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Diagnostic and monitoring for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) predominantly rely on serum aminotransferases. However, owing to their widespread expression across multiple organs, a significant challenge emerges from the absence of reliable biomarkers for DILI diagnosis. Herein, we introduce a concept for DILI detection, circumventing the nonspecific elevation and delayed release of aminotransferases and then straightforwardly focusing on the core feature of DILI, abnormal gene expression caused by drug overdose. The developed full-scale platform integrates the properties of spherical nucleic acids with elaborately designed fluorescence in situhybridization sequences, enabling the sensitive and specific profiling of drug-overdosed miR-122 expression alterations across molecular, cellular, organismal, and clinical scales and effectively bypassing the phenotypic features of disease. Furthermore, the diagnostic efficacies of serum and total RNA extracted from both mouse and human blood samples for DILI diagnosis were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve and principal component analysis. We anticipate that this universal platform holds potential in facilitating DILI diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, and prognosis.

Ti3C2TxMXene is a versatile two-dimensional material that exhibits exceptional properties, such as an abundance of surface functional groups that facilitate modifications. Additionally, Ti3C2TxMXene possesses remarkable photothermal effects. In this study, ultrathin Ti3C2Txnanosheets with dimensions (∼200 nm) suitable for biological applications were prepared by ultrasonication of larger pieces of Ti3C2TxMXene with a cell pulverizer operating at a specific power. The ultrathin nanosheets exhibited a significant photothermal conversion efficiency (47.1%) under an 808 nm infrared laser irradiation. In addition, they showed an excellent mass extinction coefficient of 15.7 L g–1cm–1. By exploiting the intermolecular force between these ultrathin nanosheets and doxorubicin (DOX), a drug loading efficiency of 72.8% was achieved. Through layer-by-layer surface modification of a sulfhydryl-modified polymethacrylic acid (PMAsh) shell and a transferrin (Tf) layer with targeting function, a multifunctional nanomedicine platform (Ti3C2Tx-DOX-PMAsh-Tf) was constructed. Experiments executed in vitro with cells and in vivo to inhibit tumors manifested that Ti3C2Txis biocompatible. Furthermore, the results showed that the drug release behavior of Ti3C2Tx-DOX-PMAsh-Tf is responsive to glutathione (GSH) stimulation. The synergistic treatment of photothermal therapy and the anticancer drug DOX effectively achieved the inhibition of human hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PHAs) containing heteroatoms have attracted considerable attention due to their potential utility in electronic devices. This work reported a novel domino reaction between an aryne precursor and azadiene bearing a benzothiophene moiety to produce a series of PHAs containing sulfur and nitrogen atoms. Further transformation of the product enabled concise synthesis of a new AIEgen, whose photophysical properties were characterized. Density functional calculations on the reaction mechanism revealed that the in situgenerated aryne could trigger either a [4 + 2] or [3 + 2] process with azadiene, in which the regioselectivity was mainly a result of the heteroatom effect and may be understood by means of Houk’s distortion-interaction model.

AbstractThe Co-doped, Cr-doped, and undoped mixed crystal TiO2powders were prepared by sol–gel and treatment methods and were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared technologies. And then these three kinds of prepared TiO2powders were used as catalysts in the degradation of Acid Red B (C.I. Carmosine 14) dye in aqueous solution under sunlight irradiation and their photocatalytic activities were also compared. The results showed that the Co-doped mixed crystal TiO2powder treatment at 600°C for 3.0 h showed highest photocatalytic activity among three photocatalysts. Apparently, the doped cobalt ions can not only restrain the growth of TiO2crystallites, which finally decreases the particle size and increase the specific surface area of TiO2particles, but also trap the photogenerated electrons and restrain the combination of hole-electron pairs. Otherwise, the mixed crystal can enhance the absorption ability for sunlight and cause the separation of holes and electrons. Thus, the prepared Co-doped mixed crystal TiO2powder is applicable for the treatment of wastewater under sunlight irradiation.

The Co-doped, Cr-doped, and undoped mixed crystal TiO2powders were prepared by sol–gel and treatment methods and were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared technologies. And then these three kinds of prepared TiO2powders were used as catalysts in the degradation of Acid Red B (C.I. Carmosine 14) dye in aqueous solution under sunlight irradiation and their photocatalytic activities were also compared. The results showed that the Co-doped mixed crystal TiO2powder treatment at 600°C for 3.0 h showed highest photocatalytic activity among three photocatalysts. Apparently, the doped cobalt ions can not only restrain the growth of TiO2crystallites, which finally decreases the particle size and increase the specific surface area of TiO2particles, but also trap the photogenerated electrons and restrain the combination of hole-electron pairs. Otherwise, the mixed crystal can enhance the absorption ability for sunlight and cause the separation of holes and electrons. Thus, the prepared Co-doped mixed crystal TiO2powder is applicable for the treatment of wastewater under sunlight irradiation.

AbstractIn this work, a new cavitation degradation method induced by air-bubbles passing small glass balls combined with TiO2powders was provided to remove congo red (CG-R) in aqueous solution. And then the degradation process of CG-R was inspected by using UV–vis, total organic carbon analyzer, and high performance liquid chromatography technologies. The remarkably high degradation effect (about 98.89%) of CG-R can be obtained when the experimental conditions of 80 min air-bubbling time, 50 mg/L initial concentration, 1,000 mg/L anatase TiO2amount, 3.0–3.5 mm glass ball diameter, 4.50 L/min gas flow rate, and pH 6.0 solution acidity at 15.0 ± 0.2°C temperature were adopted. From the results it can be infered that there is a synergetic effect between air-bubbles passing small glass balls and TiO2powders in the degradation of CG-R dyes. Moreover, the catalytic activity of nanometer anatase TiO2powder was obviously higher than that of rutile TiO2powder during the degradation of CG-R dyes. The degradation of CG-R induced by air-bubbles passing small glass balls combined with TiO2powders follows the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. All experimental results indicate that this new method was a feasible and promising choice for the treatments of organic wastewaters.

In this work, a new cavitation degradation method induced by air-bubbles passing small glass balls combined with TiO2powders was provided to remove congo red (CG-R) in aqueous solution. And then the degradation process of CG-R was inspected by using UV–vis, total organic carbon analyzer, and high performance liquid chromatography technologies. The remarkably high degradation effect (about 98.89%) of CG-R can be obtained when the experimental conditions of 80 min air-bubbling time, 50 mg/L initial concentration, 1,000 mg/L anatase TiO2amount, 3.0–3.5mm glass ball diameter, 4.50 L/min gas flow rate, and pH 6.0 solution acidity at 15.0 ± 0.2°C temperature were adopted. From the results it can be infered that there is a synergetic effect between air-bubbles passing small glass balls and TiO2powders in the degradation of CG-R dyes. Moreover, the catalytic activity of nanometer anatase TiO2powder was obviously higher than that of rutile TiO2powder during the degradation of CG-R dyes. The degradation of CG-R induced by air-bubbles passing small glass balls combined with TiO2powders follows the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. All experimental results indicate that this new method was a feasible and promising choice for the treatments of organic wastewaters.

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