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This study examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and different types of chief executive officer (CEO) turnover. Our findings, based on a sample of over 2500 US firms, clarify how CSR engagement relates to CEO turnover by reason and source of new CEO. Firms with higher CSR measures are positively associated with the firing of CEOs and negatively associated with normal retirements. Low-CSR firms are more likely to experience contender successions that indicate a power struggle within the firm's management. This relationship becomes stronger when other members of the top management team (TMT) leave the firm at the time of CEO turnover. The results suggest that CSR is an indicator of good corporate governance.

The rock mechanical properties and elastic anisotropy of terrestrial shale oil reservoirs are affected by various factors, such as lithology, structure, pores, fractures, and fluids. The experimental study of dynamic and static elastic properties can provide important mechanism analysis for the prediction of geological and engineering “sweet spots” in shale reservoirs. There are a large number of studies on the measurement of static mechanical properties of shale, but the experiments on dynamic cross-band elastic anisotropy of terrestrial shale have not yet been conducted thoroughly. Therefore, we report the anisotropic dispersion mechanism of favorable lithofacies (lamellar dolomitic shale, with vertical and horizontal bedding) in the inter-salt shale oil reservoir of the Qianjiang Formation for different confining pressures and fluid saturation conditions. The experiments were conducted by the cross-band rock physics measurement technology that comprised low-frequency stress-strain measurements and a high-frequency ultrasonic test. The experimental results indicated that: (1) The elastic property dispersion of the terrestrial shale was stronger than that of marine shale due to the high viscosity of the medium oil in the terrestrial shale. The lamellar structures and interbedded fractures were the main factors that determined the strong anisotropy of the terrestrial shale. (2) The dispersion of elastic properties from low to high frequencies in a partial oil saturation state ranged from strong to weak; the wave-induced fluid flow or intrinsic dissipation of viscoelastic inclusions may be the dominant mechanisms that caused the seismic dispersion. (3) The elastic parameters measured in the direction vertical to the bedding plane had stronger dispersion and pressure sensitivity than those measured in the direction parallel to the bedding plane, and the anisotropy and pressure sensitivity at seismic frequencies were higher than those at the ultrasonic frequencies. (4) Fluid filling reduced the pressure sensitivity of the elastic parameters along the direction vertical to the bedding plane, whereas the opposite trend was observed along the direction parallel to the bedding plane. (5) The anisotropic Gassmann theory could explain the P-wave velocity well at an extremely low frequency, but the prediction of S- and P-wave velocities at a relatively high frequency remained insufficient. Overall, our study can serve as a reliable mechanism reference for the study of frequency-dependent properties of azimuthal anisotropy, and provide important guidance for the seismic prediction of “sweet spots” in shale oil reservoirs.

Platform well fracturing is essential for the efficient development of unconventional oil and gas (UOG), and it has been widely applied in oilfields. Field practices have revealed that various fracturing methods result in different stimulation performances, but the mechanisms responsible for these differences are not completely understood. To explore the characteristics of the inter-well stress interference of various platform well fracturing methods, a numerical model was established for the systematic assessment of the stress field of simultaneous fracturing, zipper fracturing (ZF), modified zipper fracturing, and synergic fracturing (SF). Based on these analyses, balanced stress fracturing (BSF) has been proposed to significantly reduce the horizontal stress difference. This study indicates that the fracturing methods significantly impact the evolution of induced stress, and that ZF and SF can achieve a balanced stress field and the utilization of an inter-well reservoir through a reasonable fracture distribution mode and fracturing operation. Combined with the interlaced fracture distribution mode, interactive fracturing, and overall front parallel fracturing, BSF can improve the fracture network complexity (FNC) and reduce the risk of casing deformation. Moreover, BSF helps achieve higher production and a more uniform stress field in platform well fracturing. This study presents an effective measure to increase FNC and reduce the occurrence of casing deformation during UOG development.

T- lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-LL) is an aggressive malignancy of immature T-cells with poor overall survival (OS) and in need of new therapies. LIM-domain only 2 (LMO2) is a critical regulator of hematopoietic cell development that can be overexpressed in T-LL due to chromosomal abnormalities. Deregulated LMO2 expression contributes to T-LL development by inducing block of T-cell differentiation and continuous thymocyte self-renewal. However, LMO2 expression and its biologic significance in T-LL remain largely unknown. We analyzed LMO2 expression in 100 initial and follow-up biopsies of T-LL from 67 patients, including 31 (46%) early precursor T-cell (ETP)-ALL, 26 (39%) cortical and 10 (15%) medullary type. LMO2 expression was present in 50 (74.6%) initial biopsies with an average of 87% positive tumor cells (range 30–100%). LMO2 expression in ETP, medullary and cortical T-LLs was not statistically different. In patients with biopsies after initial therapy, LMO2 expression was stable. LMO2 expression was associated with longer OS (p= 0.048) regardless of T-lymphoblast stage or other clinicopathologic features. These findings indicate that LMO2 is a promising new prognostic marker that could predict patients' outcomes and potentially be targeted for novel chemotherapy, i.e. PARP1/2 inhibitors, which have been shown to enhance chemotherapy sensitivity in LMO2 expressing diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tumors by decreasing DNA repair efficiency.

Nodular lymphocyte–predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) with unusual features, including some that can overlap morphologically with classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL), have been described. Herein, we describe 12 cases of NLPHL with fibrous bands and capsular fibrosis resembling, in part, nodular sclerosis (NS) CHL. Seven of 12 cases harbored Reed-Sternberg–like cells, further suggestive of CHL, but all cases lacked associated eosinophils and/or plasma cells in the background. In this cohort, all cases had areas of so-called pattern D (nodular T-cell rich) as a sole component in 7 (58%) cases or as a hybrid pattern along with pattern E (diffuse T-cell/histiocyte-rich) in 5 (42%) cases. The immunophenotype of the large neoplastic cells in these cases supported their being lymphocyte predominant cells of NLPHL, positive for CD20, CD79a, and OCT2, and negative for CD15 and CD30. However, PAX5 was weak in 9 of 11 cases similar to Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells in CHL. We conclude that some cases of NLPHL are associated with fibrous bands and capsular fibrosis and resemble, in part, NS CHL. In our experience, NLPHL with NS-like features occurs in 10% to 15% of cases of NLPHL and is associated with a variant pattern (D and/or E). In addition, all patients in this cohort were not treated before biopsy, suggesting that the prominent sclerosis in these cases is inherent to disease biology. Recognition of NLPHL with NS-like features further expands the morphologic spectrum of NLPHL and helps avoid potential misdiagnosis as CHL.

