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Kumdykolite is a polymorph of albite that has been predominantly identified within crystallized melt inclusions in high-temperature metamorphic rocks. This study reports a new occurrence of kumdykolite that formed during internal mineral carbonation within amphibole-hosted fluid inclusions in post-collisional hornblendite from the Dabie orogen, central China. Amphibole in the hornblendite trapped CO2-rich fluid inclusions at the magmatic stage, and mineral carbonation, referring to the reaction of mineral rich in divalent cations and CO2into carbonate, occurred in situ within the fluid inclusions due to the interaction between trapped CO2-rich fluids and host amphibole during cooling of the hornblendite. Kumdykolite was produced along with calcite, dolomite, chlorite, talc, a SiO2phase (quartz or cristobalite), a TiO2phase (rutile or anatase), and mica during internal mineral carbonation within the fluid inclusions. It is estimated that kumdykolite in the fluid inclusions crystallized under near-surface conditions, which are significantly different from the conditions of crystallization proposed in previous studies. It is further inferred that kumdykolite may crystallize metastably across the stability field of albite, and the presence of kumdykolite is not indicative of extreme thermobaric and fluid-absent conditions.

Due to the high heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors, most single antigen tumor vaccines often fail to elicit potent antitumor immune responses in clinical trials, resulting in unsatisfactory therapy effects. Hence, personalized tumor vaccines have become a promising modality for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we have developed a tumor in situ hydrogel vaccine (AH/DA-OR) capable of rapid hemostasis for personalized tumor immunotherapy, composed of dopamine-grafted hyaluronic acid (HA/DA) combined with sodium alginate (ALG), with coloaded oxaliplatin (OXA) and resiquimod (R848). The ALG and HA framework imparts excellent biocompatibility to the hydrogel, and dopamine (DA) modification endows it with rapid hemostatic functionality. Following local peritumor injection of AH/DA-OR into the tumor, the in situ hydrogel vaccine achieved the sustained release of the chemotherapeutic agent, OXA, inducing immunogenic cell death in tumor cells and effectively releasing personalized tumor-associated antigens to activate immune responses. Simultaneously, local R848 adjuvant sustained release at the tumor site enhanced immune responses, minimized drug side effects, and amplified immunotherapy effects. Finally, the hydrogel vaccine effectively activated host immune responses to suppress CT26 colorectal cancer growth in vivo, also exhibiting superior inhibition of untreated tumor growth at distant sites. This strategy of rapid hemostasis of tumor in situ hydrogel vaccine holds significant clinical potential and provides a paradigm for achieving secure and robust immunotherapy.

High-dielectric-constant (high-k) insulators are indispensable components to integrate semiconductors into metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with sub-10 nm channel length, where the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of high-kinsulator needs to be decreased to subnanometer scale. The traditional insulators, including Al2O3, SiO2, and HfO2, fit well with the existing silicon industry but suffer from serious degeneration of insulating properties, such as large leakage currents caused by high-density borders and interface traps, when their thicknesses are reduced to a few nanometers. Here, we synthesize a high-quality nonlayered ultrathin α-CaCr2O4crystal down to unit-cell thickness (∼1.2 nm) by an elements slow-supply chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The unit-cell-thick α-CaCr2O4crystals show a super high dielectric constant of 87.34, which is over 20 times higher than that of well-known layered insulator h-BN and corresponds to an EOT below 1 nm. Furthermore, it has a high breaking strength (39 GPa) and excellent stability. This strategy can also be used to fabricate other ultrathin ternary oxides, such as high-kultrathin FeNb2O6crystals, demonstrating the universality of the CVD method.

The self-similar fractal morphology mediated by nonequilibrium processes is widely observed in low-dimensional materials grown by various techniques. Understanding how these fractal geometries affect the physical and chemical properties of materials and devices is crucial for both fundamental studies and various applications. In particular, the interplay between superconducting phase fluctuations and disorder can give rise to intriguing phenomena depending on the dimensionality. However, current experimental studies on low-dimensional superconductors are limited to two- and one-dimensional systems, leaving fractional dimensional systems largely unexplored. Here, we use chemical vapor deposition to successfully synthesize ultrathin NbC crystals with a well-defined fractal geometry at the nanoscale. By performing electrical transport measurements, we find that both the superconducting and normal-state properties are strongly affected in the fractal samples, where the intrinsic and geometric disorder is induced. In contrast to the 2D crystal, the fractal NbC crystals show a significant low-temperature resistive upturn before the onset of superconducting transition, which can be attributed to the disorder-enhanced electron–electron interaction effect. From transport data analysis, we demonstrate that the superconducting transition in NbC is correlated to the strength of disorder and the fractional dimensions, revealing that nanoscale fractal structures can significantly modify the electronic properties of low-dimensional superconductors. Our work paves the way for the explorations of mesoscopic transport and intriguing superconducting phenomena in fractional dimensions.

The thermal recovery is facing the challenge of improving quality and efficiency. Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) steam circulation has a profound implications for the formal production. There is a lack of research on the situation when the steam injection pressure of injection well is lower than that of production well during startup stage. In this paper, the effects of diverse injection pressure difference on SAGD steam circulation and production stage are investigated by analytical modeling and numerical simulation, especially when the steam injection pressure of producer well is larger than that of injection well, and reliable results are obtained by temperature falloff test and model comparison validation. Meanwhile, in order to minimize the factors affecting the simulation accuracy, a sensitivity analysis of the temperature prediction model for the startup stage is carried out using Monte Carlo method and the finest possible mesh is used in the numerical simulation. The results show that:①The preheating results are faster and more uniform than the conventional preheating method when steam injection pressure of producer is greater than that of injector, and the subsequent production indexes are also superior to those of the conventional preheating method. ②The injected steam temperature had the greatest effect on the prediction accuracy of the analytical model; The finer the numerical simulation grid division, the lower the midpoint temperature of the horizontal well pair; ③An optimal range of injection pressure differences that achieves the best balance between preheating efficiency and thermal recovery effectiveness is achieved with Pprod-Pinjin the range of 400–500 kPa. ④The preheating method investigated in this paper minimizes the effect by unfavorable factors such as reservoir non-homogeneity, which holds the potential for more uniform, time-saving preheating and without the addition of field equipment.

In this letter, our focus is on the strong secrecy over the two-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channel with confidential messages (BCCM). Different from existing works on the broadcast channel, we explore the strong secrecy of multiuser case with confidential constraints. In this scenario, each transmitter aims to send secure messages to the corresponding receiver while keeping them private from the other receiver, ensuring the transmitted messages remain confidential. In the transmission scheme, the confidential message associated the auxiliary message is encoded to the point of the nested lattice. The encoded message is sent in the null space of the channel to achieve secure transmission. The decoding scheme that attains secrecy with confidential constraints is provided. Applying information theoretic methods, we derive a new outer bound on the quantity of leaked information, i.e., ${}\frac {n_{r}}{nk}\log {V(\boldsymbol {\Lambda }_{e})}$ . According to the new outer bound, the information leakage rises with the number of receiving antennas and the volume of fundamental region of the nested lattices, but is not affected by the transmitting antennas.

