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The association of three dimensions of eating behaviour [emotional eating, restrained eating, and external eating] with 13 years later cardiovascular damages have been investigated in the initially healthy STANISLAS (Suivi Temporaire Annuel Non-Invasif de la Santé des Lorrains Assurés Sociaux) cohort.Emotional eating was associated with higher pulse-wave velocity and an increased risk of diastolic dysfunction. External eating was associated with lower pulse-wave velocity.Stress level was found to be a mediator of the association found between emotional eating and diastolic dysfunction.Graphical Abstract

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The purpose of this study was to provide an in-depth analysis of the ciliary muscle’s (CM) morphological changes during accommodation by evaluating CM thickness (CMT) profiles. The CM of 15 near-emmetropic subjects (age 20-39) was imaged via optical coherence tomography (OCT) during far (0 D) and near vision (3 D). A custom-made Java-based program was used for semi-automatic CM segmentation and thickness measurements. CMT profiles were generated to determine regions of the largest shape changes. The results revealed on average a thinning within the first 0.25 mm and a thickening from 0.36 to 1.48 mm posterior to scleral spur when accommodating from 0 to 3 D. In contrast to previous analyses, this method offers pixel-wise reconstruction of CM shapes and quantification of accommodative change across the entire muscle boundary.

Évaluer l’adéquation des consommations alimentaires des femmes enceintes aux recommandations du Programme national nutrition santé (PNNS) et identifier les principaux facteurs démographiques et socioéconomiques associés.

Chronic impaired renal function constitutes a major risk factor of morbi-mortality during the treatment of an abdominal aortic aneurism (AAA). The inflammatory state due to the AAA could result in a reduction in the muscular mass and an overestimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with the usual formulas. The objective of this study was to determine if the formulas used to evaluate the estimated GFR were adapted in patients with AAA.

The article presents an interview with artist Ruben Ochoa who talks about his works. Topics discussed include his exhibition "Crooked Under the Weight" at the Santa Fe museum in Santa Fe, New Mexico, his site specific sculptures at the exhibition; depiction of relationship of siblings in his work "Get off me...I'm not on you!," and use of various materials such as cement and dirt in his "An Ideal Disjuncture" which was displayed at the Whitney Biennial.

An interview with Iranian artist Behnaz Farahi is presented. Topics include a discussion of where her work falls between architecture and sculpture and the influence from each discipline; a discussion of various art projects and installations, as well as where they have been exhibited; and the way she combines technology and art in her work.

An interview with the contemporary artist Urs Fischer is presented. Particular focus is given to his mid-career retrospective art exhibition, which will be held at the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) in Los Angeles, California, in 2013. Additional topics discussed include his studies in photography, how he explores space in his sculptures, and insights on his exhibition techniques.

An interview with the Korean-born artist Do Ho Suh is presented. Much of the discussion centers on his 2012 piece "Fallen Star," which consists of a 70-ton house installed at the edge of the roof of the Engineering School at the University of California San Diego in California. Other works pictured and discussed include the 2010 piece "Net-Work" and the 2011 piece "Gate--Seattle Version." The artist comments that all of his works are site-specific.

The family of horsetails (Equisetaceae) is characterized through their high content of silica (SiO2), which is the highest in known vascular plants. This work has focussed on two species of this family, Equisetum hyemale and Equisetum telmateia, where the biomorphous silica is deposited basically as amorphous SiO2in the outer epidermis of the plants. As source of SiO2, the original plant material was air-dried and carved or powdered. For the isolation process the biomaterial was pre-treated with aceotropic HCl. This pre-treatment has the advantage of the extraction of high amounts of the natural inorganic matrix. In a second step the organic matrix was removed by a thermal oxidative process in the temperature range of 275 - 1200 ?C to isolate the biogenic silicon dioxide from the perennial plant. Parameters of time, temperature and the thermal gradient were varied to optimize the process and to get products with the highest possible surface area. Furthermore, the particle morphology of the biogenic SiO2from leaves and stems was examined separately. The silica deposits were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, gravimetry, nitrogen sorption analysis, and sedimentation analysis.