Traditional Chinese villages act as the essential carriers of China’s rural heritage. Such villages are considered to retain living practices of intangible heritage through know-how, artistic and folk customs, as well as a well-preserved architectural appearance. However, their conservation is at stake due to degradation, abandonment, and urbanization. Spatial cognition is one way of bringing people to the matter of what is important to conserve (attributes) and why they are important (values). This is done by analysing how people perceive and value rural heritage. Traditional methods of gathering spatial cognition data, such as laborious fieldwork or subjective qualitative analyses, often fall short of providing a holistic representation of real-world experiences. This article presents an innovative method for analysing cognitive features in traditional village spaces using an immersive virtual reality equipped with an eye-tracking system. We selected Cheng and Jitou, two traditional Chinese villages, as our case studies. In two virtual reality environments, we captured accurate 3D cognitive data, including participants’ locomotion, gaze point, and sightline. The results indicate that the accessibility of village roads affects the distribution of people’s locomotion, which in turn affects the distribution of people’s areas of interest; the changes in the rhythm of the sightline scale reflect the rhythm of spatial changes in the villages. By broadening the understanding of spatial cognition in traditional Chinese villages related to people’s values, this paper sheds light on an alternative approach to assess the cultural significance of such villages for higher conservation and sustainability.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with KMT2A(MLL) rearrangement is known for monocytic or myelomonocytic differentiation, but the full immunophenotypic spectrum and dynamic changes of the immunophenotype in this genetically defined disease have not been systematically studied. We reviewed the immunophenotype, karyotype, and mutations at the time of initial diagnosis and relapse of adults with AML with KMT2Arearrangement in our institution between 2007 and 2020. We identified 102 patients: 44 men and 58 women with a median age of 52 years (range, 18–87). Forty‐three patients were considered to be therapy‐related. Twenty‐four out of 64 patients relapsed from complete remission after induction therapy, 34 had persistent/progressive disease, and 58 patients died with a median overall survival of 17 months. We detected five immunophenotypes: immature monocytic (38%); myelomonocytic (22%); myeloblastic (22%); mature monocytic (10%); and acute promyelocytic (APL)‐like (8%). By chromosomal breakpoints, we presumed 11 different partners; t(9;11) (p22;q23)/MLLT3‐KMT2Awas the most common rearrangement (n= 56, 55%), followed by t(6;11) (q27;q23)/AFDN‐KMT2A(n= 13,13%). Patients with t(6;11) (q27;q23)/AFDN‐KMT2Apreferentially showed a myeloblastic phenotype (p= 0.026). Mutations were detected in 39/64 (61%) cases, and RAS pathway (NRAS/KRAS/PTPN11) was involved in 26/64 (41%) cases. None of the APL‐like cases had mutations detected. At the time of disease relapse, 10/24 (42%) showed major immunophenotypic change, and 7/10 cases gained additional cytogenetic and/or molecular alterations. The immunophenotype of AML with KMT2Arearrangement is more diverse than previously recognized, with a substantial subset showing no evidence of monocytic differentiation. Major immunophenotype change is common at the time of relapse.

T- lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-LL) is an aggressive malignancy of immature T-cells with poor overall survival (OS) and in need of new therapies. LIM-domain only 2 (LMO2) is a critical regulator of hematopoietic cell development that can be overexpressed in T-LL due to chromosomal abnormalities. Deregulated LMO2 expression contributes to T-LL development by inducing block of T-cell differentiation and continuous thymocyte self-renewal. However, LMO2 expression and its biologic significance in T-LL remain largely unknown. We analyzed LMO2 expression in 100 initial and follow-up biopsies of T-LL from 67 patients, including 31 (46%) early precursor T-cell (ETP)-ALL, 26 (39%) cortical and 10 (15%) medullary type. LMO2 expression was present in 50 (74.6%) initial biopsies with an average of 87% positive tumor cells (range 30–100%). LMO2 expression in ETP, medullary and cortical T-LLs was not statistically different. In patients with biopsies after initial therapy, LMO2 expression was stable. LMO2 expression was associated with longer OS (p= 0.048) regardless of T-lymphoblast stage or other clinicopathologic features. These findings indicate that LMO2 is a promising new prognostic marker that could predict patients’ outcomes and potentially be targeted for novel chemotherapy, i.e. PARP1/2 inhibitors, which have been shown to enhance chemotherapy sensitivity in LMO2 expressing diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tumors by decreasing DNA repair efficiency.

After the completion of multi-stage fracturing operation, the fluid pressure in artificial fracture network continues to decrease, resulting in the closure of fracture and the variation of local induced stress field. This process can also lead to the variation of fracture propagation pattern in the subsequent fracturing stages. To better guide fracturing design, the time effect of stress field was researched. A numerical method was used to solve the induced stress around a propped fracture, and analyze the influence of formation properties and treatment parameters on its change. Then, the characteristics of stress field with different closure times and its influence on subsequent fracture were investigated. Finally, the evolution of the stress field in two stimulated wells was analyzed using the instantaneous shut-in pressure. The results show that the original horizontal stress difference, fluid pressure in fracture, fracture length, fracture angle, and amount of proppant have significant effects on the variation of induced stress field. The stress field of formation with undeveloped natural fractures decreases quickly with the rapid closure of hydraulic fractures due to the rapid drop in fluid pressure, but the stress field remains relatively constant after the fracture is fully propped. For formation with developed low angle natural fractures, the stimulated stage promotes subsequent fracture propagation and improves fracturing efficiency. The fluid pressure declined slowly and is non-uniformly distributed during the closure of the complex fracture network. Therefore, the magnitude and scope of the induced stress vary unevenly with the closure time, and there is a reasonable treatment time to form complex fractures during hydraulic fracturing. This study provides new insights into fracturing operation.