The nickel-based superalloy is a critical material in aero-engines, where enhanced durability and resistance to stress relaxation are essential. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a high-energy composite modification technique, applied through dual surface friction methods, to induce residual stress and examines the stability of this stress under medium-temperature aging conditions. GH4169 was selected and a foundational study was conducted to quantify residual stress relaxation under medium-temperature aging treatment. The surface strengthening method used was a high-energy composite modification known for its significant post-treatment effects. The specific temperatures for medium-temperature aging treatment were 425 °C and 650 °C. The test results of the residual stress field confirmed the phenomenon of residual stress relaxation under the influence of temperature. Correspondingly, the different degrees of stress relaxation caused by varying aging treatment conditions are closely related to the microstructural changes within the material. Areas with a higher number of annealing twins exhibited a more pronounced degree of residual stress relaxation. By elucidating the link between stress relaxation and microstructural changes, this research offers a theoretical foundation for optimizing surface-strengthening processes and setting optimal operational temperatures for advanced structural materials.

The current shadow removal pipeline relies on the detected shadow masks, which have limitations for penumbras and tiny shadows, and results in an excessively long pipeline. To address these issues, we propose a shadow imaging bilinear model and design a novel three-branch residual (TBR) network for shadow removal. Our bilinear model reveals the single-image shadow removal process and can explain why simply increasing the brightness of shadow areas cannot remove shadows without artifacts. We considerably shorten the shadow removal pipeline by modeling illumination compensation and developing a single-stage shadow removal network without additional detection and refinement networks. Specifically, our network consists of three task branches, i.e., shadow image reconstruction, shadow matte estimation, and shadow removal. To merge these three branches and enhance the shadow removal branch, we design a model-based TBR module. Multiple TBR modules are cascaded to generate an intensive information flow and facilitate feature integration among the three branches. Thus, our network ensures the fidelity of nonshadow areas and restores the light intensity of shadow areas through three-branch collaboration. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. The model and code are available at https://github.com/nachifur/TBRNet.

Pipeline damage could lead to accidents such as the ground subsidence and rainwater backflow. It is critical to monitor and locate the damage in real-time for the safety of urban infrastructure. In this research, a curved coordinate transform- reconstruction algorithm for probabilistic inspection of damage (RAPID) with Bayesian method was proposed to locate the damage of pipeline. First, the coordinate transform algorithm was presented. The correlation-based damage probability density was calculated in the curved coordinate system. Then, the time of flight parameter was extracted using the Hilbert transform. The curved ellipse trajectory of multipath was constructed as the likelihood function of damage location. Finally, the posterior probability was calculated by Bayesian method to update the damage position. The excitation and propagation of ultrasonic guided waves were conducted through the finite element simulation and experiments. The experiment shows that the proposed method could locate the damage of pipeline effectively. Compared with the traditional RAPID and ellipse trajectory method, the average accuracy of this method is increased by 71.315% and 58.21%.

The inevitable dealumination process of zeolite Y is closely related to ultrastabilization, enhanced Bro̷nsted acidity, and deactivation throughout its life cycle, producing complex aluminum and acidic hydroxyl species. Most investigations on dehydrated zeolites have focused on the Bro̷nsted acidity of tetra-coordinated Al (Al(IV)) and Lewis acidity associated with tricoordinated Al (Al(III)) sites, which has left the penta-coordinated Al (Al(V)) in dealuminated zeolites scarcely discussed. This is largely due to the oversimplified view of detectable Al(V) as an exclusively extra-framework species with Lewis acidity. Here we report the formation of Bro̷nsted acidic penta-coordinated Al species (Al(V)-BAS) in the dealumination process. Two-dimensional (2D) through-bond and multiquantum 1H-{27Al} correlation solid-state NMR experiments demonstrate the presence of a bridging Si–OH–Al(V) structure in dealuminated Y zeolites. Different from the conventional belief that water attack leads to the breaking of zeolite framework Al–O bonds in the initial stage of zeolite dealumination, the observed Al(V) as a dealumination intermediate is directly correlated with a BAS pair because of the direct dissociation of water on the framework tetrahedral aluminum (Al(IV)), thus bypassing the cleavage of Al–O bonds. 1H double-quantum solid-state NMR experiments and theoretical calculations provide further evidence for this mechanism, whereas pyridine adsorption experiments confirm stronger acidity of Al(V)-BASs than the traditional bridging hydroxyl groups associated with Al(IV). We were also able to detect the Al(V)-BAS site from dealuminated SSZ-13 zeolite with CHA topology, suggesting that its creation is not specific to the framework structure of zeolites.

ENPP1 acts as a negative regulator of the cGAS–STING pathway through the hydrolysis of 2′3′-cGAMP. Inhibitors of ENPP1 are regarded as promising agents for stimulating the immune response in cancer immunotherapy. This study describes the identification and optimization of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivative 7as a highly potent and selective ENPP1 inhibitor. Compound 7demonstrated substantial inhibitory activity against ENPP1 with an IC50value of 5.70 or 9.68 nM while showing weak inhibition against ENPP2 and ENPP3. Furthermore, compound 7was shown to enhance the mRNA expression of cGAMP-induced STING pathway downstream target genes, such as IFNB1, CXCL10, and IL6. In vivopharmacokinetic and antitumor studies showed promising results, with 7not only exhibiting efficient pharmacokinetic properties but also enhancing the antitumor efficacy of the anti-PD-1 antibody. Treatment with 7(80 mg/kg) combined with anti-PD-1 antibody achieved a tumor growth inhibition rate of 77.7% and improved survival in a murine model.

Storage and transportation are critical processes that significantly affect food quality, with bacterial proliferation serving as a major contributor to deterioration. Preservative films are commonly used in food transportation and preservation. However, the approval process for contact-type preservative films remains challenging due to inconclusive toxicity assessments. In this work, we synthesized antimicrobial zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with ZnO microtube heterostructures (ZZHs) for contactless biological preservation using the optical vapor phase supersaturated precipitation (OVSP) method, combined with an in situ solvothermal approach. This ZZH exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity and achieved efficiencies of 90.47% and 98.24% against E. coliand S. aureus, respectively. We also developed a highly flexible ZZH/PDMS film that demonstrated exceptional structural stability under various temperature, acid, and alkali conditions, which supported the potential for stable intrinsic antimicrobial activity. The hydrophilic nature and high specific surface area of the ZZH/PDMS film were beneficial to capture the dispersed water vapor, bacteria, and other harmful substances, which enhanced the efficiency of the antimicrobial functional sites. This strategy indirectly inhibited bacterial proliferation by controlling ambient humidity, thus avoiding direct contact between the film and the fruit. This process was defined as a contactless mechanism. This work offers an avenue for the development of highly flexible and durable antimicrobial heterostructure agents for contactless biological preservation in future applications.

