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The pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations have recently reported compelling evidence for a stochastic signal consistent with a gravitational-wave background. In this paper, we combine the latest data sets from NANOGrav, PPTA, and EPTA to explore cosmological interpretations for the PTA signal from first-order phase transitions, domain walls, and cosmic strings, respectively. We find that the domain wall model is strongly disfavored with the Bayes factors compared with the first-order phase transitions and cosmic strings being 1/90 and 1/189, respectively, breaking the degeneracy among these models in individual data set. We also find that: (1) a strong phase transition at temperatures below the electroweak scale is favored, and the bubble collisions make the dominant contribution to the energy density spectrum; (2) a small reconnection probability p< 1.55 × 10−1allowed by strings in (super)string theory is favored at the 95% confidence level, and ground-based detectors can further constrain the parameter space.

The purpose of this study was to reveal the current trends and preferences of Chinese orthopedic surgeons regarding anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction through a nationwide web-based survey conducted in China. The survey questionnaire was distributed via WeChat to the chairmen of provincial orthopedic and sports medicine organizing committees in China, who then shared it in their respective WeChat workgroups. The questionnaire consisted of 52 multiple-choice questions covering 8 sections. Data collection was implemented by Questionnaire Star. A total of 812 valid questionnaires were returned: 94.21% of the respondents preferred single-bundle reconstruction of ACL, while 61.70% preferred autogenous semitendinosus plus gracilis reconstruction; 76.35% of the respondents preferred establishing the femoral tunnel first, while 47.29% preferred establishing the femoral tunnel through a medial auxiliary approach; and 85.10% of the respondents recommended patients to undergo surgery within 3 months after ligament injury. Besides, the vast majority of respondents chose to retain the ligamentous remnant bundle (92.98%) and recommended routine use of knee braces postoperatively (94.09%). It is recommended to perform arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with the remnant preserving technique using a hamstring autograft within 3 months of ACL rupture, with support of postoperative functional braces.

Several pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations, including NANOGrav, EPTA, PPTA, and CPTA, have announced the evidence for a stochastic signal consistent with a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are supposed to be the most promising gravitational-wave (GW) sources for this signal. In this paper, we use the NANOGrav 15-year data set to constrain the parameter space in an astro-informed formation model for SMBHBs. Our results prefer a large turn-over eccentricity of the SMBHB orbit when GWs begin to dominate the SMBHB evolution. Furthermore, the SGWB spectrum is extrapolated to the space-borne GW detector frequency band by including inspiral-merge-cutoff phases of SMBHBs, indicating that the SGWB from SMBHBs should be detected by LISA, Taiji and TianQin in the near future.

The study aimed to compare the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) cervical injections + actinomycin-D (ACT-D)(MACT) and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) + actinomycin-D (5-Fu plus ACT-D) chemotherapy regimens for low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (LR-GTN). Clinical data from 66 LR-GTN patients, admitted to the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from January 2010 to April 2012, were analysed retrospectively. In total, 32 patients were treated with a MACT therapeutic regimen and the remaining 34 with a 5Fu + ACT-D therapeutic regimen. Complete remission rates (CR), duration of treatment, hospital stay and toxicity effects were compared. There was no statistical difference in CR for the MACT (90.63%) or the 5-Fu plus ACT-D (100%) therapeutic regimens (p = 0.0676) or in the duration of treatment [MACT (3.50) or 5-Fu plus ACT-D (3.71; p = 0.2021)]. Moreover, the hospital stay in the 5-Fu plus ACT-D group (32.88 days) was significantly longer than for the MACT group (22.09 days; p ＜ 0.001). Furthermore, the degree of myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, stomatitis and alopecia was more severe in the 5Fu + ACT-D group (p ＜ 0.01). However, there was no statistical difference in the severity of liver function damage between the two groups. A shorter hospital stay, lower hospitalization cost and slightly more toxic effects were observed in LR-GTN patients treated with the MACT therapeutic regimen. We suggest that the MACT regimen should be used as first-line chemotherapy for LR-GTN.

