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The development of non-noble-metal-based chlorine evolution reaction (CER) catalysts with excellent activity, kinetics, and selectivity is urgently needed but still remains a major challenge. In this study, a morphology self-evolving and surface octahedron oxygen-vacancy-generating strategy is applied at double-shell nanospheres to obtain the target hierarchical double-shell Co3O4nanospheres with abundant surface oxygen vacancies (DS-Co3O4-OVs). The DS-Co3O4-OVs display an overpotential of only 52 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm–2in which an excellent chlorine selectivity of 98.9–99.9% is attained, which is better than that of the commercial RuO2/IrO2. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the involved oxygen vacancies can not only limit the lattice oxygen mechanism of the oxygen evolution reaction process but also significantly improve the kinetics of the Volmer step to enhance the CER performance. Meanwhile, the unique hierarchical double-shell nanospheres can enhance the mass feeding and promote the rate-determining step of the Krishtalik step chlorine gas desorption reaction for enhanced kinetics. The self-evolution of non-noble catalysts with surface octahedron vacancies and the related exploration of the CER mechanism may provide a novel design idea for CER catalysts.

Dalbergia cochinchinensis can be distinguished from Dalbergia retusa, Dalbergia bariensis, and Dalbergia oliveri quickly using infrared spectrum characteristic peaks as shown in a previous study. To investigate the components corresponding to the infrared characteristic peaks of Dalbergia cochinchinensis, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and butyl alcohol were sequentially used to extract the dispersion liquid of D. cochinchinensis. The petroleum ether extracts were further fractionated by column chromatography, using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT1R) to track the characteristic components during separation. FTIR spectra of petroleum ether extractives indicated the presence of aromatic ketones and olefin compounds. The gas chromatography--mass spectrometry research showed some main components and gave possible structure. Furthermore, their detailed structures were characterized thorough a nuclear magnetic resonance approach, and then two possible components (3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2-phenylchroman-4-one and 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-phenylchroman-4-one) were identified., Dalbergia cochinchinensis is a species of Faboideae in the Leguminosae family that mainly grows in southeast Asia. In recent years, the global population of D. cochinchinensis has experienced a boom [...]

Optimizing the electronic configuration improved the electrocatalytic performance of Ru doping. However, efficiently doping Ru and ensuring its stability in the hollow hierarchical structure posed a challenge. This work innovatively utilized the huge temperature difference between calcination and ice water (0 °C) to rapidly dope Ru atoms onto the CoNiP hierarchical spheres. Notably, the Ru-anchored hierarchical spheres enhanced the active area and internal space utilization. In addition, the addition of Ru dopant optimized the electronic structure and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics of CoNiP. Surprisingly, Ru-CoNiP only required 250 mV to generate 1 A cm–2, which was 1.5 times that of commercial Pt/C. Moreover, its activation energy (Ea) was 24.3% lower than CoNiP, further confirming that the Ru dopant reduced the energy barrier of alkaline HER. In conclusion, this work proposed a new method for promoting the doping of trace amounts of ruthenium into hierarchical spheres through quenching.

Real-time semantic segmentation of remote-sensing images demands a trade-off between speed and accuracy, which makes it challenging. Apart from manually designed networks, researchers seek to adopt neural architecture search (NAS) to discover a real-time semantic segmentation model with optimal performance automatically. Most existing NAS methods stack up no more than two types of searched cells, omitting the characteristics of resolution variation. This article proposes the hierarchical shared architecture search (HAS) method to automatically build a real-time semantic segmentation model for remote sensing images. Our model contains a lightweight backbone and a multiscale feature fusion module. The lightweight backbone is carefully designed with low computational cost. The multiscale feature fusion module is searched using the NAS method, where only the blocks from the same layer share identical cells. Extensive experiments reveal that our searched real-time semantic segmentation model of remote sensing images achieves the state-of-the-art trade-off between accuracy and speed. Specifically, on the LoveDA, Potsdam, and Vaihingen datasets, the searched network achieves 54.5% mIoU, 87.8% mIoU, and 84.1% mIoU, respectively, with an inference speed of 132.7 FPS. Besides, our searched network achieves 72.6% mIoU at 164.0 FPS on the CityScapes dataset and 72.3% mIoU at 186.4 FPS on the CamVid dataset.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been extensively identified in eukaryotic genomes and have been shown to play critical roles in the development of multiple cancers. Through the application and development of ribosome analysis and sequencing technologies, advanced studies have discovered the translation of lncRNAs. Although lncRNAs were originally defined as noncoding RNAs, many lncRNAs actually contain small open reading frames that are translated into peptides. This opens a broad area for the functional investigation of lncRNAs. Here, we introduce prospective methods and databases for screening lncRNAs with functional polypeptides. We also summarize the specific lncRNA-encoded proteins and their molecular mechanisms that promote or inhibit cancerous. Importantly, the role of lncRNA-encoded peptides/proteins holds promise in cancer research, but some potential challenges remain unresolved. This review includes reports on lncRNA-encoded peptides or proteins in cancer, aiming to provide theoretical basis and related references to facilitate the discovery of more functional peptides encoded by lncRNA, and to further develop new anti-cancer therapeutic targets as well as clinical biomarkers of diagnosis and prognosis.