A chlorotrimethylsilane (TMSCl)-mediated cascade phosphorylation and cycloisomerization of enynones with diphenylphosphine oxides is presented. This methodology enables the highly selective synthesis of monophosphorylated 2H-pyrans and bisphosphorylated dihydropyrans through precise solvent-reagent stoichiometry control. The strategy demonstrated excellent functional group compatibility and high yields (up to 96%), providing facile access to structurally diverse phosphorylated heterocycles with potential applications in medicinal chemistry and materials science.

This letter investigates the secure degrees of freedom (SDoF) of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) aided 2-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channel with confidential messages. In this model, transmitter sends corresponding secure messages to each receiver and ensure the other receiver cannot decode them. Compared to existing studies on broadcast channel with confidential messages, our model employs an active RIS that reduces the rank of channel matrices, enlarging the nullspace for secure transmission to increase the SDoF. In particular, our model can realize secure communication even when the SDoF of original model is zero. According to the different configurations of antennas, the problem is divided into several regimes. We present outer bound and corresponding proof for each regime by utilizing theoretical methods and RIS beamforming. Then we propose universal achievable schemes for different regimes by using zero-forcing decoding. Finally, we determine the exact SDoF of RIS-assisted MIMO broadcast channel with confidential messages and its SDoF gain compared to original model.

• Porous Ti 3 SiC 2 scaffolds with a porosity of 62.9 % exhibit superior compressive strength ∼68.12 MPa. • The apatite mineralization of Ti 3 SiC 2 scaffolds induces polarization of RAW264.7 cells from M1 to M2 phenotype, and promotes the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. • The osteointegration and osteogenic functions of Ti 3 SiC 2 scaffolds can be improved via in-situ biomineralization after implantation. • Porous Ti 3 SiC 2 ceramics with superior mechanical strength and biological functions are likely used as bone implants for load or minor-load bearing conditions. Ti 3 SiC 2 ceramics exhibit excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility, rendering them promising bone substitutes for load-bearing conditions. However, the bone integration and osteogenic ability of Ti 3 SiC 2 ceramics remain unclear. Herein, porous Ti 3 SiC 2 ceramics were prepared and systematically investigated as bone scaffolds. The Ti 3 SiC 2 scaffolds with a porosity of 62.9 % ± 2.5 % showed high compressive strength ∼68.12 ± 4.33 MPa. Silicon hydroxyl groups formed on the surface of Ti 3 SiC 2 after soaking in simulated body fluid, which played a critical role in the apatite mineralization of the scaffolds. Biomineralization of Ti 3 SiC 2 scaffolds was found when implanted subcutaneously in the rat dorsum for 2 weeks, demonstrating good osteogenesis ability. The apatite mineralization of the Ti 3 SiC 2 scaffold facilitated the polarization of RAW264.7 cells from M1 to M2 phenotype, which also promoted the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. The porous Ti 3 SiC 2 scaffolds improved osteointegration and bone regeneration after implantation in rabbit femoral defects. Impressively, the number of the newly formed trabeculae in the Ti 3 SiC 2 group was three times of the control group after implantation for 8 weeks, showing excellent bone defect repair. This work demonstrates that Ti 3 SiC 2 implants with improved biological functions likely via in-situ biomineralization are promising candidates for bone regeneration. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and highly efficient Pd-catalyzed arylation of sulfenate anions with aryl thianthrenium salts is demonstrated. This procedure provides a practical protocol to synthesize various diaryl and alkyl aryl sulfoxides in moderate-to-good yields. The new approach shows mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance.

Fluoride-based lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (LDNPs) featuring second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) downconversion emission for bioimaging have attracted extensive attention. However, conventional LDNPs cannot be degraded and eliminated from organisms because of an inert lattice, which obstructs bioimaging applications. Herein, the core–shell LDNPs of Na3HfF7:Yb,Er@CaF2:Ce,Zr(Hf) [labeled as Zr(Hf)Ce-HC] with pH-selective and tunable degradability were synthesized for dual-modal bioimaging. Notably, the “softening” lattice of the Na3HfF7matrix and different Zr4+(Hf4+) doping amounts in the shell enable Zr(Hf)Ce-HC with acidity-dependent and tunable degradability. After coating of an optimized Ce3+-doped CaF2:Zr shell, the near-infrared-IIb (NIR-IIb, 1500–1700 nm) luminescence intensity of ZrCe-HC is enhanced by 5.2 times compared with that of Na3HfF7:Yb,Er. The Hf element with high X-ray attenuation allows ZrCe-HC as the contrast agent for computed tomography (CT) bioimaging. The modification of oxidized sodium alginate endows ZrCe-HC with satisfying biocompatibility for NIR-IIb/CT dual-modal bioimaging. These findings would benefit the bioimaging applications of degradable fluoride-based LDNPs.

The repair and regeneration of maxillofacial bone defects are major clinical challenges. Titanium (Ti)–magnesium (Mg) composites are a new generation of revolutionary internal fixation materials encompassing the mechanical strength and bioactive advantages of Ti and Mg alloys, respectively. This study was aimed to construct a Ti–Mg composite internal plate/screw fixation system to fix and repair bone defects. Further, the effects of different internal fixation systems on bone repair were analyzed through radiological and histological analyses. Notably, Ti6Al4V with rolled Mg foil was used as the experimental group, and a bone defect model of transverse complete amputation of the ulna in rabbits similar to the clinical condition was established. The internal fixation system with the highest osteogenic efficiency was selected based on in vivoresults, and the direct and indirect bone repair abilities of the selected materials were evaluated in vitro. Notably, the thin Mg foil–Ti6Al4V internal fixation system exhibited the best fixation effect in the bone defect model and promoted the formation of new bone and early healing of bone defect areas. In vitro, the thin Mg foil–Ti6Al4V composite enhanced the activity of MC3T3-E1 cells; promoted the proliferation, adhesion, extension, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells; and regulated new bone formation. Further, it also promoted the polarization of RAW264.7 cells to M2 macrophages, induced the osteogenic immune microenvironment, and indirectly regulated the bone repair process. Therefore, a internal fixation system holds a promising potential for the internal fixation of maxillofacial bone defects. Our findings provide a theoretical and scientific basis for the design and clinical application of Ti–Mg internal fixation systems.

