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In the presence of visible light irradiation, organophoto/nickel dual catalysts, and the mild base K2HPO4, 1,3-enynes react with silanecarboxylic acids to give the corresponding α-silylallenes with high selectivity. In this uniquely decarboxylative hydrosilylation of 1,3-enynes, a silyl radical process is involved and diverse electron-rich and -poor substrates proceed smoothly in moderate to excellent yields. This transformation is particularly synthetically worthwhile when using MeOD as the solvent, which furnishes new access to α-silyldeuteroallenes.

Acute alcoholic liver injury (AALI) is hard to diagnose on account of no obvious clinical symptoms, and thereby it easily develops into serious liver diseases and threatens people's health. However, traditional methods for detecting AALI are far from satisfactory due to the low sensitivity, invasiveness and non-visualization, and the development of new techniques is in urgent demand. Near-infrared (NIR)-II fluorescence imaging has been widely studied in biochemistry and biomedicine. As the blood flow velocity of the liver is closely related to the progression of AALI, herein, a NIR-II fluorescent nanoprobe, NTPB-NPs, was applied to diagnose AALI by monitoring the fluorescence intensity changes in the liver caused by the variations of the blood flow velocity. More importantly, when medication was applied to alleviate the liver injury of AALI mice, NTPB-NPs could also track the therapeutic effect in situ. In this study, the relationship between hepatic vascular velocity and the progression of AALI was confirmed with NTPB-NPs viaNIR-II imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a NIR-II fluorescence imaging technique has been used to diagnose AALI mice and evaluate the therapeutic effect on AALI mice. This study may also provide a potential NIR-II imaging agent for clinical research to improve the management of liver injury related diseases.

Lentinan (LNT), a typical triple helix β-glucan extracted from Lentinus edodes, has been widely used as a functional food and an orally administered drug. However, its oral pharmacokinetics has been rarely reported. The aim of this work is to systematically study the pharmacokinetics and intestinal absorption mechanism of LNT after oral administration. Radioactive 99m-technetium (99mTc) was introduced to label LNT to determine the plasma concentration, tissue distribution, and excretion of the β-glucan in rats after oral administration. The results confirmed the absorption of LNT, with the maximal plasma concentration reached at 1 h. 5-([4,6-Dichlorotriazin-2-yl]amino)fluorescein (DTAF) was used to label LNT to explore the absorption mechanism of LNT, utilizing both a Ussing chamber and a monolayer of Caco-2 cells. These transport assays showed that LNT could penetrate through the intestine and epithelial monolayer, which was mediated by macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. These findings provide a pharmacokinetic reference for LNT and help provide a greater understanding of the absorption of β-glucans in general.

Large-area horizontal-aligned ZnO nanotubes (ZNTs), TiO2nanotubes (TNTs), TiO2–ZnO core–shell nanotubes (TZNTs) and ZnO-TiO2core–shell nanotubes (ZTNTs) were successfully synthesized by electrospinning combined with pulsed-laser deposition. The morphology, structure, and composition of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of these samples indicate that the addition of a TiO2layer greatly decreases the recombination of photogenerated carriers in the heterojunction nanotubes. The photodetectors (PDs) were fabricated by assembling horizontally ordered nanotubes on the gold interdigital electrode, and their ultraviolet (UV) detection performances were compared. The test results at room temperature show that the PD with aligned ZTNTs have the best UV response and a short response recovery time. In addition, the performance of ZTNT PDs and TZNT PDs are further improved under heating. The photo/dark current ratio, responsivity (Rλ), detectivity (D*), and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ZTNTs increased to 388, 450 uA·W–1, 1.1 × 1010cm·Hz1/2·W–1, and 0.15%, respectively, under the condition of 365 nm UV radiation with a power density of 4.9 mW·cm–2and a 1 V bias at 90 °C. The UV response mechanism and structural superiority of the horizontally ordered coaxial heteronanotube were also discussed. In addition, this work provides an important method for the design of other ordered nanomaterials and structures, which have a wide range of applications in the fields of sensors, transistors, transparent flexible electrodes, and other multifunctional devices.

