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Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are highly considered as next-generation energy storage techniques. Weakly solvating electrolyte with low lithium polysulfide (LiPS) solvating power promises Li anode protection and improved cycling stability. However, the cathodic LiPS kinetics is inevitably deteriorated, resulting in severe cathodic polarization and limited energy density. Herein, the LiPS kinetic degradation mechanism in weakly solvating electrolytes is disclosed to construct high-energy-density Li–S batteries. Activation polarization instead of concentration or ohmic polarization is identified as the dominant kinetic limitation, which originates from higher charge-transfer activation energy and a changed rate-determining step. To solve the kinetic issue, a titanium nitride (TiN) electrocatalyst is introduced and corresponding Li–S batteries exhibit reduced polarization, prolonged cycling lifespan, and high actual energy density of 381 Wh kg–1in 2.5 Ah-level pouch cells. This work clarifies the LiPS reaction mechanism in protective weakly solvating electrolytes and highlights the electrocatalytic regulation strategy toward high-energy-density and long-cycling Li–S batteries.

A post-modification strategy is proposed to precisely construct dual-atom catalysts for oxygen reduction electrocatalysis by introducing direct metal–metal interaction in the precursor.

Single-atom catalysts exhibit promising electrocatalytic activity, a trait that can be further enhanced through the introduction of heteroatom doping within the carbon skeleton. Nonetheless, the intricate relationship between the doping positions and activity remains incompletely elucidated. This contribution sheds light on an inductive effect of single-atom sites, showcasing that the activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) can be augmented by reducing the spatial gap between the doped heteroatom and the single-atom sites. Drawing inspiration from this inductive effect, we propose a synthesis strategy involving ligand modification aimed at precisely adjusting the distance between dopants and single-atom sites. This precise synthesis leads to optimized electrocatalytic activity for the ORR. The resultant electrocatalyst, characterized by Fe–N3P1single-atom sites, demonstrates remarkable ORR activity, thus exhibiting great potential in zinc–air batteries and fuel cells.

A wideband endfire substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna with a filtering function is investigated for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications. The antenna mainly consists of an open-ended SIW that works as a magnetic dipole, two pairs of electric dipoles, and two reflecting walls. Fed by a coaxial probe, the equivalent magnetic dipole and the electric dipoles can be excited simultaneously to provide a wide impedance passband; moreover, a radiation null can be naturally generated by the probe-fed SIW at the upper band edge, and the filtering effect is realized in the upper stopband. In order to suppress the lower-band radiation, a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) is further etched around the feed probe. Consequently, a wideband endfire ME-dipole antenna with a quasi-elliptical bandpass filtering response is obtained. For validation, a prototype is fabricated and measured, and it shows a −10-dB impedance bandwidth of 46.3%, an in-band peak gain of 6 dBi, and a good out-of-band suppression level of about 25 dB; furthermore, due to the reflecting walls, the average front-to-back ratio (FTBR) can reach as high as 18 dB.

During intravascular interventional surgery, the 3D surgical navigation system can provide doctors with 3D spatial information of the vascular lumen, reducing the impact of missing dimension caused by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) guidance and further improving the success rate of surgeries. Nevertheless, this task often comes with the challenge of complex registration problems due to vessel deformation caused by respiratory motion and high requirements for the surgical environment because of the dependence on external electromagnetic sensors. This article proposes a novel 3D spatial predictive positioning navigation (SPPN) technique to predict the real-time tip position of surgical instruments. In the first stage, we propose a trajectory prediction algorithm integrated with instrumental morphological constraints to generate the initial trajectory. Then, a novel hybrid physical model is designed to estimate the trajectory’s energy and mechanics. In the second stage, a point cloud clustering algorithm applies multi-information fusion to generate the maximum probability endpoint cloud. Then, an energy-weighted probability density function is introduced using statistical analysis to achieve the prediction of the 3D spatial location of instrument endpoints. Extensive experiments are conducted on 3D-printed human artery and vein models based on a high-precision electromagnetic tracking system. Experimental results demonstrate the outstanding performance of our method, reaching 98.2% of the achievement ratio and less than 3 mm of the average positioning accuracy. This work is the first 3D surgical navigation algorithm that entirely relies on vascular interventional robot sensors, effectively improving the accuracy of interventional surgery and making it more accessible for primary surgeons.

A wideband and high-gain millimeter-wave (mm-wave) filtering antenna is proposed for 5G applications. The antenna mainly consists of a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity with a rectangular slot, four identical rectangular patches with metallic vias, and a parasitic strip. Due to the perturbation of the slot, the SIW cavity is able to generate two resonant modes in the passband and simultaneously a radiation null at the lower bandedge. The via-loaded patch can generate an additional resonant mode to increase the operating bandwidth and further enhance the in-band gain of the antenna. In addition, the parasitic strip can offer the fourth resonance in the passband and, in the meantime, generate another radiation null at the upper bandedge due to its interaction with the rectangular patches. Consequently, a quasi-elliptic bandpass filtering response is achieved, along with enhanced impedance bandwidth and boresight gain. For demonstration, a prototype operating in the 5G mm-wave band is fabricated and measured. The prototype shows an impedance bandwidth of 18.4%, an average gain of 10.1 dBi, and an out-of-band suppression level of about 20 dB in the stopbands.