High-valent metal-oxo species are key reactive intermediates in many biological and biological oxidation reactions. Herein, allylic hydroxylation (C–H) versus epoxidation (C═C) reactions of propene with a model catalyst iron phthalocyanine (FePc) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide were investigated contrastively, aiming to probe the active intermediates, structure–activity relationship, and reaction pathways. Our results showed that H2O2as an oxygen-donor reagent can be easily decomposed on FePc to produce key active intermediates O═FePc and O═FePc═O with the energy barriers of 19.57 and 23.89 kcal/mol, respectively. In the selective oxidation of propene, O═FePc has a small preference for C═C epoxidation over C–H hydroxylation while O═FePc═O has a small preference for C–H hydroxylation. Since the electron-withdrawing O axial ligand in O═FePc═O further increases the radical character (Fe–O·) and Fe–O bond length of the iron-oxo moiety, O═FePc═O has better catalytic performance in both C═C epoxidation and C–H hydroxylation than O═FePc. Furthermore, in the whole reaction processes, the dual-hydrogen bonds between the two terminal H atoms of the alkene and allylic groups of propene and oxygen atom of the iron-oxo moiety would lead to the reaction toward C═C epoxidation while the single-hydrogen bond between the terminal H atom of the allylic group and the oxygen atom of the iron-oxo moiety would lead to the reaction toward C–H hydroxylation, implying that the weakly interacting hydrogen bonds affecting oxidation pathways also play a very important role in the regioselectivity of C═C epoxidation and C–H hydroxylation.

For a highly efficient recycling of a wastewater containing a high concentration of MgCl2, Al(III) and P507 were scheduled to be removed in advance. In this study, the in-situ removal of Al(III) and P507 from a high concentration MgCl2solution at different pH values and Al/P molar ratios was investigated. The results showed that P507 formed organic complexes of Alx(OH)z+y-P507 at pH of 2.0−4.0. At pH of 4.0−5.0, Al(III) precipitated and transferred into Al(OH)3with a flocculent amorphous morphology. Active sites on the Al(OH)3surface enhanced the removal efficiency of P507. At pH of 6.0−6.5, Al(III) and Mg(II) formed layered crystalline Al(OH)3and MgAl2(OH)8with small pore channels and fewer active sites, resulting in a reduced removal efficiency of P507. When the Al/P molar ratio exceeded 13 and the pH was between 4.0 and 5.0, the removal rates of both Al(III) and P507 were higher than 98%, while the concentration loss of Mg(II) was only 0.2%−0.9%.

Medical bone implant magnesium (Mg) alloys are subjected to both corrosive environments and complex loads in the human body. The increasing number of hyperglycemic and diabetic patients in recent years has brought new challenges to the fatigue performance of Mg alloys. Therefore, it is significant to study the corrosion fatigue (CF) behavior of medical Mg alloys in glucose-containing simulated body fluids for their clinical applications. Herein, the corrosion and fatigue properties of extruded Mg-Zn-Zr-Nd alloy in Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) containing different concentrations (1 g/L and 3 g/L) of glucose were investigated. The average grain size of the alloy is about 5 μm, which provides excellent overall mechanical properties. The conditional fatigue strength of the alloy was 127 MPa in air and 88 MPa and 70 MPa in HBSS containing 1 g/L glucose and 3 g/L glucose, respectively. Fatigue crack initiation points for alloys in air are oxide inclusions and in solution are corrosion pits. The corrosion rate of the alloy is high at the beginning, and decreases as the surface corrosion product layer thickens with the increase of immersion time. The corrosion products of the alloy are mainly Mg(OH)2, MgO and a small amount of Ca-P compounds. The electrochemical results indicated that the corrosion rate of the alloys gradually decreased with increasing immersion time, but the corrosion tendency of the alloy was greater in HBSS containing 3 g/L glucose. On the one hand, glucose accelerates the corrosion process by adsorbing large amounts of aggressive Cl−ions. On the other hand, glucose will be oxidized to form gluconic acid, and then reacts with Mg(OH)2and MgO to form Mg gluconate, which destroys the corrosion product film and leads to the aggravation of corrosion and the accumulation of fatigue damage.

Superfine wool fiber has a soft and luxurious texture, excellent moisture absorption and is warmer and more comfortable than ordinary wool. Liquid ammonia, which has exceptional permeability, exerts a certain modification effect on the surface scales of wool in the finishing and processing of wool fabric, thereby enhancing its wear performance. However, limited research has been conducted on the impact of liquid ammonia on valuable wool fibers such as superfine wool and cashmere. In this article, superfine wool tops were treated with continuous liquid ammonia finishing equipment and the effects of liquid ammonia on the microstructure and surface morphology of superfine wool fiber were investigated. In addition, the changes in length, fineness, anti-felting, and dyeing properties of superfine wool fiber after liquid ammonia treatment were examined. The results demonstrated that the interstitial integrity of intercellular substance of superfine wool was compromised following treatment with liquid ammonia, which had a greater tendency to infiltrate cortical cells and induce alterations in wool structure and performance. Furthermore, the surface scales of superfine wool were damaged after treatment with liquid ammonia, leading to improved anti-felting and dyeing properties.

The hindbrain, which develops from the anterior end of the neural tube expansion, can differentiate into the metencephalon and myelencephalon, with varying sizes and functions. The midbrain–hindbrain boundary (MHB) and hindbrain myelencephalon/ventral midline (HMVM) are known to be the source of the progenitors for the anterior hindbrain and myelencephalon, respectively. However, the molecular networks regulating hindbrain morphogenesis in these structures remain unclear. In this study, we show that retinoblastoma 1 (rb1) is highly expressed at the MHB and HMVM in zebrafish. Knocking out rb1in mice and zebrafish results in an enlarged hindbrain due to hindbrain neuronal hyperproliferation. Further study reveals that Rb1 controls the hindbrain morphogenesis by suppressing the expression of Gbx1/Gbx2, essential transcription factors for hindbrain development, through its binding to E2f3/Hdac1, respectively. Interestingly, we find that Gbx1 and Gbx2 are expressed in different types of hindbrain neurons, suggesting distinct roles in hindbrain morphogenesis. In summary, our study clarifies the specific role of RB1 in hindbrain neural cell proliferation and morphogenesis by regulating the E2f3–Gbx1 axis and the Hdac1–Gbx2 axis. These findings provide a research paradigm for exploring the differential proliferation of neurons in various brain regions.