SFMEA is an important method of improving software reliability. To solve the problem that there are no clear levels or variable clues in Detailed-level SFMEA, focusing on software architecture, the Detailed-level SFMEA method based on Level-dependence model is proposed. The method as follows is advanced:Level-dependence model is constructed to make the software variables clues visualized; variables to be analyzed are selected combined with the model’s features; failure modes are identified based on the model’s attributes and common failure mode library; the affect’s propagation and causes’ analysis are converted to the reachability problem of the nodes.

Software Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (SFMEA) technology is the most common technique in reliability and safety analysis. The common software FMEA methods are summarized and for object-oriented software, combined with the Rhapsodys characteristic of modeling and simulation, we proposed the SFMEA method based on modeling and simulation by Rhapsody and gave the process of implementation, the acquisition methods of failure modes and the SFMEA example.

Through the surface temperature (SST), sea chlorophyll and ocean current data got by satellite remote sensing inversion technology, and the statistic of fishing boat in the North Pacific from 2006 to 2011, this paper analyzes the relationship of marine environment and squid fishing fisheries fluctuate in North Pacific Ocean. It is determined that the sea surface temperature scope of high squid fisheries is 10~22°C, and the appropriate temperature is 18~20°C. The chlorophyll density of squid fish is approximately 0.02~0.40mg/m3.The frequency is the highest when the chlorophyll density is between 0.08~0.24 mg/m3. GAM module analysis indicates that neon flying squid the relation of the entertainment factor and north feeding migration every June to August and South action every October to November has different features. There is a positive correlation between SST and neon flying squid catch while north feeding migration. It is a negative correlation while going south. And there is a good correspondence between the distribution of chlorophyll and the distribution of the fish catch of core fishery. Fish catch doesn`t has great change as with longitude, but it correspond well with the latitude.

Combined with the sample monitoring of our research and the previous studies of algae growth kinetics,the total algae biomass of Xinyun Lake that can been gathered and removed was fast estimated as 1218800m3/a. Based on the research work about the result of organic fertilizer from algae paste, the internal pollution load reductions of COD, NH4-N and available phosphorus were estimated as 13163.04t, 1018.91t and 146.26t, respectively, in 2012. At last, the environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit of organic fertilizer from algae were analyzed, and all of them were very significant.

A new mathematical method is developed for the calculation of equivalent elastic modulus of UV-type corrugated paperboard. The model is assumed to be composite sandwich structure and to endure the out-of-plane uniform pressure. Force method is used for the derivation of the formula. The influence of the corrugated medium structure on the flat compression strength of corrugated paperboard is investigated as well. The equivalent elastic moduluses of two different sizes of three-layer UV corrugated paperboard are calculated according to the derived formula. The relationship between the thickness and the shape parameters with the flat compressive strength is discussed. The introduction of shape coefficient into this formula can help to optimize the corrugated sandwich structure and its cushioning pads.

The modellings of the respiration rate of papaya by using enzyme kinetics, chemical kinetics and artificial neural network (ANN) were developed respectively, and all the models were parameterized with experimental data obtained at temperatures of 8, 18 and 28 °C by the closed system method for comparison. The ANN model was thought to be the best after being evaluated by the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the two-tailed Pearson correlation coefficient r. The study demonstrated that the ANN model and the chemical kinetic model can be applied to the prediction of papaya’s respiration rate.

Many efforts have been taken to achieve automated Graphical User Interface (GUI) testing. The most popular way is model-based testing, which supports automated test case generation and execution. But building such a model is a non-trivial task, which usually costs the most work-load in the entire testing process. Most of the approaches about automated model deriving are dependant on the programming language or specific OS. In this paper, we proposed a new approach of GUI modeling using Optical Character Recognition (OCR), and technical poblems encountered have been analyzed in deatail. Case study shows that our approach is capable of analyzing most of the GUI windows, and generating corresponding model and hence eliminates the above constraint.