Early to mid-Paleozoic tectonothermal events in the Qilian Orogen developed during the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean and the convergence of microcontinents in the periphery of East Gondwana. In this paper, we present geochronological, geochemical and Sr–Nd-Hf isotopic data for the granitoid rocks and mafic dykes in southeastern Qilian Orogen. The Liwan (440 Ma), Shixia (434 Ma) and Huchuan (429 Ma) granitoid rocks have metaluminous to weakly peraluminous features, with whole-rock ε Nd(t) values of 1.1 to 1.6, −4.2 to −4.4 and −2.6 to 1.1, and zircon ε Hf(t) values of 0 to 8.9, −6.6 to 1.6 and −4.6 to 2.2, respectively. Geochemical data suggest that the Liwan, Shixia and Huchuan granitoids are derived from partial melting of the Proterozoic basement with addition of juvenile material, felsic crustal basement and mafic crustal material, respectively. The Zhangjiayuan mafic dykes (403 Ma) are high-K to shoshonitic with whole-rock ε Nd(t) (−1.1 to −0.9) and zircon ε Hf(t) values (−0.9 to 13.3), derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle. We suggest that these Silurian–Early Devonian intrusive rocks were formed via complex events involving arc-related subduction followed by slab-tearing to post-collisional processes during the Silurian and subsequent lithospheric extension in the Early Devonian. Supplementary material: Tables giving zircon U–Pb isotopic data, whole-rock major and trace element results, whole-rock Sr–Nd isotopic data and zircon in situ Lu–Hf isotopic data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6693575 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration from rhizosphere to rhizoplane is a key selecting process in root microbiome assembly, but not fully understood. Rhizobialesmembers are overrepresented in the core root microbiome of terrestrial plants, and here we report a genome-wide transposon-sequencing of rhizoplane fitness genes of beneficial Sinorhizobium frediion wild soybean, cultivated soybean, rice, and maize. There were few genes involved in broad-host-range rhizoplane colonization. The fadLmutant lacking a fatty acid transporter exhibited high colonization rates, while mutations in exoFQP(encoding membrane proteins directing exopolysaccharide polymerization and secretion), but not those in exogenes essential for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis, led to severely impaired colonization rates. This variation was not explainable by their rhizosphere and rhizoplane survivability, and associated biofilm and exopolysaccharide production, but consistent with their migration ability toward rhizoplane, and associated surface motility and the mixture of quorum-sensing AHLs (N-acylated-L-homoserine lactones). Genetics and physiology evidences suggested that FadL mediated long-chain AHL uptake while ExoF mediated the secretion of short-chain AHLs which negatively affected long-chain AHL biosynthesis. The fadLand exoFmutants had elevated and depleted extracellular long-chain AHLs, respectively. A synthetic mixture of long-chain AHLs mimicking that of the fadLmutant can improve rhizobial surface motility. When this AHL mixture was spotted into rhizosphere, the migration toward roots and rhizoplane colonization of S. frediiwere enhanced in a diffusible way. This work adds novel parts managing extracellular AHLs, which modulate bacterial migration toward rhizoplane. The FadL-ExoFQP system is conserved in Alphaproteobacteriaand may shape the “home life” of diverse keystone rhizobacteria.

The changes in proarrhythmic substrates and malignant ventricular arrhythmia mechanisms caused by premature ventricular contraction–induced cardiomyopathy (PVCCM) remain unclear.

A singly-fed dual-band aperture-sharing slot antenna with a large frequency ratio is investigated, based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The dual-band antenna consists of a rectangular slotted SIW cavity operating at 40 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) band and a ring slotted SIW cavity operating at 5.2 GHz microwave (MW) band. Due to the self-shielding effect of the SIW cavity, the two radiating elements can be tightly nested with each other, leading to a compact structure with a high ratio of radiating aperture utilization. The MW and MMW SIW radiating elements are fed via a common microstrip line through two separate slots, and they are excited in the hybrid TMh (120, 210) mode and TMh (230, 320) mode respectively. In order to avoid the signal crosstalk, a transverse stub of half-wavelength (in terms of MMW frequency) is added onto the microstrip feed line to prevent the MMW signal from getting into the MW element, while the MMW element can naturally reject the MW signal for its high-pass characteristics. Consequently, good radiation performance is obtained at both the MW and MMW bands, and moreover, the two bands can be independently adjusted.

A 700 Wh kg−1-level rechargeable lithium-sulfur pouch cell is constructed. The high energy density is record breaking and is expected to propel the application of lithium–sulfur batteries.

