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Copyright of Quintessenz Zahnmedizin is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• This is the first time that cascaded FWM in HNLF–GO is investigated. • GO is a good nonlinear optical material for nonlinear wavelength conversion. • FWM conversion efficiency increases to a maximum of −14.5 dB. • The maximum spacing between signal and pump is 21 nm. The all-optical wavelength conversion using cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) phenomena with graphene oxide (GO) and a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) device is demonstrated experimentally. GO has a strong third-order nonlinear effect and is an excellent nonlinear optical material for nonlinear optical wavelength conversion. The group velocity matching of pump and signal, HNLF, and GO amplification promote the cascaded nonlinear frequency mixing process. From the experimental and analytical results, the maximum spacing between signal and pump is 21 nm, and specifically, the order of cascaded FWM light increases from order 1 to order 2 with increasing GO, and the first-order FWM conversion efficiency increases to a maximum of −14.5 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that cascaded FWM-based all-optical wavelength conversion in HNLF–GO with wide wavelength selectivity is investigated with combined pump and signal light. Our findings not only provide an effective method for achieving all-optical wavelength conversion in cascaded FWM but also offer the possibility of fabricating high-performance nonlinear optical devices. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the concept of invisibility and how various advancements have allowed us to perceive things previously unseen, such as atoms, ultraviolet light, and microscopic organisms. It explores how different creatures, including birds and snakes, have evolved to sense wavelengths beyond human capabilities, and how technology, like microscopes and electronic devices, has expanded our ability to interact with these invisible aspects of our world.

This article discusses how traditional notions of data collection in science, which rely on sensory experience, are evolving. In astronomy and physics, data collection now involves complex equipment and computer-based algorithms. The article highlights the overemphasis on visual observations in science and explores the use of different wavelengths of light, such as infrared and ultraviolet, to observe the cosmos. It also discusses the importance of neutrinos, subatomic particles that provide insight into the nature of the universe. Additionally, the article mentions the detection of gravitational waves and the development of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) for future space-based observations. [Extracted from the article]

In this work we have identified different types of induced losses which are found in 30-year-old land-based fibre cables using a three-wavelength analysis method based on OTDR measurements at 1310 nm, 1550 nm and 1625 nm on individual fibres. Local hydrogen induced losses are found in directly buried cables due to their light armouring which will decrease with increasing cable age. Microbend induced losses are found in less than 5 % of the measured fibres. There are no signs that the microbend induced losses increase with increasing fibre age. We believe that the observed micro bend losses may be caused by some mechanism in fibre production causing poor microbend resistance in sister fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ciena's WaveLogic 6 coherent optical technology benefits enterprises with reliable, high-speed connections between data centers.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ciena's WaveLogic 6 coherent optical technology benefits enterprises with reliable, high-speed connections between data centers.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate observation and dynamics of unique soliton pulsation regime in an ultrafast fiber laser at 1.7 μm. It is found that with either single-soliton pulse or multiple-soliton pulses in cavity the laser emission could exhibit periodic intensity and shot-to-shot spectra variations as measured based on the dispersive Fourier transformation (DFT) technique. Further, detailed studies turned out that the soliton pulsation can comprise numerous small pulses with random intensities, exhibiting chaotic characteristics. Besides, all the pulses within the multiple solitons possess identical pulsation period. In addition, despite of the fact that the temporal intervals between the multiple solitons are on the order of tens of nanoseconds among them, their pulsations demonstrate excellent synchronicity. The experimental observations are further revealed by numerical simulations. These results can provide insights into ways to optimize designs of laser sources and open up new potential for generation of pulsating solitons in ultrafast fiber lasers at different wavelengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A patent has been issued to Canon Kabushiki Kaisha for a measurement apparatus, measurement method, lithography apparatus, and article manufacturing method. The invention relates to the field of semiconductor integrated circuits and the need for high accuracy in aligning patterns on substrates. The patent describes a measurement apparatus that uses light of different wavelengths to measure the position of a target, with a wavefront changing unit that corrects wavefront aberrations. The invention has applications in lithography processes and article manufacturing. [Extracted from the article]

