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Polar metals have recently garnered increasing interest because of their promising functionalities. Here we report the experimental realization of an intrinsic coexisting ferromagnetism, polar distortion and metallicity in quasi-two-dimensional Ca3Co3O8. This material crystallizes with alternating stacking of oxygen tetrahedral CoO4monolayers and octahedral CoO6bilayers. The ferromagnetic metallic state is confined within the quasi-two-dimensional CoO6layers, and the broken inversion symmetry arises simultaneously from the Co displacements. The breaking of both spatial-inversion and time-reversal symmetries, along with their strong coupling, gives rise to an intrinsic magnetochiral anisotropy with exotic magnetic field-free non-reciprocal electrical resistivity. An extraordinarily robust topological Hall effect persists over a broad temperature–magnetic field phase space, arising from dipole-induced Rashba spin–orbit coupling. Our work not only provides a rich platform to explore the coupling between polarity and magnetism in a metallic system, with extensive potential applications, but also defines a novel design strategy to access exotic correlated electronic states.

Sliding mode control strategies have been widely used for tracking robot manipulators and have demonstrated their effectiveness. However, certain issues still persist. One of them is that tracking error may converge to a bounded region surrounding the origin, due to the sliding surface failing to reach zero. This can be so because system's motion depends on the designed sliding surface. In this article, a new sliding surface is proposed to enhance tracking performance with a fast convergence rate and minimum steady-state error. The sliding surface is formulated using the sliding variable value at the previous sampling instant, and the technique is therefore referred to as time-delay sliding mode control. The proposed control strategy offers several advantages: first, it achieves better precision without the need for increasing the number of tunable parameters; second, it can be readily extended to different types of sliding surfaces, without the need for complex architectures to decrease the steady-state error; third, it is robust against unknown dynamics and payload. Numerical simulations and practical experiments are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in enhancing tracking performance.

With the integration of internet of things (IoT) devices, cloud computing, and other digital technologies into chemical processes, the complexity and stealthiness of cyber-attacks have increased. To mitigate the impact of sensor cyber-attacks in chemical processes, this work presents a framework that develops physics-informed machine learning (PIML)-based detectors and resilient controllers for improving closed-loop performance of nonlinear system under cyber-attacks. The PIML detector is constructed through a customized loss function that integrates the domain knowledge of cyber-attacks into the training process. Additionally, upon detection of attacks, a knowledge-guided extended Kalman filter is developed to provide estimated states for resilient control prior to replacement by redundant sensors. A chemical process example is used to illustrate the application of the proposed PIML-based detection and resilient control methods to handle cyber-attacks.

Atherosclerosis management heavily relies on the suppression of the inflammatory response of macrophages. Colchicine’s potent anti-inflammatory properties make it a promising candidate for secondary prevention against cardiovascular disease. However, its high toxicity and numerous adverse effects limit its clinical use. To address this, there is an urgent need for specific drug delivery systems to boost the level of accumulation of colchicine within atherosclerotic plaques. In this study, the cluster of differentiation-44 receptor was verified to be overexpressed in inflammatory macrophages within plaques both in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, a Prussian blue-based nanomedical loading system with hyaluronic acid (HA) coating was constructed, and its effects were observed on the atherosclerosis regression. Colchicine and Cy5.5 were encapsulated within Prussian blue nanoparticles through self-assembly, followed by conjugation with hyaluronic acid to create col@PBNP@HA. The formulated col@PBNP@HA displayed a cubic shape and scattered distribution. Importantly, col@PBNP@HA demonstrated specific cellular uptake into lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. In vitro experiments showed that col@PBNP@HA more effectively inhibited expression of inflammatory factors and scavenged reactive oxygen species compared with the control group, which were treated with colchicine. Furthermore, col@PBNP@HA exhibited its specific and higher accumulation in aortic plaque analysis via fluorescence imaging of aortas. After 4 weeks, administration of col@PBNP@HA resulted in significant atherosclerosis regression in the mice model, with therapeutic effects superior to those of free colchicine. Similar to colchicine, col@PBNP@HA inhibited the secretion of inflammation factors and scavenged ROS through the regulation of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-?B) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1a (PGC-1a) signaling pathway. In summary, col@PBNP@HA demonstrated specific targeting ability to inflammatory plaques and exerted beneficial effects on atherosclerosis regression through TLR4/Myd88/NF-?B and PGC-1a modulation.

Endocytosis and lysosomal trafficking of cell surface receptors can be triggered by endogenous ligands. Therapeutic approaches such as lysosome-targeting chimaeras1,2(LYTACs) and cytokine receptor-targeting chimeras3(KineTACs) have used this to target specific proteins for degradation by fusing modified native ligands to target binding proteins. Although powerful, these approaches can be limited by competition with native ligands and requirements for chemical modification that limit genetic encodability and can complicate manufacturing, and, more generally, there may be no native ligands that stimulate endocytosis through a given receptor. Here we describe computational design approaches for endocytosis-triggering binding proteins (EndoTags) that overcome these challenges. We present EndoTags for insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) and asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), sortilin and transferrin receptors, and show that fusing these tags to soluble or transmembrane target protein binders leads to lysosomal trafficking and target degradation. As these receptors have different tissue distributions, the different EndoTags could enable targeting of degradation to different tissues. EndoTag fusion to a PD-L1 antibody considerably increases efficacy in a mouse tumour model compared to antibody alone. The modularity and genetic encodability of EndoTags enables AND gate control for higher-specificity targeted degradation, and the localized secretion of degraders from engineered cells. By promoting endocytosis, EndoTag fusion increases signalling through an engineered ligand–receptor system by nearly 100-fold. EndoTags have considerable therapeutic potential as targeted degradation inducers, signalling activators for endocytosis-dependent pathways, and cellular uptake inducers for targeted antibody–drug and antibody–RNA conjugates.