In this paper, based on the mechanism of entanglement transfer, we propose and analyze several schemes for generating entanglement between indirectly coupled modes in an opto-magnomechanical system coupled with an additional auxiliary cavity. We mainly focus on understanding how the entanglement originating from optomechanical or magnomechanical entanglement sources distributes to the indirectly coupled subsystems. By comparing the efficiency of entanglement transfer under weak and strong optomechanical or magnomechanical couplings, we find strong couplings lead to more abundant indirect entanglement. Compared with other cases, optomechanical entanglement source can result in the strongest indirect entanglement. Meanwhile, the robustness of the indirect entanglement against the environmental temperature and the preparation of genuine tripartite entanglement for the indirectly coupled modes are also taken into account. • The indirect entanglement can be generated by entanglement transfer from optomechanical or magnomechanical entanglement sources. • Strong nonlinear couplings lead to more abundant indirect entanglement. • Optomechanical entanglement source can result in the strongest indirect entanglement. • The nonlinear interactions enhance the robustness of indirect entanglement against the environmental temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have great potential as high-energy-density energy storage devices. Electrocatalysts are widely adopted to accelerate the cathodic sulfur redox kinetics. The interactions among the electrocatalysts, solvents, and lithium salts significantly determine the actual performance of working Li–S batteries. Herein, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), a commonly used lithium salt, is identified to aggravate surface gelation on the MoS2electrocatalyst. In detail, the trifluoromethanesulfonyl group in LiTFSI interacts with the Lewis acidic sites on the MoS2electrocatalyst to generate an electron-deficient center. The electron-deficient center with high Lewis acidity triggers cationic polymerization of the 1,3-dioxolane solvent and generates a surface gel layer that reduces the electrocatalytic activity. To address the above issue, Lewis basic salt lithium iodide (LiI) is introduced to block the interaction between LiTFSI and MoS2and inhibit the surface gelation. Consequently, the Li–S batteries with the MoS2electrocatalyst and the LiI additive realize an ultrahigh actual energy density of 416 W h kg–1at the pouch cell level. This work affords an effective lithium salt to boost the electrocatalytic activity in practical working Li–S batteries and deepens the fundamental understanding of the interactions among electrocatalysts, solvents, and salts in energy storage systems.

ABSTRACTSepsis is mainly characterized by severe inflammation triggered by infection, and sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is defined as brain damage caused by sepsis. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) triggered by injured brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and damaged tight junction (TJ) structure is closely associated with the pathogenesis of SAE. The present research proposed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of Mirtazapine, a central presynaptic α2 receptor antagonist, on LPS-induced BBB disruption. The mice were administered with normal saline and 10 mg/kg Mirtazapine for 8 consecutive days, and from day 6, the experiment group of mice received LPS for 2 days to induce SAE. We found that the increased BBB permeability, elevated concentrations of inflammatory factors in brain tissues, and downregulated zonula occludens −1 (ZO-1) were observed in LPS-stimulated mice, all of which were reversed by 10 mg/kg Mirtazapine. In the in vitroassay, bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells were treated with 1 μM LPS in the absence or presence of Mirtazapine (25, 50 μM). We found that LPS-treated cells had significantly declined transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), increased monolayer permeability, elevated production of inflammatory factors, and downregulated ZO-1. However, 25 and 50 μM Mirtazapine ameliorated all these LPS- induced aberrations. Mirtazapine also mitigated the decreased level of NF-E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) in LPS-challenged endothelial cells. The protective effect of Mirtazapine on endothelial permeability against LPS was significantly abolished by the knockdown of Nrf2. Collectively, we concluded that Mirtazapine exerted protective effects on LPS-induced endothelial cells hyperpermeability by upregulating Nrf2.

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries constitute promising next-generation energy storage devices due to the ultrahigh theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg–1. However, the multiphase sulfur redox reactions with sophisticated homogeneous and heterogeneous electrochemical processes are sluggish in kinetics, thus requiring targeted and high-efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, a semi-immobilized molecular electrocatalyst is designed to tailor the characters of the sulfur redox reactions in working Li–S batteries. Specifically, porphyrin active sites are covalently grafted onto conductive and flexible polypyrrole linkers on graphene current collectors. The electrocatalyst with the semi-immobilized active sites exhibits homogeneous and heterogeneous functions simultaneously, performing enhanced redox kinetics and a regulated phase transition mode. The efficiency of the semi-immobilizing strategy is further verified in practical Li–S batteries that realize superior rate performances and long lifespan as well as a 343 Wh kg–1high-energy-density Li–S pouch cell. This contribution not only proposes an efficient semi-immobilizing electrocatalyst design strategy to promote the Li–S battery performances but also inspires electrocatalyst development facing analogous multiphase electrochemical energy processes.

AbstractA multicenter study of sharps injuries (SIs) and other blood or body fluid (OBBF) exposures was conducted among 33,156 healthcare workers (HCWs) from 175 hospitals in Anhui, China. In total, 12,178 HCWs (36.7%) had experienced at least 1 SI in the previous 12 months and 8,116 HCWs (24.5%) had experienced at least 1 OBBF exposure during the previous 12 months.

