Search

Designing efficient proton-conductive materials is crucial in fuel cells. Yet, it remains a substantial challenge because of the issues in proton mobility, proton-carrier amount, and orientation of proton host materials. Herein, we report an in-situprotonation strategy to produce a locally flexible porous coordination polymer (PCP) to enhance the proton-carrier loading and proton conductivity. The local dipole flipping of the ligand allows effective proton exchange with low activation energy, promoting interpore proton transport through the pore apertures and pore walls. The protonation induces substantial charges to the frameworks and enhances the interaction with proton carriers, thereby increasing the loading of the proton carriers. By this design strategy, the resulting PCP exhibits enhanced phosphoric acid loading and extraordinary proton conductivities under both aqueous and anhydrous conditions compared to its isoreticular analog that features rigidity without proton-exchange capability. Our work provides a new avenue for designing proton-conductive materials that combine structural dynamics with performance merits.

Free tissue transfer is a very effective reconstructive technique for challenging defects of the head and neck and in many cases the gold standard for congenital facial paralyses and composite defects. Although its use in the pediatric population is not new and the success rates are comparable to those in adults, there is still a lack of information about its applications in children. This study aims to review the indications for use and discuss the anatomic considerations that may influence surgical complexity and long-term outcomes in the developing craniofacial skeleton.

Accurate identification of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in key driver genes holds a significant value for disease diagnosis and treatment. Fluorescent probes exhibit tremendous potential in specific, high-resolution, and rapid detection of SNVs. However, additional steps are required in most post-PCR assays to convert double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) products into single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), enabling them to possess hybridization activity to trigger subsequent reactions. This process not only prolongs the complexity of the experiment but also introduces the risk of losing target information. In this study, we proposed two strategies for enriching active double-stranded DNA, involving PCR based on obstructive groups and cleavable units. Building upon this, we explored the impact of modified units on the strand displacement reaction (SDR) and assessed their discriminatory efficacy for mutations. The results showed that detection of low variant allele frequencies (VAF) as low as 0.1% can be achieved. The proposed strategy allowed orthogonal identification of 45 clinical colorectal cancer tissue samples with 100% specificity, and the results were generally consistent with sequencing results. Compared to existing methods for enriching active targets, our approach offers a more diverse set of enrichment strategies, characterized by the advantage of being simple and fast and preserving original information to the maximum extent. The objective of this study is to offer an effective solution for the swift and facile acquisition of active double-stranded DNA. We anticipate that our work will facilitate the practical applications of SDR based on dsDNA.

The Tibetan Plateau, which is deformed by the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates, is a natural laboratory in which to study intracontinental deformation related to northeastward growth of the plateau. However, how and when the Tibetan Plateau propagated to its present-day margins remain unclear. The Qilian Shan and Haiyuan fault, which serve as the topographic and geological boundaries of the high plateau, are key to revealing the uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. Here, we present detrital apatite (U–Th)/He and reverse modelling results from the Laolongwan basin, which is interpreted as a pull-apart basin controlled by activity of the Haiyuan fault in the east portion of the Qilian Shan region. Our results reveal three-stage tectono-thermal evolution of Qilian Shan: (1) Late Jurassic to Cretaceous rapid exhumation; (2) Late Cretaceous to middle Miocene tectonic quiescence period; and (3) exhumation after the middle Miocene. We suggest that the Jurassic to Cretaceous rapid exhumation might be related to the convergence of the Lhasa block with the Eurasian plate or regional extension during the Mesozoic closure of the Meso-Tethys, and the mid-Miocene accelerated exhumation was driven by Haiyuan fault activation related to the growth of the Tibetan Plateau to its northeastern margin. Supplementary material: Time–temperature paths of (U–Th)/He thermal history models (Fig. S1) and AHe age–depth relationship (Fig. S2) are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7018149 Thematic collection: This article is part of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics, landscape and climate change collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/mesozoic-and-cenozoic-tectonics-landscape-and-climate-change [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA nanostructures (DNs) have found increasing use in biosensing, drug delivery, and therapeutics because of their customizable assembly, size and shape control, and facile functionalization. However, their limited cellular uptake and nuclear delivery have hindered their effectiveness in these applications. Here, we demonstrate the potential of applying cell-surface binding as a general strategy to enable rapid enhancement of intracellular and intranuclear delivery of DNs. By targeting the plasma membrane via cholesterol anchors or the cell-surface glycocalyx using click chemistry, we observe a significant 2 to 8-fold increase in the cellular uptake of three distinct types of DNs that include nanospheres, nanorods, and nanotiles, within a short time frame of half an hour. Several factors are found to play a critical role in modulating the uptake of DNs, including their geometries, the valency, positioning and spacing of binding moieties. Briefly, nanospheres are universally preferable for cell surface attachment and internalization. However, edge-decorated nanotiles compensate for their geometry deficiency and outperform nanospheres in both categories. In addition, we confirm the short-term structural stability of DNs by incubating them with cell medium and cell lysate. Further, we investigate the endocytic pathway of cell-surface bound DNs and reveal that it is an interdependent process involving multiple pathways, similar to those of unmodified DNs. Finally, we demonstrate that cell-surface attached DNs exhibit a substantial enhancement in the intranuclear delivery. Our findings present an application that leverages cell-surface binding to potentially overcome the limitations of low cellular uptake, which may strengthen and expand the toolbox for effective cellular and nuclear delivery of DNA nanostructure systems.

Biomolecules are a category of largely organic matter that covers molecular substances produced or required by living organisms. While they have great value in applications from food flavorings to pharmaceuticals, their industrial synthesis often requires harsh conditions, accompanied by a large amount of energy consumption. Effective utilization of waste resources such as carbon dioxide (CO2) could revolutionize the green synthesis of biomolecules. This review is dedicated to examining the production of biomolecules via green catalytic synthesis methods that use CO2as the C source and/or nitrogenous small molecules as the N source. A classification of green synthesis methods is introduced from the perspective of the experimental method, reaction path, reaction mechanism, and benefits and shortcomings of each approach. Finally, the main challenges and strategies for improving the green synthesis of biomolecules are highlighted.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a family of short defense proteins that are naturally produced by all organisms and have great potential as effective substitutes for small-molecule antibiotics. The present study aims to excavate AMPs from sea cucumbers and achieve their heterologous expression in prokaryotic Escherichia coli. Using MytC as a probe, a cysteine-stabilized peptide SCAK33 with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity was discovered from the proteome of Apostichopus japonicas. The SCAK33 showed inhibitory effects on both gram positive and gram negative bacteria with MICs of 3–28 μM, and without significant hemolysis activity in rat blood erythrocyte. Especially, it exhibited good antimicrobial activity against Bacillus megaterium, B. subtilis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticuswith the MIC of 3, 7, and 7 μM, respectively. After observation by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), it was found that the cell membrane of bacteria was severely damaged. Furthermore, the recombinant SCAK33 (reSCAK33) was heterologously expressed by fusion with SUMO tag in E. coliBL21(DE3), and the protein yield reached 70 mg/L. The research will supplement the existing quantity of sea cucumber AMPs and provide data support for rapid mining and biological preparation of sea cucumber AMPs.