Atherosclerosis is the pathological cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which rapidly progresses during the cellular senescence. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) reduce major cardiovascular events in patients with ASCVD and have potential antisenescence effects. Here, we investigate the effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on cellular senescence in atherosclerotic mice. Compared with ApoE−/−control mice treated with normal saline, those in the ApoE−/−dapagliflozin group, receiving intragastric dapagliflozin (0.1 mg kg−1d−1) for 14 weeks, exhibited the reduction in the total aortic plaque area (48.8%±6.6% vs.74.6%±8.0%, P<0.05), the decrease in the lipid core area ((0.019±0.0037) mm2vs.(0.032±0.0062) mm2, P<0.05) and in the percentage of senescent cells within the plaques (16.4%±3.7% vs.30.7%±2.0%, P<0.01), while the increase in the thickness of the fibrous cap ((21.6±2.1) µm vs.(14.6±1.5) µm, P<0.01). Transcriptome sequencing of the aortic arch in the mice revealed the involvement of the PPARα and the fatty acid metabolic signaling pathways in dapagliflozin’s mechanism of ameliorating cellular aging and plaque progression. In vitro, dapagliflozin inhibited the expression of PPARα and its downstream signal FABP4, by which the accumulation of senescent cells in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) was reduced under high-fat conditions. This effect was accompanied by a reduction in the intracellular lipid content and alleviation of oxidative stress. However, these beneficial effects of dapagliflozin could be reversed by the PPARα overexpression. Bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking simulations revealed that dapagliflozin might exert its effects by directly interacting with the RXRA protein, thereby influencing the expression of the PPARα signaling pathway. In conclusion, the cellular senescence of aortic smooth muscle cells is potentially altered by dapagliflozin through the suppression of the RXRA-PPARα-FABP4 signaling pathway, resulting in a deceleration of atherosclerotic progression.

Abstract: Constrained multiobjective optimization problems (CMOPs) are widespread in reality. The presence of constraints complicates the feasible region of the original problem and increases the difficulty of problem solving. There are not only feasible regions, but also large areas of infeasible regions in the objective space of CMOPs. Inspired by this, this paper proposes a bidirectional coevolution method with reverse search (BCRS) combined with a two-stage approach. In the first stage of evolution, constraints are ignored and the population is pushed toward promising regions. In the second stage, evolution is divided into two parts, i.e., the main population evolves toward the constrained Pareto front (CPF) within the feasible region, while the reverse population approaches the CPF from the infeasible region. Then a solution exchange strategy similar to weak cooperation is used between the two populations. The experimental results on benchmark functions and real-world problems show that the proposed algorithm exhibits superior or at least competitive performance compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms. It demonstrates BCRS is an effective algorithm for addressing CMOPs. Graphical Abstract:

Triterpenoids are a large and medicinally important group of natural products with a wide range of biological and pharmacological effects. Among them, malabaricane-type triterpenoids are a rare group of terpenoids with a 6,6,5-tricyclic ring system, and a few malabaricane triterpene synthases have been characterized to date. Here, an arabidiol synthase AmAS for the formation of the malabaricane-type 6,6,5-tricyclic triterpenoid skeleton in astramalabaricosides biosynthesis was characterized from Astragalus membranaceus. Multiple sequence alignment, site-directed mutagenesis, and molecular docking of AmAS reveal that residues Q256 and Y258 are essential for AmAS activity, and the triad motif IIH725-727 was the critical residue necessary for its product specificity. Mutation of IIH725-727 with VFN led to the formation of seven tricyclic, tetracyclic, and pentacyclic triterpenoids (1–7). Glycosylation of malabaricane-type triterpenoids in the biosynthesis of astramalabaricosides was also explored. Three triterpenoids (1, 5, and 6) displayed potent inhibitory effects against influenza A virus in vitro. These findings provide insights into malabaricane-type triterpenoids biosynthesis in A. membranaceusand access to diverse bioactive triterpenoids for drug discovery.

Antiferroelectrics characterized by voltage-driven reversible transitions between antiparallel and parallel polarity are promising for cutting-edge electronic and electrical power applications. Wide-ranging explorations revealing the macroscopic performances and microstructural characteristics of typical antiferroelectric systems have been conducted. However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been fully unraveled, which depends largely on the atomistic processes. Herein, based on atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy, the deterministic phase transition pathway along with the underlying lattice-by-lattice details in lead zirconate thin films was elucidated. Specifically, we identified a new type of ferrielectric-like dipole configuration with both angular and amplitude modulations, which plays the role of a precursor for a subsequent antiferroelectric to ferroelectric transformation. With the participation of the ferrielectric-like phase, the phase transition pathways driven by the phase boundary have been revealed. We provide new insights into the consecutive phase transformation in low-dimensional lead zirconate, which thus would promote potential antiferroelectric-based multifunctional devices.

This article presents a gallium nitride (GaN) wideband millimeter-wave power amplifier (PA) incorporating the Chebyshev matching technique. The theoretical design method of the wideband $N$ -order Chebyshev matching network is proposed. Considering the insertion loss and circuit complexity, the second-order Chebyshev network is designed, which is implemented by transmission lines (TLs) and capacitors. Based on the designed matching network, a $K$ -band PA is designed. Fabricated in a 250-nm GaN process, our PA scores the highest in-band gain of 23.8 dB at 23.6 GHz, 28% fractional bandwidth across 18.5–24.5 GHz, 32% peak power added efficiency (PAE), and 4.5-W saturated output power. The power density is 0.96 W/mm2 and the chip area is $2.4\times1.95$ mm2.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and networked teaching have made great progress in recent years, especially the application of AI algorithms in teaching, which has been relatively mature. The online teaching of physical education (PE) courses is an important practice of networked teaching, but many colleges and universities ignore the importance of AI when carrying out such teaching work. Many colleges and universities have not played a good role in AI in teaching, which leads to inefficient PE teaching and low learning enthusiasm of students.