Background Follow-up frequency is an important design parameter in longitudinal studies. We quantified the impact of reducing follow-up frequency on the precision of estimated regression parameters, and investigated the impact of incorrectly assuming an exchangeable correlation structure on estimates of the loss of precision resulting from reduced follow-up.Methods We estimated the loss in precision on deleting every second observation from three longitudinal cohorts: patients with Childhood Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (cSLE), the Canadian Haemophilia Prophylaxis Study (CHPS), and patients with Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM). We compared these results with those from a theoretical formula assuming an exchangeable correlation structure.Results The increase in sample size needed to compensate for halving follow-up frequency was 9%, 6% and 28% for the cSLE, CHPS and JDM cohorts respectively. Under the assumption of an exchangeable correlation, the estimated increases in sample size were 22%, 11% and 10% respectively.Conclusions Reducing follow-up frequency can result in minimal loss of information, as seen in the CHPS cohort. While using a theoretical formula based on an exchangeable correlation structure is convenient, it can be inaccurate when the true correlation structure is not exchangeable.

Background: HIV-1 Integrase (IN) is an important target for the development of the new anti-AIDS drugs. HIV-1 LEDGF/p75 inhibitors, which block the integrase and LEDGF/p75 interaction, have been validated for reduction in HIV-1 viral replicative capacity. Methods: In this work, computational Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models were developed for predicting the bioactivity of HIV-1 integrase LEDGF/p75 inhibitors. We collected 190 inhibitors and their bioactivities in this study and divided the inhibitors into nine scaffolds by the method of T-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (TSNE). These 190 inhibitors were split into a training set and a test set according to the result of a Kohonen’s self-organizing map (SOM) or randomly. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models, support vector machine (SVM) models and two consensus models were built based on the training sets by 20 selected CORINA Symphony descriptors. Results: All the models showed a good prediction of pIC50. The correlation coefficients of all the models were more than 0.7 on the test set. For the training set of consensus Model C1, which performed better than other models, the correlation coefficient(r) achieved 0.909 on the training set, and 0.804 on the test set. Conclusion: The selected molecular descriptors show that hydrogen bond acceptor, atom charges and electronegativities (especially π atom) were important in predicting the activity of HIV-1 integrase LEDGF/p75-IN inhibitors.

The active lone pair electron effect and highly flexible coordination geometry of Pb2+prevented the rational construction of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) but promoted excellent fluorescence tuning. The regulation on organic and alkali templates facilitated the assemblies of three new Pb-MOFs: [Pb2(pia)2(DMA)]·DMA (1), [Pb2(pia)2(DMF)]·1.5DMF (2), and [Pb2(pia)2(DMF)]·NEt3(3). They were rigid rod-spacer and double-walls frameworks, which possess defective dicubane [Pb4O6] based metal-carboxyl chains constructed from both semidirected and holodirected Pb2+ions. These MOFs exhibited thermal stability up to 370 °C and unprecedented chemical stability in H2O and acidic (pH 2) and alkaline (pH 12) aqueous solutions, found for the first time in Pb-MOFs. A single-phase and rare-earth-free white-emitting phosphor, 1, was screen out, which showed a near-sunlight and human-vision-friendly broadband spectrum covering the full visible region, possessing the close-to-pure-white chromaticity coordinates of (0.332, 0.347), a near-daylight color temperature of 5696 K, and a high color rendering index of 95. The replacement of DMF as apical ligand and guest in 2resulted in an intrinsic single and narrow emission at 562 nm with yellow color. The convenient yellow-and-blue color-tuning until white for 2was realized by either solution or solid blending with blue-emissive H2pia, benefited from their highly matched excitation spectra. Using large NEt3as template guest induced great framework distortion for 3and led to white emission with chromaticity coordinates of (0.302, 0.294), stemming from nonequivalent dual emission at 450 and 545 nm. In-depth structure analysis revealed intra-/interchain Pb···Pb interactions in the lead(II)-carboxyl chains greatly affected the photochemical output.

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To improve the dynamic load-sharing performance and achieve lightweight, the twin rotors concentric face gear power-split transmission system (TRFGPSTS) was optimized. The gear tooth matching conditions of the system based on the design characteristics of power flow closed-loop and virtual constraint configuration of the system are established, and the basic parameters of each gear meet the requirements of the system load-sharing layout and synchronous meshing of each branch movement are calculated. Based on the lumped mass parameter method, combined with the calculation results of gear tooth matching, the 45-DOF bending torsional coupling dynamic model of the system was established considering time-varying meshing stiffness, support stiffness, manufacturing and installation errors, and other factors, and the influence of each factor on the dynamic load-sharing performance of the system was analyzed. Combined with the influence law of various factors, a multi-objective dynamic load-sharing optimization design model was established with the best dynamic load-sharing performance and the minimum system quality as the objective function. Through the weighted combination method, the global optimal solution of the system optimization design was determined, and the influence of each parameter on the optimization objective function was analyzed. The correctness of the results was verified by using the genetic algorithm based on Pareto frontier distribution. The results show that the dynamic load-sharing characteristics of the system become worse with the increase of error and torsional stiffness, and are more sensitive to the influence of various error parameters. The optimization process focuses on the geometric parameters such as the Module, the teeth Number, the Pressure angle, and the Tooth width of each gear, which can reflect the degree of influence on the dynamic load-sharing and lightweight of the system. After optimization, the dynamic load sharing coefficient (DLSC) was reduced to 1.017, and the overall geometric volume was reduced to 1.473 × 108mm3. It provides a theoretical basis for the design and research of a new type of helicopter power transmission system with a compact structure, good maneuverability, and high reliability.