The qualitative ELISA was used for screening out atrazine in soil and positive results were proved with GC-MS. The recoveries 、Precision and the detection limits were estimated in this paper. The average recoveries of ELISA were 96.64%~98.06%,and coefficient of variations were 1.69%~3.36%,the detection limit was 0.04μg/kg, while The average recoveries of GC-MS were 85.78%~87.46%,and coefficient of variations were 4.3%~6.56%,the detection limit was 0.03μg/kg, when the concentrations of 0.5,1.0,5.0μg/kg atrazine standard were add to soil samples. Then three positive samples that filtered by ELISA were proved with GC-MS, and the results were coherent between two methods. The assay found ELISA is a rapid and exact method with good reproducibility for atrazine determination in soil .

Background: IL-24 (interleukin-24) is a promising, multi-functional anti-cancer agent able to selectively induce tumor cell apoptosis while sparing normal cells. Additionally, IL-24 can enhance the immune response to tumors and suppress tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we introduced IL-24 into the oncolytic adenovirus, Ad·sp·E1A(∆24·E1B(∆55)·IL-24. in which E1A was engineered to target Rb (retinoblastoma) deficient or dysfunctional tumors. The survivin promoter (sp), was used to drive expression of IL-24, thereby allowing it to target most tumors. Finally, the 55 KDa gene of E1B was also deleted, thereby preventing replication in normal cells.Results: Ad·sp·E1A(∆24)·E1B(∆55)·IL-24 showed enhanced anti-tumor effects over the E1, singly regulated oncolytic adenovirus, ONYX-015, in in vitro experiments. Furthermore, Ad·sp·E1A(∆24)·E1B(∆55)·IL-24 could effectively inhibit the progression of NCI-H460 lung carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Methods: The antitumor effect of Ad·sp·E1A(∆24)·E1B(∆55)·IL-24 was assessed by MTT assay and crystal violet staining in a panel of tumor cells. Cell staining and western blotting for caspase activation were used to assess apoptosis. We assessed the anti-tumor effects of Ad·sp·E1A(∆24)·E1B(∆55)·IL-24 in a xenograft model. Conclusion: This is the first study to use an E1A and E1B triple regulated oncolytic adenovirus vector carrying IL-24 to treat large tumors. We attained efficient antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, which provides an experimental foundation for clinical cancer therapy.

Objective In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the oncological outcomes of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery compared with radical surgery alone for treatment of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I–II cervical cancer.Method We searched for studies comparing the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone in treatment outcomes of locally advanced cervical cancer. Meta-analysis was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results Sixteen studies were included in our analysis. Pooled analysis of overall survival rate [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.83–1.43] and progression-free survival rate (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.77–1.57) showed that preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not have a benefit compared with surgery alone in terms of survival rates. The pooled results for postoperative parameters indicated that preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery was associated with a high rate of vascular space involvement (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.17–0.35) and parametrial infiltration (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45–0.79).Conclusions This meta-analysis indicated that surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for FIGO stage I–II cervical cancer and surgery alone had similar oncological outcomes.

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A simple structural receptor containing ICT fluorophore (p-(dimethylamino)benzamido) and binding moiety (thiourea) showed highly selective response to Zn2+in pH 8.0 Tris-HCl buffer solution. The spectrum of 1showed two emission peaks in the presence of Zn2+and the fluorescence intensity ratio could serve as monitor index for the determination of Zn2+.

Pentacene thin-film transistors have great potential because of low cost, large-area circuits, and relatively high mobility. Due to active organic layers, OTFTs have suitable analyte response properties with high sensitivity in both gaseous(1) and aqueous(2) environments. Gas sensing mechanisms for OTFTs have been proposed that gas molecules interact with carriers in conduction channels at the dielectric interface. To increase the sensing ability and to establish sensing selectivity, many approaches have been proposed such as using OTFTs as multi-parameter sensors(3), changing the functional group or grain structure of the organic layer(4), and varying the device dimension(5). In our paper, a new method to increase the sensing sensitivity was demonstrated. The OTFTs sensitivity to ammonia can be successfully enhanced by the functional group on the dielectric. Sensing selectivity can be expected by comparing OTFTs with different functional group on the dielectric in our film.