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Hydrogel electrolytes have been widely explored in flexible zinc batteries owing to their considerable mechanical strain and water-retaining properties. However, it is difficult to balance the contradiction between the ionic conductivity and the mechanical strength due to the deterioration of structural stability with the addition of electrolyte salts. To address this, we designed a coassembling organic–inorganic hydrogel (P–P/M) based on poly(vinyl alcohol)-polyacrylamide (P–P) interpenetrating matrix decorated with Zn-based montmorillonite (Zn-MMT). The Zn-MMT with overall negative potential can attract and regulate the transport of Zn2+, while the Brønsted/Lewis acid sites with positive polarizations offer anchoring sites for anions, which increases the cation transference number and reduces byproduct formation. Moreover, the formation of hydrogen bonds in the hydrogel can weaken the contact between free water molecules and the zinc cations, which effectively suppresses the corrosion of zinc foil. Consequently, the Zn//Zn cell with P–P/M electrolyte delivers a long cycle life of 2400 h at 0.5 mA cm–2. The good mechanical properties of the P–P/M hydrogel boost its application in flexible pouch cells even under bending and cutting conditions. This study provides an effective approach to designing organic–inorganic hydrogel electrolytes for long-life flexible zinc batteries.

MgAl2O4ceramics possess outstanding mechanical properties, making them promising for use as reinforcing or interfacial modulating phase in Al-based metal composites. The challenge lies in the insufficient interatomic potential parameters to accurately characterize the MgAl2O4/Al interfacial interactions, which hampers a detailed understanding of the interfacial strengthening mechanisms at the atomic level. Since the pair potential satisfies the requirements for computational efficiency and accuracy, it has been widely used for investigating the interfacial properties of composite materials. In this study, the interatomic potential parameters for Al–Mg and Al–Al bonds were derived from Buckingham potential, while those for Al–O bonds were obtained from Morse potential via first principles calculations. The uniaxial tensile mechanical properties and interface-dislocation strengthening mechanisms of MgAl2O4/Al interface configuration were explored through molecular dynamics simulations. The analyses reveal that the strength enhancement of the MgAl2O4/Al interface is due to the generation of a large number of immovable 1/6<110> stair-rod dislocations therein. The thickness of MgAl2O4layer significantly influences the mechanical properties. Below a thickness of 20 Å, the presence of movable dislocations reduces the strengthening effect. Conversely, increasing the thickness of MgAl2O4encourages the emergence of immovable dislocations and increases the flow stress, while the corresponding yield strain decreases. These insights open up new prospects in the development of aluminum metal matrix composites with enhanced performance.

Uncertainty exists about whether lowering systolic blood pressure to less than 120 mm Hg is superior to that of less than 140 mm Hg, particularly in patients with diabetes and patients with previous stroke.

Modern rose (Rosa hybrida) is a recently formed interspecific hybrid and has become one of the most important and widely cultivated ornamentals. Here we report the haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome assembly of the tetraploid R. hybrida‘Samantha’ (‘JACmantha’) and a genome variation map of 233 Rosaaccessions involving various wild species, and old and modern cultivars. Homologous chromosomes of ‘Samantha’ exhibit frequent homoeologous exchanges. Population genomic and genomic composition analyses reveal the contributions of wild Rosaspecies to modern roses and highlight that R. odorataand its derived cultivars are important contributors to modern roses, much like R. chinensis‘Old Blush’. Furthermore, selective sweeps during modern rose breeding associated with major agronomic traits, including continuous and recurrent flowering, double flower, flower senescence and disease resistance, are identified. This study provides insights into the genetic basis of modern rose origin and breeding history, and offers unprecedented genomic resources for rose improvement.

As a high mortality disease, cancer seriously affects people's life and well-being. Reliance on pathologists to assess disease progression from pathological images is inaccurate and burdensome. Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system can effectively assist diagnosis and make more credible decisions. However, a large number of labeled medical images that contribute to improve the accuracy of machine learning algorithm, especially for deep learning in CAD, are difficult to collect. Therefore, in this work, an improved few-shot learning method is proposed for medical image recognition. In addition, to make full use of the limited feature information in one or more samples, a feature fusion strategy is involved in our model. On the dataset of BreakHis and skin lesions, the experimental results show that our model achieved the classification accuracy of 91.22% and 71.20% respectively when only 10 labeled samples are given, which is superior to other state-of-the-art methods.

By combing the shortcomings of the current quantitative securities trading, a new deep reinforcement learning modeling method is proposed to improve the abstraction of state, action and reward function; on the basis of the traditional DQN algorithm, a deep reinforcement learning algorithm model of RB_DRL is proposed. By improving the network structure and connection mode, and redefining the loss function of the network, the improved model performs well in many groups of comparative experiments. A securities quantitative trading system based on deep reinforcement learning is designed, which organically combines models, strategies and data, visually displays the information to users in the form of web pages to facilitate users' use and seeks the trading rules of the financial market to provide investors with a more stable trading strategy. The research results have important practical value and research significance in the field of financial investment.