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have electronic and optoelectronic properties that make them appealing in many device applications1–4. Although many approaches focus on polycrystalline materials5–7, single-crystal hybrid perovskites show improved carrier transport and enhanced stability over their polycrystalline counterparts, due to their orientation-dependent transport behaviour8–10and lower defect concentrations11,12. However, the fabrication of single-crystal hybrid perovskites, and controlling their morphology and composition, are challenging12. Here we report a solution-based lithography-assisted epitaxial-growth-and-transfer method for fabricating single-crystal hybrid perovskites on arbitrary substrates, with precise control of their thickness (from about 600 nanometres to about 100 micrometres), area (continuous thin films up to about 5.5 centimetres by 5.5 centimetres), and composition gradient in the thickness direction (for example, from methylammonium lead iodide, MAPbI3, to MAPb0.5Sn0.5I3). The transferred single-crystal hybrid perovskites are of comparable quality to those directly grown on epitaxial substrates, and are mechanically flexible depending on the thickness. Lead–tin gradient alloying allows the formation of a graded electronic bandgap, which increases the carrier mobility and impedes carrier recombination. Devices based on these single-crystal hybrid perovskites show not only high stability against various degradation factors but also good performance (for example, solar cells based on lead–tin-gradient structures with an average efficiency of 18.77 per cent).

A mild and concise diazoarylation of [1.1.1]propellane is described, which provides a modular approach to arylated diazo bicyclopentanes (BCPs). This reaction proceeds smoothly under basic conditions without requiring other additives or catalysts. The substrate scope shows that various electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups are tolerated, and the subsequent modifications provide a novel avenue for assembling arylamino-BCP analogs.

Herein we unveil a visible-light-driven transition-metal-free 1,3-bromodifluoroallylation of [1.1.1]propellane. This reactivity is harnessed through organophotocatalysis, providing practical synthetic pathways to 1-brominated-3-gem-difluoroallylic bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane derivatives, particularly derived from readily available α-trifluoromethylalkenes and inexpensive KBr salts utilized as precursors for bromine radicals. Mechanistic investigations reveal that bromide anions quench the excited state of the photocatalyst, leading to the formation of bromine radicals, which react in a strain-release radical addition process rather than hydrogen atom abstraction with [1.1.1]propellane.

Herein we present a visible-light-facilitated transition-metal-free allylic silylation reaction under mild conditions. This protocol is enabled by an inexpensive organophotocatalyst and provides efficient and concise synthetic routes to substituted allylsilanes, particularly from readily available allyl sulfones and stable silanecarboxylic acids as silyl radical precursors. Further investigations reveal that this strategy is also generally compatible with vinyl sulfones to access vinylsilanes. The silver catalytic system opens up an alternative entry to realize the decarboxylative allylation of silanecarboxylic acids.

Objectives: To explore the clinical significance of 18F-FDG metabolic imaging in the diagnosis and biological risk assessment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Methods: This study is a clinical retrospective study. The research subjects were patients with GIST who were admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 and underwent 18F-FDG metabolic imaging, and the relationship between biological risk and FDG metabolism was analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 32 patients with GIST were included in this study, of which 17 patients had very low and low-risk lesions, and the FDG metabolism level did not increase; five patients had moderate-risk gastric lesions, and the FDG metabolism level was abnormally increased; 10 patients had high-risk lesions, and except for one patient with multiple lesions, the FDG metabolism level of these patients was increased. Conclusions: The level of glucose metabolism is abnormally increased in tumor cells with vigorous mitosis and has higher biological risk. The 18F-FDG metabolism level can determine the biological risk of GIST and whether high-risk lesions involve other tissues and organs, as it more comprehensively reflects the distribution of lesions, the activity of tumor cells and the stage of the disease.

The multichannel concentric‐ring electrodes are stencil printed on stretchable elastomers modified to improve adhesion to skin and minimize motion artifacts for electrophysiological recordings of electroencephalography, electromyography, and electrocardiography. These dry electrodes with a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate interface layer are optimized to show lower noise level than that of commercial gel disc electrodes. The concentric ring geometry enables Laplacian filtering to pinpoint the bioelectric potential source with spatial resolution determined by the ring distance. This work shows a new fabrication approach to integrate and create designs that enhance spatial resolution for high‐quality electrophysiology monitoring devices. Multichannel concentric‐ring electrodes are stencil printed on stretchable elastomersmodified to improve adhesion to skin and minimize motion artifacts for electrophysiological recordings of electroencephalography, electromyography, and electrocardiography. These dry electrodes show lower noise than that of commercial gel electrodes. This work shows a new fabrication approach to integrate and create designs that enhance spatial resolution for high‐quality electrophysiology monitoring devices.