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This study explored the relationship between the design of calf compression sleeves and the comfort of young women in long sitting and standing work environments. By studying the relationship between material elongation and comfort pressure, a prediction model was obtained. The characteristics of the calf models of 94 women were classified, and the influence of different calf characteristics on the pressure distribution and tensile value design was objectively analyzed through simulation tests. The samples were then produced based on the simulation results, and subjective and objective try-on tests and evaluations were carried out. The results show that the difference in the shape of the calf has a certain impact on the pressure distribution and comfort. The predicted value of the theoretical model is in good agreement with the actual test value. The sample can bring a suitable gradient pressure and meet the comfort requirements and safety standards.

2,6-bis(picrylamino)-3,5-dinitropyridine (PYX) has excellent thermostability, which makes its thermal decomposition mechanism receive much attention. In this paper, the mechanism of PYX thermal decomposition was investigated thoroughly by the ReaxFF-lg force field combined with DFT-B3LYP(6–311++G) method. The detailed decomposition mechanism, small-molecule product evolution, and cluster evolution of PYX were mainly analyzed. In the initial stage of decomposition, the intramolecular hydrogen transfer reaction and the formation of dimerized clusters are earlier than the denitration reaction. With the progress of the reaction, one side of the bitter amino group is removed from the pyridine ring, and then the pyridine ring is cleaved. The final products produced in the thermal decomposition process are CO2, H2O, N2, and H2. Among them, H2O has the earliest generation time, and the reaction rate constant (k3) is the largest. Many clusters are formed during the decomposition of PYX, and the formation, aggregation, and decomposition of these clusters are strongly affected by temperature. At low temperatures (2500 K–2750 K), many clusters are formed. At high temperatures (2750 K–3250 K), the clusters aggregate to form larger clusters. At 3500 K, the large clusters decompose and become small. In the late stage of the reaction, H and N in the clusters escaped almost entirely, but more O was trapped in the clusters, which affected the auto-oxidation process of PYX. PYX’s initial decomposition activation energy (Ea) was calculated to be 126.58 kJ/mol. This work contributes to a theoretical understanding of PYX’s entire thermal decomposition process.

To solve the problem of nano-aluminum (nAl) powder easy agglomeration and improve its thermal reaction, nAl was combined with adhesive (Viton A, F2602) and oxidizer (Ammonium perchlorate, AP) forming microspheres by electrostatic spray method. The morphology and structure were analyzed by SEM, EDS and XPS. The results showed that the microspheres (diameter≈Φ10–15 μm) were hollow structures formed by winding of fluoropolymer fibers, while AP and nano aluminum particles were embedded on the fibers. By controlling the electric spray process, the well-dispersed AP and nAl nanocrystals were assembled on the fiber. Thermal analysis indicated that the gas phase products decomposed by AP were absorbed by porous microspheres, and part of the heat was stored in polymer fibers, thus promoting the breakdown of the alumina shell and accelerating the pre-ignition reaction. The combustion and laser ignition experiments proved hollow heterogeneous microspheres have excellent thermodynamic properties. The assembled microspheres not only solved the problem of poor rheology caused by the agglomeration of nAl, but also improved the insufficient combustion of nAl and the condensation of products.

Mapping molecular signatures within a fragile leaf or flower of medicinal plants with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) techniques is crucial in plant biology yet remains a great challenge due to the inability to slice such samples. Herein, we constructed a composite substrate, hydrophobic polydopamine-modified TiO2nanotube coated with plasmonic gold nanoparticle (AuNP-hPDA-TDNT) and exploited its potential as a surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) substrate for imprinting/stamping MSI analysis. With the integrated advantages of satisfactory imprinting/stamping capability and enhanced ion production, this AuNP-hPDA-TDNT substrate-based SALDI-MSI exhibits remarkable performance in mapping tissue-specific distribution patterns of functional metabolites in medicinal plant (i.e., Catharanthus roseus, Ginkgo biloba, and Jatropha integerrima) leaves/flowers and fruits (i.e., strawberry and cherry tomato) regardless of tedious sample preparation. Collectively, we believe that this functionalized TiO2nanotube substrate will expand the scope of SALDI-MSI in plant science, providing more biologically relevant insights into the functions and mechanisms of plant systems.

The botanical pesticide rotenone can effectively control target pest Plutella xylostella, yet insights into in situmetabolic regulation of P. xylostellatoward rotenone remain limited. Herein, we demonstrated metabolic expression levels and spatial distribution of rotenone-treated P. xylostellausing spatial metabolomics and lipidomics. Specifically, rotenone significantly affected purine and amino acid metabolisms, indicating that adenosine monophosphate and inosine were distributed in the whole body of P. xylostellawith elevated levels, while guanosine 5′-monophosphate and tryptophan were significantly downregulated. Spatial lipidomics results indicated that rotenone may significantly destroy glycerophospholipids in cell membranes of P. xylostella, inhibit fatty acid biosynthesis, and consume diacylglycerol to enhance fat oxidation. These findings revealed that high toxicity of rotenone toward P. xylostellamay be ascribed to negative effects on energy production and amino acid synthesis and damage to cell membranes, providing guidelines for the toxicity mechanism of rotenone on target pests and rational development of botanical pesticide candidates.