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Quadruple therapy comprising 2 antibiotics, a proton pump inhibitor, and bismuth, is recommended for Helicobacter pylorieradication in China. This Phase 1, double‐blind, parallel‐group study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of bismuth‐containing vonoprazan‐ or esomeprazole‐based quadruple therapy in H. pylori–positive healthy subjects at a single site in China. Quadruple therapy comprising vonoprazan 20 mg or esomeprazole 20 mg with bismuth potassium citrate 600 mg (equivalent to bismuth 220 mg), clarithromycin 500 mg, and amoxicillin 1000 mg was administered twice daily for 2 weeks. Forty‐four subjects were enrolled, 22 each in the vonoprazan (mean age, 34.5 years; men, 63.6%) and esomeprazole (mean age, 31.6 years; men, 59.1%) groups. Day 14 bismuth plasma pharmacokinetic parameters area under the plasma concentration–time curve during a dosing interval (geometric mean ratio, 1.07 [90% confidence interval, 0.82–1.40]) and maximum observed plasma concentration (geometric mean ratio, 1.30 [90% confidence interval, 0.94–1.81]) were similar between the treatment groups. At Day 42 follow‐up, 100% and 94.4% of subjects were H. pylorinegative in the vonoprazan and esomeprazole groups, respectively. The incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events was similar between the groups, with no serious adverse events. No new safety concerns were identified. In conclusion, vonoprazan had no significant effect on plasma bismuth exposure compared with esomeprazole.

Effect of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the aging behavior and tensile properties of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy was investigated. Results show that DCT of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy produces plastic deformation of about 0.2% and high-density dislocations in the α-Al matrix. These dislocations cut second-phase particles in under-aged Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy, resulting in a decrease in the size of Ω precipitates and an increase in the number density, thereby weakening the adverse effects of DCT on the tensile properties of the alloy.

Efficient heat dissipation that can minimize temperature increases in device is critical in realizing electrical injection lasers. High-thermal-conductivity diamonds are promising for overcoming heat dissipation limitations for perovskite lasers. In this study, we demonstrate a perovskite nanoplatelet laser on a diamond substrate that can efficiently dissipate heat generated during optical pumping. Tight optical confinement is also realized by introducing a thin SiO2gap layer between nanoplatelets and the diamond substrate. The demonstrated laser features a Qfactor of ∼1962, a lasing threshold of 52.19 µJ cm−2, and a low pump-density-dependent temperature sensitivity (∼0.56 ± 0.01 K cm2µJ−1) through the incorporation of the diamond substrate. We believe our study could inspire the development of electrically driven perovskite lasers.

The kagome metal CsV3Sb5features an unusual competition between the charge-density-wave (CDW) order and superconductivity. Evidence for time reversal symmetry breaking (TRSB) inside the CDW phase has been accumulating. Hence, the superconductivity in CsV3Sb5emerges from a TRSB normal state, potentially resulting in an exotic superconducting state. To reveal the pairing symmetry, we first investigate the effect of nonmagnetic impurity. Our results show that the superconducting critical temperature is insensitive to disorder, pointing to conventional s-wave superconductivity. Moreover, our measurements of the self-field critical current (Ic,sf), which is related to the London penetration depth, also confirm conventional s-wave superconductivity with strong coupling. Finally, we measure Ic,sfwhere the CDW order is removed by pressure and superconductivity emerges from the pristine normal state. Our results show that s-wave gap symmetry is retained, providing strong evidence for the presence of conventional s-wave superconductivity in CsV3Sb5irrespective of the presence of the TRSB.

A heterophase junction TiO2catalyst with brookite and anatase (MT-200-BA) was prepared viaa facile one-step solvothermal method, based on the initial construction of the MIL-125(Ti) metal organic framework (MOF) precursor and subsequent structure transformation from the MOF precursor to brookite@anatase heterojunction TiO2. The fabricated catalysts have been fully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2adsorption–desorption, thermogravimetry (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and various spectral and electrochemical tests. It was found that the unique nanostructure with a high specific surface area and large pore diameter, particularly brookite@anatase heterophase junctions and a narrow band gap make the MT-200-BA catalyst exhibit a significantly enhanced solar-driven H2generation rate under air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5 G), which is significantly higher than those of MIL-125(Ti), MT-180-MA and commercial P25. In addition, the MT-200-BA catalyst has also shown excellent photocatalytic performance for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). The synthesis strategy adopted in this paper paves a new way for the construction of novel photocatalysts with heterojunctions viaphase transformation from MOFs.