This work reports the classification study conducted on the biggest COX-2 inhibitor data set so far. Using 2925 diverse COX-2 inhibitors collected from 168 pieces of literature, we applied machine learning methods, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), to develop 12 classification models. The best SVM and RF models resulted in MCC values of 0.73 and 0.72, respectively. The 2925 COX-2 inhibitors were reduced to a data set of 1630 molecules by removing intermediately active inhibitors, and 12 new classification models were constructed, yielding MCC values above 0.72. The best MCC value of the external test set was predicted to be 0.68 by the RF model using ECFP_4 fingerprints. Moreover, the 2925 COX-2 inhibitors were clustered into eight subsets, and the structural features of each subset were investigated. We identified substructures important for activity including halogen, carboxyl, sulfonamide, and methanesulfonyl groups, as well as the aromatic nitrogen atoms. The models developed in this study could serve as useful tools for compound screening prior to lab tests.

In this work, a quaternary Ni–Cu–Nb–Ta system has been designed to obtain composite microstructure with spherical crystalline Cu-rich particles embedded in amorphous Ni-rich matrix. The alloy samples were prepared by using single-roller melting-spinning method. The microstructure and thermal properties of the as-quenched alloy samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. It shows that the spherical crystalline Cu-rich particles are embedded in the amorphous Ni-rich matrix. The average size of the Cu-rich particles is strongly dependent upon the Cu content. The effect of the alloy composition on the behavior of liquid–liquid phase separation and microstructure evolution was discussed. The phase formation in the Ni-based metallic glass matrix composite was analyzed.

Maximizing tuber number and yield in an aeroponics production system is imperative to make it cost effective and to make the best use of all facilities and inputs. Manipulating the plants hormonal makeup is a strategy. GA3(GA), Calcium Nitrate(CaN) and their combination were foliarly applied several times to potato plants of cvs. Favorita and Mira during both the autumn and spring growing seasons in a semi tropical setting in Sichuan. A contrasting treatment of an anti-gibberellin(Anti) was also studied in both seasons. Significant differences in plants height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, the number of stolons, the number of stolon branches and tuber production were observed among different treatments and cultivars. For the cv. Favorita, CaN + GA and GA increased tuber weight per plant by 63 and 49% in autumn and 53 and 73% in spring respectively as compared to the control(CK); tuber number per plant under CaN + GA and GA treatments increased by 90 and 85% in autumn and 35 and 52% in spring respectively. For cv. Mira, the trend was similar but not as dramatic. Tuber numbers over 1400 per square meter were harvested with cv. Mira during the spring season with the GA and CaN + GA treatments. La maximización del número de tubérculos y el rendimiento en un sistema de producción aeropónico es imperativo para hacerlo redituable y para hacer el mejor uso de todas las facilidades e insumos. La manipulación de la constitución hormonal es una estrategia. GA3 (GA), nitrato de calcio (CaN) y su combinación, se aplicaron foliarmente varias veces a plantas de papa de las vars. Favorita y Mira durante los ciclos de cultivo del otoño y la primavera en una instalación semi-tropical en Sichuan. También se estudió un tratamiento contrastante de una antigiberelina (Anti) en ambos ciclos. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos y variedades en altura de las plantas, diámetro de tallos, contenido de clorofila, índice de área foliar, número de estolones, número de ramificaciones de los estolones y producción de tubérculo. Para la variedad Favorita, CaN + GA y GA incrementaron el peso de tubérculo por planta en un 63 y 49% en el otoño, y 53 y 73% en la primavera, respectivamente, en comparación con el testigo (CK); el número de tubérculos por planta bajo los tratamientos con CaN + GA y GA aumentaron 90 y 85% en el otoño y 35 y 52% en la primavera, respectivamente. Para la variedad Mira, la tendencia fue similar, pero no tan dramática. Se cosecharon tubérculos en números superiores a 1400 por metro cuadrado de la variedad Mira durante el ciclo de cultivo de la primavera con los tratamientos GA y CaN + GA.

ABSTRACTThe effects of Al element addition and partial substitution of Ce with La, Pr, and Nd on the two-glass-forming ability of the phase-separating Zr–Ce–Co–Cu alloy system have been studied. The distribution of the additions in the two coexistent immiscible liquids was analysed thermodynamically. The results indicate that Al almost equally distributes in the two liquids, whereas the elements La, Pr, and Nd are predominantly found in the Ce–Cu-rich liquid. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that these additions obviously enhance the two-glass-forming ability of the coexisting liquids. This work presents a strategy for improving the two-glass-forming ability of immiscible alloys to obtain phase-separated bulk metallic glasses.