In this article, the model predictive control scheme is studied for a class of multiple-input multiple-output linear systems with different transient trajectories among the outputs. To eliminate the transient errors among the outputs, a modified model predictive control scheme is designed making one output track following the reference while the other outputs track following this output instead of the reference. Utilizing the specified output as the alternative reference for all the other outputs, a constructive model predictive control scheme is developed to diminish the differences of the transient-state trajectories among each output such that both the uniformity of the transient-state trajectories and the optimal steady-state trajectories are achieved. The effectiveness of the proposed transient uniformity model predictive control scheme is demonstrated in the experiment of the semiconductor wafer manufacturing baking process. The experimental results show that the transient uniformity model predictive control scheme has successfully reduced the integral square error of transient-state uniformity between any two outputs by 90% as compared to the conventional model predictive control scheme. The robustness of the proposed scheme has also been experimentally evaluated in the presence of external disturbance and plant modeling inaccuracy.

Based on the prescription information of low back pain obtained from the hospital electronic medical record system, this paper first analyses the efficacy of drugs, the rules of drug such as four qi and five taste, and then the Apriori algorithm is used to find the association rules of prescription drugs. Finally, the high-order logic analysis method based on probability logic is used to mine the high-order logic relationship of prescription drugs.

A novel composite (CDs@ZIF-8) based on carbon dots (CDs) and zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) was successfully synthesized by encapsulating CDs into the pores of ZIF-8 through a simple one-pot solvothermal method. The as-synthesized CDs@ZIF-8 inherited simultaneously the strong adsorption capacity of ZIF-8 and the excellent optical properties of CDs. The composite exhibited excellent dispersibility and high structural and fluorescence stability in aqueous solution, which could be employed as an excellent turn-off mode fluorescent probe to detect Cu2+. The large specific surface area and strong adsorption properties of ZIF-8 enabled the resultant composite to effectively enrich Cu2+for further improving the analytical sensitivity. The possible fluorescence quenching mechanism has also been discussed in detail and it was found that the effective fluorescence quenching of Cu2+to CDs@ZIF-8 could be attributed to the strong ability of Cu2+to combine with the carboxyl group or amino group on the CD surface and the strong adsorption capacity of ZIF-8; their synergistic effect resulted in effective fluorescence quenching.

Shale gas reservoirs contain a large number of natural fractures. When shear slip occurs during hydraulic fracturing, it will increase reservoir permeability and improve the reservoir stimulation performance. Because shale contains a large amount of clay and organic matter, its shear slip behavior differs from that of other rocks. In this study, the shear behavior of different shale blocks is experimentally studied, and the proportion of clay and organic matter in the shale dominates the shear slip behavior. Specifically, the friction coefficient and shear strength decrease with the increasing content of clay and organic matter. A microscopic support model was developed to describe the different shear slip behaviors for different contents of clay and organic matter. When the clay and organic matter content is lower than a critical threshold (~35%), shale is microscopically grain supported and brittle shear occurs and the material is prone to shear dilation. When this content is greater than a critical content (~43%), the microscopic structure is a matrix‐supported fabric and plastic shear occurs, which is prone to shear contraction. Shale with contents between these two critical thresholds has a mixed‐support fabric, which is a transition type between brittle and plastic shear. If the proportion of clay and organic matter is less than ~35%, the natural fracture tends to dilate and retain a certain degree of opening after shearing, improving stimulation performance. When the proportion is more than ~43%, shear contraction occurs on the natural fracture surface, which is not conductive and cannot increase reservoir permeability. Friction coefficient and shear strength decrease with increasing proportion of clay and organic matterDeveloped microscopic support model to describe different shear slip behaviors for different proportions of clay and organic matterLower clay content is easy to dilate after shear slip, thus improving reservoir permeability

Malignancy probability models for pulmonary nodules (PN) are most accurate when used within populations similar to those in which they were developed. Our goal was to develop a malignancy probability model that estimates the probability of malignancy for PNs considered high enough risk to recommend biopsy.