Solution-processed all-inorganic lead halide perovskites are widely utilized to develop photodetectors (PDs) due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. The low-cost titanium nitride (TiN) electrode not only has better corrosion resistance than Ag electrode but also possesses good conductivity comparable to Au electrode, but the utilization of TiN electrode in perovskite PDs has been rarely reported. Here, based on all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized through the supersaturated recrystallization method, a high-performance metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM)-type PD with a photo-to-dark-current ratio (PDCR) above $10^{4}$ and a dynamic range (DR) of 164 dB was demonstrated by employing the low-cost TiN electrode. It indicates that the PD with TiN electrode maintains a dark current as low as that of PD with Au electrode, while that with Ag electrode is hundreds of times inferior. It also reflects that the photocurrent of the PD with TiN electrode is quite close to that of the Au electrode counterpart, which exhibits a 161 times improvement with respect to the PD with Ag electrode. Moreover, the TiN electrode PD demonstrates a much better stability relative to the device with Ag electrode. Our work contributes to developing low-cost, high-performance PDs based on solution-processed semiconductors.

The computational methods of protein-protein interaction sites prediction can effectively avoid the shortcomings of high cost and time in traditional experimental approaches. However, the serious class imbalance between interface and non-interface residues on the protein sequences limits the prediction performance of these methods. This work therefore proposed a new strategy, NearMiss-based under-sampling for unbalancing datasets and Random Forest classification (NM-RF), to predict protein interaction sites. Herein, the residues on protein sequences were represented by the PSSM-derived features, hydropathy index (HI) and relative solvent accessibility (RSA). In order to resolve the class imbalance problem, an under-sampling method based on NearMiss algorithm is adopted to remove some non-interface residues, and then the random forest algorithm is used to perform binary classification on the balanced feature datasets. Experiments show that the accuracy of NM-RF model reaches 87.6% and 84.3% on Dtestset72 and PDBtestset164 respectively, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed NM-RF method in differentiating the interface or non-interface residues.

According to the Correa model, the intestinal‐type gastric cancer (GC) is preceded by premalignant lesions, including chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. However, the dynamic change of innate and adaptive immune response during this process has not been studied comprehensively. In this study, we performed a comprehensive and trajectory analysis of circulating innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and adaptive Th lymphocytes subtypes in patients spanning a cascade of gastric lesions. Increased circulating ILC2s frequency was found in the gastritis, premalignant stage and GC group, whereas further decreased ILC2s were detected in the GC group compared with the premalignant group. Moreover, ILC3s level was higher in both gastritis, premalignant lesion and GC stage, compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, up‐regulated T follicular helper (Tfh) cell proportions were detected in the gastritis and premalignant process. In conclusion, by analyzing the circulating ILCs and Th cells frequency and the key cytokine production or immunoglobulin level, we demonstrated the potential involvement of ILC3 and Tfh in the gastric diseases. These findings will help to understand the immunologic mechanisms in both GC and the premalignant process and contribute to serve potential therapeutic targets to prevent the GC development. A trajectory analysis of circulating ILCs and adaptive T cell lymphocytes subtypes in patients spanning a cascade of gastric lesions.

Kastenschmidt et al.1present a groundbreaking organoid culture model for follicular lymphoma, which is capable of maintaining stable compositions of B and T cells. This model is utilized in testing bispecific antibodies in effective killing of tumor B cells with the activation of T cells.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text

Stretchable sensors are essential for flexible electronics, which can be made with polymer elastomers as the matrix. The main challenge in producing practical devices is to obtain polymers with mechanical stability, eco-friendliness, and self-healing properties. Herein, we introduce urea bonds and 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) to synthesize tailored waterborne polyurethanes (WPU-UPy-x) with a hierarchical hydrogen bond (H-bond). Accordingly, sound tensile performance (strength: 53.33 MPa, toughness: 128.97 MJ m–3), satisfying deformation recovery, and good self-healing capability of the WPU-UPy-xfilm are demonstrated. With atomic force microscope characterization, we find that UPy groups contribute to the highly improved microphase separation of WPU-UPy-x, responsible for good mechanical properties. As a proof of concept, a strain sensor is successfully configured, thanks to the good interfacial interactions between the polyurethane matrix and the Ti3C2TxMXene conductive filler, which features sensitive and stable performance for monitoring diverse human and mechanical motions. Intriguingly, this sensor is capable of self-healing after cutting and displays well-retained sensitivity to detect the stretched signal. The as-proposed design concept for healable and sensitive strain sensors can shed light on future wearable electronics.

The neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) genes including NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 encode the tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) proteins TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC, respectively. So far, two TRK inhibitors, larotrectinib sulfate (LOXO-101 sulfate) and entrectinib (NMS-E628, RXDX-101), have been approved for clinical use in 2018 and 2019, respectively. To overcome acquired resistance, next-generation Trk inhibitors such as selitrectinib (LOXO-195) and repotrectinib (TPX-0005) have been developed and exhibit effectiveness to induce remission in patients with larotrectinib treatment failure. Herein, we report the identification and optimization of a series of macrocyclic compounds as potent pan-Trk (WT and MT) inhibitors that exhibited excellent physiochemical properties and good oral pharmacokinetics. Compound 10was identified viaoptimization from the aspects of chemistry and pharmacokinetic properties, which showed good activity against wild and mutant TrkA/TrkC in in vitroand in vivostudies.