Inducing clear ferroelectricity in the quantum paraelectric SrTiO3is important for triggering methods to discover hidden phases in condensed matter physics. Several methods such as isotope substitution and freestanding membranes could introduce ferroelectricity in SrTiO3toward nonvolatile memory applications. However, the stable transformation from quantum paraelectric SrTiO3to ferroelectricity SrTiO3at room temperature still remains challenging. Here, we used multiple nano-engineering in (SrTiO3)0.65/(CeO2)0.35films to achieve an emergent room-temperature ferroelectricity. It is shown that the CeO2nanocolumns impose large out-of-plane strains and induce Sr/O deficiency in the SrTiO3matrix to form a clear tetragonal structure, which leads to an apparent room-temperature ferroelectric polarization up to 2.5 μC/cm2. In collaboration with density functional theory calculations, it is proposed that the compressive strains combined with elemental deficiency give rise to local redistribution of charge density and orbital order, which induce emergent tetragonality of the strained SrTiO3. Our work thus paves a pathway for architecting functional systems in perovskite oxides using a multiple nano-design.

Materials with multiple order parameters, typically, in which ferroelectricity and magnetism are coupled, are illuminative for next-generation multifunctional electronics. However, searching for such single-phase multiferroics is challenging owing to antagonistic orbital occupancy and chemical bonding requirements for polarity and magnetism. Appropriate multiferroic candidates have been proposed, but their practical implementation is impeded by the low working temperature, weak coupling between ferroic orders, or antiparallel spin alignment in magnetic sublattices. Here, we report a family of single-phase multiferroic materials in which high-temperature magnetism and voltage-switchable ferroelectricity are coupled. Using pulsed laser deposition, we have fabricated single-crystalline thin films incorporating a uniformly percolated open-shell dnframework, which are composed of Fe cations with B-site occupancy and exhibit long-range spin ordering into the displacive ferroelectric PbTiO3lattice, as demonstrated by atomically resolved chemical analysis. The tetragonal polar Pb(Ti1–x,Fex)O3(PFT(x), x≤ 0.10) family exhibits a switchable ferroelectric nature and magnetic interaction with a moderate coercive field of around 300 Oe at room temperature. Notably, the magnetic order even persists above 500 K, which is higher than already reported potential multiferroic candidates until now. Our strategy of merging a spin-ordered sublattice into inherent ferroelectrics via atomic occupancy engineering provides an available pathway for highly thermally stable multiferroic and spintronic applications.

Smart sensors are sensors with data processing functions. They are equipped with microprocessors capable of collecting, processing and exchanging data, and are the product of the integration of sensors and microprocessors. This article aims to study the impact of smart sensors and blockchain technology on sports data fusion, and introduces a hierarchical model of sports athletes corresponding to the motion capture data. A human motion coordination system and reliable construction algorithm based on reliability and probability are proposed. This paper also proposes a data integration algorithm that enables applications in blockchain technology to run at a high speed, which extends the life cycle of network sensors to a certain extent. Blockchain technology is to use blockchain data structure to verify and store data, use distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, use cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and use smart contracts composed of automated script codes. The experimental results of this article show that through the dynamic analysis algorithm of the smart sensor, it can be obtained that the visual range of the motion data is 22.5, and the network space value is 200. At the same time, it also shows that the use of distributed compressed sensing technology in blockchain technology can reduce the amount of information transmission in some aspects, and improve the speed and accuracy of data fusion.

This article presents a high-power wideband power amplifier (PA) with a four-way power-combining technique for $D$ -band high-resolution radar. The power combiner is based on a two-section Chebyshev impedance converter to achieve a large bandwidth (BW) and is realized with slow wave coplanar waveguides (S-CPWs) to reduce the insertion loss and chip area. Therefore, our developed technique can provide broadband and low-loss power-combining scheme in a very compact size. A high-power PA with four-way combining has been fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS bulk technology. The unit PA uses low- $k$ transformer-based coupled-resonator networks to realize wideband matching. The measured results of the PA prototype demonstrate the peak gain of 22.6 dB, the saturated output power of 16.2 dBm, and the peak power added efficiency of 8.6% at 135 GHz with a 3-dB BW of 28 GHz from 124 to 152 GHz. Meanwhile, the total area of this PA die is merely 0.66 $\times $ 0.73 mm.

This article develops a novel cost function (performance index function) to overcome the obstacles in solving the optimal tracking control problem for a class of nonlinear systems with known system dynamics via adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) technique. For the traditional optimal control problems, the assumption that the controlled system has zero equilibrium is generally required to guarantee the finiteness of an infinite horizon cost function and a unique solution. In order to solve the optimal tracking control problem of nonlinear systems with nonzero equilibrium, a specific cost function related to tracking errors and their derivatives is designed in this article, in which the aforementioned assumption and related obstacles are removed and the controller design process is simplified. Finally, comparative simulations are conducted on an inverted pendulum system to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed optimal tracking control strategy.

This work is concerned with the problem of replay attack detection for unmanned surface vehicles subject to bounded perturbations. A novel zonotopic noisy control input is designed to reveal the signature of replay attacks. The resulting performances of control loss and detection increased are characterized as the size of a steady-state set and a measurement deviation set, respectively. Sufficient conditions for optimizing the detection while guaranteeing a prescribed level of control performance are formulated as a Lyapunov equation. Simulation results demonstrate the validity and viability of the proposed method.

Longitudinal vehicle platooning provides one of the critical ancillary services in autonomous intelligent transportations for maintaining the appropriate longitudinal distance with preceding vehicles. In view of the vulnerabilities of control module to underlying denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, this paper designs a resilient controller for longitudinal vehicle platooning to realize security enhancement. Firstly, the DoS attacks on communication links from sensors to controllers are depicted by random Bernoulli variables. Then, robust mean-square asymptotic stability criteria are derived for the composite system model, based on which the resilient controller gains are obtained. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness of the presented resilient controller under different DoS attack probabilities.

