability and cyclability. The notable rate performance (53 mA h g–1at 20 C, 2.0–4.3 V) contributed to the high exposure of {010} facets via controlling the growth orientation of the precursor, which is certified by density functional theory calculation and lattice structural analysis. Mg substitution strengthens the reversibility of anionic oxygen redox and structural evolution in high-voltage areas that was confirmed by the in situ X-ray diffraction and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy tests, leading to outstanding cyclic reversibility (68.9% after 1000 cycles at 5 C) and slowing down the voltage fading. This work provides new insights into constructing electrochemically active planes combined with heteroatom substitution to improve the Na+transport kinetics and structural stability of layered oxide cathodes for sodium storage.

Vanadium oxide (V2O3) has been considered as a promising anode material for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), but challenging as well for the low electron/ion conductivity and poor structural stability. To tackle these issues, herein, a novel sheetlike hybrid nanoarchitecture constructed by uniformly encapsulating V2O3nanoparticles in amorphous carbon nanosheets (V2O3@C) with the generation of C–O–V bonding is presented. Such a subtle architecture effectively facilitates the infiltration of electrolyte, relieves the mechanical strain, and reduces the potassium-ion diffusion distance during the repetitive charging/discharging processes. The generated C–O–V bonding not only accelerated charge transfer across the carbon–V2O3interface but also strengthened the structural stability. Benefiting from the synergistic effects, the as-prepared V2O3@C nanosheets display fast and durable potassium storage behaviors with a reversible capacity of 116.6 mAh g–1delivered at 5 A g–1, and a specific capacity of 147.9 mAh g–1retained after 1800 cycles at a high current density of 2 A g–1. Moreover, the insertion/extraction mechanism of V2O3@C nanosheets in potassium-ion storage is systematically demonstrated by electrochemical analysis and ex situ technologies. This study will shed light on the fabricating of other metal oxides anodes for high-performance PIBs and beyond.

We consider a joint inventory-pricing control problem in a single-product, periodic-review, dual-supplier inventory system. The two suppliers have different lead times. One expedited supplier offers instantaneous replenishment, and one regular supplier requires an L-period lead time for delivery. The supply quantity is stochastic and the demand is price-dependent. For the expedited inventory replenishment, we characterize the optimal policy as a state-dependent almost-threshold policy by extending the stochastically linear in mid-point to a multidimensional setting. To investigate the optimal regular inventory replenishment and pricing policy, we propose the notions of partially stochastic translation (PST) and increasing partially stochastic translation (IPST), which help in obtaining the antimultimodularity preservation in dynamic programming problems. We provide properties, sufficient conditions, and examples for PST and IPST functions. By applying PST and IPST, we obtain the antimultimodularity of the profit functions. The antimultimodular profit functions ensure that the optimal regular ordering quantity and the optimal price are monotone in the current inventory level and outstanding order quantities. Moreover, we reveal that as the time interval increases, the effects of previous outstanding orders on the optimal regular ordering and pricing decisions are decreasing and increasing, respectively. PST and IPST also enable us to further characterize the optimal expedited ordering quantity as decreasing in the inventory level. However, the optimal expedited ordering quantity can be non-monotone with respect to the outstanding order quantities, as shown in the example.

ABSTRACTColorectal cancer (CRC) threatens the health of patients with high mortality, which lacks sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis to improve total survival. The lncRNA NBR2 is reported to be downregulated in CRC and suppresses the proliferation of CRC cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the regulatory function of the lncRNA NBR2 on tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization and its consequent anti-tumor effect. Two CRC cell lines were used in this study. We found that the lncRNA NBR2, TNF-α, and HLA-DR were downregulated, and Arg-1, CD163, CD206, and IL-4 were upregulated in CRC tumors. M1 polarization was activated and M2 polarization was suppressed in NBR2-overexpressed macrophages, accompanied by increased production of inflammatory factors, decreased proliferation, and inhibited migration ability in the co-culture system of HCT-116 cells (SW480 cells) and NBR2-overexpressed macrophages. The promoted proliferation and migration were observed in the co-culture system of HCT-116 cells (SW480 cells) and NBR2-knockdown macrophages. The tumor growth of both HCT-116 cells and SW480 cells in the xenograft model was suppressed by co-planting NBR2-overexpressed macrophages and was facilitated by the co-planting of NBR2-knockdown macrophages. The release of inflammatory factors was induced, M1 polarization was facilitated, and M2 polarization was suppressed in tumor tissues in the NBR2-overexpressed group, which were all reversed in the NBR2-knockdown group. Therefore, the lncRNA NBR2 suppressed the progression of colorectal cancer in vitroand in vivoby regulating TAM polarization.