Die Selbstkongruenzforschung untersucht die Konsequenzen einer Übereinstimmung der Persönlichkeit von Konsumenten mit korrespondierenden Imagebestandteilen von markierten Produkten (der Markenpersönlichkeit). Empirische Studien deuten darauf hin, dass Konsumenten eine Marke umso mehr bevorzugen, je mehr deren Markenpersönlichkeit ihrer eigenen Persönlichkeit ähnelt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung verfolgt das Ziel, die vorhandenen empirischen Forschungserkenntnisse quantitativstatistisch zu integrieren. Die metaanalytische Auswertung von 165 Effektstärkemaßen aus 32 Studien liefert einen hoch signifikanten mittleren Selbstkongruenzeffekt von r= 0,34, dessen Ausprägung in den einzelnen Studien jedoch erheblichen Schwankungen unterworfen ist. Ein Hypothesensystem wird entworfen, um die Varianz des Selbstkongruenzeffekts zu erklären. Die regressionsanalytische Überprüfung liefert Unterstützung für mehrere der postulierten Wirkungszusammenhänge. Self-congruity research investigates the influence of similarities between consumer self-concept (i.e. personality) and the image of branded products (i.e. brand personality) on brand preference and choice. The numerous empirical studies predominantly report a positive self-congruity effect on dispositions of brand choice. In this study, we conduct a meta-analysis of the empirical findings of self-congruity research. With a correlation coefficient of r= 0.34, the analysis of 165 empirical effect sizes from 32 studies yields a highly significant self-congruity effect. However, considerable variation in effect size can be observed. We identify moderator variables and postulate potential effects in order to account for the variance observed. The results of a regression analysis are supportive of several hypotheses.

Antibiotic peptides are important effector molecules in host‐parasite interactions throughout the living world. In vertebrates, they function in first‐line host defense by antagonizing a wide range of microbes including bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. The antibiotic activity is thought to be based on their cationic, amphipathic nature, which enables the peptides to impair vital membrane functions. Molecular details for such activities have been elaborated with model membranes; however, there is increasing evidence that these models may not reflect the complex processes involved in the killing of microbes. For example, the overall killing activity of the bacterial peptide antibiotic nisin is composed of independent activities such as the formation of target‐mediated pores, inhibition of cell‐wall biosynthesis, formation of nontargeted pores, and induction of autolysis. We studied the molecular modes of action of human defense peptides and tried to determine whether they impair membrane functions primarily and whether additional antibiotic activities may be found. We compared killing kinetics, solute efflux kinetics, membrane‐depolarization assays, and macromolecular biosynthesis assays and used several strains of Gram‐positive cocci as test strains. We found that membrane depolarization contributes to rapid killing of a significant fraction of target cells within a bacterial culture. However, substantial subpopulations appear to survive the primary effects on the membrane. Depending on individual strains and species and peptide concentrations, such subpopulations may resume growth or be killed through additional activities of the peptides. Such activities can include the activation of cell‐wall lytic enzymes, which appears of particular importance for killing of staphylococcal strains.

Die soziologische Diskussion um den Erfolg der Bildungsexpansion beschäftigt sich v.a. mit dem Abbau sozialer Ungleichheit beim Erwerb eines Abiturs bzw. Hochschulabschlusses. Weit weniger wird reflektiert, welche Konsequenzen die Bildungsexpansion für die Hauptschule hatte. Der Beitrag untersucht, inwieweit hier ein „creaming out“-Prozess stattgefunden hat, der vor allem Schüler mit deprivierten familiären Umweltbedingungen auf der Hauptschule zurückgelassen hat. Die Folge wäre eine Verschlechterung der Sozialisationsressourcen im Schulkontext von Hauptschülern, mit der auch negative Auswirkungen auf die schulischen Leistungen und die Aneignung sozialer Kompetenzen einhergehen würden. Die empirischen Analysen basieren auf den Lebensverlaufsdaten des Max-Planck-Instituts für Bildungsforschung und des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt-und Berufsforschung. Sie zeigen u.a., dass vermehrt Kinder, deren Eltern in einfachen Tätigkeiten beschäftigt sind und die in gestressten Familienverhältnissen leben, auf der Hauptschule zurückgeblieben sind. Bezogen auf den Schulkontext bedeutet dies, dass die Hauptschule weniger als früher ein Feld antizipatorischer Sozialisation darstellt. A paradoxical consequence of educational expansion: the twofold disadvantage of students in the lowest German school track Sociological research on the results of educational expansion focuses, particularly, on the reduction of social inequality in terms of access to higher education institutions. However, only seldom is the following question investigated: What are the consequences of the outflow to higher secondary school types for the lowest German school track (Hauptschule)? This paper examines to what extent a social “creaming-out” resulted in children from less-privileged families being left at this lowest school type. The consequence of this would be a deterioration of the school environment for these students. Ultimately, this could negatively influence the school attainment and the acquisition of social competencies of these students. The empirical analyses are based on life-course data conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development and the Institute for Employment Research (IAB). The analyses show that children with parents employed in low-skilled jobs and children growing up in a stressful family situation are over-proportionally left behind at the “Hauptschule”. In terms of the school environment, this means that the lowest German school track is far less a field of anticipatory socialization than it was in the past.

