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Pure NiO and Fe-doped NiO NPs were prepared using coprecipitation synthesis for potential usage in supercapacitors and photocatalytic degradation of MB dye. The synthesized materials such as NiO, Fe1%NiO, Fe3%NiO, Fe5%NiO, and Fe7%NiO are efficient photocatalysts. Different characterization techniques like XRD, SEM, EDX, PL, and UVVis spectroscopy were used to examine synthesized nanomaterial. In order to improve the photocatalytic activity, the optical properties of prepared nanoparticles were enhanced by adding Fe into NiO. The optimal sample Fe5%NiO with bandgap 3.21 eV led to the degradation of 95 % of MB dye during the time interval of 120 min. The optimal catalyst's high ratio of surface-to-volume provides many active sites to degrade the pollutant. Cyclic test and reusability were also performed to check the stability of the optimum catalyst. To study the capacitive properties CV, GCD, and EIS techniques were utilized. The greatest specific capacitance of the 5 % Fe-doped NiO is equivalent to 1200 F/g, suggesting a significant increase above other reported materials based on NiO. These nanostructures showed good charging-discharging retention. The high capacitance of these nanostructures has shown that they have potential use in supercapacitors. This study will be helpful for manufacturing innovation.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating inflammatory disorder characterized by an overactive immune system targeting joints, leading to inflammation and intense pain. While current RA therapies effectively alleviate symptoms, they are often associated with significant side effects. This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties of an Ethanolic Extract of Myxopyrum serratulumA.W. Hill (EEMS) using animal models. Results: The acute toxicity study with EEMS (2000 mg/kg, p.o.) on rats showed no toxicity or mortality up to the highest dose. Inflammation was induced using carrageenan, and rats were treated with varying doses of EEMS (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) and diclofenac to assess anti-inflammatory effects. Anti-arthritic efficacy was evaluated using Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation, comparing EEMS to methotrexate. The results revealed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects of EEMS and a reversal of arthritic-induced weight loss in treated groups. Paw volume reduction was significant in both EEMS and methotrexate groups. Biochemical analyses showed elevated markers in the arthritic control group, which were normalized by EEMS and methotrexate. Notably, EEMS (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced cathepsin-D levels compared to the positive control. EEMS administration also lowered hepatic lipid peroxidation and increased endogenous antioxidants (SOD, GSH, and GPX). The 200 and 400 mg/kg doses reduced the iNOS/GADPH ratio, while the 400 mg/kg dose restored cellular and joint structure and significantly decreased IL1 levels. Conclusions: In conclusion, EEMS demonstrated substantial protective effects, mitigating health risks associated with chronic inflammation such as arthritis. These findings underscore the ethnomedical potential of Myxopyrum serratulum as a promising anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritis agent. The study suggests that EEMS could be a viable alternative or complementary therapy for RA, offering therapeutic benefits with potentially fewer side effects than current treatments.

Global crop production is significantly reduced by rapid changes in the climate, either by natural or manmade activities. The frequent application of various fertilizers, has resulted in soil pollution, which is further exacerbated by water scarcity. The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers has led to devastating consequences such as reduction of soil fertility, environmental contamination, increased insect resistance, destroyed biodiversity, and ultimately resulted in heavy economic losses. Another approach being investigated and explored is the use of biofertilizers, which is a better supplement to improve crop yields without harming the environment. However, a significant challenge lies in the fact that plants cannot utilize whole biofertilizer intact, as much of the portion remained unabsorbed or became part of the soil instead of reaching the targeted site. This problem can be solved by nanotechnology; nano-biofertilizers increase tolerance against abiotic stresses. They improve plant morphology, biochemistry and yield, as well as soil composition. Thus, in comparison to conventional chemical fertilizers, nano-biofertilizer produce eco-friendly, sustainable and longer-lasting outcomes. This paper discusses a review of biofertilizer formulations based on nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture development. The invention and application of nano-biofertilizer on various plant species is highlighted in this paper, along with how it improves the growth and development of plants.

Nine morpholine-derived halogenated chalcone derivatives (MHC1-MHC9) were synthesized, and their inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase (MAO) was evaluated. MHC5showed the highest inhibitory activity against MAO-B with an IC50value of 0.065 μM, followed by MHC7(IC50= 0.078 μM) and MHC6(IC50= 0.082 μM). The para-F substituent MHC4was also potent (IC50= 0.095 μM). The selectivity index values of all the compounds were high for MAO-B over MAO-A, and the values for MHC5and MHC4were 66.15 and 80.11, respectively. MHC5and MHC4were competitive MAO-B inhibitors with Kivalues of 0.024 ± 0.00062 and 0.041 ± 0.0028 μM, respectively. In reversibility tests, the changes in residual activity before and after the dialysis of MHC5and MHC4were similar to those of safinamide, a reversible MAO-B reference inhibitor. Additionally, molecular docking and dynamic simulations predicted that the lead molecules MHC5and MHC4could strongly bind to the MAO-B active site with docking scores of –10.92 ± 0.08 and –10.64 ± 0.14 kcal/mol, respectively. Additionally, MHC4and MHC5exhibited favorable ADME features, including blood–brain barrier permeability. The experiments confirmed that MHC5and MHC4are reversible and potent selective inhibitors of MAO-B and are promising candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (human health).

