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To comprehend the stress state and response characteristics of materials under complex conditions, researchers have decomposed stress states into fundamental paths and investigated diverse path combinations. To ensure comparability, four identical samples were carefully selected from a pool of 100 samples using ultrasonic tests based on the wave speed and waveform characteristics. These samples underwent specially designed stress paths to analyze the combined effects of linear loading and perturbation. Our result analysis centred on the perturbation amplitude and stress levels during composite action, revealing intricate relationships between the stress levels, strain, and nonlinear/linear energy evolution under complex stress paths. Simultaneously, 3D surface fractures were precisely reconstructed using the YOLOv5 and FAST feature point detection algorithms, elucidating the evolving patterns of the fractures. As a result of our study, the rotation trend of the main fracture was validated by integrating mechanics and P-wave reflection rules. Notably, our experimental results closely aligned with the theoretical predictions, showing the reliability of our study. These findings can significantly contribute to guiding safety protocols in the field of underground engineering.