• A novel process named as liquid metal assistant self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (LMA-SHS) has been developed, which shows very short reaction time, low energy consumption, high yield, and low cost. • High-purity S-containing high-entropy MAX-phase materials have been successfully synthesized via LMA-SHS. • Liquid metal (Sn or In) acts as a binder among transition metal atoms by generating negative mixing enthalpy, and facilitates mass and heat transfer during the LMA-SHS process. Due to their high-entropy effects, the high-entropy (HE) MAX-phase materials improve the comprehensive performance of MAX phases, opening up more possibilities for practical engineering applications. However, it is still challenging to obtain S-containing high-entropy MAX phases because of the high volatilization behavior of sulfur, suffering from issues such as high reaction temperature and long reaction time of traditional synthesis methods. This paper proposes a novel process named as liquid metal assistant self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (LMA-SHS) for efficient synthesis of high-purity S-containing high-entropy MAX-phase materials. Low-melting-point metal (Sn or In) has been introduced into the raw mixture and melted into a liquid phase during the early stage of the SHS reaction. By serving as a "binder" between transition metal atoms of the M-site due to the negative mixing enthalpy, this liquid phase can accelerate mass and heat transfer during the SHS process, ensuring a uniform solid solution of each element and realizing the synthesis of high-purity (TiNbVZr) 2 SC in an extremely short time. The synthesis method for high-entropy MAX-phase materials developed in this study, i.e., LMA-SHS, showing very short reaction time, low energy consumption, high yield, and low cost, has the promise to be a general energy- and resource-efficient route towards high-purity HE materials. Two Synthesis Methods (SHS, LMA-SHS) and XRD patterns of S-containing high-entropy MAX-phase materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The residual stress and microhardness of shot-peened nickel-based superalloys are tested. • The non-monotonicity of micromechanical property distribution induced by shot peening is pointed out. • The microstructure changes of shot-peened GH4169 superalloy are analyzed at the nanoscale. • The GH4169 superalloy undergoes plastic deformation through dislocations and nano twins. The residual stress field induced by surface strengthening processes such as mechanical shot peening and other forms of plastic deformation does not generally exhibit a simple "monotonic" distribution trend. Some researchers have analyzed this fact from a mechanical perspective based on Hertz theory. However, the micro/nano-scale microstructural changes corresponding to the distribution of residual stress fields still appear to be lacking. In this study, we focused on a widely used material in aviation manufacturing, namely nickel-based superalloy GH4169, as our experimental material. We subjected GH4169 alloy to mechanical strengthening treatment using a shot peening intensity of 0.25 mmA, followed by quantitative testing of micromechanical performance indicators such as microhardness and residual stress. To thoroughly investigate the relationship between micromechanical properties and microstructure changes, we utilized transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe and analyze shot-peened materials at different depths. Our findings revealed that the most severe microstructural distortion induced by mechanical shot peening in GH4169 alloy was likely to occur within a depth range of 25 to 75 µm. This observation aligns with the actual phenomenon that the maximum microhardness and maximum residual compressive stress did not manifest on the outermost surface of the material. By presenting a detailed analysis of deformation defects such as dislocations, stacking faults, and twinning in different depths of mechanically strengthened layers, our study contributes to a deeper understanding and practical application of post-processing technologies based on plastic deformation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

· The nucleation and transition sequences of TCP phases in a Re -containing Ni-based single crystal superalloy were investigated. · The σ and P phases coherently nucleated at the γ/γ′ interface near the γ matrix side at the initial stage of heat-exposure at 1100 °C. · The TCP phase ultimately existed as the most stable μ phase during heat-exposure at 1100 °C. · The transition sequences of the TCP phase were classified as: γ matrix→σ→μ, γ matrix→P→μ, and γ matrix→σ→P→μ. The nucleation and transition sequences of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases in a Re -containing Ni-based single crystal superalloy were systematically investigated using in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and three-dimensional atom probe technology (3D-APT). During the initial stage of heat-exposure at 1100 °C, the TCP phase forming elements (Re , Co, Cr, etc.) segregated at the γ/γ′ interface near the γ matrix side to provide the concentration undulations for the nucleation sites of TCP phases, following which the σ and P phase coherently nucleated along the (1 11 ‾) γ and (022) γ planes from the γ/γ′ interface near the γ matrix side, respectively. With prolonged heat-exposure time, transitions from σ phase to P phase, σ phase to μ phase, and P phase to μ phase occurred. Besides, the orientation relationships of TCP phase intergrowth structures indicated that the P phase grew along the (1 ¯ 01) σ plane of the σ phase by co-lattice precipitation, meanwhile, the µ phase grew with smaller lattice misfits along the (0 4 ¯ 0) σ plane of the σ phase and the (400) P plane of the P phase. Additionally, the result by first-principles calculation evidenced that the μ phase had the lowest system energy to make the transition of σ phase and P phase to μ phases inevitable, therefore, the TCP phase ultimately existed as the most stable μ phase. Finally, the transition sequences of TCP phase during heat-exposure could be summarized into three types: γ matrix→σ→μ, γ matrix→P→μ, and γ matrix→σ→P→μ. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 1D alkali-metal hexatitanate (AHT) nanomaterials are versatile photocatalysts for environmental and energy applications. • The state-of-the-art advancements of AHT-based photocatalysts are comprehensively reviewed. • The fundamentals, synthesis, modification and applications of AHT photocatalysts are thoroughly summarized. • The key challenges and prospects on the future directions of 1D AHT photocatalysts are also discussed. The global energy crisis and environmental problems have become two unprecedented challenges. Semiconductor photocatalysis offers a promising strategy to solve them, while its practical application requires advanced photocatalytic materials. In recent years, one-dimensional (1D) alkali-metal hexatitanate (AHT) photocatalysts have attracted considerable attention in energy and environmental fields due to their high chemical stability, excellent photoactivity, unique ion-exchange, environment-friendly, and cost-effective properties. In this review, we firstly introduce the basic properties of AHT including crystal and electronic band structure, photoactivity, and structure-property-performance relationship. Secondly, the recent advances in synthesis and modification strategies of 1D AHT photocatalysts are summarized thoughtfully, followed by a comprehensive discussion on their various environmental and energy applications, including pollutant degradation, H 2 generation, and CO 2 reduction. Finally, the key challenges and prospects are also highlighted for the development of high-performance 1D AHT-based photocatalysts for practical applications. We hope that this review will shed some light on the rational design of 1D Ti-O-based nanomaterials for efficient environmental remediation and solar fuel production. The state-of-the-art progress in 1D AHT photocatalysts, including the fundamental properties, synthesis methods, modification strategies, various environmental and energy applications, and the key challenges and prospects for their further development were comprehensively summarized. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional zinc powder cementation method for recovering gold ions from thiosulfate solution has the disadvantages such as high consumption of active metal, surface passivation, and co-deposition of copper ions. The key to solving these issues is providing the necessary electrons for the reduction of Au(S2O3)23-while avoiding direct contact between zinc powder and the leaching solution. In this study, a novel electrogenerative device with ion exchange membranes separating the anode and cathode is developed for the recovery of gold ions from thiosulfate solution. The oxidation reaction of zinc electrode occurs in the anode chamber, while the reduction reaction of gold ions occurs on a platinum electrode in the cathode chamber. The optimal experimental conditions for the gold recovery are determined to be using a cation exchange membrane, with the anode solution of 0.08 M ZnSO4, pH = 6, and the cathode solution of 0.10 M Na2S2O3, 5 mM CuSO4, 0.5 M NH3·H2O, pH = 10, with an initial gold concentration of 10 mg/L. It obtains the gold recovery of 99.59 %. Compared the zinc powder cementation method with the similar gold recovery, the electrogenerative process reduces zinc consumption by 67 % and prevents the passivation on the zinc surface caused by copper, oxygen, and sulfur.