Mammalian cells are surrounded by neighbouring cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), which provide cells with structural support and mechanical cues that influence diverse biological processes1. The Hippo pathway effectors YAP (also known as YAP1) and TAZ (also known as WWTR1) are regulated by mechanical cues and mediate cellular responses to ECM stiffness2,3. Here we identified the Ras-related GTPase RAP2 as a key intracellular signal transducer that relays ECM rigidity signals to control mechanosensitive cellular activities through YAP and TAZ. RAP2 is activated by low ECM stiffness, and deletion of RAP2 blocks the regulation of YAP and TAZ by stiffness signals and promotes aberrant cell growth. Mechanistically, matrix stiffness acts through phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) to influence levels of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidic acid, which activates RAP2 through PDZGEF1 and PDZGEF2 (also known as RAPGEF2 and RAPGEF6). At low stiffness, active RAP2 binds to and stimulates MAP4K4, MAP4K6, MAP4K7 and ARHGAP29, resulting in activation of LATS1 and LATS2 and inhibition of YAP and TAZ. RAP2, YAP and TAZ have pivotal roles in mechanoregulated transcription, as deletion of YAP and TAZ abolishes the ECM stiffness-responsive transcriptome. Our findings show that RAP2 is a molecular switch in mechanotransduction, thereby defining a mechanosignalling pathway from ECM stiffness to the nucleus. The Ras-related GTPase RAP2 is a key intracellular signal transducer by which extracellular matrix rigidity controls mechanosensitive cellular activities through YAP and TAZ.

A fundamental question in rock physics is how the coupling of confining stress and pore pressure influences geophysical properties, which is manifested by the effective stress behavior of the porous rock. We investigated the effective stress behavior of four water‐saturated limestones with porosities ranging from 13% to 30%. Unlike previous experimental studies limited to the permeability, we also characterized the effective stress coefficients for pore volume change and bulk strain. The pore spaces of three of the limestones (two allochemical oolitic and one micritic) have significant fractions of macropores and micropores. In these three limestones with dual porosity the effective stress coefficients for permeability and pore volume change were observed to be consistently greater than 1, even though that for axial strain was less than 1. In a microscopically homogeneous assemblage, the effective stress coefficients for permeability, bulk volumetric strain, and pore volume change are predicted to be equal to or less than unity. Our data therefore show that these limestones cannot be modeled as microscopically homogeneous. Berryman (1992a, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB01593) and Berryman (1992b, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.46.3307) analyzed theoretically a rock made up of two porous constituents, and our experimental data are in agreement with inequalities he derived for effective stress coefficients of such an assemblage. For comparison, we studied the Leitha limestone that is made up predominately of macropores. Our data showed that all three effective stress coefficients in this case were less than unity, as predicted for a microscopically homogeneous assemblage. Our study is the first integrated investigation of the effective stress behaviors for both permeability and deformation in limestonesFour limestones with a diversity of microstructural attributes were investigatedFor limestones with dual porosity effective stress coefficients for permeability and pore volume change were observed to be consistently greater than 1

The adsorption capacity of a solid amine adsorbent for CO2adsorption is often limited by the number of amino groups on the adsorbent surface. In this paper, a kind of ultrafine solid amine fiber (PSN) was prepared by direct electrospinning of polyethylenimine blends, which could provide plentiful amino groups on the fiber surface without further modification and would improve the CO2adsorption capacity and amino utilization efficiency of the fibrous adsorbent. The effects of the adsorbent structure on the CO2adsorption performance of PSN was investigated. The results indicated that the fibrous structure and higher outer surface area of PSN can greatly improve its adsorption capacity and adsorption rate for CO2. Under the simulated flue gas conditions (90% N2/10% CO2) at 25 °C, the CO2adsorption capacity of PSN fiber is 2.10 mmol/g, and its CO2adsorption capacity could reach 4.98 mmol/g at 75 °C. The diameter of the fiber obviously affects the CO2adsorption behavior of the solid amine adsorbents; an increase of the fiber diameter would result in the decrease of the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents. PSN has good regeneration stability, and its CO2adsorption performance remained almost unchanged after a number of regeneration cycles.