Purpose: For fixed or hinged single cables, the vibration equation is well developed. However, the form of boundary constraints between fixed and hinged is used extensively for the single cable in practical engineering, such as the restraint of struts between multi-span cables. As the struts with different lengths and stiffness are placed in the single cable, the mode shape of the multi-span cables is affected significantly. Moreover, with the decrease in the aspect ratio of single-span cable, the effect of the cable bending stiffness cannot be overlooked. The above effects in single and multi-span cables are studied in the proposed model. Methods: The vibration equation of the multi-span cable is developed in two steps. To establish the vibration equation of the single cable with general elastic constraint, the constraints at the ends of the strut are simplified as the compression springs that can bear the pressure. The bending springs that can consider the bending stiffness are also set at both ends simultaneously, then the vibration equation of the single cable with a general elastic constraint can be derived. For a multi-span cable structure, the strut is simplified into the elastic constraints of a single-span cable. By combining the aforementioned vibration equations of single-span cables which have general constraints, the vibration equation of multi-span cables can be established. Results: The vibration frequency equations of m span multi-span cable with constraint stiffness are established, and the objective function optimization algorithm is validated. Conclusion: The analytical solution of the multi-span cable vibration equation in this paper is then validated by the comparison with the multi-span cable vibration model established by the finite element method. The comparison demonstrated that the proposed method is valid and practical.

In this article, a combined gradient descent-Barzilai Borwein (GD-BB) algorithm and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) output tracking control strategy was proposed for a family of nonlinear systems with unknown drift function and control input gain function. In such a method, a neural network (NN) is used to approximate the controller directly. The main merits of the proposed strategy are given as follows: first, not only the NN parameters, such as weights, centers, and widths but also the learning rates of NN parameter updating laws are updated online via the proposed learning algorithm based on Barzilai-Borwein technique; and second, the controller design process can be further simplified, the controller parameters that should be tuned can be greatly reduced. Theoretical analysis about the stability of the closed-loop system is manifested. In addition, simulations were conducted on a numerical discrete time system and an inverted pendulum system to validate the presented control strategy.

A distinctive slope stabilisation method that integrates two well-developed methods for slope stabilisation is analysed in this paper. The slope stabilisation method utilises embedded piles and geogrid-reinforced retaining walls with gabion basket wall facing. To study the effect of this integrated slope stabilisation method on the stability of the slope under the negative impacts of rainfall, a three-dimensional finite element model with fluid–solid coupling is adopted to indicate the rainfall infiltration process and investigate the corresponding slope responses. The shear strength reduction method is applied after fluid–solid coupling analysis to investigate the impact of various rainfall intensities and rainfall patterns on the stability of slopes with different configurations. The results from the comparison of slope responses among various configurations indicate that under the highest rainfall intensity, the integrated method improves the stability of the slope up to 41.2%and restrains the displacement increment of the road edge to a maximum of 12.5mm. The most critical rainfall pattern for the stability of the slope has also been recognised in terms of the factor of safety and the variation in the negative pore-water pressure of the slope. The numerical results indicate that the back-loaded rainfall pattern always yields the lowest factor of safety and induces the highest loss of matric suction, which can be 23kPa at the toe of the slope. Moreover, a comparison between two construction scenarios under various rainfall intensities was also conducted, which demonstrates that the reinforced filled slope configuration is preferable when the site conditions permit.

Although human society has developed to an unprecedented height in terms of politics, economy and culture, it is still impossible to avoid local wars, epidemics, earthquakes, fires, floods, snow disasters, mudslides, mine accidents, major traffic accidents, building collapses, and other disasters, causing heavy casualties and property losses. In the face of a sudden disaster, external support is impossible to arrive immediately, and the government rescue department is relatively short of manpower, requiring social rescue forces as an important supplement. Therefore, this paper will analyze the current situation of socialized emergency rescue organizations at home and abroad, and put forward some suggestions on the management policies of socialized emergency rescue organizations in Shanghai.

The uncertainty, immediate hazards, severe consequences and broad impact of medical emergencies are far beyond the scope of ordinary medical treatment, calling for special attention. The importance of constructing hospital emergency management system has been increasingly reflected. The system not only needs the practical solution of hospital management at the present stage, but also the working direction of the hospital management in the future. In this paper, the emergency satisfaction survey was conducted on the patients in two first-class tertiary hospitals in Shanghai. The service satisfaction scores of a hospital with integrated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine as well as a general hospital were 4.94±0.32and 4.99±0.14, respectively. There was a significant difference in the service satisfaction scores between the two hospitals (p<0.0001). Poor network signal was a vulnerability problem in the dimension of medical auxiliary facilities in both hospitals, accounting for the highest proportion. For the dimension of medical building, the main vulnerability problems were wall cracking and uneven ground, accounting for a high proportion. In the dimension of medical process, the parking inconvenience of a hospital with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine was particularly serious, accounting for 81.7%. In the dimension of medical service, the vulnerability of “medical staff overwork” in a general hospital was more prominent, accounting for 39.10%, which was significantly higher than that in a hospital with integrated TCM and Western medicine. In terms of service attitude, the vulnerability of the two hospitals was represented as the poor service attitude of doctors, nurses and managers. In the medical safety dimension of the two hospitals, “lack of assistance in emergencies” and “hospital equipment failures” were the main vulnerability issues. From the perspective of patients, this paper analyzed the current vulnerability problems of the hospital, identified the actual and potential risks of hospital emergency management and put forward suggestions on adjusting the spatial layout, strengthening internal management and comprehensively improving employees’ emergency awareness and skills. This will provide a reference for the hospital’s emergency management system to make necessary adjustments to meet the practical needs.