ABSTRACTEfficacy of soy isoflavones to promote semen quality by improving antioxidant parameters in Xinong Saanen goats was explored.Soy isoflavones (SI), regulator of steroid hormone synthesis and antioxidant in organism, was supplemented in a total mixed ration of male Xinong Saanen dairy goats to study their effects on intake, body weight, level of testosterone and oestradiol, antioxidant performance, and semen quality. Supplementation with SI increased (P < 0.05) dry matter intake expressed as kg/day or % of body weight, with body weight remaining unchanged. In animals receiving SI supplementation, we observed increases (P < 0.05) in serum superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity and decreases in oestradiol and malondialdehyde concentrations in comparison to the Control, while testosterone and glutathione peroxidase remained unchanged. An increase (p < 0.05) in plasma membrane integrity of sperm were observed in bucks received SI supplementation with no other effects on semen quality such as seminal pH, ejaculate volume, viability, motility, and acrosome integrity. The results indicated that SI supplementation improved semen characteristics via enhancing antioxidant parameters.HighlightsSupplementation of soy isoflavones increased feed intake in Xinong Saanen bucks.Soy isoflavones decreased serum oestradiol but not testosterone concentrations.Soy isoflavones could be used as a safe, effective, and natural antioxidant in dairy goats. It alleviated oxidative stress, without negative influence on sperm quality of Xinong Saanen bucks.

Hard carbon material is one of the most promising anode materials for potassium ion batteries (PIBs) due to its distinct disordered and non-expandable framework. However, the intrinsically disordered microarchitecture of hard carbon results in low electric conductivity and poor rate capability. Herein, nitrogen-doped and partially graphitized hard carbons (NGHCs) derived from commercial coordination compound precursor-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) disodium cobalt salt hydrate are designed and prepared as high-performance PIBs anode materials. By means of a facile annealing method, nitrogen elements and graphitic domains can be controllably introduced to NGHCs. The resulting NGHCs show structural merits of mesoporous construction, nitrogen doping and homogeneous graphitic domains, which ensures fast kinetics and electron transportation. Applying in anode for PIBs, NGHCs exhibit robust rate capability with high reversible capacity of 298.8 mAh g−1at 50 mA g−1, and stable cycle stability of 137.6 mAh g−1at 500 mA g−1after 1000 cycles. Moreover, the ex situ Raman spectra reveal a mixture “adsorption–intercalation mechanism” for potassium storage of NGHCs. More importantly, full PIBs by pairing with perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) cathode demonstrate the promising potential of practical application. In terms of commercial precursor, facile synthesis and long cycle lifespan, NGHCs represent a brilliant prospect for practical large-scale applications.

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are emerging as promising next-generation electrochemical storage systems for their abundant and low-cost potassium resource. The key point of applying PIBs is to exploit stable K-host materials to accommodate the large-sized potassium ion. In this work, a yolk–shell structured MoS2@hollow porous carbon-sphere composite (MoS2@HPCS) assembled by engineering HPCS-confined MoS2with expanded (002) planes is proposed for boosting potassium-ion storage. When used as a PIB anode, the as-synthesized MoS2@HPCS composite shows superior potassium storage performance. It delivers a reversible capacity of 254.9 mAh g–1at 0.5 A g–1after 100 discharge/charge cycles and maintains 126.2 mAh g–1at 1 A g–1over 500 cycles. The superior potassium-ion storage performance is ascribed to the elaborate yolk–shell nanoarchitecture and the expanded interlayer of the MoS2nanosheet, which could shorten the transport distance, enhance the electronic conductivity, relieve the volume variation, prevent the self-aggregation of MoS2, facilitate the electrolyte penetration, and boost the intercalation/deintercalation of K+. Moreover, the potential application of the MoS2@HPCS composite is also evaluated by assembled K-ion full cells with a perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride cathode. Accordingly, the as-developed synthetic strategy can be extended to manufacture other host materials for PIBs and beyond.