We measured the distance from the cervicovaginal junction to the uterovesical peritoneal reflection to provide gynecologists an expected incision length of the supravaginal septum during transvaginal hysterectomy.

We employed transient absorption spectroscopy to investigate the temperature-dependent carrier dynamics of FAPb(Br0.4I0.6)3nanocrystals (NCs). The carrier dynamics involved the hot-carrier (HC) cooling process, carrier–carrier interactions, and carrier recombination. With an increase in the absorbed photon flux or a decrease in the temperature, the HC cooling process slowed down and other carrier dynamics processes accelerated simultaneously. Moreover, the decrease in temperature caused the FAPb(Br0.4I0.6)3NCs to pass through a cubic α-phase (Pm3̅m, #221) to a tetragonal β-phase (P4/mbm, #127) at around 175 K, and then retain the tetragonal β-phase (P4/mbm, #127) until 77 K. The β-phase showed a narrowing band gap, a small longitudinal-optical (LO) phonon energy, and a reduction in shallow defects compared with the α-phase. These factors together influence the carrier dynamics and the carrier temperature (TC) cooling process in different crystal structures. These results demonstrate that temperature-dependent spectral analysis is essential for unraveling carrier dynamics in organic–inorganic halide perovskites.

Achieving a desirable combination of good mechanical properties and healing efficiency is a great challenge in the development of self-healing elastomers. Herein, a class of tough and strong self-healing polyacrylate elastomers (denoted as HPs) was developed simply by free-radical copolymerization of n-butyl acrylate (nBA) and tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) and a subsequent hydrolysis reaction rather than direct copolymerization of nBA and acrylic acid (AA). The tiny difference in reactivity between nBA and tBA makes the structural units of the copolymer easy to control. Precise regulation of molecular composition can be realized just by varying the relative monomer content, making its mechanical properties to vary from ductile to robust. Strikingly, when HP samples are cut off within the gauge length, they can heal into coherent and smooth samples and recover at least 79% of the original strength. Hydrogen bond interactions serve as physical cross-linking points, contributing to the high mechanical performance (fracture energy of up to 73.78 MJ·m–3and tensile strength of up to 17.80 MPa) as well as shape memory function. Moreover, the HP samples emit strong fluorescence when exposed to a 365 nm UV lamp and exhibit an aggregation-enhanced emission effect in the state of dissolution.

In two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), the understanding of exciton, trion, and biexciton has improved significantly. However, the characteristics of the biexciton and the corresponding interaction mechanism still need further discussion. Here, transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy accompanied by a strong probe laser is employed to investigate the ultrafast biexciton characteristics in monolayer MoS2. The B–B biexciton would appear under the condition of weak probe laser with the pump photon energy of 3.10 eV. As the intensity of probe laser increases, the A–A and B–B biexciton would form together. Their binding energy are estimated to 34.6 and 54.6 meV according to the TA spectra, and the corresponding lifetime are 21.6 and 7.5 ps, respectively. The probe intensity dependent peak shift behavior of A–A and the B–B biexciton suggests that the short-range interactions should be responsible for the biexciton annihilation process. These results can help explain the ultrafast exciton dynamics in the monolayer TMDCs for a broader range of fundamental research and practical applications.

It is well known that palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling Suzuki reaction is very important way to build organic compound carbon skeleton. However, when some reactants such as chlorobenzene are used as substrates which has low reactivity, only moderately low yields were obtained using such kind of mobilized catalyst, Insufficient loading on the normal carrier, the problem of easy aggregation of palladium and large particle size of Pd were considered as reasons of it. A novel magnetic mesoporous Fe3O4@Void@mSiO2nanochains with yolk-shell structure have been first developed to solve the problems via magnetic-field induced distillation-precipitation polymerization together with a facile sol-gel method and the final calcination. Interestingly, we found that some pleated layers grown on the surface of Fe3O4@void@mSiO2nanochains during the hydrolysis of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550) and special microstructures endow them with excellent porosity which are helpful for increasing the loading capacity of Pd nanoparticles. Owing to high aspect ratio and superparamagnetism, the magnetic nanochains can rotate in the water or organic solution and be separated and recycled easily with the drive of alternating magnetic field. In this catalysis system, the orderly mesoporous opening structure of the hollow mesoporous nanochains could effectively facilitate the transfer of reactant molecules, and the existence of the internal cavities would effectively prolong the action time of the Pd nanoparticles for the Suzuki reaction. The reaction yields of coupling reaction between bromobenzene/chlorobenzene and phenylboronic acid catalyzed by the nanochains can reach nearly 100% respectively. and the reaction yields can still maintain 92.93% and 60.86% after 7 cycles, respectively.