ABSTRACTAs the “sixth largest city group in the world”, the Yangtze River Delta region is an important economic growth point and core economic area in China. While achieving rapid economic growth, the amount of waste generated is increasing day by day, and the investment in environmental protection is constantly increasing. Among them, MSW collection and disposal funds accounted for 57.40% of the fixed assets investment in environmental sanitation in 2017. To improve the efficiency of existing environmental protection investment, this paper is based on the existing academic research at China and abroad, with the help of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. This paper analyzed the economic indicators of 27 cities in the Yangtze River Delta for MSW collection, transportation and disposal to measure economic efficiency, identify and improve inefficiencies. The research results show that the average efficiency of the 27 cities in the Yangtze River Delta is at a relatively high level. Six cities have the most effective comprehensive technical efficiency. These six cities constitute the effective frontier of the municipal solid waste transfer system. The overall efficiency has a comparative advantage; 9 cities have the best pure technical efficiency, accounting for 33 of all cities. %, the pure technical efficiency of the remaining 18 cities is low, indicating that these cities have not fully utilized their resource input under the current scale, and the efficiency of resource utilization needs to be improved. Finally, this paper proposes suggestions for improvement from the perspective of environmental sustainability. To improve MSW collection and disposal efficiency, differentiated management should be implemented in cities in the Yangtze River Delta.Implications: This paper conducts an empirical analysis on the efficiency of MSW collection and disposal in the Yangtze River Delta in China in 2017. Based on the calculation of the DEA model, our conclusion is that although the collection and disposal system of MSW in the Yangtze River Delta has been significantly improved, the level of collection and disposal of some MSW has not reached the optimal level: (1) Comprehensive technical efficiency is the most effective Cities accounted for 22% of the total number of cities studied. (2) 33% of the cities in the Yangtze River Delta achieve the best pure technical efficiency; (3) Among the 27 cities, 6 cities have the best scale efficiency, and the remaining 21 cities have not reached the best scale efficiency.

Thermodynamic parameters at infinite dilution for thirty-one organic solutes in a series of imidazolyl hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids (ILs) were determined by inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The IGC characterization was carried out at temperatures ranging between 303.15 and 343.15 K for determining the Hildebrand solubility parameter (δ2) as well as the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ12∞), the activity coefficient at infinite dilution (γ12∞), and the thermodynamic functions. In addition, based on the γ12∞results, the selectivity and capacity were directly calculated for two separation problems (hexane/benzene and hexane/thiophene). Under the different effects of the three ILs, it was found that the values of χ12∞and γ12∞were significantly different for the solutes tested, but all the values follow a certain pattern: they increase with temperature or decrease with temperature. As the temperature increased, the solubility parameters of the three ILs showed a linear decrease trend. The solubility parameters of the three ionic liquids at room temperature were obtained by extrapolation as δ2([BMIM][HSO4])= 24.15 MPa1/2, δ2([HMIM][HSO4])= 24.10 MPa1/2, and δ2([OMIM][HSO4])= 23.66 MPa1/2.

Lithium (Li)–CO2battery is rising as an attractive energy-storage system with the competence of CO2conversion/fixation. However, its practical development is seriously hindered by the high overpotential. Herein, a rational design on a highly catalytic Li–CO2battery electrode built by graphdiyne powder as a multi-functional laminar scaffold with anchored highly dispersed Ru nanoparticles is explored. The strong interaction between the abundant acetylenic bond sites of graphdiyne scaffold and Ru nanoparticles can effectively promote the electrochemical progress and reduce the voltage polarization. The unique channels architecture of the cathodic catalyst with enough space not only accelerates CO2diffusion and electrons/Li+transport, but also allows a large amount of accommodation for discharged product (Li2CO3) to assure an advanced capacity. The corresponding Li–CO2battery displays an advanced discharged capacity of 15,030 mAh/g at 500 mA/g, great capacity retention of 8873 mAh/g at 2 A/g, high coulombic efficiency of 97.6% at 500 mA/g and superior life span for 120 cycles with voltage gap of 1.67 V under a restricted capacity of 1000 mAh/g at 500 mA/g. Ex/in-situstudies prove that synergy between Ru nanoparticles and acetylene bonds of GDY can boost the round-trip CO2RR and CO2ER kinetics.