Silica encapsulation effectively elevates the resistance of quantum dots (QDs) against water and oxygen. However, QDs-SiO2composites present low thermal conductivity and strong thermal accumulation, leading to considerable fluorescence quenching of QDs in optoelectronic devices at high power. Here, a sandwich structural QDs-SiO2-BN nanoplate assembly material (QDs-SiO2-BNAs) is developed to reduce the thermal quenching and enhance the stability of QDs in LEDs. The QDs-SiO2-BNAs is fabricated by embedding QDs-SiO2into the interlayer of layer-by-layer assembled BN nanoplates, and the BN nanoplates are pretreated by SiO2encapsulation to strengthen the interaction with QDs-SiO2. This assembly structure endows the QDs with fast heat dissipation and double surface protection against air. The medium power QDs-converted LEDs (QD-LEDs) fabricated by direct on-chip packaging of the QDs-SiO2-BNAs gain 44.2 °C temperature reduction at 0.5 W in comparison with conventional QD-LEDs. After aging, the resulting QD-LEDs present degradation of only 1.2% under sustained driving for 250 h. The QD-LEDs also pass the 1 week reliability test at 85 °C/85% RH with <±0.01 shift of the color coordinates, demonstrating the profound potential of the QDs-SiO2-BNAs in LED lighting and display applications.

Introduction: To prevent and control hemorrhage is the key to successfully perform laparoscopic hemihepatectomy (LHH). Pringle’s maneuver (PM) is the standard hepatic inflow occlusion technique. Our study was to describe a novel simple way to perform totally intra-corporeal laparoscopic PM and to explore the feasibility of combining PM and selective hemihepatic vascular occlusion technique in LHH. Methods: We extracted and analyzed the data of patients who consecutively underwent LHH to validate this new surgery technique. Between January, 2016 and December, 2017, 34 patients were included. Data of pre-operation, operation and post-operation were collected, including some demographic data, operative time, operative blood loss, transfusion rate, hepatic hilum occlusion rate and time, pathologic results, short-term complication, and postoperative hospitalization days. Results: Only one patient (3.0%) in our series required conversion to laparotomy as a result of the severe adhesion. The average operative time was 216.9 ± 60.3 min. The mean hepatic inflow occlusion time was 25.3 ± 14.5 min. The average estimated blood loss was 192.9 ± 152.2 ml. All patients received R0 resection. Conclusion: The novel hepatic inflow occlusion device is a safe reliable and convenient technique for LHH that is associated with favorable perioperative outcomes and low risk of conversion.

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) accounts for 4% to 15% of newly diagnosed pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and different from Down's syndrome AMKL (DS-AMKL) and non-AMKL, clinical outcomes of non-DS-AMKL are characterized by an inferior prognosis. Although comprehensive genomic studies have revealed key genomic aberrations of non-DS-AMKL in Western cohort, there is still no reports about Chinese patients. Here we report a comprehensive transcriptomic study on 100 Chinese pediatric non-DS-AMKL cases through 2009 to 2022 in Shanghai Children's Medical Center.

IntroductionMinimal residual disease (MRD) is a normalized tool for risk stratification in the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and has been introduced into many standardized chemotherapy regimens. Flow cytometry (FC) plays an important role in the monitoring of MRD. However, FC-MRD can't reliably detect residual leukemic cells below level of 0.01% in real clinical scenarios and some patients with negative MRD relapsed, suggesting the current used set of markers are not sensitive enough or specific enough. Published studies has shown that more markers with more reliable combination of antibodies may help improve the sensitivity and specificity of FC-MRD. Spectral multicolor flow cytometry (SMFC) has shown an advantage over traditional FC that more fluorescent markers could be applied simultaneously and more complex marker combinations could be exploited to distinguish leukemic blasts from normal B cell precursors with high specificity. Here we designed a SMFC-based panel of 26 markers with 23 fluorescent colors in one tube to monitor B-ALL MRD.