Optical coherence tomography-related morphological signs have a relatively high predictive value for the diagnosis of acute Vogt–Koyanaga–Harada disease.

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries afford great promise on achieving practical high energy density beyond lithium-ion batteries. Lean-electrolyte conditions constitute the prerequisite for achieving high-energy-density Li–S batteries but inevitably deteriorates battery performances, especially the sulfur cathode kinetics. Herein, the polarizations of the sulfur cathode are systematically decoupled to identify the key kinetic limiting factor in lean-electrolyte Li–S batteries. Concretely, an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy combined galvanostatic intermittent titration technique method is developed to decouple the cathodic polarizations into activation, concentration, and ohmic parts. Therein, activation polarization during lithium sulfide nucleation emerges as the dominant polarization as the electrolyte-to-sulfur ratio (E/S ratio) decreases, and the sluggish interfacial charge transfer kinetics is identified as the main reason for degraded cell performances under lean-electrolyte conditions. Accordingly, a lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide electrolyte is proposed to decrease activation polarization, and Li–S batteries adopting this electrolyte provide a discharge capacity of 985 mAh g–1under a low E/S ratio of 4 μL mg–1at 0.2 C. This work identifies the key kinetic limiting factor of lean-electrolyte Li–S batteries and provides guidance on designing rational promotion strategies to achieve advanced Li–S batteries.

Dual-effect organic additive is applied in Li–S batteries to enhance the sulfur redox kinetics through the formation of high donor number salts and organosulfur species.

Supervised methods of sentiment orientation analysis have got more and more attention for which don’t require labeled corpus and can be applied to different domains. However, traditional methods mostly consider single words which ignore the dependencies between the words of each other. To solve the problem, this paper presents an unsupervised method for sentiment orientation analysis on micro-blog based on dependency parsing and HDP model. Firstly, this method uses dependency parsing to filter the words in the corpus. Secondly, the HDP model is used to mine the implicit topics in the document. Then, a sentiment dictionary is used to calculate the sentiment distributions of the topics. Finally, the sentiment orientation of the whole micro-blog is obtained on the basis of the sentiment distributions of the topics. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the sentiment orientation of micro-blog.

We proposed an approach for estimating the density of salt-pepper noise in images with correlation inspection. The correlation coefficients histogram was introduced in this paper to depict the correlation distributions of images. Based on the fact that the correlation distributions of natural images are nearly independent of individual images, we revealed how the correlation coefficients histogram of the noisy image deviates from that of natural image along with the noise density in qua- ntitative form, thus we took advantage of this relation to make estimation. Simulation results showed that the proposed approach outperforms those of existing methods.

It is estimated that there are 0.33 billion tons of hazardous waste per year over the world. the scientific management of hazardous waste, effective guidance on the whole process and effective utilization become necessary. From this point, this thesis takes China’s Dalian Xizhong Petrochemical Park as the research object, using Multi-level evaluation model of grey system of hazardous waste processing project evaluation, then setting up Xizhong Island Petrochemical Park optimization of hazardous waste processing and disposing methods.We innovatively construct the combination of open type and closed type of hazardous waste disposal and management bus system, which is of great significance to achieve efficient management of hazardous waste.

The improvement of machinability during thermally assisted turning of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was investigated by finite element modelling. A 2D thermally assisted turning model was developed and validated by comparing the simulation results with experimental results. Detailed analyses were carried out on the simulations in terms of the influence of the initial work-piece temperature on cutting forces and chip formation in the TAM process. The predicted cutting forces showed a very good correlation to the experimental results, and both the simulation and experiments have proved that the initial work-piece temperature plays an important role in determining the cutting force, with increasing initial temperature reducing the cutting force.

Paraffin waxes as the phase change materials (PCM) usually tend to become supercooled in their crystallization processes, which limits their applications. As a solution, the modified multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) particles were dispersed in PCM as the nucleating agent to effectively reduce the super cooling, oxidized by strong acids H2SO4 and HNO3 to increase the compatibility with the organic liquid. In this study, the n-hexadecane-1-decanol slurry with modified MWCNT in different concentration was prepared and analyzed. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) indicated that the super cooling of PCM was significantly decreased. The effective ranges of nucleating agent concentration were summarized which provided a promising way of improving the performance of system energy efficiency in building cooling and heating applications.

We developed a new procession of extraction efficiency of ginger oleoresin by comparing the CO2 flux in liquid state with that in supercritical state under variant pressure conditions. In our this report, we found that the optimal parameters of this procession: 9～10MPa in extraction pressure, 10～20℃ in extraction temperature, 8～10MPa in isolation pressure, and 35～45℃ in isolation temperature. This procession is steady and ensures both the extraction yield of ginger oleoresin and the low cost of operation.

We developed a supercritical CO2 extraction procession and determinated ginger essential oil contents from the ginger oleoresin to explore the effects of temperatures or pressures on the supercritical CO2 extraction. Our research indicated that pressures had little effect on the liquid CO2 extraction capacity. However, supercritical CO2 extraction capacity was affected dramatically by the variant pressures. Additionally, changing pressures or temperature pushed the CO2 into transcritical isolation state. Under this circumstance, we not only ensured the yield of ginger oleoresin, but also did we obtain the ginger essential oil and gingerol simultaneously.