Introduction: We adopt the method of bibliometrics to analyze the annual volume of papers and author distribution in the field of campus emergency management in the past 43 years, to evaluate the main population and types of emergency in this study of campus emergency management, and to discuss the existing management methods. Thus, we explore the research hotspot, research gaps and provide reference for future research. Method: We made a statistical analysis of published literature through bibliometrics, searched relevant papers on campus emergency management in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases and included 364 valid literature works after screening. The characteristics were analyzed from multiple perspectives. Results: The research on campus emergency management is divided into three stages: “incubation period”, “fluctuating growth period” and “rapid development period”. Studies vary widely from continent to continent. There are many differences in the focus groups of different school types in the literature. The proportion of emergencies is divided into wound, disaster, school violence, illness and bombshell and others, accounting for 34.17%, 16.94%, 16.11%, 12.78%, 4.44% and 15.56%, respectively. Conclusion: Through the statistical analysis of English literature on campus emergency management from 1977 to 2020, it can be seen that the uneven distribution of research areas is very serious, and there is not much attention to special types of schools. The subdivision and management of the population are in continuous improvement. The research on campus emergency management has been continuously carried out and improved, with a promising prospect. Practical applications: This study can help explain the current situation and development trend of international campus emergency management, and provide reference for further research.

The arrangement of Al heteroatoms in zeolite frameworks influences turnover rates of Brønsted acid-catalyzed reactions and the speciation of exchanged metal cations and complexes that are active sites for redox catalysis. The substitution of Al for Si in zeolite frameworks generates anionic lattice charges and is thus influenced by the structure and charge density of the cationic structure directing agents (SDAs) that guide zeolite crystallization. Here, we investigate how framework Al structure and arrangements in chabazite (CHA) zeolites evolve as a function of hydrothermal treatment time as amorphous Al and Si precursors convert into partially and fully crystalline aluminosilicate phases in the presence of organic and inorganic SDAs. With N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantylammonium (TMAda+) as the sole SDA, an amorphous aluminosilicate network initially forms that contains a large fraction of proximal Al sites, as quantified by Co2+titration, which evolves into CHA crystallites that contain a high fraction of proximal Al sites in six-membered rings (6-MR). After bulk crystallization has been completed (433 K, 36 h), continued hydrothermal treatment causes rearrangement of framework Al to become more site-isolated, eventually resulting in CHA crystallites with undetectable numbers of 6-MR paired Al sites (433 K, 144 h). These temporal changes in framework Al arrangement indicate that Si–O–Al linkages remain labile and undergo restructuring within crystalline domains under hydrothermal conditions, allowing for atomic rearrangement toward thermodynamically preferred framework Al distributions (e.g., 6-MR isolated Al sites in the presence of TMAda+only). Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations report isolated Al configurations to be lower in energy than 6-MR Al pair configurations in a field of TMAda+, supporting a thermodynamic driving force for Al sites to isolate when TMAda+is the sole SDA. In contrast, using both Na+and TMAda+as inorganic and organic co-SDAs did not result in any further changes to the framework Al arrangement after CHA crystallization was complete (433 K, 96 h), suggesting that the co-occlusion of Na+and TMAda+suppresses the lability of framework Si–O–Al bonds and Al rearrangement in crystalline phases. AIMD simulations report 6-MR paired Al sites to become lower in energy than isolated Al configurations when charge-balanced by both Na+and TMAda+. These findings indicate that Al arrangements in zeolite frameworks can evolve upon extended hydrothermal treatment after bulk crystallization has been completed from amorphous Si and Al precursors and that such evolution is influenced by thermodynamic factors, extending prior reports of such phenomena occurring during interzeolite conversion routes.

The effective activation of persulfate relies on the excellent porosity and active sites of carbon materials, which play a pivotal role in catalytic performance during water treatment. In this study, a porous iron-carbon composite material (Fe-RC) was synthesized from coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) through an impregnation-calcination method for rhodamine B (RhB) removal in a peroxydisulfate (PDS) system. Fe-RC demonstrated outstanding catalytic performance, achieving a RhB removal rate of 99.9 % and a kinetic reaction rate of 0.0232 min−1. Characterization revealed that Fe-RC possessed a specific surface area of 476.93 m2·g−1with abundant microporous (30.89 %) and mesoporous (62.56 %) structures, providing a solid foundation for effective RhB removal. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that functional groups (C-O) and loaded iron species were primarily responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species (SO4•−, •OH, and O2•−). Moreover, electrochemical analyses demonstrated the significant impact of electron transfer on RhB removal. The loading of iron species enhanced the electron transfer capability of the composites, facilitating the extraction of electrons from RhB, and promoting RhB degradation through the non-radical pathway. Thus, Fe-RC derived from coal gasification slag is a potential catalytic material for efficient PDS activation, offering novel perspectives on the utilization of catalytic materials derived from CGFS and the high-value utilization of CGFS.

Electronic waste (e-waste) has increased because of the rapid replacement of electrical and electronic equipment. Owing to the increased emphasis on the dual properties of environmental contamination and metal resources, accurate identification of the e-waste recycling process is crucial. In this study, a product-level material flow analysis (MFA) is performed from a macroscopic social flow of waste TV sets in order to demonstrate the material metabolism of regional e-waste recycling. Previous studies have focused on the estimation of the quantity of e-waste generated or analyzing the overall amount of recycled resource output, the results derived from the estimation may have some unreliability, and our bottom-up research investigates the material flows that occur between the generation, collection and recycling of e-waste. MFA based on questionnaires and field research present accurate quantities and proportions of the recycling process. The results reveal that accelerating the construction of regional e-waste recycling systems and data networks and accurately identifying e-waste source, flow, and destination are required in order to improve resource efficiency toward carbon neutrality.

A simple abiological host–guest system demonstrates racemase activity with catalytic rate enhancements of 104without employing traditional functional groups. Cooperative weak interactions enhanced through shape-complementarity between the catalyst active site and the reaction transition state drive this activity, as proposed by Pauling for enzymes. In analogy to the Jencks’ concept of catalytic antibodies, it is shown that a hapten resembling the planar transition state of the bowl inversion acts as a potent inhibitor of this catalytic process. In contrast, no substrate/product inhibition is detected, and a relatively weak binding of the substrate is observed (Ka≈ 102M–1at 293 K). This simple box-and-bowl system demonstrates that shape selectivity arising from cooperative dispersive forces suffices for the emergence of a catalytic system with an enzyme-like thermodynamic profile.