Adoptive immunotherapy expressing synthetic chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) on T cells through in vitromodifications represents a new and innovative strategy in cancer treatment. This new approach enables T cells to recognize and bind tumor antigens viaa single-chain variable fragment recognition domain, circumventing the restriction of major histocompatibility complex. This review summarized the structure/design of CAR-T cells and the evolution process this technology went through, displaying the theoretical foundation for CAR-T therapy, the marketed products and the latest preclinical and clinical research progress. Finally, we provided perspectives on this technology's development and potential future applications, especially for treating hematological malignant and solid tumors.

To better understand the changes in the atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) in the context of global warming, the anomaly contribution analysis is presented to estimate mid‐long term contributions of meteorological factors to the AED. The Pearson correlation coefficient (RP) between the total contribution (ψ) of meteorological factors and the relative variation (ϕ) of the AED, and the Sen's trend slope (βS) of (ϕ, ψ) scatters are used to evaluate the applicability of the method. The smaller the values of |1 − RP| and |1 − βS|, the more applicable the method is. To validate the method, the reference crop evapotranspiration is employed as a proxy for the AED. The multi‐year contribution analysis is used as a comparison approach, which can only investigate the dominant meteorological factors of the AED in long term. Moreover, the Huaihe River basin of China is taken as a case study. Results show that (a) the values of |1 − RP| and |1 − βS| in mid‐long term are less than 0.1 in most cases when applying the anomaly contribution analysis, and the mid‐long term contribution processes of meteorological factors to the AED are clearly demonstrated; and (b) the wind speed and sunshine hours are the two most dominant factors (the total absolute contribution exceeds 60%) in long term, but they are not always the dominant factors in mid‐long term (e.g., wind speed in summer, and sunshine hours in winter). Therefore, the anomaly contribution analysis is a reasonable and effective method, which can help to gain insights into the changes in the AED. Anomaly contribution analysis can identify the dominant meteorological factorsAnomaly contribution analysis is better than multi‐year contribution analysisDominant meteorological factors may not be consistent across time scales Anomaly contribution analysis can identify the dominant meteorological factors Anomaly contribution analysis is better than multi‐year contribution analysis Dominant meteorological factors may not be consistent across time scales

Background This study aimed to develop a novel predictive nomogram to identify specific stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) populations who could benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT).Method Stage IB NSCLC patients were included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and divided into the ACT and non-ACT groups. Then the methods of Kaplan-Meier analysis, propensity score matching (PSM), Least absolute shrink and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were implemented. Finally, the predictive nomogram was constructed and validated.Results 9055 stage IB NSCLC patients were enrolled from the SEER database while 47 patients from Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University were identified as the external validation cohort. Of these patients, 1334 cases underwent ACT while the other 7721 patients didn’t receive ACT. After PSM, the patients in the ACT group presented longer median overall survival (100 vs 82 months, P< .001). Among the ACT group, 482 (49.6%) patients achieving more prolonged overall survival than 82 months were regarded as the beneficiary population. Then the LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were implemented. Finally, 8 predictors were selected for model construction, including age, gender, marital status, laterality, pathology, tumor size, regional nodes examined, and tumor size. The predictive nomogram demonstrated good discrimination in the training cohort (AUC = .781), internal validation cohort (AUC = .772), and external validation cohort (AUC = .851). And calibration curves indicated ideal consistency between the predicted and observed probabilities. Decision curve analysis presented a clinically useful model.Conclusion The practical nomogram could guide treatment decision-making and select optimal ACT candidates among stage IB NSCLC patients.

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment and have raised global concern. However, little is known about the microbial response to biochar remediation of PFAS contaminated soil. An indoor experiment was conducted to investigate how microbial community changed when exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) pollution (1 mg/kg) and 3% (w/w) biochar amendment. Results showed that PFOA contamination decreased bacteria diversity and altered microbial composition. Phylum Actinobacteriaand genera Gaiella, Blastococcus, Solirubrobacter, and Knoelliawere the biomarkers in the PFOA treatments. PFOA pollution decreased the interaction between bacterial genera compared with the control group. PICRUST predictions showed that the C cycling functional genes of coxSMLand malZ, N cycling genes of ureC, nirB, nasABand nxrAB, P cycling genes of pstABCand ugpQ, genes dehHand dhaAencoding dehalogenase were enhanced, phoRand phnPwere reduced by PFOA contamination. Biochar remediation restored the bacterial community structure and function to the control level, however, the interaction between bacterial genera was significantly decreased compared with uncontaminated level, illustrated as the reduced number of edges (from 538 to 245), network average degree (from 22 to 10), network density (from 0.477 to 0.217), the clustering coefficients (from 0.727 to 0.534) and the increased average path length (from 1.752 to 2.322). Our study found for the first time the decreased microbial interaction induced by biochar remediation of PFOA contaminated soil and provided a deeper insight into the response of microbial interaction to biochar amendment of recalcitrant compounds-PFAS contaminated soil.