Arelion taps Ciena's WL6e technology to dramatically boost network capacity between sites in the US [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we have studied numerically the dynamics of the parametrically driven damped nonlinear Schrödinger equation (PDDNLS). The PDDNLS is a universal model to describe parametrically driven systems. In particular, we have characterized stationary Faraday patterns, periodic, quasi-periodic, and spatiotemporal chaos as a function of the amplitude and the frequency of the parametric driving force. We have computed the Lyapunov spectra, the Fourier spectra, the amplitude norm, and the Kaplan–Yorke dimensions as valuable indicators for the identification of several dynamical regimes. We show that in the Faraday regime, close to the bifurcation of the trivial state, the pattern amplitude scales with power one-fourth (1/4) of the bifurcation parameter. Furthermore, we have found that the pattern wavelength decreases when the detuning parameter increases. In the case of the high dimensional spatiotemporal chaotic states, we have found that the Kaplan–Yorke dimension increases linearly with the length of the system, showing its extensive character in this dynamical regime. We have also found a transition from low to high dimensional chaos when the forcing amplitude is increased. • Parametrically driven Nonlinear Schrödinger equation. • Stability of Faraday waves. • Transition from low dimensional chaos to high dimensional one. • Lyapunov spectrum of the extended systems and Kaplan–Yorke dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A quiz concerning various concepts of physics including electromagnetic wave, refractive index and wavelength of radiation is presented.

A1 and Nokia have successfully delivered an 800Gbps service transmission over a distance of 1276km across Europe on a single wavelength. This achievement will help A1 meet the increasing demand of its wholesale customers. The trial was completed using Nokia's network processor silicon and Photonic Service Engine optics. Nokia's technology allows A1 to efficiently scale its IP service and network capacity, providing high-speed connectivity to wholesale customers. [Extracted from the article]

The article highlights a transformative journey navigating waterways to find solace amid personal and global challenges. Topics include the versatility of inflatable paddleboards for travel, the camaraderie found among strangers along the route, and the therapeutic and ecological significance of spending time on water.

The author focuses on stringed instruments that have been examined in other spectral wavelength ranges and mentions purposes of documentation along with aid to restoration work. Topics discussed include techniques of examination with ultraviolet light (UV), overlying fluorescence that can be disadvantage in establishing original varnish and light frequency that can be interesting for luthiers.

The article offers information on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) which is a part of NASA's ongoing Flagship program which will offer unprecedented resolution and sensitivity from long-wavelength visible light through near-infrared to the mid-infrared. It states plans of the researchers regarding High Definition Space Telescope (HDST). It mentions that Modelers compare the resolution of a distant galaxy achieved by the HDST.

The article discusses a study on dentin hypersensitivity conducted by Sigmund Freud PrivatUniversität, published in the journal Clinical Trials Week on August 19, 2024. The study compares the effectiveness of laser treatments at three different wavelengths (2940 nm, 1064 nm, and 970 nm) versus a desensitizing agent (Gluma) in reducing pain scores, with topics including the clinical trial design, primary and secondary outcome measures, and recruitment details.

Researchers from Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology have conducted a study on using near-infrared wavelength imaging to assess the quality of fruits, particularly apples. The study found that the 700-900 nm wavelength is promising for evaluating food quality. Additionally, the optimal distance between the detector and the light source was determined to be one centimeter. This research provides valuable insights for creating evaluation tools and conducting experiments to assess fruit quality using optical methods. [Extracted from the article]

Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. has been issued a patent for a dual wavelength surgical laser system. The patent describes a surgical laser system that can discharge laser energies of different wavelengths for different laser treatments. The system includes an energy source, a gain medium, a non-linear crystal, an output, and path diversion assemblies. The first laser energy is directed along the output path in the first operating mode, while the second laser energy is diverted. In the second operating mode, the second laser energy is directed along the output path, and the first laser energy is diverted. The system can be used for coagulation and vaporization operations in surgical procedures. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been filed for a device that aims to assist color blind individuals in recognizing colors. The device includes a photon wavelength converting material that can change the color output of LED indicators in electronic devices to colors that are more easily distinguishable by color blind individuals. The converting material absorbs photons of one wavelength and emits photons of a different wavelength, allowing for a shift in color perception. The device can be embedded in a carrier material, such as tape or a lens, and can be removably attached to the indicator LED. This invention addresses the need for a system and method to modify LED indicator colors for color blind individuals. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in China has revealed new findings on cardiology. The study focused on predicting the viability of pedicled skin flaps before surgery using indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) at a wavelength of 1,450 nm. The researchers performed ICGA on mice and established a flap model to assess the effectiveness of ICGA in predicting flap survival. The results showed that ICGA at 1,450 nm wavelength can accurately delineate vessel structure and predict flap viability. This research has implications for reducing complications and improving flap design in patients. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on research speculating that fast radio bursts (FRB) are caused when black holes explode into white holes as a result of quantum gravity. It states theoretical physicist Carlo Rovelli theorized a unified theory called loop quantum gravity which proposes interlocking loops comprise space-time and would prevent the creation of a singularity within a black hole. It mentions speculation that primordial black holes explode in the same wavelength as that with FRB, with older FRB having shorter wavelengths than newer ones.

The article focuses on a study of synthetic wavelength holography capable of capturing detailed and instant snapshots of objects hidden from view published in the periodical "Nature Communications."

As we come to understand the secrets of iridescence in nature, we can harness this colourful phenomenon for a more sustainable future, finds Michael Allen [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cisco has successfully transmitted an 800Gbps wavelength across the Amitié transatlantic cable, which spans from Boston, Massachusetts to Bordeaux, France. The cable incorporates Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) technology, allowing for increased capacity and distribution of repeater power. This milestone demonstrates the potential for SDM cables to deliver higher capacity over traditional subsea cables. The Amitié cable system, commissioned by Aqua Comms, Meta, Microsoft, and Vodafone, boasts 16 fiber pairs and up to 400 Tbps capacity. Additionally, the European Commission has approved the merger of Orange and MASMOVIL in Spain. [Extracted from the article]

The document titled "Submarine Fiber Optic Communications" provides information on various topics related to submarine fiber optic cables. It mentions that WSense offers underwater wireless communication solutions that do not harm the marine environment. Alcatel Submarine Networks (ASN) is a leading provider of submarine transmission systems. DITO Tel and Converge ICT Solutions have signed an agreement to share terrestrial and submarine fiber optic cable assets in the Philippines. Hawaiki offers 400GbE services on the Hawaiki Transpacific Cable using Ciena's GeoMesh Extreme solution. The Kochi-Lakshadweep islands submarine optical fiber connection project in India will improve internet speed and enable various services like telemedicine and digital banking. The document also mentions the positive impact of customs duty exemption for vessels laying submarine cables in India. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses two main topics. Firstly, it highlights the urgent need for congressional action to provide funding for the Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP) in the United States. Without additional funding, the program will run out of money in April 2024, resulting in millions of households losing financial support for internet services. The termination of the ACP could also jeopardize the success of the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment Program. Secondly, the article discusses Windstream Wholesale's successful transmission of a 1 terabit per second (Tbps) wavelength over a 1,100-kilometer link using Cisco and Acacia's technology. This achievement demonstrates the company's commitment to technology leadership and networking expertise. [Extracted from the article]

According to a report from Dell'Oro Group, the optical DWDM equipment market is projected to reach $18 billion in revenue by 2028. The introduction of next-generation coherent DSPs capable of delivering speeds over one terabit per second is expected to drive market growth over the next five years. The report also highlights that demand for DWDM Long Haul equipment is projected to grow faster than Metro equipment, and shipment of coherent wavelengths capable of terabit-per-second speeds is forecast to grow at a 200 percent CAGR. Additionally, the competition between InfiniBand and Ethernet is intensifying in AI back-end networks, with Ethernet forecasted to make substantial gains in market share. Finally, Infinera predicts a surge in the adoption of 400G coherent pluggables and the arrival of 800G coherent pluggables based on 5nm DSP technology. [Extracted from the article]