The cutting-edge innovations offer diverse opportunities in medicine; one such inductive approach is 3D bio-printing, in which cells and desired biomaterials cohesively synthesize living macro tissues. The rapidly increasing demand for reconstruction and restoration of highly intricate and responsive bone implants has encouraged bone tissue engineering to yield implants that substitute the native bone, both physically and biologically. As this technology is still in its infancy, different limitations can be encountered, such as the lack of in-depth characterization of scaffolds and limited visualization of a general framework, which can be overcome with further explorative studies. With computerized bio-fabrication, 3D printing aims to perfectly adapt implants, individually analyzing data at the level of cells, tissues, organs, and organic systems, ending this entire process under pre-bioprinting. The locus and susceptibility to bare load are primary considerations in selecting among widely available biomaterial options and printing techniques, including bio-ceramics, metals, bioinks, selective laser melting, directed energy deposition (laser or e-beam), and drop-on-powder printing. The addition of growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells allows the maintenance of the balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, the cartilage tissue formation, and contributes to the overall bone remodeling and regeneration processes. This review address and highlights relevant aspects on pre-bioprinting procedures, bio-materials selection, bio-printers, bone remodeling mechanism, and in-vivo responses of fibrin scaffold.

We present the chemical synthesis of polyethyleneimine-conjugated silver sulfide nanoparticles (PEI/AS) utilizing an economical solvothermal synthesis method, aimed at developing effective alternative antibacterial agents. The antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized materials, both with and without the application of near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, was evaluated in vitro against two distinct clinically relevant multi-drug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic strains: Escherichia coliand methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The bactericidal effects induced by NIR light indicate that the PEI/AS nanoparticles possess an efficiency that is five times greater than that of Ag2S alone. A suggested antibacterial mechanism posits that the wrapping of PEI increases electrostatic interactions, thereby facilitating the attachment of Ag2S nanoparticles to the bacterial surface. This process leads to the disruption of the outer membrane through the generation of localized heat and an increased concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anions (·O2–) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH). In addition, the mechanism involves the regulated release of Ag+ions when exposed to NIR light irradiation. The combined action led to an over 95.79% elimination of bacteria at a concentration as low as 50 μg mL−1, which can be primarily ascribed to the regulated photothermal effect induced by 808 nm near-infrared light irradiation, demonstrating exceptional photothermal conversion efficiency. These results paves a way for manufacturing innovation in future.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have received substantial research as manufacturing innovation and prospective photocatalysts for the degradation of organic contaminants due to large surface area, strong anionic exchange capacity, and tunable composition. In this study, we modified Mg/Al-LDHs with Ni and Cr to further enhance their performance in removing Methyl Orange (MO) an anionic dye widely used in textiles, cosmetics, and healthcare products. The modified Mg/Al-LDHs were synthesized using hydrothermal co-precipitation method and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The breakdown rate of MO under solar light was used for evaluating the material's photocatalytic activity. The outcomes demonstrated that the Ni/Mg/Al/Cr (LDH-4) photocatalysts degraded MO more quickly than the undoped substance. The addition of Cr to the Ni/Mg/Al matrix caused the band gap to develop new energy levels, which increased the material's photocatalytic activity. The Ni/Mg/Al doped with Cr has demonstrated tremendous potential as a photocatalysts for the MO degradation.

In the realm of public health, the rising threat caused by bacteria resistant to many drugs is a critical concern. In this work, we used the aqueous extract of mangosteen leaves to create zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) in an environmentally friendly manner. Through various analytical methods, we thoroughly characterized these biogenic ZnO NPs, including UV−visible, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy. ZnO NPs showed distinctive properties among different characterization techniques, including a small energy bandgap of 2.80 eV, a porous, a minimum crystalline size of 16.99 nm, an average particle size of 14.21 nm, and a spherical nanostructure. Additionally, we performed preliminary antibacterial experiments to assess ZnO NPs, copper oxide (CuO) NPs, and ZnO–CuO nanocomposites for antibacterial activity. Interestingly, ZnO NPs showed significant potential in suppressing the growth of Staphylococcus aureusATCC BAA-1026, Bacillus subtilisATCC 6633, Escherichia coliATCC 25922, and Klebsiella pneumoniaeATCC 13883, with decreasing order of minimum inhibitory concentrations: S. aureus= B. subtilis(15.63 μg·mL−1) > E. coli(62.50 μg·mL−1) > K. pneumoniae(125.00 μg·mL−1). These results highlight the potential of biogenic NPs, particularly ZnO NPs, as effective agents against multi-drug-resistant bacteria.

•Attachment of ZnO NPs to bacterial cell wall results in the disruption of the cell wall and cell breakage.•Formation of ROS leading to lipid peroxidation and destruction of bacterial cells.•ZnO NPs cause a dose-dependent oxidative stress and growth inhibition on Streptococcus pyogenes.

•The potential of using cyanobacteria for heavy metals detection in water bodies was determined.•The cyanobacteria Anabaena cylindricacould be used to indicate the presence of Cu, Pb, and Cd with the concentrations of 0.01 – 10.00 mg/L.•The cell culture age and cell density affects the response of the cyanobacteria to heavy metals.