Graphical Abstract:

The spatial-resolved capacity of a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry ( $\varphi $ -OTDR) is limited by the optical pulse width, which increases the localization errors when measuring vibrations with range shorter than that determined by the pulse width. To overcome this problem, a high spatial-resolved $\varphi $ -OTDR with a differential pulse width sequence is proposed. The centimeter spatial resolution sensing can be realized by using meter equivalent pulses. This scheme utilizes the time-domain waveform subtraction obtained from the same pulse repetition rate and different pulse widths to form the differential vibration information at each fiber location. First, we provide a comprehensive treatment to prove that the proposed scheme can improve the spatial-resolved capacity of the $\varphi $ -OTDR system. The spatial resolution of 1.08m for 60/50ns pulse sequence is realized with a 30cm vibration source. Second, in a further proof-of-concept experiment, the spatial resolution is achieved up to 0.55m with a 55/50ns pulse sequence. It is demonstrated that the ability of spatial-resolved is enhanced greatly without any hardware modifications, compared to that required in the conventional method. This method holds great significance in accurately locating vibration signals within the narrow range of the distributed vibration sensor.

Catalytic transformation of agricultural residues to furfural is a potential source of income for those who have biomass residues to be disposed because furfural derivatives are platform molecules for the preparation of various chemicals, additives, and pharmaceutical precursors. In this work, a modified KIT-6 molecular sieve catalyst with dual acid sites of Lewis acid and Brønsted acid is prepared by grafting sulfonic acid groups on Sn4+-doped KIT-6. Characterizations are applied to reveal the generation of Lewis acid and Brønsted acid by the doped Sn4+and grafted sulfonic acid groups. The dual acid on the catalyst synergistically contributes to the satisfying catalytic transformation of xylose to furfural. In addition, the one-step and two-step transformations of agricultural residues to furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were studied. The prepared catalyst shows satisfying stability, and the reason for the slight decline of the catalytic performance was revealed.

The bioengineering applications of cells, such as cell printing and multicellular assembly, are directly limited by cell damage and death due to a harsh environment. Improved cellular robustness thus motivates investigations into cell encapsulation, which provides essential protection. Here we target the cell-surface glycocalyx and cross-link two layers of DNA nanorods on the cellular plasma membrane to form a modular and programmable nanoshell. We show that the DNA origami nanoshell modulates the biophysical properties of cell membranes by enhancing the membrane stiffness and lowering the lipid fluidity. The nanoshell also serves as armor to protect cells and improve their viability against mechanical stress from osmotic imbalance, centrifugal forces, and fluid shear stress. Moreover, it enables mediated cell–cell interactions for effective and robust multicellular assembly. Our results demonstrate the potential of the nanoshell, not only as a cellular protection strategy but also as a platform for cell and cell membrane manipulation.

Serial voltage injection (SVI) converter is widely used in frequency-scan for the impedance measurement of the grid-connected inverter. The dc power supply is necessary for the SVI converter, which reduces device power density and cost performance. Meanwhile, the fundamental voltage variation brought by the varying operating capacity of the inverter and the voltage drop on the grid impedance decreases the impedance measurement precision in the traditional control scheme. In this article, the bidirectional power balance control strategy is first proposed to maintain the dc voltage without an additional dc power supply. Then, a voltage reference calculation method is proposed for regulating fundamental voltage. By the proposed method, the SVI converter can inject broadband-frequency voltage perturbations into the system under test with constant dc-side voltage and desired ac-side voltage. The impedance accuracy is not affected by the operating capacity of the inverter and the impedance of the grid with the proposed control method. The proposed power balance control with fundamental voltage control of the SVI converter is verified by the experimental tests.

CO2electrocatalytic reduction (CO2ER) is an excellent way for synthesizing value-added products and achieving carbon neutrality. While C2+products, such as C2H4, C2H5OH, etc., have higher energy densities and are more valuable than C1products, their synthesis is more challenging. In the present work, a series of easily prepared lanthanide neodymium-doped CuOxcatalysts (denoted as CuaNdOx, a= 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5) were developed and applied in CO2ER to produce C2H4. In an H-type cell, the Cu2NdOxcatalyst with a Co/Nd molar ratio of 2/1 demonstrated the best catalytic performance with a high FEC2H4of 54.4% and a current density of 28.4 mA cm−2at −1.19 V (vs.RHE) in 0.5 M KCl electrolyte. Characterization results showed that the introduction of neodymium could effectively stabilize the Cu(i) species and enhance CO2adsorption on the catalyst. In situRaman spectra and DFT calculation confirmed that the Nd sites favor the adsorption and activation of CO2, while the Cu sites are responsible for reducing CO2to *COOH and *CO. The formed *CO was then coupled to ethylene, further improving the Faradaic efficiency of ethylene (FEC2H4). It is noteworthy that this is the first instance of using lanthanide neodymium as a promoter in Cu-based material catalyzed CO2ER. The present work not only provides efficient Cu–Nd bimetallic catalysts for CO2ER to ethylene but also opens up a new avenue of utilizing Nd-based lanthanide metals in catalysis.

Gene editing has great potential in biomedical research including disease diagnosis and treatment. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is the most straightforward and cost-effective method. The efficient and precise delivery of CRISPR can impact the specificity and efficacy of gene editing. In recent years, synthetic nanoparticles have been discovered as effective CRISPR/Cas9 delivery vehicles. We categorized synthetic nanoparticles for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery and discribed their advantages and disadvantages. Further, the building blocks of different kinds of nanoparticles and their applications in cells/tissues, cancer and other diseases were described in detail. Finally, the challenges encountered in the clinical application of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery materials were discussed, and potential solutions were provided regarding efficiency and biosafety issues.