Windstream Wholesale has successfully transmitted a 1 terabit per second (Tbps) wavelength over a 1,100-kilometer link using Cisco and Acacia's technology. This achievement demonstrates Windstream's commitment to technology leadership and networking expertise. The trial results highlight the successful implementation of disaggregated networking on production networks and the interoperability between vendors' transponders and third-party line systems. Additionally, a report from Dell'Oro Group predicts that the optical DWDM market will reach $18 billion in revenue by 2028, driven by the entry of coherent DSPs capable of delivering speeds over one terabit per second. [Extracted from the article]

The document discusses various developments in the field of optical networks and WDM. It mentions the construction of a new submarine cable called Te Waipounamu, which will connect New Zealand and Australia. The cable will have a total capacity of 120 Tbps and is expected to be commissioned by 2026. Additionally, Southern Cross is planning to implement Ciena's WaveLogic 6 Extreme technology to enable 800 Gb/s wavelengths across its Southern Cross cable. Finally, Telecom Egypt and Zain Omantel are partnering to establish a digital corridor connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Arabian Sea and Arabian Gulf, which will enhance connectivity and reduce construction costs for subsea cable owners. [Extracted from the article]

Zayo, a communications infrastructure leader, successfully transmitted 800Gb/s over a single wavelength using Nokia's Photonic Service Engine supercoherent optics. The transmission spanned 1,866km from Los Angeles to El Paso, setting a new North American distance record. Zayo also achieved a 1Tb/s transmission over 1004km between Los Angeles and Phoenix. This trial demonstrates the ability to reach higher capacity per wavelength on high-traffic routes. The technology allows Zayo to offer ever-increasing commercial wavelength speeds and enables industry-first Waves on Demand offering. [Extracted from the article]

This article from N-Photo discusses how to achieve an infrared look in photographs without converting your camera. It explains that infrared light is not visible to the human eye but can be detected and captured by certain cameras and sensors. The article provides step-by-step instructions on how to add an infrared look to photos using tonal adjustments and filters in Affinity Photo. It also offers tips on achieving a black and white infrared effect. The article includes example photos to illustrate the process. [Extracted from the article]

The article reports that according to a research there is expansion in the earth's artificially lit area. Topics include replacement of sodium- vapor technology by LED lamps; information on nasa satellite instrument called the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) which can measure long wavelengths of light such as those produced by traditional yellow-and-orange sodium-vapor street lamps; and views of Fabio Falchi, from Light Pollution Science and Technology Institute, on VIIRS.

The article discusses about the TwinFilm technology, a newly developed technique based on rotatable optical broadband filters helps with the selection of wavelengths and adjustment from the UV to nearIR range when using a broadband light source. It mentions that TwinFilm technology, used to build Spectrolight's flexible wavelength selector (FWS) line, which includes the Automated flexible wavelength selector.

The article focuses on the Trends in flow cytometry lasers call for more new wavelengths. Topics discussed include researchers are finding that new laser wavelengths and integrated multiwavelength laser light engines are enabling high-dimensional analyzers with improved performance; and Laser manufacturers are now meeting this requirement with new wavelengths in the UV, visible, and near-infrared (near-IR) ranges, as well as with multiwavelength laser light engines.

A recent report from Gachon University in South Korea discusses research on Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria that is becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. The study explores the use of natural phytochemical extracts and visible light at different wavelengths to enhance antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The researchers found that when certain phytochemical extracts were irradiated with specific wavelengths of light, the antibacterial activity increased significantly. This combination therapy shows potential as a non-antibiotic treatment for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The study also found that the treatment had no toxicity to human cells. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by ITMO University in St. Petersburg, Russia, explores the possibility of using laser radiation with a wavelength of 450 nm to deliver a chlorine-containing drug called Chloderm for the treatment of onychomycosis, a nail disease. The study investigates the absorption spectra of Chloderm before and after exposure to laser radiation and demonstrates that laser microporation and drug delivery under the nail plate are possible at specific laser radiation intensities. The research also examines the rate and efficiency of nail plate ablation and the delivery rate of Chloderm. The study concludes that exposure to laser radiation does not significantly alter the drug's properties. This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Quintessenz Zahnmedizin is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)