This study sought to describe baseline health-related quality of life (HRQL) in the PARAGON-HF (Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ARB Global Outcomes in HFpEF) trial, the largest heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) trial to date.

Four polyoxotungstate solid state structures comprising discrete and polymeric architectures based on CeIIIcomplexes of monolacunary Wells-Dawson-type anions [α2-PV2WVI17O61]10–, isolated as [NMe4]7Li4K3[{Ce(H2O)3(α2-P2W17O61)}2]·35H2O (KLT-1), [NMe4]8Na2[Ce(H2O)7]2[{Ce(CH3COO)(H2O)4(α2-P2W17O61)}2]·32.5H2O (NT-2), [NMe4]8K0.5Na1.5[Ce(H2O)7]2[{Ce(H2O)1.5(CH3COO)(α2-P2W17O61)}2]·22H2O (KNT-3), and [NMe4]3Li[Ce(H2O)7][Ce(H2O)4(α2-P2W17O61)]·15H2O (LT-4), illustrate the structural flexibility of CeIIIions, here imparted by their variable coordination numbers, with respect to their incorporation into polyoxometalate clusters versus their role in intercluster bridging in the solid state. While KLT-1comprises discrete dimeric {CeP2W17}2clusters, NT-2and KNT-3represent coordination polymers of linear {(Ce)(CeP2W17)}nstrands, every two of which are paired via acetate bridges to yield a ladder-like topology. Finally, LT-4features the same {(Ce)(CeP2W17)}nstrands but in alternating orientation, enabling the formation of a 2D net. The title compounds have been isolated and fully characterized via single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, IR spectroscopy, and SQUID magnetometry. The discrete polyanion [{Ce(H2O)3(α2-P2W17O61)}2]14–(1) exhibits considerable stability in aqueous medium and interesting electrochemical behavior associated with redox transitions of its CeIIIand WVIcenters.

To maximize light coupling into the active layer, plasmonic nanostructures have been incorporated into both active layers of organic solar cells (OSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with the aim of increasing light absorption, but reports have shown controversial results in electrical characteristics. In this work, we introduce a core–bishell concept to build plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) with metal–inorganic semiconductor–organic semiconductor nanostructure. Specifically, Ag NPs were decorated with a titania/benzoic-acid-fullerene bishell (Ag@TiO2@Pa), which enables the NPs to be compatible with fullerene acceptors or a perovskite absorber. Moreover, coating the Ag@TiO2NP with a fullerene shell can activate efficient plasmon–exciton coupling and eliminate the charge accumulation, thus facilitating exciton dissociation and reducing the monomolecular recombination. The improved light absorption and enhanced carrier extraction of devices with Ag@TiO2@Pa nanoparticles are responsible for the improved short-circuit current and fill factor, respectively. On the basis of the synergistic effects (optical and electrical), a series of plasmonic OSCs exhibited enhancement of 12.3–20.7% with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 13.0%, while the performance of plasmonic PSCs also showed an enhancement by 10.2% from 18.4% to 20.2%. This core–bishell design concept of plasmonic nanostructures demonstrates a general approach to improving the photovoltaic performance with both optical and electrical contributions.

We alloyed Zn2+into CsPbI3perovskite nanocrystals by partial substitution of Pb2+with Zn2+, which does not change their crystalline phase. The resulting alloyed CsPb0.64Zn0.36I3nanocrystals exhibited an improved, close-to-unity photoluminescence quantum yield of 98.5% due to the increased radiative decay rate and the decreased non-radiative decay rate. They also showed an enhanced stability, which correlated with improved effective Goldschmidt tolerance factors, by the incorporation of Zn2+ions with a smaller radius than the Pb2+ions. Simultaneously, the nanocrystals switched from n-type (for CsPbI3) to nearly ambipolar for the alloyed nanoparticles. The hole injection barrier of electroluminescent LEDs was effectively eliminated by using alloyed CsPb0.64Zn0.36I3nanocrystals, and a high peak external quantum efficiency of 15.1% has been achieved.

The effects of replacement on the optical properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole(DPP)-based polymers are discussed through replacing the thieno[3,2-b]thiophene units by thiophene units. It is easy to see that the role of re-placement would lead to blue shift of steady-state absorption spectrum when thieno[3,2-b]thiophene units is replaced by thiophene units. Meanwhile, the transient absorption data indicate that the role of replacement would not change the relaxation mechanism of polymer, but is able to adjust the photo-excitation relaxation rate of polymer. Their in-tensity-dependent dynamic curves show that the exciton-exciton annihilation(EEA) would participate in the relaxation process when the polymer is in the aggregation. Through comparing the EEA data between the polymers, it is found that the role of replacement would change the spatial distribution of exciton.