Emerging automotive applications require reliable but at the same time low-cost positioning solutions. In this paper, we present such a solution by fusing the measurements from several consumer-grade sensors using [...]

Developing a targeted nanopesticide to control the vascular disease of banana in agriculture is crucial to improve pesticide utilization. In this study, according to the degree of functionalization, three γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-decorated nanocarriers (PSI-GABA8, PSI-GABA18, and PSI-GABA28) were constructed for smart delivery of nonsystemic fungicide in banana phloem tissues. Fludioxonil (Flu) was loaded in nanocarriers to form Flu@PSI-GABA nanoparticles with a core/shell structure for control of banana wilt disease. Results demonstrated that the delivery dosage of Flu was up to 1.6 mg/L in castor phloem sap using PSI-GABA28nanocarriers. In vitroresults showed that the EC50of Flu@PSI-GABA28was 0.0116 mg/L, and the inhibitory activity was about 8.8 times higher than that of technical-grade (TC) Flu. Flu@PSI-GABA28could be transported for long distances and accumulated to the rhizome of banana by foliar application, and the control effectiveness was about 20 times that of the conventional Flu (50% WP) for the banana wilt. This study provides a distinctive guidance for effective control of vascular diseases in precision agriculture application.

Nanosilvers with multifarious morphologies have been extensively used in many fields, but their morphology-dependent toxicity toward nontarget aquatic organisms remains largely unclear. Herein, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to investigate the toxicological effects of silver nanomaterials with various morphologies on spatially resolved lipid profiles within multiple organs in adult zebrafish, especially for the gill, liver, and intestine. Integrated with histopathology, enzyme activity, accumulated Ag contents and amounts, as well as MSI results, we found that nanosilvers exhibit morphology-dependent nanotoxicity by disrupting lipid levels and producing oxidative stress. Silver nanospheres (AgNSs) had the highest toxicity toward adult zebrafish, whereas silver nanoflakes (AgNFs) exhibited greater toxicity than silver nanowires (AgNWs). Levels of differential phospholipids, such as PC, PE, PI, and PS, were associated with nanosilver morphology. Notably, we found that AgNSs induced greater toxicity in multiple organs, such as the brain, gill, and liver, while AgNWs and AgNFs caused greater toxicity in the intestine than AgNSs. Lipid functional disturbance and oxidative stress further caused inflammation and membrane damage after exposure to nanosilvers, especially with respect to sphere morphology. Taken together, these findings will contribute to clarifying the toxicological effects and mechanisms of different morphologies of nanosilvers in adult zebrafish.

GPS positioning in urban scenarios is challenging because of large numbers of non-line-of-sight outlier measurements. We propose a robust positioning algorithm that combines GPS observations with visual-inertial odometry information to [...]

Our study presents a new pattern-making approach that is composed of three major steps: to establish the new torso classification; to improve the pattern shaping method; to solve the problem of misfit of female dresses. New additional measurements were obtained from full bust, waist and hip circumferences and divided between front and back parts separately from 3D body scanning data. By creating 8 new torso subtypes Y1, Y2, A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2, which reflect the body characteristics and torso morphology through distribution of bust girth between the front and the back, we have developed the Chinese female torso classification. On the basis of the new classification and the Japanese method of pattern block drafting, we improved the method of calculation of waist darts and the shaping of two kinds of female dresses: first kind doesn’t have the horizontal waist seam (one-piece dress) and second kind has the waist horizontal seam (two-pieces dress containing from the top and the skirt). The new torso subtypes and new pattern block shaping approach are taken into attention as the body characteristics will significantly improve the quality of clothes. New method of pattern pieces shaping in according with the characteristic features of a 3D virtual avatar allows to integrate this virtual pattern-generating approach into the pattern-making systems.

In this paper, we study distributed channel assignment in wireless networks with applications to peer discovery in ad hoc wireless networks. We model channel assignment as a coloring problem for spatial point processes in which n nodes are located in a unit cube uniformly at random and each node is assigned one of K colors, where each color represents a channel. The objective is to maximize the spatial separation between nodes of the same color. In general, it is hard to derive the optimal coloring algorithm and therefore, we consider a natural greedy coloring algorithm, first proposed in [5]. We prove two key results: (i) with just a small number of colors when K is roughly of the order of log(n) loglog(n), the distance separation achieved by the greedy coloring algorithm asymptotically matches the optimal distance separation that can be achieved by an algorithm which is allowed to select the locations of the nodes but is allowed to use only one color, and (ii) when K = Omega(log(n)), the greedy coloring algorithm asymptotically achieves the best distance separation that can be achieved by an algorithm which is allowed to both optimally color and place nodes. The greedy coloring algorithm is also shown to dramatically outperform a simple random coloring algorithm. Moreover, the results continue to hold under node mobilities.