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We present practical algorithms to compute subgroups such as Hall systems, system normalizers,F -normalizers and F -covering subgroups in finite solvable groups. An application is an algorithm to calculate head complements in finite solvable groups; that is, complements which are closely related to maximal subgroups. Our algorithms use the technique of exhibiting subgroups. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on the changes in the occupational commitment of graduate sociology students. It has been stated that despite the growing sociological literature on socialization to occupational and professional roles by way of higher education, specific data about graduate students of sociology and the ways in which they change while training for their profession could not be ascertained. There is a growing awareness of the importance of the first year of graduate study in the process of vocational selection but systematic knowledge or data about this period in the education of sociologists is limited. Many aspects of professionalism in addition to occupational commitment have been encompassed in the study. It has been emphasized that a student's beginning year of graduate study is a crucial year during which the student comes to see how the field is defined and presented by its practitioners. Data on changes in occupational commitment, and behavior among a cohort of beginning sociology graduate students in a large private university have been provided. Certain factors expected to account for these changes have been examined.

The article presents comments on the socialization of adults. A collection of previously unpublished articles on socialization to adult statuses have been provided. Two sets of contribution on the issue are the process of socialization and the structure of formal organizations engaged in socialization have been studied. The third set of contributions is concerned with social behavior. Three sets taken together lead to a fourth set which links the structure, content, process and outcomes of socialization to the standards held by the society. The internalization and removal of values and motives other than those defined as socially deviant. The socially deviant behavior includes criminality or mental illness. The drastic role redefinitions of an adult in military service has been dealt with. The relative permanence of the status change and the irrevocable commitment entailed, have been emphasized. The author suggests that escape from the new status is possible. One can migrate again, divorce may be granted, one may be paroled. But it is impossible to return to the old status.