We investigated whether γδ T cells contribute to the suppression of myelopoiesis in HIV infection. Freshly isolated γδ T cells from HIV seropositive patients suppressed CFU–GM growthin vitro.Preactivation of γδ T cells with IL-2 and/or IL-15 further reduced the number of CFU–GM. Natural killer cells and to a lower extent CD4+and CD8+cells also inhibited CFU–GM growth. In contrast to γδ T cells, this effect was not dependent on IL-15 or IL-2 preactivation. Moreover, no enhanced inhibitory effect of CD56+and CD4+cells was observed in HIV+subjects compared to HIV−donors. The myelosuppressive effect of supernatants of γδ T cells could be inhibited by antibodies against IFN-γ or TNF-α. Accordingly, we found increased numbers of TNF-α- or IFN-γ-secreting CD8+γδ T cells in HIV+patients. We conclude that the increased fraction of activated γδ T cells producing myelosuppressive cytokines might contribute to the dyshematopoiesis frequently observed in HIV-infected individuals.

The APOBEC3 family of antiviral DNA cytosine deaminases is implicated as the second largest source of mutation in cancer. This mutational process may be a causal driver or inconsequential passenger to the overall tumor phenotype. We show that human APOBEC3A expression in murine colon and liver tissues increases tumorigenesis. All other APOBEC3 family members, including APOBEC3B, fail to promote liver tumor formation. Tumor DNA sequences from APOBEC3A-expressing animals display hallmark APOBEC signature mutations in TCA/T motifs. Bioinformatic comparisons of the observed APOBEC3A mutation signature in murine tumors, previously reported APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B mutation signatures in yeast, and reanalyzed APOBEC mutation signatures in human tumor datasets support cause-and-effect relationships for APOBEC3A-catalyzed deamination and mutagenesis in driving multiple human cancers.

Lead arsenate was a commonly used insecticide during the first half of the 20th century, particularly in deciduous tree fruit orchards. Antimony is cotransported with As during the ore refining process and could occur as an impurity in commercial lead arsenate products. The total concentrations of As and Sb in eight soil samples collected from eight orchards located throughout central Washington State were analyzed by neutron activation analysis. Total soil Sb concentrations ranged between 0.4 and 1.5 mg kg−1, while total soil As concentration ranged from 1 to 170 mg kg−1Total soil Sb and As concentrations were positively related. Total Pb and As concentrations in four of the soils were substantially higher than natural background, while the Sb to As concentration ratios in these soils were consistent with values measured in three lead arsenate insecticide products. These results confirm that Sb impurity is present in lead arsenate insecticide and has contributed to Sb enrichment of soils on which lead arsenate–treated plants were grown. Although higher than in uncontaminated soils from the same region, the Sb concentrations in the affected soils fall within the normal range observed worldwide and are substantially lower than values associated with impaired human or environmental health.

We recently reported on a novel semi-automatic method to study the morphological changes of the ciliary muscle during accommodation using optical coherence tomography [Biomed. Opt. Express9, 5100 (2018)]. Here we present an erratum concerning the calculation of the displacement of the ciliary muscle apex vs. the scleral spur, which affects the data described in Section 3.3 but not the main findings of our publication.

This article reviews an exhibition of the works of multimedia artist Mike Kelley at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, California.

The article "Steeped in Tradition" discusses the cultural significance of tea and the importance of respecting global tea etiquette. The author emphasizes the importance of understanding the traditions surrounding tea, such as not adding milk and sugar to Japanese tea. The article also briefly mentions Hawaii's evolving culinary scene and a reader's positive experience on a trip to India with Abercrombie & Kent. [Extracted from the article]