According to the actual engineering conditions of Haokou RCC Gravity Dam, the 3-D FEM model of the typical overflow dam section and its foundation is set up. Using the response spectrum method, the responses of earthquake acceleration, displacement and stress of the dam and their distribution laws were studied under the seismic loading, and the anti-sliding stability of dam is also analyzed. The calculation results show that under the design earthquake condition, the maximum principle stress response of dam body is 2.26MPa, which appears at the dam heel. The safety factor of stability against sliding on the face of the dam foundation is 1.43 and the stability against deep sliding is 3.2. So this dam section can meet the strength and stability requirements of standard, its earthquake-resistant safety could meet the requirements of standard.

A design of long-distance and high-accuracy rail subgrade deformation monitoring system based on Zigbee wireless network is proposed according to the requirement of inclination measurement for the Qinghai-Tibet railway rail subgrade. This paper selects Atmega128 as the microprocessor of the system, and uses SCA103T as high accuracy inclination sensor. When the real time inclination data has been collected and analyzed, GPRS network and Beidou satellite system should send the data to remote server, which can exhibit the deformation of rail subgrade after processing and analyzing the data comprehensively. The measurement results show that the short-term stability reaches 0.01°, and long-term stability reaches 0.02°. The final application distance is nearly 378 kilometers.

In this paper, a combination of in-situ polymerization and ultrasonication dispersion method has been successfully utilized to prepare r-GO/carbon sphere/PANI trinary composite. The structural characterizations show that the carbon sphere/PANI composites are wrapped by r-GO sheets in the as-obtained composites. Due to the reinforcing effect coming from r-GO, the efficient charge and ions transport, conductivity, and electrochemical performance of carbon sphere/PANI composite are significantly improved after combining with the r-GO. The r-GO/carbon sphere/PANI composite exhibits the largest specific capacitance of 420 F g-1, about 75% higher than that of carbon sphere/PANI binary composite (240 F g-1). Therefore, such r-GO/carbon sphere/PANI composite can be a potential candidate for high-performance capacitors.

To improve the dispersion of phthalocyanine blue powder, decrease its consumption and increase the use value of talc, TPBCP (Talc / Phthalocyanine Blue Composite Powder) was prepared by liquid phase mechanochemical method. By means of paint performance test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the properties and microstructure of composite powder were characterized. The hiding power and oil absorption value of talc/phthalocyanine blue composite powder were 12.88 g/m2 and 32.50 g/100g respectively, and the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) colorimetric data L, a, and b were 44.95, 1.65 and -17.18 respectively. It was equivalent for the hiding power of composite powder to 77.6% of that of pure phthalocyanine blue with a equivalent CIE. The formation of TPBCP was marked by phthalocyanine blue particles uniformly coated on talc surface. The results showed that TPBCP had similar performances with phthalocyanine blue and could instead of phthalocyanine blue to be applied in several fields.

The chemical composition of various parts of banana stem and leaf were analysed. The soda cooking and kraft cooking process of banana stem were optimized. The bleaching performance of the banana stem pulp was discussed. The results showed that the banana stem and leaf kraft pulp were good fiber material for pulping and papermaking. The brightness of banana stem bleached pulp can reach above 80%ISO through ClO2 bleaching.

The effects of the dosage of enzyme, liquid/solid ratio, reaction temperature, PH value and reaction time on enzymolysis and saccharification of bagasse pith were studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulase were PH 5.0,the dosage of enzyme 0.005g/g (oven dry pulp), liquid/solid ratio 35:1, 50˚C and s 60h. The changes of bagasse pith during reacting were analyzed through HPLC and FIRT, it were found that the content of xylose increased and improve the yield of reducing sugar in hyrolysis by double-enzymatic(cellulase and lxyanase). The results of FTIR analysis showed that new chemical construction and functional groups were not generated.

S100A6 has been implicated in a variety of biological functions as well as tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the expression status of S100A6 in relation to the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer and further explored a possible association of its expression with epigenetic regulation. S100A6 expression was remarkably increased in 67.5% of gastric cancer tissues as compared with matched noncancerous tissues. Statistical analysis demonstrated a clear correlation between high S100A6 expression and various clinicopathological features, such as depth of wall invasion, positive lymph node involvement, liver metastasis, vascular invasion, and tumor-node metastasis stage (P< 0.05 in all cases), as well as revealed that S100A6 is an independent prognostic predictor (P= 0.026) significantly related to poor prognosis (P= 0.0004). Further exploration found an inverse relationship between S100A6 expression and the methylation status of the seventh and eighth CpG sites in the promoter/first exon and the second to fifth sites in the second exon/second intron. In addition, the level of histone H3 acetylation was found to be significantly higher in S100A6-expressing cancer cells. After 5-azacytidine or trichostatin A treatment, S100A6 expression was clearly increased in S100A6 low-expressing cells. In conclusion, our results suggested that S100A6 plays an important role in the progression of gastric cancer, affecting patient prognosis, and is up-regulated by epigenetic regulation.