While the concept of big ideas has been widely promoted in different subject areas such as history and STEM, its pedagogical power has received little attention in second language education. In view of this gap, this paper seeks to conceptualize and practicalize this notion by addressing two fundamental questions regarding the “what” and “how” of big ideas in English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language (EFL) classrooms. Specifically, the paper proposes a tentative, heuristic framework that views big ideas as a composite of three distinct yet interrelated dimensions regarding knowledge, domain, and learning. In light of the framework, the paper argues for the need to adopt big ideas as curriculum organizers in language teaching while employing an infusion, inductive approach to helping students analyze, comprehend, and apply big ideas in the process of language learning.

Byline: Jun. Wang, Jing. Liang, Mingxin. He, Qi. Xie, Qingming. Wu, Guanxin. Shen, Baoli. Zhu, Jun. Yu, Li. Yu, Xiaohua. Tan, Lanlan. Wei, Jun. Ren, Youyong. Lv, Lijuan. Deng, Qian. [...]

Due to its portable and self-powered characteristics, the construction of Ga2O3-based semiconductor flexible devices that can improve the adaptability in various complex environments have drawn great attention in recent decades. However, conventional Ga2O3-based flexible heterojunctions are based on either amorphous or poor crystalline Ga2O3materials, which severely limit the performance of the corresponding devices. Here, through lattice-symmetry and energy-band alignment engineering, we construct a high-quality crystalline flexible NiO/β-Ga2O3p–nself-powered photodetector. Owing to its suitable energy-band alignment structure, the device shows a high photo-to-dark current ratio (1.71 × 105) and a large detection sensitivity (6.36 × 1014Jones) under zero bias, which is superior than most Ga2O3self-powered photodetectors even for those based on rigid substrates. Moreover, the fabricated photodetectors further show excellent mechanical stability and robustness in bending conditions, demonstrating their potential practical applications in flexible optoelectronic devices. These findings provide insights into the manipulation of crystal lattice and energy band engineering in flexible self-powered photodetectors and also offer guideline for designing other Ga2O3-based flexible electronic devices.

Rapid and accurate realization of in situ analysis of deep-sea dissolved gases imperative to the study of ecological geology, oil and gas resource exploration, and global climate change. Herein, we report for the first time the deep-sea dissolved methane (CH4) in situ sensor based on quartz-enhanced photoacoustic and light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy. The developed sensor system has a volume of φ120 mm × 430 mm and a power consumption of 7.6 W. The sensor, in the manner of frequency division multiplexing, is able to simultaneously measure the photoacoustic signals and light-induced thermoelastic signals, which can accurately correct laser-intensity induced influence on concentration. The spectral response of CH4concentration varying from 0.01 to 5% is calibrated in detail based on the pressure and temperature in the application environment. The trend of the photoacoustic signal of CH4at different water molecule (H2O) concentrations is investigated. An Allan variance analysis of several hours demonstrates a minimum detection limit of 0.21 ppm for the CH4spectrometer. The sensor combined with the gas–liquid separation and enrichment unit is integrated into a compact marine standalone system. Since the specifically designed photoacoustic cell has a volume of only 1.2 mL, the time response for dissolved CH4detection is reduced to 4 min. Furthermore, the sensor is successfully deployed in the vicinity of the “HaiMa” cold seeps at 1380 m underwater in the South China Sea, completing three consecutive days of measurements of dissolved CH4.

Launching underwater gliders by aircraft could greatly expand the application of underwater gliders. However, during the process of the glider entry into the water, it will be subjected to significant impact loads, especially during the process of wing entry into the water. In this paper, a foldable wing module is proposed to reduce the water entry impact loads of the glider caused by the wings entering into the water. The effect of the foldable wing module on impact loads reduction and the influence of the foldable wing module on the water entry trajectory are studied by numerical method. The results show that the differences in mass and gravity center position caused by the foldable wing module have little effect on the water entry impact loads of the glider until the wings impact the water. When the glider enters the water obliquely, the wing module reduces the peak radial acceleration of the glider. In addition, the trajectory and time of the glider to reach the horizontal attitude are also reduced. These conclusions will be helpful for the designing of the wings of air-launched underwater gliders.

In winter, the Kuroshio Current intrudes onto the continental shelf in the East China Sea with a cyclonic branch occasionally veering northeast of the Taiwan Strait. The dynamic process and mechanism by which the southward Kuroshio branch enters the Taiwan Strait is investigated using a numerical model. Decomposition of the flow field and sea surface height (SSH) using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) isolates the first mode of the southward flow and the east‐westward SSH slope, showing that the time series is closely related to wind strength. The southward Kuroshio branch is mainly controlled by geostrophic and Ekman effects. When northeasterly winds are weak, the elevated SSH on the eastern side, caused by the Kuroshio, generates a northward geostrophic current. This northward current overwhelms the Ekman current and triggers the Taiwan Warm Current. Conversely, when northeasterly winds are strong, an elevated SSH on the western side generates a southward geostrophic current. A theoretical equation is devised, which accounts for Ekman layer depth related to wind strength and geostrophic adjustments by the Ekman effect. This equation explains why the Kuroshio branch flows into the northern Taiwan Strait and why there is a counter‐wind current (i.e., Taiwan Warm Current) during winter. Furthermore, we propose a novel perspective that suggests the alongshore current and cross‐shore sea level in the Taiwan Strait are determined by the wind‐driven current and geostrophic adjustment, which are generated by the competition or cooperation between the wind and the alongshore pressure gradient caused by the Kuroshio.