Insulating thermally conductive polymer composites are in great demand in integrated-circuit packages, for efficient heat dissipation and to alleviative short-circuit risk. Herein, the continuous oriented hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) frameworks (o-BN@SiC) were prepared viaself-assembly and in situchemical vapor infiltration (CVI) interface welding. The insulating o-BN@SiC/epoxy (o-BN@SiC/EP) composites exhibited enhanced thermal conductivity benefited from the CVI-SiC-welded BN–BN interface. Further, multiscale simulation, combining first-principles calculation, Monte Carlo simulation, and finite-element simulation, was performed to quantitatively reveal the effect of the welded BN–BN interface on the heat transfer of o-BN@SiC/EP composites. Phonon transmission in solders and phonon–phonon coupling of filler–solder interfaces enhanced the interfacial heat transfer between adjacent h-BN microplatelets, and the interfacial thermal resistance of the dominant BN–BN interface was decreased to only 3.83 nK·m2/W from 400 nK·m2/W, plunging by over 99%. This highly weakened interfacial thermal resistance greatly improved the heat transfer along thermal pathways and resulted in a 26% thermal conductivity enhancement of o-BN@SiC/EP composites, compared with physically contacted oriented h-BN/EP composites, at 15 vol % h-BN. This systematic multiscale simulation broke through the barrier of revealing the heat transfer mechanism of polymer composites from the nanoscale to the macroscale, which provided rational cognition about the effect of the interfacial thermal resistance between fillers on the thermal conductivity of polymer composites.

Negative capacitance field effect transistors made of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2(HZO) are one of the most promising candidates for low-power-density devices because of the extremely steep subthreshold swing and high open-state currents resulting from the addition of ferroelectric materials in the gate dielectric layer. In this paper, HZO thin films were prepared by magnetron sputtering combined with rapid thermal annealing. Their ferroelectric properties were adjusted by changing the annealing temperature and the thickness of HZO. Two-dimensional MoS2back-gate negative capacitance field-effect transistors (NCFETs) based on HZO were prepared as well. Different annealing temperatures, thicknesses of HZO thin films, and Al2O3thicknesses were studied to achieve optimal capacitance matching, aiming to reduce both the subthreshold swing of the transistor and the hysteresis of the NCFET. The NCFET exhibits a minimum subthreshold swing as low as 27.9 mV/decade, negligible hysteresis (∼20 mV), and the ION/IOFFof up to 1.58 × 107. Moreover, a negative drain-induced barrier lowering effect and a negative differential resistance effect have been observed. This steep-slope transistor is compatible with standard CMOS manufacturing processes and attractive for 2D logic and sensor applications as well as future energy-efficient nanoelectronic devices with scaled power supplies.

The sodium (Na) metal anode is a desirable anode for the next-generation batteries because of its abundant resources and the high specific capacity. However, the poor cyclic stability hinders its practical application. In this study, we report a facile strategy of in situ constructing sodiophilic alloying sites for Na metal anodes by using zinc (Zn) foil as the current collector, which enables smooth and compact deposition morphology and excellent cyclic stability. The Zn current collector and the initial deposited Na generate a NaZn13alloy interface, which can guide the subsequent plating/stripping behavior of Na. As a result, the Na metal anode with Zn current collector exhibits ultrahigh stability with Coulombic efficiency of 99.87% (over 450 cycles at 1 mA cm−2for 1 mAh cm−2). Furthermore, the impressive capacity retention (98.5% after 40 cycles at 0.5 C) in Zn∣∣NVP (Na3V2(PO4)3) batteries suggests the anticipated application prospect of Zn current collector in anode-free Na metal batteries, which opens up a new way for the evolution of the next generation of safe and efficient Na metal anodes.