Revisit intention is regarded as a crucial element for the sustainable development of tourism and leisure towns (TLTNs). Previous studies have separately examined the revisit intention from the perspective of service quality, memorable tourist experience (MTE) and satisfaction. However, research of the integration effect of product quality (tangible quality) and service quality (intangible quality) on tourist's revisit intention is limited. Based on 248 questionnaire data, this study explored the effect of tourism quality in the TLTNs on tourists' revisit intention with the mediating effect of MTE and satisfaction. Results showed that tourism quality positively influenced MTE and satisfaction that MTE positively influenced satisfaction and that satisfaction positively influenced revisit intention. Moreover, MTE partially mediated the relationship between tourism quality and satisfaction. Satisfaction exerted full mediating effects on the relationships between tourism quality and revisit intention and between MTE and revisit intention respectively. Both the theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

With the aim of improving the contribution rate of higher vocational education in social and economic growth, this paper analyses the role of higher vocational education in social and economic sustainable development. Firstly, the relationship between higher vocational education and sustainable development of social economy is analysed. According to the analysis results, the impact of higher vocational education on the input-output structure of sustainable development of social economy is analysed. Secondly, use Denison's educational econometric model to calculate the social economic growth rate. Finally, the contribution rate of higher vocational education to economic growth is analysed according to the calculation results. The experimental results show that the contribution rate of social and economic growth of this method can reach 11.3%, and the prediction accuracy of social and economic growth can reach 99.66%, which verifies the effectiveness of this method.

Manipulating the insulator–metal transition in strongly correlated materials has attracted a broad range of research activity due to its promising applications in, for example, memories, electrochromic windows and optical modulators1,2. Electric-field-controlled hydrogenation using ionic liquids3–6and solid electrolytes7–9is a useful strategy to obtain the insulator–metal transition with corresponding electron filling, but faces technical challenges for miniaturization due to the complicated device architecture. Here we demonstrate reversible electric-field control of nanoscale hydrogenation into VO2with a tunable insulator–metal transition using a scanning probe. The Pt-coated probe serves as an efficient catalyst to split hydrogen molecules, while the positive-biased voltage accelerates hydrogen ions between the tip and sample surface to facilitate their incorporation, leading to non-volatile transformation from insulating VO2into conducting HxVO2. Remarkably, a negative-biased voltage triggers dehydrogenation to restore the insulating VO2. This work demonstrates a local and reversible electric-field-controlled insulator–metal transition through hydrogen evolution and presents a versatile pathway to exploit multiple functional devices at the nanoscale.

Traditional ceramics or metals cannot simultaneously achieve ultrahigh strength and high electrical conductivity. The elemental carbon can form a variety of allotropes with entirely different physical properties, providing versatility for tuning mechanical and electrical properties in a wide range. Here, by precisely controlling the extent of transformation of amorphous carbon into diamond within a narrow temperature–pressure range, we synthesize an in situ composite consisting of ultrafine nanodiamond homogeneously dispersed in disordered multilayer graphene with incoherent interfaces, which demonstrates a Knoop hardness of up to ~53 GPa, a compressive strength of up to ~54 GPa and an electrical conductivity of 670–1,240 S m–1at room temperature. With atomically resolving interface structures and molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that amorphous carbon transforms into diamond through a nucleation process via a local rearrangement of carbon atoms and diffusion-driven growth, different from the transformation of graphite into diamond. The complex bonding between the diamond-like and graphite-like components greatly improves the mechanical properties of the composite. This superhard, ultrastrong, conductive elemental carbon composite has comprehensive properties that are superior to those of the known conductive ceramics and C/C composites. The intermediate hybridization state at the interfaces also provides insights into the amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition of carbon.

Compared with integral-order calculus, fractional calculus is better at depicting the real process with memory property and history-dependent property. As a result, this work investigates a class of nonlinear strict-feedback fractional-order systems and presents a novel control strategy. To begin, in order to cope with the unknown drift functions and unmeasurable system states, fuzzy logic systems (FLSs)and a robust fractional-order state observer are designed. Second, in order to further reduce the FLS approximation error and state estimation error, a hyperbolic tangent function is implemented. Third, the problem of the differential explosion caused by repeated differentiation when employing the backstepping technique when designing a control scheme is also overcome without the help of a command filter or dynamic surface control. Finally, theoretical analysis and simulation results show that by combining the backstepping procedure with the sliding mode technique, not only is it possible to achieve strong robustness against unknown drift function and unknown external time-varying disturbance, but also that the tracking error can converge to the vicinity of the origin.

Flexoelectricity is an effective tool in modulating the crystallographic structures and properties of oxides for multifunctional applications. However, engineering the nonuniform strain to obtain tunable flexoelectric behaviors at the atomic scale remains an ongoing challenge in conventional substrate-imposed ferroelectric films. Here, the regulatable flexoelectric behaviors are demonstrated at atomic scale in [110]-oriented BiFeO3thin films, which are triggered by the strain-field coupling of high-density interfacial dislocations. Using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, the asymmetric polarization rotation around the single dislocation is revealed, which is induced by the gradient strain fields of the single dislocation. These strain fields are highly correlated to generate huge strain gradients between neighboring dislocations, and thereby, serial flexoelectric responses are engineered as a function of dislocation spacings in thicker BiFeO3films. This work opens a pathway for the modulation of flexoelectric responses in ferroelectrics, which could be extended to other functional materials to create exotic phenomena.