A Fabry-Perot self-collimation interferometer (FPSI) constructed in a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D PhC) by liquid crystal infiltration has been proposed and demonstrated theoretically. The resonant cavity of FPSI is infiltrated with a nematic liquid crystal (LC) 5CB with ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices 1.522 and 1.706, respectively. The transmission spectrum of the FPSI has been investigated with the 2D finite-difference time-domain method. Calculation results show that resonant transmission peaks have nearly equal frequency spacing 0.0090c/a. When the effective refractive index neff of the liquid crystal is increased from 1.522 to 1.706, the peaks shift to the lower frequencies over 0.0071c/a while the peak spacing is almost kept unchanged. Thus this FPSI by LC infiltration can work as a tunable attenuator or an optical switch. For the central operating wavelength around 1.55m, its dimensions are only about tens of microns. Thus this device may be applied to photonic integrated circuits.

A self-collimation splitting sensor truncated in a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal has been proposed and demonstrated theoretically. Intensity of transmitted light and reflected light, which varies with the width of the splitter, is detected at two output ports. Calculation results validated by the 2D finite-difference time-domain technique show that with the increase of width, the transmittivity decreases while the reflectivity increases and their summation decreases. Considering the trade-off between the sensitivity of the optical detector and the loss of power, including the difficulty of fabrication, the width of 0.4a is meet for the sensor. The simulated relative intensity monotonously increases from 1.63 to 2.94 nonlinearly.

Films of linear-low density polyethylenes, made from metallocene catalyst and Ziegler-Natta catalyst , were exposed to accelerate photo-oxidation conditions. The investigations were focused on the changes of the physical and chemical structures and elongation at break occurring in the photo-oxidation process. The results showed that ethylene-hexene m-LLDPE was more favorer to photo-oxidize than ethylene-octene LLDPE. The other two ethylene-ocetene m-LLDPEs were comparable to LLDPE with the same comonomer. The oxidation rate of LDPE is slower than those of all the LLDPEs.

Moisture-absorbent poly- (acrylate-co-methacrylate) was synthesized by solution polymerization, using N,N’-methylene bisacrylamide as the crossinglinking agent, sodium bisulfate and ammonium persulfate as the initiator. The moisture absorption properties of the copolymer in different temperatures and humidities have been systematically studied. Experimental results indicated that the moisture absorption behavior has been enhanced with the increase amount of methacrylate. Under different relative humidity, the moisture adsorption ability was distinct. When the relative moisture reached 40%, the humidity behavior became less evident. As the increase of moisture, the absorbency for moisture improves correspondingly. When the relative moisture get to 90%, the properties of this copolymer was obviously improved compared with the traditional materials, such as silica gel and molecular sieve.

The crystal structure and dielectric properties of Bi-based pyrochlore ceramics with formula Bi1.5ZnM1.5O7(M=Nb, Ta or Sb) were investigated. The three composition ceramics crystallize in the same pyrochlore structure, but the lattice parameters decrease with decreasing B-site ionic radius. Raman spectra analyses were performed to look for short-range structural differences and indicate that the Ta and Sb incorporation into B-site induce the A-site cations array to be more disordered. Ta or Sb replacing Nb lead to smaller dielectric constant and higher temperature coefficient values. The common characteristics for the three compositions are that they have rather low dielectric loss and high resistivity. The dielectric behavior with temperature for BZS and BZT samples were more flat than that of the BZN ceramics. Dielectric abnormal behavior at high temperature for all samples is typically associated with losses by conduction.

The Ba(Zr0.35Ti0.65)O3(BZT) thin films were deposited via sol-gel process on LaNiO3-coated silicon substrates. XRD showed that the crystallinity of BZT film grown on LaNiO3coated silicon substrates is better than that of BZT film grown on Pt. Both films showed perovskite phase and polycrystalline structure. The temperature dependent dielectric measurements revealed that the thin films had the relaxor behavior and diffuse phase transition characteristics. The capacitor tuning was about 44% for each BZT film grown on LaNiO3/Pt and Pt electrodes at 1 MHz. Especially, the values of dielectric loss at 1 MHz ranged from ∼0.02 to 0.009 in the bias range of 0 to 514 kV/cm, respectively. The leakage currents density of thin films grown on LaNiO3/Pt and Pt electrodes at 300 kV/cm was about 8.5 × 10−7and 1.1 × 10−5A/cm2, respectively. This work demonstrates a potential use of BZT films for application in tunable microwave devices.

The electronic structures of pure and Nb 5+, La 3+ doped ferroelectric PbTiO 3 have been calculated with discrete variation X f ( DV - X f ) embedded cluster method. Based on the relative distribution of partial density of states (PDOS) of Ti 4+, Nb 5+, La 3+, and Pb 2+ ions. We could clarify the resistant effect of Nb 5+, La 3+ doping on the ferroelectric fatigue in PbTiO 3 based material system (PZT).