Paleozoic coals within the Ordos Basin are believed to be the primary source rock for natural gas produced from these strata. However, the influence of potential marine environments on their hydrocarbon generation potential and processes remains underexplored. This study addresses this knowledge gap by employing organic geochemical methods, high-pressure pyrolysis (gold-tube pyrolysis), and basin modeling. The results reveal significantly higher total sulfur (TS) contents in Taiyuan and Benxi Formation coals compared to those in Shanxi Formation coals. This difference might suggest a strong marine influence on the former two formations. The influence of marine environments on the hydrocarbon generation potential exhibited limited effects across the entire coal sample set, possibly due to the scarcity of samples with Tmax values in the 445–460 °C range. However, for coals with similar Tmax ranges (461–470 and 471–480 °C), marine-influenced Benxi and Taiyuan Formation coals displayed higher hydrogen index (HI) values compared to nonmarine Shanxi Formation coals. This might suggest a potential extension of the maturation process by marine influence. Benxi Formation coals exhibited a greater hydrocarbon generation potential than Shanxi Formation coals at a thermal maturity below 1.0%. This may be attributed to lower activation energy in marine-influenced coals due to weaker S–S and C–S bonds, facilitating the formation of active sulfur radicals during maturation. Additionally, the rearrangement of sulfur moieties in residual kerogen of Benxi Formation coals might enhance thermal stability and elevate the gas generation potential at thermal maturity exceeding 3.5%. These findings hold implications for coalbed methane exploration in the Shenmu-Fugu region of the Ordos Basin and areas within the Qinshui Basin exhibiting thermal maturity exceeding 3.5%.

Due to its potential environmental hazards and the importance of valuable metal supply, the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted widespread attention. The hydrometallurgical process for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries faces the problem of excessive acid consumption and the need for different redox additives to improve the leaching rate of major metals which will result in issues such as resource waste and secondary pollution. In this study, using LFP and NCM as raw materials, the inherent oxidation/reduction characteristics between them were utilized to achieve leaching rates of over 99 % for Ni, Mn, Li, and over 95 % for Co, without the addition of any redox additives under near stoichiometric sulfuric acid. The leaching kinetics and reaction mechanism of different metals indicate that LFP rapidly dissolves in the sulfuric acid solution, with the released Fe2+acting as a reducing agent. The subsequent slower reaction between Fe2+and NCM becomes the rate-controlling step. Afterwards, the leachate regulated by solution control can be further used to prepare Ni-Co-Mn hydroxide precursors and lithium carbonate after the formation of FePO4. This method effectively reduces chemical consumption, mitigates environmental footprint, and achieves highly economical recovery of metals from spent lithium-ion batteries.

The clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of children with septic arthritis of the hip in our hospital were analyzed to identify the risk factors for a poor prognosis. The clinical data of 76 children with septic arthritis of the hip who were treated at our hospital from January 2010 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the most recent follow-up data, the patients were classified as good prognosis or poor prognosis. The differences between the two groups were analyzed. From January 2010 to December 2020, a total of 76 children with septic arthritis of the hip were admitted to our hospital, comprising 52 (68.4%) with a good prognosis and 24 (31.6%) with a poor prognosis. The risk of a poor prognosis was significantly higher in the group with time from onset to surgery >22 days than in the group with time from onset to surgery <11 days. The risk of poor prognosis in the group with C-reactive protein (CRP) > 100 mg/L was significantly higher than that in the group with CRP < 20 mg/L. Time from onset to surgery >14 days and CRP > 93 mg/L were the cutoff values for a poor prognosis. Significant elevation of CRP and prolonged time from onset to surgery in children with septic arthritis of the hip are risk factors for a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are very important because delays in these factors can lead to a poor prognosis. Level of Evidence: Level II, retrospective study.

Residual δ-ferrite is ubiquitous in M50NiL bearing steel and seriously deteriorates impact toughness. In the present work, the formation mechanism of δ-ferrite in M50NiL steel and the influence of element segregation on its formation process were investigated. The residual δ-ferrite was proved to form directly from the final liquid phase at the end of solidification due to serious segregation of Mo and V elements. Calculation results indicate that the segregation of Mo and V elements expanded the “L + δ" two-phase region and stabilized δ-ferrite. Due to the high concentration of Mo and V, large-sized V-rich MC and Mo-rich M2C carbides would precipitate in δ-ferrite at 900–1200 °C if the cooling rate is slow. When kept at 1200 °C for no more than 30 min, Mo and V elements derived from the decomposition of large-sized carbides are preferentially diffused into δ-ferrite, enhancing the stability of δ-ferrite. To achieve the effective elimination of δ-ferrite in M50NiL steel, it is necessary to keep the ingot at 1200 °C for at least 20 h.

Background: Central pancreatectomy is a surgical procedure for benign and low-grade malignant tumors which located in the neck and proximal body of the pancreas that facilitates the preservation of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions but has a high morbidity rate, especially postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness between minimally invasive central pancreatectomy (MICP) and open central pancreatectomy (OCP) basing on perioperative outcomes. Methods: An extensive literature search to compare MICP and OCP was conducted from October 2003 to October 2023 on PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Fixed-effect models or random effects were selected based on heterogeneity, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: A total of 10 studies with a total of 510 patients were included. There was no significant difference in POPF between MICP and OCP (OR = 0.95; 95% CI [0.64, 1.43]; P= 0.82), whereas intraoperative blood loss (MD = − 125.13; 95% CI [− 194.77, -55.49]; P&lt; 0.001) and length of hospital stay (MD = − 2.86; 95% CI [− 5.00, − 0.72]; P= 0.009) were in favor of MICP compared to OCP, and there was a strong trend toward a lower intraoperative transfusion rate in MICP than in OCP (MD = 0.34; 95% CI [0.11, 1.00]; P= 0.05). There was no significant difference in other outcomes between the two groups. Conclusion: MICP was as safe and effective as OCP and had less intraoperative blood loss and a shorter length of hospital stay. However, further studies are needed to confirm the results.

The regenerative capacity of bone is indispensable for growth, given that accidental injury is almost inevitable. Bone regenerative capacity is relevant for the aging population globally and for the repair of large bone defects after osteotomy (e.g., following removal of malignant bone tumours). Among the many therapeutic modalities proposed to bone regeneration, electrical stimulation has attracted significant attention owing to its economic convenience and exceptional curative effects, and various electroactive biomaterials have emerged. This review summarizes the current knowledge and progress regarding electrical stimulation strategies for improving bone repair. Such strategies range from traditional methods of delivering electrical stimulation via electroconductive materials using external power sources to self-powered biomaterials, such as piezoelectric materials and nanogenerators. Electrical stimulation and osteogenesis are related via bone piezoelectricity. This review examines cell behaviour and the potential mechanisms of electrostimulation via electroactive biomaterials in bone healing, aiming to provide new insights regarding the mechanisms of bone regeneration using electroactive biomaterials.