In operando observation of solid sulfur morphologic evolution in Li-S battery provides a basis for understanding the transformation and reaction mechanism of solid sulfur morphologic evolution.

Li5FeO4, as a high-capacity built-in pre-lithiation reagent, has attracted wide interest due to its attractive characteristics, such as extremely higher capacity and energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the preparation technology of high-stability Li5FeO4remains a great challenge. Here, we report a highly air-stable Li5FeO4cathode pre-lithiation reagent by the solid-phase method. The Li5FeO4is coated with Li6CoO4(Li6CoO4@Li5FeO4,referred to as LCO@LFO), which can effectively improve the stability of Li5FeO4materials under ambient atmosphere and significantly enhance the electrochemical performance. The material possesses an initial charge capacity of 518.8mAh g?1when charged to 4.5 V and exhibits good air-filled capacity retention. Besides, the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811) full-cell with 5 wt% LCO@LFO additive has an initial discharging capacity of 205 mAh g?1in the charge and discharge interval of 2.0 V-4.5 V (vs Li+/Li), respectively, higher than the initial discharging capacity of 166.5 mAh g?1of pure NCM811. The reversible specific capacity of the NCM811 with LCO@LFO cathode in the full cell can be increased by 8.8%, which is equivalent to a 14.35% increase in energy density. Our research report opens a door for the commercial application of LCO@LFO, a high-stability cathode composite pre-lithiation reagent.

Significant progress has been achieved on perovskite nanocrystal (PNC)-converted light-emitting diodes (PcLEDs) with the development of surface encapsulations. However, achieving bright and long-living devices remains a challenge because the thermal isolation structure of the air barriers exacerbates heat accumulation inside PcLEDs. Here, we proposed a thermal conductive encapsulation for PNCs by embedding CsPbBr3PNCs in layer-by-layer assembled boron nitride (BN) nanoplatelets through SiO2crosslinking. This structure effectively suppresses the heat accumulation on PNCs and provides excellent air resistance, enabling the PNC–SiO2–BN composite to withstand 1000 h of photothermal annealing (under a 405 nm laser at 0.31 W cm–2, 80 °C in air) without showing obvious degradation. Green- and white-light PcLEDs were fabricated via on-chip encapsulation of PNC–SiO2–BN. The PcLEDs achieved the milestone in long-term stability (half-life time > 1000 h) at a high power density of ∼1.7 W cm–2and displayed extradentary stability at ∼0.15 W cm–2with constant light intensity within 1000 h of sustained illumination. The success in making thermal conductive composites will expedite the application of PNCs in LED backlights and other optoelectronic devices.

Objective: To identify the effect of curcumin on tumor suppression and the possible molecular pathways involved.Methods: The expression of long noncoding RNA neighbor of BRCA1 lncRNA 2 (NBR2) was quantified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on cultured colorectal cancer cells. Next, we used Western blot to measure the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signaling molecules. Both cell proliferation and viability were measured via MTT assay, and the cell ratio and S phase were detected by BrdU assay. Colorectal cancer cells were pretreated with curcumin or transfected with shNBR2 or adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor Compound C to examine the molecular pathway involved.Results: Current data showed that glucose deficiency increased the expression of NBR2 in colorectal cancer cells, and NBR2 knockdown affected the progression of colorectal cancer cells under glucose starvation conditions. When NBR2 was silenced in the treated colorectal cancer cells, the proliferation, the clone formation, and the percentage of S-phase cells suppressed by glucose deprivation were compromised. Furthermore, NBR2 knockdown could suppress glucose deprivation-induced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation plus mTOR inactivation. Similarly, when colorectal cancer cells were treated with curcumin, the expression of NBR2 was significantly increased. NBR2 knockdown reversed curcumin-suppressed proliferation, clone formation, and the percentage of S-phase colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, NBR2 knockdown abolished curcumin-induced activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inactivation of the mTOR signaling pathway.Conclusion: This study revealed a novel mechanism by which long noncoding RNA NBR2 mediates curcumin suppression of colorectal cancer proliferation by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inactivating the mTOR signaling pathway.