The Sichuan-Yunnan area is located at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where tectonic movement is strong with deep and large faults distributed in a staggered manner, which results in strong seismic activities and severe earthquake hazards. Since the 21st century, several earthquakes of magnitude 7.0 or above occurred in this region, which have caused huge casualties and economic losses, especially the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. At present, earthquake monitoring and source parameter inversion, strong earthquake hazard analysis and disaster assessment are still the focus of seismological researches in the Sichuan-Yunnan region. Regional high-precision 3D community velocity models are fundamental for these studies. In this paper, by assembling seismic observations at permanent seismic stations and several temporary dense seismic arrays in this region, we obtained about 7.06 million body wave travel time data (including absolute and differential travel times) using a newly developed artificial intelligence body wave arrival time picking method and about 100,000 Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion data in the period range of 5–50 s from ambient noise cross-correlation technique. Based on this abundant dataset, we obtained the three-dimensional high resolution Vpand Vsmodel in the crust and uppermost mantle of southwest (SW) China by adopting the joint body and surface wave travel time tomography method considering the topography effect starting from the first version of community velocity model in SW China (SWChinaCVM-1.0). Compared to SWChinaCVM-1.0, this newly determined velocity model has higher resolution and better data fitness. It is accepted by the China Seismic Experimental Site as the second version of the community velocity model in SW China (SWChinaCVM-2.0). The new model shows strong lateral heterogeneities in the shallow crust. Two disconnected low velocity zones are observed in the middle to lower crust, which is located in the Songpan-Ganzi block and the northern Chuandian block to the west of the Longmenshan-Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault, and beneath the Xiaojiang fault zone, respectively. The inner zone of the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) exhibits a high velocity anomaly, which separates the two aforementioned low velocity anomalies. Low velocity anomaly is also shown beneath the Tengchong volcano. The velocity structures in the vicinity of the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, the 2013 Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake and the 2017 Ms7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake mainly show high Vpand Vsanomalies and the mainshocks are basically located at the transition zone between the high and low velocity anomalies. Along with the segmentation characteristics of seismic activity, we suggest that areas with significant changes in velocity structures, especially in active fault zones, might have a greater potential to generate moderate to strong earthquakes.

The formation age of the middle Yellow River and the existence of a northward‐flowing river have been fiercely debated. The age distribution of detrital zircon varied spatiotemporally and produced contradictory provenance interpretations. The Jinshaan Gorge, the main part of the middle Yellow River and key to studying fluvial evolution and clarifying disputes, developed its topography during the late Cenozoic. In this study, we systematically review the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the North China Craton, perform detrital zircon U–Pb dating in the Neogene−Quaternary sediments and investigate the topography along the Jinshaan Gorge, and the sedimentology and chronological framework of these sediments. We propose that the Gorge of the middle Yellow River could have developed since the Neogene, controlled by the tectono‐geomorphologic evolution of the North China Craton in a dominantly extensional environment. No evidence supports a northward‐flowing river during the Early Pleistocene or even earlier in the Jinshaan Gorge. We attribute the provenance variations of the Cenozoic sediments to detrital mixing of diverse geological units, local and distant, and especially highlight the systematic provenance shift between the Neogene and Quaternary sediments caused by bedrock downcutting and recycling aeolian sediments. The increased 1.5−0.33 Ga component of the lower Yellow River during the Early Pleistocene was likely caused by enhanced loess accumulation and should not be individually used as a proxy for the Yellow River formation. We emphasize the significance of a comprehensive study of river evolution. Three‐quarters of the Yellow River channel is located on the North China Craton, but the formation and evolution of the Yellow River have been usually attributed to the upper reaches due to the growth of the Tibetan Plateau. Geological units, such as aeolian deposits have a significant impact on the fluvial sediments of the Yellow River, and only systematic work can help unraveling their provenance and potential recycling. We have found that the tectonic evolution of the North China Craton between the rigid Ordos Block and the Lvliang Shan controlled the initial entrenchment of the Jinshaan Gorge in the middle Yellow River since the late or maybe the early Miocene. We have also revealed the complex spatial provenance changes of the fluvial sediments along the Yellow River and the systematic provenance shift between the Neogene and Quaternary sediments. At the same time, we emphasize the significance of an integrated study combining tectono‐geomorphic features, sedimentology and quantitative analysis, such as provenance, for the reconstruction of the river geological evolution. The middle Yellow River has developed under the extensional tectonic evolution of the North China Craton since the CenozoicSystematic provenance shift between the Neogene and Quaternary sediments was caused by bedrock downcutting and aeolian depositionDetrital signal from the Tibetan Plateau cannot be transported to and detected in the lower Yellow River The middle Yellow River has developed under the extensional tectonic evolution of the North China Craton since the Cenozoic Systematic provenance shift between the Neogene and Quaternary sediments was caused by bedrock downcutting and aeolian deposition Detrital signal from the Tibetan Plateau cannot be transported to and detected in the lower Yellow River

The Binchuan Basin in northwest Yunnan, southwest China, is a rift basin developed at the intersection of the Red River Fault and Chenghai Fault, where historical earthquakes have occurred. Understanding the fine velocity structure of the shallow crust in this region can help improve earthquake location accuracy and our understanding of the relationship between fault zone structures and fault slip behaviors. Using the continuous waveform data recorded by 381 dense array stations in 2017, we obtained 7 915 Rayleigh-wave phase velocity dispersion curves in the period band of 0.2–6 ​s from ambient noise cross-correlation functions after rigorous data processing and quality control. We determined 3D isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic shear wave velocity models at depths above 6 ​km in the shallow crust based on the direct surface wave azimuthal anisotropic tomography method. The isotropic model reveals a strong correspondence between the S-wave velocity structure at depths of 0–1 ​km and the regional topography and lithology. The Binchuan depocenter, Zhoucheng depocenter, Xiangyun Basin, and Xihai Rift Basin are primarily composed of Quaternary deposits, which show low-velocity anomalies, while the regions with the Paleozoic shale, limestone, and basalt exhibit high-velocity anomalies. The nearly N–S orientation of fast directions from azimuthal anisotropy models are mainly controlled by the active Binchuan Fault with N–S strike as well as the NNW-oriented primary compressive stress.