Objective:To explore the effect of a stratified dose of norepinephrine (NE) on cellular immune response in patients with septic shock, and to construct a prognostic model of septic shock. Methods:A total of 160 patients with septic shock (B group) and 58 patients with sepsis (A group) were given standard cluster therapy. Patients with septic shock were divided into four groups (B1-B4 groups: 0.01–0.2, 0.2–0.5, 0.5–1.0, and >1 μg/kg/min) according to the quartile method of the early (72 h) time-weighted average dose of NE and clinical application. The cellular immune indexes at 24 h (T0) and 4–7 days (T1) after admission were collected. The difference method was used to explore the effect of NE stratified dose on cellular immune effect in patients with septic shock. A multivariate COX proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the independent prognostic risk factors, and a prognostic risk model was constructed. Results:The differences of ΔIL-1β, ΔIL-6, ΔIL-10, absolute value difference of T lymphocyte (ΔCD3+/CD45+#) and Th helper T cell (ΔCD3+ CD4+/CD45+#), CD64 infection index difference, ΔmHLA-DR, regulatory T lymphocyte ratio difference (ΔTregs%) between group A, B1, B2, B3, and B4 were statistically significant (P< 0.05). There was a nonlinear relation between the stratified dose of NE and ΔIL-6, ΔIL-10, ΔCD3+/CD45+#, ΔmHLA-DR%. The threshold periods of NE-induced proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune changes were 0.3–0.5 μg/kg/min. Multivariate COX model regression analysis showed that age, nutritional patterns, weighted average dose of norepinephrine, IL-6, absolute value of T lymphocytes, and mHLA-DR were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with septic shock (P< 0.05). The prognostic risk model was constructed (AUC value = 0.813, 95% CI: 0.752–0.901). Conclusion:NE has a certain inhibitory effect on cellular immune function in patients with septic shock. A prognostic risk model was constructed with stronger prediction efficiency for the prognosis of patients with septic shock.

• The tensile creep was conducted on Ni-based single crystal superalloys with different orientations at 750 °C/750 MPa. • The creep properties were highly anisotropic in different orientation specimens. • The orientation rotation would dominate the creep anisotropy. • The orientation rotation would occur during the entire creep process, the greater the degree of rotation, the more severe the asynchrony of rotation, which would result in the nonuniform deformation and local stress concentration, and exacerbate the failure of the specimen. The creep anisotropy of Ni-based single crystal superalloys was studied at 750 °C/750 MPa. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations showed that stacking faults and micro-twins were the typical dislocation configurations, which all originated from the activity of {111} 〈112〉 slip systems. Then, the orientation rotation caused by the activity of the main {111} 〈112〉 slip system would accelerate the specimen fracturing in shear fracture mode. Furthermore, the orientation rotation would dominate the creep anisotropy. The orientation rotation would occur during the entire creep process, the greater the degree of rotation, the more severe the asynchrony of rotation, which would result in nonuniform deformation and local stress concentration, and exacerbate the failure of the specimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The various forms of coupled and nonlinear vibrations generated by the rolling mill during the plate or strip rolling process restrict the high-speed, efficient, and continuous rolling production, which is an urgent problem to be solved in the field of plate or strip rolling. This paper designs a spring-damping dynamic vibration absorber for suppressing rolling mill vibration based on the work roll structure and working characteristics of the rolling mill. A four-degree-of-freedom horizontal and vertical coupled vibration model with piecewise function form is established through considering the gap between the bearing seat of work roller and mill housing. The parameters of the absorber are optimized by using adaptive genetic algorithm, and the effect of the absorber on system vibration under the optimal parameters is analyzed. The amplitude frequency characteristic equations of the primary resonance and internal resonance of the system are obtained by using the average method and multi-scale method respectively. The influence of the parameters of the dynamic vibration absorber on vibration is analyzed. A horizontal and vertical vibration control experiment is conducted on the work roll of the rolling mill. The results show that the dynamic vibration absorber can effectively suppress the horizontal and vertical vibration of the roll, and the difference in amplitude reduction between experimental and theoretical analysis is within 5 %, which verifies the effectiveness of the designed dynamic vibration absorber. These results provide some guidance for the research on vibration suppression of rolling mills.

In contrast with China’s several millennia of civilization history, its history of civil law legislation had not started until the late Qing-Dynasty (1911). This discrepancy stood out prominently in the correlated areas of the family law and inheritance law due to China’s cultural features and the compatible cultural awareness of its people, which had naturalized and legitimized their practices in both areas. Actually, in no other areas had the cultural consciousness, the deep-rooted cultural psychology and the consciousness-driven behavioral patterns of the Chinese families and individuals been more profoundly shaped by the rules of rites and etiquette, the ethical rules and the patriarchal clan system, central customary-legal elements enshrined in the Chinese history. As its key achievement, the legal modernization in the late Qing period (1902–1911) brought forth the Civil Code of the Qing- Dynasty (ZGE), the first such milestone in China’s legal history, initiating the civil law legislation in China. With regard to China’s special legal-historical and legal-cultural background, the drafters of the ZGE – especially its family and inheritance law – had to revolutionarily modernize the Chinese civil law, while at the same time, transferring certain traditional cultural legacies. This could not have been possible without adopting the German Civil Code (BGB) as the primary foreign codification model, especially from the legal-technical, legal-systematic and legal-dogmatic perspective. Ever since then, the evolution of the Chinese civil law has been closely connected with the adoption of the BGB, while the history of the former runs parallel to the history of the latter. The influences of the BGB on China’s major civil law codifications, including also the Civil Code of the Republic of China (1929–1931) and the PRC Civil Code (2020), have been significant and continuous. It is legal-historically insightful to probe into these influences while examining the evolutionary history of the Chinese family and inheritance law ever codified since the ZGE, and, accordingly, retracing and closely analyzing the pre-modern state of both areas.

Pipeline intelligent plugging robot (PIPR) realizes braking and anchoring through hard contact of slip and pipeline. This process will cause bite marks on the inner wall of the pipeline, which will aggravate corrosion and shorten the service life of the pipeline. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider slip anchoring performance and degree of pipeline damage, and optimize slip structure parameters of PIPR, to reduce the damage caused by hard contact between slip and pipeline. Based on force analysis and the hard contact mechanism of PIPR in the course of the anchoring process, the damage factors of pipe walls are analyzed, and a finite element analysis model of slip and pipeline is established. The plastic strain of the inner surface of the pipeline, the plastic strain of slip, and the von Mises stress under three parameters of slip tooth top angle, tooth inclination angle, and tooth number are comprehensively evaluated. In addition, visible indoor tests are established to verify the simulation model. The results show that the optimal tooth structure of slip is tooth top angle θ=65∘, tooth inclination angle γ=60∘, and tooth number m=18. This study will provide a reference for the optimal design of the slip of PIPR. It has important engineering significance for the successful implementation of its anchoring operations.