The stress shadow effect of hydraulic fractures not only alters the magnitude and direction of in-situ stress but also switches the stress regime, which affects the fracture propagation pattern and causes instability of natural fractures during unconventional fossil energy development. To better understand the switch of the stress regime, a single hydraulic fracture was utilized to analyze the mechanism of stress regime transformation around the fracture. Then, a multifracture dynamic propagation model was established to investigate the stress regime transformation in the case of the mutual interference of multiple fractures. In addition, a model of natural fracture activation and a finite element model were used to evaluate the influence of stress regime transformation on the slip tendency of natural fractures and analyze the propagation pattern of hydraulic fractures, respectively. The results show that the nonuniform induced stress of hydraulic fractures in the vertical and horizontal directions changes the original stress regime. The lower Poisson's ratio, higher stress difference, longer fracture length, higher fracture height, smaller cluster spacing, more clusters and higher net pressure contribute to stress regime transformation. The stress regime of unconventional fossil energy production areas such as Changning, Weiyuan and Zhaotong in Sichuan Basin is transformed from strike-slip to reverse types during hydraulic fracturing. The stress regime transformation from strike-slip to reverse types leads to the activation of low dip angle and high strike angle natural fractures that were originally in a stable state, and motivates the opening of bedding and casing deformation. This conclusion can help to guide hydraulic fracturing design and operation.

Introduction:The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification considers acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with PML-RARA, RUNX1-RUNX1T1, and CBFB-MYH11to be AML regardless of blast count. Myeloid neoplasms with KMT2Arearrangement present with high blast percentages and are classified as AML in the vast majority of cases; however, rare myeloid neoplasms with KMT2Arearrangement may present with <20% blasts and these are currently considered to be myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). We questioned whether these oligoblastic KMT2Arearranged neoplasms shared similar biology with AML, and if this genetic finding should be considered to be AML-defining.

Ravandi: AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Prelude: Research Funding; Taiho: Honoraria, Research Funding; Xencor: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astex: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Jazz: Honoraria, Research Funding; Agios: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Syros Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Issa: Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kura Oncology: Consultancy, Research Funding; Syndax Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Pozdnyakova: Scopio Labs: Consultancy. Wang: Stemline Therapeutics: Honoraria.

•A graphene network is fabricated through cross-linking reaction.•The DAAQ molecule is used as a molecule pillar to keep graphene sheets apart.•The bifunctional pillar in the gallery of graphene sheets is electrochemically active.•The pillared graphene network can deliver a high specific capacitance.

•Simple & cheap.•Co3S4/PANI, a new and high performance 3D electrode material, derived from ZIF-67 and applied to supercapacitors for the first time.•The specific capacitance of Co3S4/PANI is up to 1106 F•g−1, which is up to 11 times that of the ZIF-67.•Excellent cyclic stability of Co3S4/PANI (86% @20000).

The mediastinum contains essentially all major intrathoracic organs except for the lungs. A variety of both benign and malignant tumors can involve the mediastinum, of which lymphoma is the most common malignancy. Compared to secondary mediastinal involvement by systemic lymphomas, primary mediastinal lymphomas are less common with several specific entities that are mainly confined to mediastinal lymph nodes, and/or thymus. This review will summarize the clinical, histologic, immunophenotypic and molecular genetic features of the most common and most aggressive primary mediastinal lymphomas as well as provide suggested immunohistochemistry panels and differential diagnoses.

•The material derived from used dry batteries saves the waste of resources.•The in-situ grown nanoflower Re-GO@NiS2has ultrahigh specific capacitance.•Assembled ASC shows high energy and power density and superior cycling stability.