We develop a 3D full waveform inversion (FWI) method based on dynamic time warping (DTW) to address the issue of cycle‐skipping, which can prohibit the convergence of conventional FWI methods. DTW globally compares data samples at different time steps in 2D matrices against the time shifts of waveforms. We introduce the concept of shape descriptors into softDTW, creating a soft‐shapeDTW objective function within our waveform inversion process to improve alignment accuracy. Additionally, including constraints from Sakoe‐Chiba bands in the inversion further enhances efficiency and overall performance. A synthetic test has shown that the soft‐shapeDTW inversion outperforms conventional waveform inversions in overcoming the cycle‐skipping challenges that arise from poor initial models. This method was applied to fit observed seismograms to reveal western Yunnan's crustal structure. Seismic waveforms were recorded by 88 broadband stations from 10 local earthquakes, which were then denoised using a continuous wavelet transform method. Generalized cut and paste waveform inversions were used to determine the source parameters of these seismic events. Our inversion well‐aligned various seismic phases in the selected time windows of seismograms, and the resolved velocity models well associate with local geological structure. Results suggest that the soft‐shapeDTW inversion offers a robust alternative to FWI, reducing the reliance on accurate starting models. Crustal material properties are necessary information for geoscientists to investigate Earth's history, tectonic development, and seismic hazards. Imaging material properties based on time recordings of ground motion is an effective way to understand the strength and distribution of these materials. Geoscientists produce mathematical Earth models to approximate actual Earth structures when the predicted ground motion records from the models match observed records. We show that a mathematical technique from Information Science called Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is suitable for pairing corresponding samples of predicted and observed ground motions. The set of time shifts estimated by DTW is progressively minimized to reach alignment. We constructed objective functions based on DTW in inversions to better fit most of the contents of ground displacement motions than conventional inversions. We tested this technique with seismic data from local earthquakes in western Yunnan province, southwest China, and produced an ideal crustal model for western Yunnan. The inversions improved by DTW promise to dramatically improve the processing of seismic waveforms to obtain information about the Earth. We construct a three‐dimensional crustal structure in western Yunnan based on a full waveform inversion of local earthquakesConducting dynamic time warping to construct objective functions in full waveform inversions We construct a three‐dimensional crustal structure in western Yunnan based on a full waveform inversion of local earthquakes Conducting dynamic time warping to construct objective functions in full waveform inversions

Nowadays, trace CH4emitted from vehicle exhausts severely threaten the balance of the ecology system of our earth. Thereby, the development of active and stable catalysts capable of methane conversion under mild conditions is critical. Here, we present a convenient method to redisperse catalytically inert PdO nanoparticles (NPs) (>10 nm) into reactive PdOxnanoclusters (∼2 nm) anchored on a Ce-doped LaFeO3parent. Isothermally activated in an N2flow, the redispersed catalyst achieved a CH4conversion of 90% at 400 °C, which is significantly higher than the fresh and H2- and O2-treated counterparts (625, 616, and 641 °C, respectively), indicating the importance of the gas atmosphere in the redispersion of PdO NPs. In addition, the comprehensive catalyst characterizations demonstrated that the isolated Ce ions in the perovskite lattice play an irreplaceable role in the redispersion of reactive sites and the reduction of the energy barrier for C–H scission. More importantly, the Ce additive helps to stabilize the PdOxspecies by reducing overoxidation, resulting in significant lifetime extension. Through a thorough understanding of structural manipulation, this study sheds light on the design of highly performing supported catalysts for methane oxidation.

Hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs), amorphous microporous three-dimensional networks based on covalent linkage of organic building blocks, are a promising class of materials due to their high surface area and easy functionalization; however, this type of material lacks processability due to its network rigidity based on covalent crosslinking. Indeed, the development of strategies to improve its solution processability for broader applications remains challenging. Although HCPs have similar three-dimensionally crosslinked networks to polymer gels, HCPs usually do not form gels but insoluble powders. Herein, we report the synthesis of HCP gels from a thermally induced polymerization of a tetrahedral monomer, which undergoes consecutive solubilization, covalent bond formation, colloidal formation, followed by their aggregation and percolation to yield a hierarchically porous network. The resulting gels feature concentration-dependent hierarchical porosities and mechanical stiffness. Furthermore, these HCP gels can be used as a platform to achieve molecular-level hybridization with a two-dimensional polymer during the HCP gel formation. This method provides functional gels and corresponding aerogels with the enhancement of porosities and mechanical stiffness. Used in column- and membrane-based molecular separation systems, the hybrid gels exhibited a separation of water contaminants with the efficiency of 97.9 and 98.6% for methylene blue and KMnO4, respectively. This result demonstrated the potentials of the HCP gels and their hybrid derivatives in separation systems requiring macroscopic scaffolds with hierarchical porosity.

This review is intended to provide an overview of the electrodiagnostic/neurophysiologic tests that can be applied to patients with facial paralysis with a focus on randomized studies and practical guidance for the use of neurophysiologic testing. Neurophysiologic/electrodiagnostic testing has a long history as part of facial paralysis management and the various techniques available are safe and easy to implement. Neurophysiologic testing can provide important guidance to otolaryngologists about the prognosis of a patients' facial paralysis, may guide surgical planning, and can provide a means of monitoring facial nerve recovery following treatment. It is becoming clear that many if not all patients with new onset facial nerve paralysis could benefit from neurophysiologic testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aim to detect demographic history and early farming‐related migration of the crossroad area in the junction of east Asia (EA) and southeast Asia (SEA). We collected and genotyped 87 individuals from 6 Tibeto‐Burman and Austroasiatic‐speaking populations including Bai, Pumi, Hani, Lahu, Wa, and Blang with nearly 700,000 genome‐wide SNPs. We subsequently analyzed genetic structure and admixture using our merged dataset including both ancient and modern eastern Eurasians with PCA, ADMIXTURE, Refine‐IBD, fstatistics and qpAdm. We observed population substructure within the studied Tibeto‐Burman populations. The northern Tibeto‐Burman groups (Bai and Pumi) had a predominant genomic legacy associated to millet‐farming from North China and also high frequencies of Y‐chromosomal haplogroup O2a2b1‐M134 (xM117) and its sub‐clades. By contrast, southern Tibeto‐Burman groups (Lahu and Hani) had more than 60% genomic legacy associated to rice‐farming, which is prevalent in present‐day Tai‐Kadai, Austronesian and Austroasiatic speaking populations. We observed strong genetic affinities between Austroasiatic populations in Yunnan (Blang and Wa) and mainland southeast Asia. Our study revealed that both demic migrations and cultural interactions from north to south and east to west since the Late Neolithic have shaped the genetic structure of populations at the crossroads of EA and SEA. The dominant genomic legacy associated with millet‐farming in northern Tibeto‐Burman populations indicates large‐scale Neolithic migrations from the Upper‐Middle Yellow River Basin. The rice‐farming expansion has deeply influenced the genetic profile of both southern Tibeto‐Burman and Austroasiatic populations, suggesting migrations from east to west via both inland and coastal routes.

