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This study explores word class influence upon L1 and L2 word association. The participants included 26 L1 English speakers and 28 advanced EFL learners who finished an English word association test that involved three types of stimuli: nouns, verbs and adjectives. Response words to the stimuli were classified into paradigmatic, syntagmatic, encyclopedic and form-based categories. Results show that: 1) L2 mental lexicon largely resembled that of L1 English speakers in that both were dominated by paradigmatic association, but L2 syntagmatic association was obviously weaker than that of L1 across the three word classes; 2) Verbs and adjectives demonstrated a greater potential to elicit syntagmatic responses than nouns in both L1 and L2 association; 3) Compared with verbs and adjectives, nouns were more paradigmatically challenging to L2 learners.

In this work we show that the general singlet extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) can naturally provide a self-interacting singlino dark matter to solve the small cosmological scale anomalies (a large Sommerfeld enhancement factor can also be obtained). However, we find that the NMSSM (the singlet extension of the MSSM with Z3 symmetry) cannot achieve this due to the restricted parameter space. In our analysis we introduce the concept of symmetric and antisymmetric viscosity cross sections to deal with the nonrelativistic Majorana-fermion dark matter scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The displacement field around a dislocation loop had been calculated to give the diminishing factor of X-ray diffraction intensity from a fatigued Al sample. Experimentally had been measured this factor on the samples fatigued at room temperature and at low temperature. From these the size and density of dislocation loops can be deduced. Results show that in the sample fatigued at room temperature there is no significant change in dislocation structure while at low temperature in fatigued sample occurs a large amount of dislocation loops whose density is 1014-1017cm-3 while their radii are between 100 and 1000 Å.

Very recently, the XENON1T Collaboration has reported an intriguing electron recoil excess, which may imply light dark matter. To interpret this anomaly, we propose the atmospheric dark matter (ADM) from the inelastic collision of cosmic rays (CRs) with the atmosphere. Because of the boost effect of high-energy CRs, we show that the light ADM can be fast moving and successfully fit the observed electron recoil spectrum through the ADM-electron scattering process. Meanwhile, our ADM predicts the scattering cross section σe∼O(10-38-10-39  cm²) and thus can evade other direct detection constraints. The search for light meson rare decays, such as η→π+ET, would provide a complementary probe of our ADM in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose to introduce general messenger-matter interactions in the deflected anomaly mediated supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking (AMSB) scenario to explain the gμ - 2 anomaly. Scenarios with complete or incomplete grand unified theory (GUT) multiplet messengers are discussed, respectively. The introduction of incomplete GUT mulitiplets can be advantageous in various aspects. We found that the gμ - 2 anomaly can be solved in both scenarios under current constraints including the gluino mass bounds, while the scenarios with incomplete GUT representation messengers are more favored by the gμ - 2 data. We also found that the gluino is upper bounded by about 2.5 TeV (2.0 TeV) in scenario A and 3.0 TeV (2.7 TeV) in scenario B if the generalized deflected AMSB scenarios are used to fully account for the gμ - 2 anomaly at 3σ(2σ) level. Such a gluino should be accessible in the future LHC searches. Dark matter (DM) constraints, including DM relic density and direct detection bounds, favor scenario B with incomplete GUT multiplets. Much of the allowed parameter space for scenario B could be covered by the future DM direct detection experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]