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

As a transcription factor AML1-ETO modulate gene expression of its targets. Scanning our ChIP-seq data we found AML1-ETO bind to an AML1 binding motif in the promotor region of ARHGEF12.Exploring acute myeloid leukemia (AML) microarray databases we confirmed that the expression of ARHGEF12was up-regulated consistently in AML1-ETO-positive AML patient samples. To confirmed this finding, we quantitated expression of ARHGEF12in pediatric AML samples from Shanghai children's medical center. Not out of expectation, all AML1-ETO-positive cases have higher ARHGEF12. Moreover,the ARHGEF12expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival comparing between patients with higher and lower expressed ARHGEF12(P=0.0258) (Figure A).

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Various degree of anemia post chemotherapy was frequently observed among patients even with the same treatment protocol and similar intensity. In this study, we performed whole exon sequencing in 31 individuals having multiple RBC transfusions (MRTs) and 31 patients with no RBC transfusion (NRT), all from the SCMC-ALL 2005 cohort. For children with different age and mass, the RBC transfusion amount was normalized by body surface area, and only post-remission transfusions were calculated to minimize the effect of the disease itself. Patients who received more than 8 RBC units/m2were defined as MRT. By a genome-wide association study (GWAS), 1708 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 281 genes passed the criterion of the primary sort: a call rate of >95% and P<0.01. Of interest, most of the SNPs were located in introns adjacent to exons, suggesting that these polymorphisms are relevant to chemotherapy-induced anemia by regulating gene expression. Thus, these genes should be highly expressed in erythroid. Sorted according to the Differentiation Map Portal (DMAP) database, 10 genes were at the top of the list TFDP2, CHPT1, LPIN2, TNS1, BSG, ANXA7, EPB42, RAP1GAP, ARHGEF12,and ABCC4which expressed in erythroid 2 fold above the average. Indeed, some of these genes have well-known associations with RBC function, such as with cytotoxicity susceptibility to chemotherapy agents and with erythropoiesis. Of note, 3 of them are related to small GTPases, including ARHGEF12, a RhoA specific guanine exchange factor.

The leukemogenic AML1-ETO fusion protein is produced by the t(8;21) translocation, which is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In leukemic cells, AML1-ETO resides in and functions through a stable protein complex, AETFC, that contains multiple transcription factors and cofactors. Among these AETFC components, E2A (also known as TCF3) and HEB (also known as TCF12), two members of the ubiquitously expressed E proteins, directly interact with AML1-ETO, confer new DNA (E-box) binding capacity to AETFC, and are functionally essential for leukemogenesis. However, we find that the third E protein, E2-2 (also known as TCF4), is specifically silenced in AML1-ETO-expressing leukemic cells, suggesting E2-2 as a negative factor of leukemogenesis. Indeed, ectopic expression of E2-2 selectively inhibits the growth of AML1-ETO-expressing leukemic cells, and this inhibition requires the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding domain of E2-2. Gene expression profiling and ChIP-seq analysis reveal that, despite some overlap, the three E proteins differentially regulate many target genes. In particular, consistent with the fact that E2-2 is a critical transcription factor in dendritic cell (DC) development, our studies show that E2-2 both redistributes AETFC to, and activates, some genes associated with DC differentiation, and that restoration of E2-2 triggers a partial differentiation of the AML1-ETO-expressing leukemic cells into the DC lineage. Meanwhile, E2-2, but not E2A or HEB, represses MYC target genes, which may also contribute to leukemic cell differentiation and apoptosis. In AML patients, the expression of E2-2 is relatively lower in the t(8;21) subtype, and an E2-2 target gene, THPO, is identified as a potential predictor of relapse. In a mouse model of human t(8;21) leukemia, E2-2 suppression accelerates the development of leukemia. Taken together, these results reveal that, in contrast to HEB and E2A, which facilitate AML1-ETO-mediated leukemogenesis, E2-2 compromises the function of AETFC and negatively regulates leukemogenesis. The three E proteins thus define a molecular heterogeneity of AETFC, which merits further study in different t(8;21) AML patients, as well as in its potential regulation of cellular heterogeneity of AML. These studies should improve our understanding of the precise mechanism of leukemogenesis and assist development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.