High-efficiency broadband plasmonic triple-layer absorbers comprised of an ultrathin Ag island layer, a SiO_2 spacer, and a reflective Ag substrate are fabricated by magnetron sputtering. Experimental results reveal that surface morphologies of the fabricated Ag island film do not have regular profiles, but appear more like two or more hemi-ellipsoids randomly overlapping each other. Different from previous papers that modeled the metal island film using squared patches or regular hemi-ellipsoids, we construct the numerical model by simplifying the top metal island film as an array of overlapping hemi-ellipsoids aiming to explain the measured efficient absorption over a broad wavelength range more accurately. Through comparison, it is found that the overlapping hemi-ellipsoids can produce an additional absorption peak at the long wavelength range by the excitation of the hot-spot effect with respect to the structure with two isolated hemi-ellipsoids. Other strong absorption peaks at short wavelength ranges are also analyzed systematically. By tuning the geometry of the ellipsoids and the size of overlapping region, the absorption performance of the constructed overlapping model can be tuned. In reality, the geometries of the isolated islands are non-uniform, yielding the broad high-efficiency absorption band witnessed in experiment. Our work contributes to the design of efficient light devices for application in the area of solar energy harvesting and thermal emission tailoring.

In this study, 4A duplex stainless steels were prepared via remelting in an intermediate frequency furnace and subsequently solution treated at different temperatures. The effects of solution treatment on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 4A duplex stainless steel were investigated. Microstructures were characterized via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were evaluated via hardness test, tensile test, and impact test experiments. The point corrosion resistance was studied via chemical immersion and potentiodynamic anodic polarization. The results showed that with increasing solution temperature in the range of 1 223 – 1 423 K, the tensile strength and hardness first decreased and then increased, and minimum values were obtained at 1 323 K. The σ phase precipitated at the boundaries of the α/γ phases in samples solution treated at 1 223 K, decreasing both impact energy and pitting potential of the experimental steels. When experimental steels were solution treated at 1 373 K for 2 h, a suitable volume fraction of α/γ was uniformly distributed throughout the microstructure, and the steels exhibited optimal mechanical properties and pitting corrosion resistance.

Inherent highly ordered anisotropic aerogels were prepared through a facile celery-carbonization process. The subsequent modification of silver nanowire knitted nets endowed the prepared carbonaceous aerogel with several valuable properties, including broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, near-infrared responsive heating, lightweight cushioning and anisotropic pressure-sensitive conductivity. With the aid of 3D printing technology, this versatile material could be applied as an ultralight monitor to realize the visualized detection of different physiological activities, such as ankle movements and cardiac arrhythmias.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is involved in tumor immune escape and resistance to chemotherapy, and is clinically correlated with tumor progression. IDO inhibitors show marginal efficacy as single agents; therefore, combinations of these inhibitors with other therapies hold promise for cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic antitumor effects of IDO inhibitor NLG919 in combination with different regimens of paclitaxel in a murine B16-F10 melanoma model. NLG919 increased the cytotoxic activity of paclitaxel toward B16-F10 cells in the presence of pretreatment with interferon (IFN)-γ in vitro. In B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice, NLG919 was uniformly distributed throughout tumors and decreased kynurenine levels and kynurenine/tryptophan ratios in tumors and plasma for 6–12 h. NLG919 suppressed tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner and exhibited maximum efficacy at 100 mg/kg. In combination with different regimens of paclitaxel, NLG919 displayed synergistic antitumor effects, and NLG919 did not increase the side effects of paclitaxel. Within the tumors, the percentage of CD3+, CD8+, and CD4+T cells and secretion of IFN-γ and interleukin-2 were synergistically increased, whereas the percentage of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells was decreased. NLG919 can potentiate the antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel without increasing its side effects, suggesting that the combination of IDO inhibitor-based immunotherapy with chemotherapy could be a potential strategy for cancer treatment.

Growing evidence indicates that actin cytoskeleton is involved in plant innate immune responses, but the functional mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the behavior of a cotton profilin gene (GhPFN2) in response to Verticillium dahliaeinvasion, and evaluated its contribution to plant defense against this soil-borne fungal pathogen. GhPFN2expression was up-regulated when cotton root was inoculated with V. dahliae, and the actin architecture was reorganized in the infected root cells, with a clear increase in the density of filamentous actin and the extent of actin bundling. Compared to the wild type, GhPFN2-overexpressing cotton plants showed enhanced protection against V. dahliaeinfection and the actin cytoskeleton organization in root epidermal cells was clearly altered, which phenocopied that of the wild-type (WT) root cells challenged with V. dahliae. These results provide a solid line of evidence showing that actin cytoskeleton reorganization involving GhPFN2 is important for defense against V. dahliaeinfection.