ABSTRACTSemi-arid regions belong to important ecological transitional zones with a high ecosystem vulnerability and sensitivity. In recent years, due to the influence of climate change and human activities, the land covers of semi-arid regions have experienced dramatic changes. Therefore, timely and accurate land cover mapping of semi-arid regions is of great significance. Deep learning has been a hotspot in land cover mapping; however, it requires a large number of labelled samples. To tackle this data-hunger issue, we resolve to a multi-gate semi-supervised learning (SSL) method that could use a huge number of unlabelled samples to improve the classification performance. Specifically, the proposed method consists of a probability gate, an uncertainty gate and a consistency gate, aiming to generate high-quality pseudo-labels from the unlabelled datasets. Experimental results from Zhangbei, China indicate that the proposed method yields a good performance with an overall accuracy of 90.31%, which is 4.31% higher than that of traditional supervised learning (SL) methods. Ablation studies also verify the effectiveness of the gated mechanism in selecting unlabelled data.

DNA replication occurs through an intricately regulated series of molecular events and is fundamental for genome stability1,2. At present, it is unknown how the locations of replication origins are determined in the human genome. Here we dissect the role of topologically associating domains (TADs)3–6, subTADs7and loops8in the positioning of replication initiation zones (IZs). We stratify TADs and subTADs by the presence of corner-dots indicative of loops and the orientation of CTCF motifs. We find that high-efficiency, early replicating IZs localize to boundaries between adjacent corner-dot TADs anchored by high-density arrays of divergently and convergently oriented CTCF motifs. By contrast, low-efficiency IZs localize to weaker dotless boundaries. Following ablation of cohesin-mediated loop extrusion during G1, high-efficiency IZs become diffuse and delocalized at boundaries with complex CTCF motif orientations. Moreover, G1 knockdown of the cohesin unloading factor WAPL results in gained long-range loops and narrowed localization of IZs at the same boundaries. Finally, targeted deletion or insertion of specific boundaries causes local replication timing shifts consistent with IZ loss or gain, respectively. Our data support a model in which cohesin-mediated loop extrusion and stalling at a subset of genetically encoded TAD and subTAD boundaries is an essential determinant of the locations of replication origins in human S phase.

The SE Tibetan Plateau, tectonically situated in the eastern India-Eurasia oblique convergence zone, has experienced multiple stages of deformation since the Cenozoic. Three major tectonic boundaries—the Ailaoshan-Red River, Chongshan-Lincang-Inthanon, and Gaoligong-Mogok shear zones—delineate the first-order tectonic framework in this region. The most striking structural features in the block interiors are a series of NW- and NE-trending fault systems, such as the Dayingjiang, Longlin-Ruili, Nantinghe, Red River, Weixi-Qiaohou, and Lancang-Genma faults, which have conjugate geometric relationships. In this study, we review these structures’ geometric and kinematic characteristics and deformation histories. A synthesis of existing geological observations, geomorphological analysis, and chronological data reveal three major Cenozoic tectonothermal events, including crustal shortening, strike-slip shearing, and kinematic reversal. The boundary structures controlled the tectonic extrusion of plateau material during the early Oligocene-early Miocene. In the mid-late Miocene, NW- and NE-trending fault systems mostly experienced diachronous slip-sense inversions. The onset and spatial trend of regional kinematic reversal are constrained by existing chronologic data. Together with geophysical and geodetic observations, the activity and geodynamic drivers of the major fault systems and regional deformation styles are explored, revealing that the SE Tibetan Plateau underwent a transition from discrete (lateral block extrusion) to diffuse deformation in the mid-late Miocene. The intracontinental crustal deformation and its coupling with dynamic processes at depth during the plateau growth are discussed in the context of the India-Eurasia convergence.

We report a new copper-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] annulation process through the selective cleavage of sigma and triple C–C and C–H bonds using two ynone units. This new methodology involves breaking multiple chemical bonds in a single operation, including C≡C, C–C, C–H, and N–O. These high-value adducts lead to a diverse collection of synthetically challenging trisubstituted indolizines by the simultaneous engagement of different bond-breaking events and show excellent fluorescence in green aqueous solutions.

Dehydrogenation of propane in the presence of CO2(CO2-ODHP) is an important route for the synthesis of propylene and utilization of the waste CO2. In the present work, diverse GaN supported on NaZSM-5 catalysts (GaN/NaZSM-5) were prepared and applied in catalyzing CO2-ODHP. GaN could activate C–H bonds in propane and cover the medium to strong acidic sites of NaZSM-5 support, which could tune the adsorption capacities of reactant molecules and further suppress the occurrence of side reactions. The Si/Al molar ratio in GaN/NaZSM-5 impacted the propane and propylene adsorption capacities of the catalyst, which closely relates to the catalytic performances. Compared with the catalytic performances of other tested catalysts, the screened GaN/NaZSM-5 catalyst with a GaN loading of 5 wt % and the Si/Al molar ratio of 470 exhibited the best results, which probably derives from its highest propane but a low propylene adsorption capacity. In this way, propane could be strongly adsorbed on the catalyst and then activated by GaN and further dehydrogenated to propylene, which was quickly released to avoid cracking. Importantly, the catalytic performances stemmed from the strong interaction between GaN and the NaZSM-5 support via the formation of Si–O–GaN species, which was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results. The Si–O–GaN species reacted with propane to form Si–O–GaN–H species, and CO2further reacted with Si–O–GaN–H to form the COOH intermediate and then release propylene, CO, and Si–O–GaN active site. For the titled reaction, the catalyst could initially offer 45.0% conversion of propane and 28.3% yield of propylene at 600 °C. The present work not only provides a protocol for highly conversing propane to propylene but also proposes a method for tuning acidic characters of the NaZSM-5 support, which has potential application in alkane activation.

Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a prognostic biomarker used to guide medication selection in multiple cancers, such as colorectal cancer. Traditional PCR with capillary electrophoresis and next-generation sequencing using paired tumor tissue and leukocyte samples are the main approaches for MSI detection due to their high sensitivity and specificity. Currently, patient tissue samples are obtained through puncture or surgery, which causes injury and risk of concurrent disease, further illustrating the need for MSI detection by liquid biopsy. Methods: We propose an analytic method using paired plasma/leukocyte samples and MSI detection using next-generation sequencing technology. Based on the theoretical progress of oncogenesis, we hypothesized that the microsatellite site length in plasma equals the combination of the distribution of tumor tissue and leukocytes. Thus, we defined a window-judgement method to identify whether biomarkers were stable. Results: Compared to traditional PCR as the standard, we evaluated three methods in 20 samples (MSI-H:3/MSS:17): peak shifting method using tissue vs. leukocytes, peak shifting method using plasma vs. leukocytes, and our method using plasma vs. leukocytes. Compared to traditional PCR, we observed a sensitivity of 100%, 0%, and 100%, and a specificity of 100.00%, 94.12%, and 88.24%, respectively. Conclusion: Our method has the advantage of possibly detecting MSI in a liquid biopsy and provides a novel direction for future studies to increase the specificity of the method.

A solvothermal route was developed to synthesize hierarchical TiO2nanoflowers with tunable morphology, macroporous and mesoporous structure, and larger surface areas by varying the ratio of N,N-dimethylformamide to isopropyl alcohol without using surfactant and template. Morphology and microstructure, textural, crystalline, optical and photoelectric properties were characterized to investigate thoroughly the correlation of features and photoactivity of catalysts. The photoactivity was evaluated for the degradation of phenol through analyzing the phenolic compounds. The catalysts exhibited significantly high photocatalytic activity with the degradation rate of phenol of 95%, and the decrease of total organic carbon (TOC) was 82 ± 3% under ultraviolet radiation (UV) for 180 min at room temperature. Meanwhile, the excellent cyclic stability and regenerability were obtained during five cycles and continued illumination. The enhanced photocatalytic activity probably was attributed to larger surface areas, hierarchical porous structure, effective generation and separation of the charge carriers, and outstanding light-harvesting ability.

Ruthenium(II)-catalyzed ortho-C–H alkylation of naphthylamines with diazo compounds for the synthesis of 2,2-disubstituted π-extended 3-oxindoles has been developed. The method represents the first example of C–H alkylation via carbenoid insertion in water as a sustainable solvent. The procedure includes an inexpensive ruthenium catalyst as well as aqueous media and results in the release of benign N2. The π-extended 3-oxindole products exhibit favorable antitumor properties and remarkable fluorescent properties in aqueous solution for fluorescent imaging.

The water–gas shift (WGS) reaction is a crucial process for hydrogen production. Unfortunately, achieving high reaction rates and yields for the WGS reaction at low temperatures remains a challenge due to kinetic limitations. Here, nonthermal plasma coupled to Cu/γ-Al2O3catalysts was employed to enable the WGS reaction at considerably lower temperatures (up to 140 °C). For comparison, thermal-catalytic WGS reactions using the same catalysts were conducted at 140–300 °C. The best performance (72.1% CO conversion and 67.4% H2yield) was achieved using an 8 wt % Cu/γ-Al2O3catalyst in plasma catalysis at ∼140 °C, with 8.74 MJ mol–1energy consumption and 8.5% H2fuel production efficiency. Notably, conventional thermal catalysis proved to be ineffective at such low temperatures. Density functional theory calculations, coupled with in situdiffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, revealed that the plasma-generated OH radicals significantly enhanced the WGS reaction by influencing both the redox and carboxyl reaction pathways.

Minimally invasive embolization greatly decreases the mortality resulting from vascular injuries while still suffering from a high risk of recanalization and systematic thrombosis due to the intrinsic hydrophobicity and poor adhesion of the clinically used liquid embolic agent of Lipiodol. In this study, a shape self-adaptive liquid embolic agent was developed by mixing biocompatible poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), two-dimensional magnesium–aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH), and poly(ethylene glycol)200 (PEG200). Upon contact with blood, the injectable PAA-LDH@PEG200 would quickly absorb water to form an adhesive and mechanically strong PAA-LDH thin hydrogel within 5 s, which could firmly adhere to the blood vessel wall for ultrafast and durable embolization. In addition, benefiting from the “positively charged nucleic center effect” of LDH nanosheets, the liquid PAA-LDH@PEG200 could avoid vascular distension by PAA overexpansion and possess high shock-resistant mechanical strength from the blood flow. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo embolization experiments demonstrated the complete embolic capacity of liquid PAA-LDH@PEG200 without the occurrence of recanalization for 28 days and also the great potential to act as a platform to couple with chemotherapeutic drugs for the minimized transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment of VX2 tumors without recurrence for 18 days. Thus, liquid PAA-LDH@PEG200 developed here possesses great potential to act as a shape self-adaptive liquid embolic agent for ultrafast and durable vascular embolization.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer an opportunity to overcome multidrug resistance. Here, novel peptides were designed based on AMP fragments derived from sea cucumber hemolytic lectin to enhance anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) activity with less side effects. Two designed peptides, CGS19 (LARVARRVIRFIRRAW-NH2) and CGS20 (RRRLARRLIFFIRRAW-NH2), exhibited strong antibacterial activities against clinically isolated MRSA with MICs of 3–6 μM, but no obvious cytotoxicity was observed. Consistently, CGS19 and CGS20 exerted rapid bactericidal activity and effectively induced 5.9 and 5.8 log reduction of MRSA counts in mouse subeschar, respectively. Further, CGS19 and CGS20 kill bacteria not only through disturbing membrane integrity but also by binding formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase, a key enzyme in the folate metabolism pathway, thereby inhibiting the folate pathway of MRSA. CGS19 and CGS20 are promising lead candidates for drug development against MRSA infection. The dual mechanisms on the identical peptide sequence or scaffold might be an underappreciated manner of treating life-threatening pathogens.

We describe a novel and safe use of existing instrumentation in the removal of select foreign bodies in the upper aerodigestive tract to minimize health-care costs. A retrospective review of 4 cases involving visualized upper aerodigestive tract foreign bodies were identified via flexible laryngoscopy and extracted under local anesthesia from 2016 to 2018. All 4 patients were not in any airway distress and underwent successful removal of the foreign body, which included 2 fishbones, a sewing pin, and a wire bristle with a maxillary Heuwieser or giraffe instrument under flexible laryngoscopy visualizing using local anesthesia without complications. No foreign bodies were dislodged. The use of a maxillary Heuwieser and flexible laryngoscopy visualization is safe, allows for removal of otherwise difficult to reach foreign bodies at the bedside, improving patient comfort, obviates the need for general anesthesia to the patient, and minimizes health-care costs.

The Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt (MLYMB) is an important mineral resource region in China. High-resolution crustal models can provide crucial constraints to understand the ore-forming processes and geodynamic setting in this region. Using ambient seismic noise from 107 permanent and 82 portable stations in the MLYMB and the adjacent area, we present a new high-resolution 3D S-wave velocity model of this region. We first extract 5–50 s Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion data by calculating ambient noise cross-correlation functions (CFs) and then use the surface wave direct inversion method to invert the mixed path travel times for the 3D S-wave velocity structure. Checkerboard tests show that the horizontal resolution of the 3D S-wave velocity model is approximately 0.5°–1.0° and that the vertical resolution decreases with increasing noise and depth. Our high-resolution 3D S-wave velocity model reveals: (1) A V-shaped high-velocity zone (HVZ) is located in the lower crust and the uppermost mantle in the study region. The western branch of the HVZ passes through the Jianghan Basin, the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt and the Nanxiang Basin. The eastern branch, which almost completely covers the main body of the MLYMB, is located near the Tanlu Fault. The low-velocity anomalies between the western and eastern branches are located in the area of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt. (2) High-velocity uplifts (HVUs) are common in the crust of the MLYMB, especially in the areas near the Tanlu Fault, the Changjiang Fault and the Yangxin-Changzhou Fault. The intensities of the HVUs gradually weaken from west to east. The V-shaped HVZ in the lower crust and uppermost mantle and the HVUs in the middle and lower crust likely represent cooled mantle intrusive rocks. During the Yanshanian period, fault systems formed in the MLYMB due to the convergence between the South China Plate and the North China Plate, the multiple-direction drifting of the Paleo-Pacific Plate and its subduction beneath the Eurasian Plate. The dehydration of the cold oceanic crust led to partial melting in the upper mantle. Temperature differences caused strong convection of the upper mantle material that underplated the lower crust and rose to near the surface along the deep fault systems. After mixing with the crustal materials, mineralization processes, such as assimilation and fractional crystallization, occurred in the MLYMB.

Deciphering the relationship between lateral growth of faults and along‐strike deformation (i.e., shortening and uplift) in the Earth's upper crust remains a challenge. Here we gain insight into the relation between these processes by studying the Kashi anticline, an asymmetric, doubly plunging thrust‐fault‐related fold located in the southwest Tian Shan, China. We use seismic interpretation and field observations, together with 2‐D trishear and excess area methods, to quantify the distribution of shortening along this structure. The shortening distribution along strike of the Kashi anticline is nonlinear and has a peaked, asymmetric, bell shape, with a maximum value of 5.9 ± 0.2 km. After comparing the 3‐D structural model of the Kashi anticline and our trishear models, we propose that lateral propagation‐to‐maximum shortening ratio, initiation fault length, and lateral propagation rate control the lateral fault propagation process and the fold terminations. Moreover, the 3‐D fault morphology and the ages of the growth strata suggest that the Kashi anticline experienced two stages of lateral growth with propagation rates of 60 km/Ma between 1.4 ± 0.2 Myr and 0.9 ± 0.3 Ma, and ~67 km/Myr from 0.9 ± 0.3 Ma to present. These observations highlight the relation between the evolution of lateral fault growth and the along‐strike shortening distribution, allowing us to use the latter (which we can measure) to infer the former (which we cannot). These novel insights from the Kashi anticline can be used to understand lateral growth of thrust and normal faults worldwide. Structural interpretations reveal that the western segment of Kashi anticline is a trishear fault propagation fold, whereas the eastern segment is a detachment foldVariations of lateral fault growth produced along‐strike shortening distribution with a peaked, nonlinear bell shapeKashi anticline experienced two stages of lateral growth with propagation rates of 60 km/Myr between 1.4 ± 0.2 and 0.9 ± 0.3 Ma, and ~67 km/Myr from 0.9 ± 0.3 Ma to present

The Qilian Shan, at the northeastern frontier of the Tibetan Plateau, is a key area for studying the expansion mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau. Although previous thermochronology and paleomagnetic studies indicate Neogene northward expansion of the northern Qilian Shan, there is a distinct temporal gap in knowledge relative to the tectonic history of the southern Qilian Shan. This has hindered a complete understanding of the Cenozoic deformation pattern of the entire Qilian Shan. To study the growth history of the southern Qilian Shan, apatite fission track (AFT) data have been acquired from Zongwulong Shan and the Huaitoutala section. AFT thermal history modeling from the former shows a rapid cooling episode occurred at ~18–11 Ma, which is interpreted as marking the onset of intensive exhumation in the southern Qilian Shan. Within the Huaitoutala section, detrital grain up‐section shows progressively decreasing peak AFT ages followed by an age increase from midsection, implying that a sediment‐recycling event occurred at approximately 7 ± 2 Ma. Together with a shift in paleocurrent directions, this change marks the onset of Late Miocene deformation of the northern Qaidam Basin. Combined with previous studies on the deformation time of the Qilian Shan, our findings suggest that both the northern and southern Qilian Shan region grew outward synchronously in opposite directions during the Neogene. This resulted in the formation of a flower structure, which had an important impact on the deformation pattern of north Tibet. The synchronous outward expansion may have been triggered by the removal of mantle beneath north Tibet. Apatite fission track data reveal rapid cooling of southern Qilian Shan since 18–11 Ma and sediment recycling of the Qaidam basin at 7 ± 2 MaNew results indicate southward expansion of the southern Qilian Shan at ~18–11 Ma and 7 ± 2 MaDuring the Neogene, the northern and southern Qilian Shan region grew outward synchronously in opposite directions

A simple, efficient and green procedure for the synthesis of spiro-oxindole dihyfroquinazolinones was developed by multi-component condensation of isatoic anhydride, aniline and isatin in the presence of a novel solid acid catalyst under ultrasound irradiation. The present environmentally benign protocol offers several advantages, such as shorter reaction time, a wide range of functional group tolerance, the use of an inexpensive heterogeneous catalyst, and a high yield of products viaa simple experimental and work-up procedure. The mesoporous solid acid catalyst was directly prepared from phytic acid by microwave-sulfonation method without template. The phytic acid based solid acid was fully characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The catalyst can be recovered and reused for at least five runs without significant impact on the product yields.