ABSTRACTThe Intensive Supervision Mechanism (hereafter referred to as ISM) is one of the most important institutional management innovations for air pollution control in China, but there is currently no consensus on the effects of the ISM on air quality improvement. In this study, a reliable quantitative model based on the Difference-in-Differences (DID) analysis was designed to evaluate the impacts of ISM on air quality (as indicated by good air quality days (hereafter referred to as GAD) and the concentrations of six major air pollutants (i.e. PM2.5, PM10, O3_8H, NO2, SO2, and CO)), in China with focuses on the implementation cities of Henan Province. To optimize the model design, six meteorological factors, five socio-economic indicators, and VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) data were also considered as alternative control variables for more comprehensive and effective results. In addition, the redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo simulation were conducted to determine the optimal combination of those control variables which can best reflect the changes in explanatory variables. The main findings are as follows: (1) the statistical model applied in this study can well evaluate the impacts of ISM; (2) the implementation of ISM can significantly reduce the concentrations of SO2,CO, and NO2, but the improvements for PM2.5, PM10, GAD and O3_8H were not significant. (3) the potential for air quality improvement due to ISM tends to be reduced over time, and thus the positive effects of ISM at its second stage were not increased significantly compared with those observed during its first stage. In general, those results not only demonstrate the effectiveness of ISM on air quality improvement, but also provide insights into how the ISM can be optimized to gain a sustained improvement of the ambient air quality in the future.Implications: As a policy measure implemented by the Chinese government, the Intensive Supervision Mechanism (ISM) has significantly contributed to the improvement of air quality since its execution. However, the potential for air quality improvement due to ISM tends to be reduced over time, and thus the positive effects of ISM at its second stage were not increased significantly compared with those observed during its first stage. In addition, the implementation of ISM requires a large amount of financial investment, and thus has limited sustainability. Considering the increased difficulty of this policy instrument, whether to insist on the ISM warrants further analyses on its cost and effectiveness. More importantly, more targeted measures of ISM should be applied to decrease the ozone concentration in the future.

SrTiO3is generally paraelectric with centrosymmetric structure exhibiting unique quantum fluctuation related ferroelectricity. Here we reveal highly polar and periodic polarization waves in SrTiO3at room temperature, which is stabilized by periodic tensile strains in a sandwiched PbTiO3/SrTiO3/PbTiO3structure. Scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals that periodic a/cdomain structures in PbTiO3layers exert unique periodic tensile strains in the ultrathin SrTiO3layer and consequently make the highly polar and periodic states of SrTiO3. The as-received polar SrTiO3layer features peak polar ion displacement of ∼0.01 nm and peak tetragonality of ∼1.07. These peak values are larger than previous results, which are comparable to that of bulk ferroelectric PbTiO3. Our results suggest that it is possible to integrate large and periodic strain state in oxide films with exotic properties, which in turn could be useful in optical applications and information addressing when used as memory unit.

This paper investigates a novel strategy which can address the fault-tolerant control (FTC) problem for nonlinear strict-feedback systems containing actuator saturation, unknown external disturbances, and faults related to actuators and components. In such method, the unknown dynamics including faults and disturbances are approximated by resorting to Neural-Networks (NNs) technique. Meanwhile, a back-stepping technique is employed to build a fault-tolerant controller. It should be stressed that the main advantage of this strategy is that the NN weights are updated online based on gradient descent (GD) algorithm by minimizing the cost function with respect to NNs approximation error rather than regarding weights as adaptive parameters, which are designed according to Lyapunov theory. In addition, the convergence proof of NN weights and the stability proof of the proposed FTC method are given. Finally, simulation is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in dealing with unknown external disturbances, actuator saturation and the faults related to the components and actuators, simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial manufacture generates a huge quantity of emulsion wastewater, which causes serious threats to the aquatic ecosystems. Water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions are two major types of emulsions discharged by industries. However, dual separation of W/O and O/W emulsions remains a challenging issue due to the contradictory permselectivity for separating the two emulsions. In the present investigation, the amphiphilicity-derived regional wetting mechanism of water and oil on the amphiphilic collagen fibers was revealed based on the combination of numerous experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Electrostatic interactions and van der Waals force were manifested to be the driving forces of regional wetting in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, respectively. The regional wetting endowed amphiphilic collagen fibers with underwater oleophobicity and underoil hydrophilicity, which enabled dual separation of emulsions by selectively retaining the dispersed water phase of W/O emulsions in the hydrophilic regions while the dispersed oil phase of O/W emulsions in the hydrophobic regions. The achieved separation efficiency was higher than 99.98%, and the flux reached 3337.6 L m–2h–1. Initial wetting status significantly affects the regional wetting-enabled dual separation. Based on the MD simulations, amphiphilic intramolecular conformations of tropocollagen were suggested to be the origins of regional wetting on collagen fibers. Our findings may pave the way for developing high-performance dual separation materials that are promising to be utilized for the practical treatment of emulsion wastewater.

Adult lung resident stem/progenitor cells, including P63+progenitor cells, have demonstrated the capacity for regeneration of lung epithelium in preclinical models. Here, we report a clinical trial of intrapulmonary P63+progenitor cell transplantation in 28 participants with stage II to IV chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Autologous P63+progenitor cells were isolated from the airway basal layer of participants in the intervention group via bronchoscopic brushing, cultured for 3 to 5 weeks, and then transplanted back into the lungs via bronchoscopy at 0.7 × 106to 5.2 × 106cells per kilogram of body weight. Twenty patients were evaluable at the end of the study (intervention group, n= 17; control group, n= 3). No grade 3 to 5 adverse events (AEs) or serious AEs occurred. Although bronchoscopy-associated AEs were recorded in participants in the intervention group, other AEs were not substantial different between groups. Twenty-four weeks after transplantation, participants in the intervention group displayed improvement in gas transfer capacity [diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) change from baseline: +18.2%], whereas the control group experienced a decrease (DLCO change from baseline: −17.4%; P= 0.008). Furthermore, participants in the intervention group showed >30-meter increase in walking distance within 6 minutes. Transcriptomic analysis of progenitor cells isolated from responding and nonresponding individuals in the intervention group showed that higher expression of P63was associated with treatment efficacy. In conclusion, transplantation of cultured P63+lung progenitor cells was safe and might represent a potential therapeutic strategy for COPD.