The PARAGON-HF (Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ARB Global Outcomes in HF With Preserved Ejection Fraction) trial is designed to determine the efficacy and safety of the angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril/valsartan compared with valsartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

We successfully synthesized AuAg-alloyed nanoprisms (AuAgNPrisms) through the seed mediated and galvanic replacement approaches. By introducing the synthesized AuAgNPrisms at the buffer/active interface with an optimal concentration, we increased the power conversion efficiency of PTB7:PC70BM-based organic photovoltaic cells from 6.58% to 7.11%, the current density from 13.36 to 15.01 mA/cm2, corresponding to enhancement factors of 8.1% and 12.4%, respectively. According to our systematical study, we concluded that the incorporation of AuAgNPrisms not only increases light absorption in the active layer over a broad wavelength range but improves the exciton dissociation rate at the interface between PTB7 and PC70BM. With the incorporation of AuAgNPrisms, although the increase in the leakage current is observed, the carrier mobility is also improved apparently, yielding that the reduction in the fill factor is negligible. This work could contribute to the development of high efficiency and low cost organic solar cells.

Thermal deformation can improve the properties of aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) prepared by powder metallurgy (P/M) due to the dense and uniform microstructures. And the final microstructure of the AMCs is related to the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior and nucleation mechanism in the thermal forming process. In this regard, the hot compression tests of dual-scale SiC particles reinforced A356 (SiCp/A356) composites prepared by P/M method were carried out at temperatures of 460–520°C and strain rates of 0.01–5 s−1on a thermal simulation tester. The corresponding microstructure evolution was analyzed by electron back-scattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the stress–strain curve was a typical DRX unimodal stress curve. The comprehensive influences of the strain rate and deformation temperature on the stress were investigated using the Zener–Hollomon parameter (Z), where the deformation activation energy was 443.204 kJ/mol. The DRX critical strain model and DRX volume fraction model were established. DRX behavior of the SiCp/A356 composites was sensitive to the deformation temperatures and strain rates. The micro and nano SiCpcan promote the DRX nucleation of Al matrix due to the particle-stimulated nucleation.

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy releases the inhibition of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) but weakly induces TIL proliferation. Exogenous IL-15 could further expand TILs and thus synergize with αPD-L1 therapy. However, systemic delivery of IL-15 extensively expands peripheral NK cells, causing severe toxicity. To redirect IL-15 to intratumoral PD-1+CD8+T effector cells instead of NK cells for better tumor control and lower toxicity, we engineered an anti–PD-1 fusion with IL-15-IL-15Rα, whose activity was geographically concealed by immunoglobulin Fc region with an engineered linker (αPD-1-IL-15-R) to bypass systemic NK cells. Systematic administration of αPD-1-IL-15-R elicited extraordinary antitumor efficacy with undetectable toxicity. Mechanistically, cis-delivery of αPD-1-IL-15-R vastly expands tumor-specific CD8+T cells for tumor rejection. Additionally, αPD-1-IL-15-R upregulated PD-1 and IL-15Rβ on T cells to create a feedforward activation loop, thus rejuvenating TILs, not only resulting in tumor control in situ, but also suppressing tumor metastasis. Collectively, renavigating IL-15 to tumor-specific PD-1+CD8+T cells, αPD-1-IL-15-R elicits effective systemic antitumor immunity.

Heavy ion radiation experiments have been done to DC/DC converters with different topological structures for space applications. The test results were analyzed about the function failure of three topological structures caused by single event effects. The relationship between the function failure and the input supply voltage, the output load current and the topological structure of the module were discussed. Based on the analysis of the variation relationship among the source/drain terminal voltage of MOSFETs and the input voltage and the output load, the sensitivity factors associated with the function failure caused by single event effects were discussed. A new analysis on single event function failure of DC/DC converter based on different topologies has been presented, which can be applied to radiation hardened design and space application.

The dynamics of agricultural and forestry biomass are highly sensitive to climate change, particularly in high latitude regions. Heilongjiang Province was selected as research area in North-east China. We explored the trend of regional climate warming and distribution feature of biomass resources, and then analyzed on the spatial relationship between climate factors and biomass resources. Net primary productivity (NPP) is one of the key indicators of vegetation productivity, and was simulated as base data to calculate the distribution of agricultural and forestry biomass. The results show that temperatures rose by up to 0.37°C/10a from 1961 to 2013. Spatially, the variation of agricultural biomass per unit area changed from -1.93 to 5.85 t·km–2·a–1during 2000–2013. More than 85% of farmland areas showed a positive relationship between agricultural biomass and precipitation. The results suggest that precipitation exerts an overwhelming climate influence on agricultural biomass. The mean density of forestry biomass varied from 10 to 30 t·km–2. Temperature had a significant negative effect on forestry biomass in Lesser Khingan and northern Changbai Mountain, because increased temperature leads to decreased Rubisco activity and increased respiration in these areas. Precipitation had a significant positive relationship with forestry biomass in south-western Changbai Mountain, because this area had a warmer climate and stress from insufficient precipitation may induce xylem cavitation. Understanding the effects of climate factors on regional biomass resources is of great significance in improving environmental management and promoting sustainable development of further biomass resource use.