The uplift of orogenic plateaus has been assumed to be coincident with the fluvial incision of the gorges that commonly cut plateau margins. The Mekong River, which drains the eastern Qiangtang Terrane and southeastern Tibetan Plateau, is one of the ten largest rivers in the world by water and sediment discharge. When the Mekong River was established remains highly debated—with estimates that range from more than 55 to less than 5 million years ago—despite being a key constraint on the elevation history of the Tibetan Plateau. Here we report low-temperature thermochronology data from river bedrock samples that reveal a phase of rapid downward incision (>700 m) of the Mekong River during the middle Miocene about 17 million years ago, long after the uplift of the central and southeastern Tibetan Plateau. However, this coincides with a period of enhanced East Asian summer monsoon precipitation over the region compared with the early Miocene. Using stream profile modelling, we demonstrate that such an increase in precipitation could have produced the observed incision in the Mekong River. In the absence of an obvious tectonic contribution, we suggest that the rapid incision of the Tibetan Plateau and the establishment of the Mekong River in the middle Miocene may be attributed to increased erosion during a period of high monsoon precipitation.

Rhizome, a modified subterranean plant stem, has been used in China for centuries as a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Polygonati Rhizome(PR) is a well-known species in the Rhizome family. Previous studies show that PR might be beneficial in the treatment of osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes, and many other diseases because of its properties such as antioxidant property. Thus cultivated PR strains were developed to fulfil the increasing demands. However, the metabolite profile differences between wild-type and cultivated PR remain largely unknown. Here, we performed unbiased and untargeted quantitative mass spectrometry-based metabolomics on 1 wild strain and 3 cultivated strains. A total of 1126 metabolites were identified on all 4 strains. Analyses of these data with unsupervised and supervised approaches identified common metabolites in all 4 strains as well as strain-specific metabolites. Next, we conducted a metabolomic-wide pairwise correlation analysis on metabolite abundance and discovered 577 significantly correlated metabolite-metabolite pairs by Pearson's correlation test. Importantly, KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that phenylpropanoids biosynthesis was the most differentially expressed pathway between cultivated and wild-type PR. By contrast, common metabolites on all 4 strains might suggest shared therapeutic targets. In summary, the systematic, untargeted metabolomics profiling of 4 PR strains and comprehensive data analyses provide invaluable resources to the understanding of the metabolite landscape and shed light on potential therapeutic applications for the treatment of diseases.

We have developed a sustainable method to produce NH3directly from air using a plasma tandem-electrocatalysis system that operates via the N2–NOx–NH3pathway. To efficiently reduce NO2–to NH3, we propose a novel electrocatalyst consisting of defective N-doped molybdenum sulfide nanosheets on vertical graphene arrays (N-MoS2/VGs). We used a plasma engraving process to form the metallic 1T phase, N doping, and S vacancies in the electrocatalyst simultaneously. Our system exhibited a remarkable NH3production rate of 7.3 mg h–1cm–2at −0.53 V vs RHE, which is almost 100 times higher than the state-of-the-art electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction and more than double that of other hybrid systems. Moreover, a low energy consumption of only 2.4 MJ molNH3–1was achieved in this study. Density functional theory calculations revealed that S vacancies and doped N atoms play a dominant role in the selective reduction of NO2–to NH3. This study opens up new avenues for efficient NH3production using cascade systems.

The development of Cenozoic basins in the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau is central to understanding the dynamics of plateau growth. Here we present a magnetostratigraphy from the Lanzhou Basin, dating the terrestrial deposits from the Eocene (~47 Ma) to the middle Miocene (~15 Ma). The stratigraphic observation, palocurrent, and sediment provenance analysis suggest that the Lanzhou Basin (subbasin of the Longzhong Basin) probably initiated as a topographically enclosed depression during Eocene to early Oligocene (~47–30 Ma). We suspect that right‐lateral transtensional deformation inherited from the Cretaceous may result in formation of the Lanzhou Basin at the Eocene. Subsequently, changes in paleocurrent, sandstone and conglomerate compositions and detrital zircon provenance reflect the pulsed growth of the West Qinling at ~30 Ma, which triggered not only the formation of new flexural subsidence to the north of the West Qinling, but also renewed subsidence of Lanzhou Basin into the broad foreland basin system. We compare this growth history with major NE Tibet deformation and suggest that it may result from northeastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau due to the onset of Altyn Tagh Fault activity at Oligocene. Lanzhou Basin preserves a record extending from basin formation at ~47 Ma until ~15 MaThe basin initiated as a topographically enclosed depression at ~47 Ma resulting from right‐lateral transtensional deformationThe pulsed uplift of the West Qinling that occurred at ~30 Ma suggests outward growth of the Tibetan Plateau

The kinematic characteristics of the Sanguankou-Niushoushan fault (SGK-NSSF) are of great significance to the understanding of the extension of the arc tectonic belt in the northeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau. Using field surveys and various data collection methods, including large-scale geological mapping, measurement of typical topographies, and dating of sedimentary strata, it was determined that the SGK-NSSF exhibits obvious dextral strike-slip characteristics and thus is not a sinistral strike-slip fault, as believed by previous researchers. The results of this study show that the geological boundaries for the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras were all dextrally dislocated by the fault, with the faulted displacements being similar. The maximum strike-slip displacement of the fault, after elimination of topographic effects, was found to be 961±6 m. The Sanguankou fault at the northern section exhibits obvious characteristics of more recent activities, with a series of small gullies having undergone synchronized dextral writhing after traversing the fault. The average horizontal slip rate of the fault since the late Quaternary was determined to be approximately 0.35 mm/a. The pre-existing fold structures formed during the late Pliocene were dislocated by the fault and became ex situ, indicating that dextral strike-slip of the fault could not have occurred prior to the late Pliocene. The maximum displacements and average slip rates were used to estimate the onset time of the dextral strike-slip activities of the fault as being after 2.7 Ma. In this study, the understanding of previous researchers concerning the extension in the northeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau was combined with analyses of the successive relationships between fold deformations and fault activities. This led to the finding that the extension in the northeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau reached the vicinity of the SGK-NSSF during the late Pliocene (∼2.7 Ma), causing regional uplift and fold deformations of the strata there. During the early Quaternary, the northeastern compression of the Tibet Plateau and the counterclockwise rotation of the Ordos block collectively resulted in the dextral strike-slip activities of the SGK-NSSF. This then formed the foremost margin of the arc tectonic belt extension in the northeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau.

CuxOy@C was directly prepared with glucose and a copper(II) salt by a one-pot hydrothermal method. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, TG, XPS, FT-IR and SEM. The catalytic performance for the hydroxylation of benzene to phenol in acetonitrile with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant was investigated. The features of the reaction system with the prepared heterogeneous catalyst were studied by various reaction parameters including reaction temperature, catalyst amount, hydrogen peroxide amount, reaction time, effect of solvents and additives. The result showed that solvent and additive affect the yield of phenol.