Explicit machine learning-based model predictive control (explicit ML-MPC) has been developed to reduce the real-time computational demands of traditional ML-MPC. However, the evaluation of candidate control actions in explicit ML-MPC can be time-consuming due to the nonconvex nature of machine learning models. To address this issue, we leverage Input Convex Neural Networks (ICNN) to develop explicit ICNN-MPC, which is formulated as a convex optimization problem. Specifically, ICNN is employed to capture nonlinear system dynamics and incorporated into MPC, with sufficient conditions provided to ensure the convexity of ICNN-based MPC. We then formulate mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) problems based on the candidate control actions derived from the solutions of multiparametric quadratic programming (mpQP) problems within the explicit ML-MPC framework. Optimal control actions are obtained by solving real-time convex MIQP problems. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through two case studies, including a chemical reactor example, and a chemical process network simulated by Aspen Plus Dynamics, where explicit ML-MPC written in Python is integrated with Aspen dynamic simulation through a programmable interface.

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and histone deacetylases (HDAC) are both attractive epigenetic targets in cancer and other chronic diseases. Based on the integrated fragment-based drug design, synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo evaluations, a series of novel thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based hydroxamic acid derivatives are discovered as selective BRD4–HDAC dual inhibitors. Compound 17cis the most potent inhibitor for BRD4 and HDAC with IC50values at nanomolar levels, as well as the expression level of c-Myc, and increases the acetylation of histone H3. Moreover, 17cpresents inhibitory effects on the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells via inducing autophagic cell death. It also has a good pharmacokinetic profile in rats and oral bioavailability of 40.5%. In the HCT-116 xenograft in vivo models, 17cdisplays potent inhibitory efficiency on tumor growth by inducing autophagic cell death and suppressing IL6–JAK–STAT signaling pathways. Our results suggest that the BRD4–HDAC dual inhibition might be an attractive therapeutic strategy for CRC.

A BF3·OEt2-catalyzed cascade cyclization reaction of vinyloxirane with coumarin is described, affording the benzocoumarin derivatives with moderate to excellent yields (72–92%). The reaction demonstrates exceptional substrate tolerance and has been extensively explored for its potential in drug development, including scale-up experiments, functional group transformations, and screening of the products for anticancer activity. Moreover, the reaction mechanism has been rigorously validated through intermediate trapping and control experiments. Additionally, this reaction represents the uncommon nonmetal catalyzed intermolecular cyclization of vinyloxiranes.

The diterpenoid ester ingenol mebutate (IngMeb) is the active ingredient in the topical drug Picato, a first-in-class treatment for the precancerous skin condition actinic keratosis. IngMeb is proposed to exert its therapeutic effects through a dual mode of action involving (i) induction of cell death that is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction followed by (ii) stimulation of a local inflammatory response, at least partially driven by protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Although this therapeutic model has been well characterized, the complete set of molecular targets responsible for mediating IngMeb activity remains ill-defined. Here, we have synthesized a photoreactive, clickable analogue of IngMeb and used this probe in quantitative proteomic experiments to map several protein targets of IngMeb in human cancer cell lines and primary human keratinocytes. Prominent among these targets was the mitochondrial carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase SLC25A20, which we show is inhibited in cells by IngMeb and the more stable analogue ingenol disoxate (IngDsx), but not by the canonical PKC agonist 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). SLC25A20 blockade by IngMeb and IngDsx leads to a buildup of cellular acylcarnitines and blockade of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), pointing to a possible mechanism for IngMeb-mediated perturbations in mitochondrial function.

Sebaceous glands (SGs), as holocrine-secreting appendages, lubricate the skin and play a central role in the skin barrier. Large full-thickness skin defects cause overall architecture disruption and SG loss. However, an effective strategy for SG regeneration is lacking. Organoids are 3D multicellular structures that replicate key anatomical and functional characteristics of in vivotissues and exhibit great potential in regenerative medicine. Recently, considerable progress has been made in developing reliable procedures for SG organoids and existing SG organoids recapitulate the main morphological, structural and functional features of their in vivocounterparts. Engineering approaches empower researchers to manipulate cell behaviors, the surrounding environment and cell–environment crosstalk within the culture system as needed. These techniques can be applied to the SG organoid culture system to generate functionally more competent SG organoids. This review aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in SG organoid engineering. It highlights some potential strategies for SG organoid functionalization that are promising to forge a platform for engineering vascularized, innervated, immune-interactive and lipogenic SG organoids. We anticipate that this review will not only contribute to improving our understanding of SG biology and regeneration but also facilitate the transition of the SG organoid from laboratory research to a feasible clinical application.

The reliability of an Engine Electronic Controller (EEC) attracts attention, which has a critical impact on aircraft engine safety. Reliability assessment is an important part of the design phase. However, the complex composition of EEC and the characteristic of the Phased-Mission System (PMS) lead to the difficulty of assessment. This paper puts forward an advanced approach, considering the complex products and uncertain mission profiles to evaluate the Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) in the design phase. The failure mechanisms of complex components are deduced by Bayesian Deep Learning (BDL) intelligent algorithm. And copious samples of reliability simulation are solved by cloud computing technology. Based on the result of BDL and cloud computing, simulations are conducted with the Physics of Failure (PoF) theory and Failure Behavior Model (FBM). This reliability assessment approach can evaluate MTBF of electronic products without reference to physical tests. Finally, an EEC is applied to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the method.

Four unusual cyclopeptides, zelkovamycins B–E (1–4), were isolated from an endophytic Kitasatosporasp. Zelkovamycin B was featured by an unprecedented 3-methyl-5-hydroxypyrrolidine-2,4-dione ring system linked to the cyclopeptide skeleton. Their structures and full configurations were established by spectroscopic analysis, Marfey’s method, and NMR calculations. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for zelkovamycins was proposed based on gene cluster analysis. Zelkovamycin E displayed potent inhibitory activity against H1N1 influenza A virus.