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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor that primarily affects the elderly population. Surgery is one of the main treatment modalities for CRC. Frailty is a prevalent characteristic among the elderly and a leading cause of mortality. The frailty index (FI) is a comprehensive tool for assessing patients’ frailty status, quantifying indicators such as weight loss, fatigue, and nutritional status, to reflect the degree of frailty. In recent years, the FI has undergone modifications to more accurately evaluate the risk of surgical complications and prognosis in CRC patients. This review summarizes the methods for frailty assessment, the development and modifications of the FI, and compiles the research findings and applications of the FI in predicting surgical complications, postoperative recovery, and survival rates in CRC patients. Furthermore, limitations in the current modified frailty index (mFI) and future research directions are discussed. This review provides essential references for further understanding the role of frailty in CRC patients and the clinical application of the mFI.

Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the most prevalent cause of cancer mortality in China. The Miles operation and permanent colostomy are effective treatment. However, these affect the quality of life of patients as they alter normal defecation. Self-efficacy is used to define an individuals' assessments of their ability to perform a specific behavior successfully. It is regarded as an important belief that can predict health behaviors. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a self-efficacy intervention on the quality of life of patients with a permanent colostomy. Forty-eight patients in treatment for permanent colostomy surgery were divided into the control and intervention groups. The control group received routine nursing; the intervention group was exposed to a 3-month self-efficacy intervention, as well as routine nursing. The two groups completed the Chinese version of a self-efficacy questionnaire at 10 days, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery. Three months after surgery, the two groups also completed a quality-of-life questionnaire. There were significant differences in the quality of life between the two groups. The self-efficacy intervention nursing method improved self-efficacy and the quality of life of patients with intestinal stoma and is worthy of clinical utilization and application.

Low performance of cathode materials has become one of the major obstacles to the application of lithium-ion battery (LIB) in advanced portable electronic devices, hybrid electric vehicles, and electric vehicles. The present work reports a versatile oxygen-deficient LiV3O8(D-LVO) nanosheet that was synthesized successfully via a facile oxygen-deficient hydrothermal reaction followed by thermal annealing in Ar. When used as a cathode material for LIB, the prepared D-LVO nanosheets display remarkable capacity properties at various current densities (a capacity of 335, 317, 278, 246, 209, 167, and 133 mA h g–1at 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mA g–1, respectively) and excellent lithium-ion storage stability, maintaining more than 88% of the initial reversible capacity after 200 cycles at 1000 mA g–1. The outstanding electrochemical properties are believed to arise largely from the introduction of tetravalent V (∼15% V4+) and the attendant oxygen vacancies into LiV3O8nanosheets, leading to intrinsic electrical conductivity more than 1 order of magnitude higher and lithium-ion diffusion coefficient nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of LiV3O8without detectable V4+(N-LVO) and thus contributing to the easy lithium-ion diffusion, rapid phase transition, and the excellent electrochemical reversibility. Furthermore, the more uniform nanostructure, as well as the larger specific surface area of D-LVO than N-LVO nanosheets may also improve the electrolyte penetration and provide more reaction sites for fast lithium-ion diffusion during the discharge/charge processes.

Generally, incorporating different metals in a catalyst can provide a synergistic effect for enhancing the catalytic performance. However, the interaction between the two metals and the effect on the catalytic performance seem elusive. In this work, a bimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF) is synthesized, and then, a novel bimetallic catalyst is prepared for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The combination of these different metals and a MOF-derived porous carbon supporter offers a unique active surface structure that may lead to improved catalytic performance. Herein, alloy-type structures were observed in FeCo and FeNi bimetallic MOF-derived catalysts, while a solid solution with a spinel structure were observed in FeMn and FeZn bimetallic MOF-derived catalysts. The bimetallic catalysts supported on MOF-derived porous carbon display stable and excellent catalytic performance during 100 h compared with a single-metal Fe catalyst. X-ray diffraction measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and H2temperature-programed reduction were employed to study the synergistic effect of bimetallic components on surface composition and electronic and reduction properties accordingly. The relationship between catalytic performance and catalyst composition was deeply studied. These research work results will provide a new approach to design novel bimetallic FT catalysts.

Two processes of high‐salinity water (≥34.7 psu; HSW) intrusion were recorded by an Argo float in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) during fall‐winter of 2015/2016. Combined with the satellite altimetry and reanalysis data, the influence of related eddy pairs on HSW transport was investigated. The results show that apart from the Kuroshio‐originated anticyclonic eddy (AE), the localized cyclonic eddy (CE), and the westward jet between the eddy pair all contributed to the HSW transport. In the first process, the effect of eddy trapping accounted for 74% of the HSW transport, while the associated jet accounted for the residual 26%. The contribution of the southern CE was stronger than that of the northern AE. In the second process, the Kuroshio‐originated AE and its southern jet dominated the HSW transport. The westward jet conveyed abundant HSW to the interior SCS before the eddy pair propagated westward, accounting for 52% of HSW transport, while AE accounted for 43% and CE for 5%. Energy analysis showed that barotropic and baroclinic instabilities were important for the generation and growth of the AE in both processes, and CE in the first process was produced by baroclinic instability and wind stress work, while CE in the second process was predominantly triggered by barotropic instability. The development of eddy pairs combined with the SCS interior circulation jointly affected the HSW transport. This study identified the important contributions from two eddy pairs and discussed the effect of interior circulation‐Kuroshio interaction on HSW intrusion in the northern SCS. In this study, we report a special case in which two successive anticyclonic eddies were shed from the Kuroshio into the South China Sea (SCS) during fall‐winter of 2015/2016. We focus on the high‐salinity water (HSW) intrusion induced by the eddy pair that includes the Kuroshio‐originated anticyclonic eddy and the localized cyclonic eddy. The eddies and their associated jet contribute to the transport of HSW from the western Pacific to the northern SCS. The relative contributions of eddy trapping and jet transport were related to the development of the eddy pair and the interior circulation in the SCS. Two processes of eddy pair intrusion were revealed in the northeastern South China Sea during fall‐winter of 2015/2016The northern anticyclonic and southern cyclonic eddies, together with their associated jet, affected the high‐salinity water transportThe interior circulation and the development of eddy pairs jointly affected the relative contributions of eddy trapping and jet transport Two processes of eddy pair intrusion were revealed in the northeastern South China Sea during fall‐winter of 2015/2016 The northern anticyclonic and southern cyclonic eddies, together with their associated jet, affected the high‐salinity water transport The interior circulation and the development of eddy pairs jointly affected the relative contributions of eddy trapping and jet transport