AbstractA total of 78 Listeria monocytogenesisolates from a pork processing plant and the respective meat markets in southern China were examined. This number includes 60 isolates from pork at markets, 5 from cooked pork products at markets, 10 from pork at a processing plant, and 3 from food-contact surfaces at the processing plant. All isolates were subjected to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and molecular basis of antibiotic resistance. Four serogroups were identified among the 78 tested isolates, with serogroup I (serotypes: 1/2a and 3a) being predominant (42.3%, 33/78). Antimicrobial resistance was most frequently observed for tetracycline (20.5%, 16/78), streptomycin (9.0%, 7/78), cefotaxime (7.7%, 6/78), and gentamicin (6.4%, 5/78). Multiple resistances occurred among 10.2% (8/78) isolates. All strains were sensitive to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin. Two isolates were resistant to five antimicrobials. Twelve strains carried tet(M) and located on Tn916. PFGE analysis revealed genetic heterogeneity among individual serotypes. Two predominant PFGE types were found persistent from the processing plant to markets indicating that these two types of isolates were able to survive under environmental adverse conditions from the processing plant to markets, which need to be monitored. Compared to samples from the pork processing plant, the prevalence of L. monocytogenesin meat market samples tended to be higher, serovar was more variable, and the antibiotic resistance range was wider, probably due to secondary contamination. Therefore, stringent hygiene measures and bacteriological controls should be observed to reduce the risk of transmission of L. monocytogenesfrom food to humans.

AbstractAlthough emotional labor in the workplace has been of increasing interest to researchers, the complete process of emotional labor has seldom been systematically analyzed. This paper explores the links between emotional job demand and its psychological effects on employees, with a particular focus on the mediation of emotional labor strategies and the moderation of social support. The results of a survey of 679 Chinese employees in the service sector reveal that emotional job demand significantly increases emotional exhaustion and reduces job satisfaction. Two emotional labor strategies, surface acting and deep acting, partially mediate these associations. Social support significantly moderates the relationships between deep acting and emotional job demand and its psychological effects, but does not do so for surface acting. Suggestions are offered accordingly for organizations wishing to reduce the negative influence of emotional labor on employees and improve the efficiency of service enterprises.

We demonstrate a visible transparent organic photovoltaic (OPV) with improved transmission and absorption based on tandem photonic crystals (TPCs) for greenhouse applications. The proposed device has an average transmittance of 40.3% in the visible range of 400–700 nm and a high quality transparency spectrum for plant growth with a crop growth factor of 41.9%, considering the weight of the AM 1.5G solar spectrum. Compared with the corresponding transparent OPV without photonic crystals, an enhancement of 20.7% in the average transmittance and of 24.5% in the crop growth factor are achieved. Detailed investigations reveal that the improved transmittance is attributed to the excitation of the optical Tamm state and the light interference effect in TPC. Concomitantly, the total absorption efficiency in the active layer of the designed TPC based transparent OPV reaches 51.5%, being 1.78% higher than that of the transparent OPV without PC and 76% of that of the opaque counterpart. The improved absorption originates from the Bragg forbidden reflectance of TPC. Overall, our proposal achieves the optimized utilization of sunlight by light manipulation of TPC.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of vacuum hot pressing sintering temperature, sintering time and pressure on the properties of SiCp/2024Al composites. The microstructures and mechanical properties were tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a mechanical testing machine. The results indicated that increasing hot pressing temperature decreased the number of pores and increased the density and interfacial bonding strength, and improved the mechanical properties of the composites. The composite fabricated at 580°C exhibited the optimum tensile strength, excessive hot pressing temperature easily produced micro-cracks, and the liquid aluminum extrusion and the reduction of Al2Cu phase. Prolonged sintering times had an adverse effect on the strength of the composite. A hot vacuum pressure needed to be higher than 60 MPa to achieve densification of composites above 99%. Solution treatment plus aging of the composites resulted in a significant improvement in strength and hardness. The higher the sintering temperature, the shorter the time taken to achieve the hardness peak.

The aims of this study were to investigate microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in the periurethral vaginal wall tissues of postmenopausal women with and without stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and to explore the putative target genes associated with SUI via miRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) pair prediction.

Abstract

We propose an efficient multiband absorber comprised of a truncated, one-dimensional periodic metal–dielectric photonic crystal and a reflective substrate. The reflective substrate is essentially an optically thick metallic film. Such a planar device is easier to fabricate compared to absorbers with complicated shapes. For a four-unit cell device, all four of the absorption peaks can be optimized with efficiencies higher than 95 percent. Moreover, those absorption peaks are insensitive to the polarization and incident angle. The influences of the geometrical parameters and the refractive index of the dielectric on the device performance also are discussed. Furthermore, we found that the number of absorption peaks within each photonic band precisely corresponds to the number of unit cells because the truncated photonic crystal lattices select resonant modes. We also show that the total absorption efficiency gradually increases when there are more periods of the metal–dielectric composite layer placed on top of the metallic substrate. We expect this work to have potential applications in solar energy harvesting and thermal emission tailoring.

Abstract